Combined chute blockage monitoring method and device and conveying equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined chute blockage monitoring method, which comprises the following steps of: transmitting pulsed light to an optical fiber in contact with a chute, and obtaining a feedback light wave signal; sound wave signals of the chute are obtained; and judging whether the chute is blocked or not according to the light wave signal and the sound wave signal. The combined chute blockage monitoring method is high in sensitivity, good in timeliness and small in environmental influence, the accuracy of chute blockage early warning can be effectively improved, and continuous and safe operation of a conveyor of a production system can be guaranteed in an assisted mode. The invention further provides a combined chute blockage monitoring device and conveying equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to a combined chute blockage monitoring method, device and conveying equipment. Background Art

[0002] In many industries, the chute of belt conveyor is mainly used to guide the conveying materials and buffer and adjust the material flow rate. It is widely used because of its efficient material conveying capacity, continuous operation and high stability. However, the chute of belt conveyor is prone to blockage during operation, which not only reduces the conveying efficiency, but also may damage the equipment, affect the production process and cause economic losses. Especially when handling bulk materials such as coal and ore, the blockage problem is more prominent.

[0003] There are many reasons for blockage, including material characteristics, mismatch between conveying speed and equipment load, unreasonable equipment design, and external environmental factors. At the production site, high humidity and high dust environmental conditions exacerbate the complexity of the blockage problem. In this environment, materials adhere and accumulate in key locations of conveyors and chutes, making them difficult to detect and handle in a timely manner. Traditional blockage detection relies on manual inspection, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of detection due to harsh working conditions. In addition, existing monitoring methods, such as simple physical sensors, often cannot provide real-time data feedback, nor can they actively warn of blockage risks. Therefore, how to accurately and efficiently identify and warn of blockage in belt conveyors has become a technical problem that the industry needs to solve urgently.

[0004] In order to solve the problem of material blockage, monitoring devices are usually installed for real-time monitoring. These devices are mostly based on pressure sensors or photoelectric detection technology, but such sensors have deficiencies in detection accuracy and signal transmission stability. In addition, such traditional sensors perform poorly in the harsh working environment of high dust and high humidity where the conveyor is located, resulting in the inability to identify material blockage in a timely, accurate, and effective manner. At the same time, the monitoring accuracy of sensor equipment is affected by many factors, including environmental interference, equipment aging, data transmission, etc., making it prone to malfunction or failure. Such occasional failures may mislead the monitoring results and affect the actual monitoring capabilities of the monitoring equipment, thereby further reducing the monitoring accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a combined chute blockage monitoring method for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The method has strong sensitivity, good timeliness, and little environmental impact, and can effectively improve the accuracy of chute blockage warning, helping to ensure the continuous and safe operation of the conveyor of the production system. The present invention also provides a combined chute blockage monitoring device and a conveying device.

[0006] The present invention provides a combined chute blockage monitoring method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Sending pulse light to the optical fiber in contact with the chute to obtain feedback light wave signals;

[0008] Acquire the acoustic wave signal of the chute;

[0009] Whether the chute is blocked is determined based on the light wave signal and the sound wave signal.

[0010] Furthermore, judging whether the chute is blocked based on the light wave signal and the sound wave signal specifically includes the following steps:

[0011] Processing the light wave signal to obtain a first vibration signal;

[0012] obtaining a first material blocking state according to a first vibration signal;

[0013] Processing the sound wave signal to obtain a second vibration signal;

[0014] obtaining a second material blocking state according to a second vibration signal;

[0015] Whether the chute is blocked is determined based on the first blocking state and the second blocking state.

[0016] Furthermore, the processing of the light wave signal to obtain the first vibration signal specifically includes: performing photoelectric conversion on the light wave signal to obtain an electrical signal; filtering and noise reduction on the electrical signal to obtain an electrical signal with vibration signal characteristics as the first vibration signal.

[0017] Further, obtaining the first material blocking state according to the first vibration signal specifically includes: calculating the power spectrum density of the first vibration signal in real time;

[0018] Obtain the minimum value of the energy of each frequency band of the first vibration signal within a set time;

[0019] The maximum value E among the minimum values ​​of energy in each frequency band min With the threshold value E thr Compare and obtain E min With E thr The difference E is taken as the first blocking state.

[0020] Furthermore, the processing of the sound wave signal to obtain the second vibration signal specifically includes: parsing the sound wave signal to obtain a Mel-like spectrogram, thereby obtaining the second vibration signal.

[0021] Further, obtaining the second material blocking state according to the second vibration signal specifically includes: extracting vibration signal features in the second vibration signal using a composite feature extraction algorithm;

[0022] Compare the vibration signal characteristics with the preset chute blocking characteristic database to obtain the fault probability S, and output P=1-S according to the fault probability S as the second blocking state;

[0023] The chute blockage feature database is obtained through analysis, training and testing of multiple groups of vibration signals of the chute.

[0024] Further, the first material blocking state is set to E, and the second material blocking state is set to P. The method of judging whether the chute is blocked according to the first material blocking state and the second material blocking state specifically includes:

[0025] The weight coefficients α and β of the first blocking state E and the second blocking state P are respectively given, and α+β=1;

[0026] The judgment basis R is obtained according to the following formula:

[0027] R=α·E+β·P

[0028] If R≥0, it is determined that the chute is blocked and a fault signal is generated; if R<0, it is determined that the chute is not blocked and a normal signal is generated.

[0029] The present invention also provides a combined chute blockage monitoring device, including a fiber optic sensitizer, an industrial microphone and a monitoring unit, wherein the fiber optic sensitizer includes an optical fiber in contact with the chute, and is used to emit pulsed light to the optical fiber to obtain a feedback light wave signal; the industrial microphone is used to obtain the sound wave signal of the chute; the monitoring unit is electrically connected to the fiber optic sensitizer and the industrial microphone, respectively, and is used to determine whether the chute is blocked based on the light wave signal and the sound wave signal.

[0030] Furthermore, there are multiple fiber optic sensitizers and industrial microphones, one fiber optic sensitizer and one industrial microphone serve as a group of monitoring devices, the fiber optic sensitizers and industrial microphones in the same group are arranged at the same horizontal height, and each group of monitoring devices is distributed in the vertical direction on the vertical surface of the chute toward the belt conveyor.

[0031] Furthermore, the optical fiber sensitizer also includes a special clamp, which is a bowl-shaped structure protruding to one side from the inside, and the opening of the bowl-shaped structure is snapped onto the surface of the chute. One end of the optical fiber is spirally coiled in the protruding area of ​​the special clamp with the center of the bowl-shaped structure of the special clamp as the midpoint, and the other end is led out from the special clamp and connected to the monitoring unit.

[0032] Furthermore, the minimum bending radius of the optical fiber arrangement is not less than 20 times the diameter of the optical fiber.

[0033] Furthermore, the monitoring unit includes a first monitoring host, a second monitoring host and an intelligent scheduling cloud platform, the first monitoring host is electrically connected to the optical fiber sensitizer, for processing the optical wave signal to obtain a first vibration signal, and obtaining a first blockage state according to the first vibration signal; the second monitoring host is electrically connected to the industrial pickup, for processing the sound wave signal to obtain a second vibration signal, and obtaining a second blockage state according to the second vibration signal; the intelligent scheduling cloud platform is electrically connected to the first monitoring host and the second monitoring host, for determining whether the chute is blocked according to the first blockage state and the second blockage state.

[0034] The present invention also provides a conveying equipment, including a chute, a belt conveyor and the above-mentioned combined chute blockage monitoring device, wherein the end of the belt conveyor is arranged above the chute for conveying materials to the chute, and the combined chute blockage monitoring device is installed on the chute for monitoring whether the chute is blocked.

[0035] The combined chute blockage monitoring method of the present invention determines whether the chute is blocked by jointly using the feedback of the chute light wave signal and the sound wave signal. This combined design can realize the comprehensive collection and analysis of vibration signals, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of chute blockage detection, and has the ability to adapt to complex environments. The correlation analysis can eliminate the risk of false alarms caused by environmental noise or mechanical interference in a single manner, and the acquired signal integrates the vibration spectrum and soundprint characteristics, and can also provide support for the realization of the transition from abnormal alarm to further early warning and root cause analysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 1 is a schematic flow chart of a combined chute blockage monitoring method in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of the first monitoring host in the combined chute blockage monitoring method in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of establishing a chute blockage feature database of the second monitoring host in the combined chute blockage monitoring method in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined chute blockage monitoring device in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the layout of the combined chute blockage monitoring device in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical fiber sensitizer of the combined chute blockage monitoring device in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1. chute; 11. upper part of chute; 12. middle part of chute; 13. lower part of chute; 2. fiber optic intensifier; 21. optical fiber; 22. special fixture; 3. industrial pickup; 4. first monitoring host; 5. second monitoring host; 6. belt conveyor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience and simplification of the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connect", "set", "install", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] The combined chute blockage monitoring method of this embodiment can use the monitoring device in Example 2, and the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] Sending pulse light to the optical fiber 21 contacting the chute 1 to obtain a feedback light wave signal;

[0050] Acquire the acoustic wave signal of chute 1;

[0051] Whether the chute 1 is blocked is determined based on the light wave signal and the sound wave signal.

[0052] In this embodiment, a fiber optic sensitizer 2 is specifically used to obtain the feedback light wave signal, that is, by emitting pulsed light to obtain the Rayleigh scattered light in the optical fiber 21; an industrial microphone 3 is used to obtain the sound wave signal of the chute 1, and the signals obtained by the two are collectively referred to as acoustic vibration data.

[0053] The combined chute blockage monitoring method of this embodiment determines whether chute 1 is blocked by the feedback of the chute light wave signal and the sound wave signal. This combined design can realize the comprehensive collection and analysis of vibration signals, significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of chute 1 blockage detection, and has the ability to adapt to complex environments. The correlation analysis can eliminate the risk of false alarms caused by environmental noise or mechanical interference in a single mode, and the acquired signal integrates the vibration spectrum and soundprint characteristics, and can also provide support for the realization of further early warning and root cause analysis from abnormal alarms.

[0054] The optical wave signal and the acoustic wave signal provide physical vibration quantification and dynamic flow information respectively. When combined for analysis and judgment, they can also keenly capture the abnormalities that may cause blockages due to changes in the properties of the materials in the chute 1. For example, when the humidity increases and the adhesion changes suddenly, the vibration amplitude decreases slightly and is difficult to be reflected in the optical wave signal. The disappearance of the high-frequency harmonics of the friction between the material and the chute wall will cause a significant change in the acoustic wave signal. Therefore, this method can capture such "soft blockage precursors" and provide early warnings. In a strong background noise environment, when the acoustic wave signal is interfered with, the optical wave signal can serve as an important reference benchmark to ensure that the blockage characteristics can be extracted.

[0055] In this embodiment, it is determined whether the chute 1 is blocked based on the light wave signal and the sound wave signal. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0056] Processing the light wave signal to obtain a first vibration signal;

[0057] obtaining a first material blocking state according to a first vibration signal;

[0058] Processing the sound wave signal to obtain a second vibration signal;

[0059] obtaining a second material blocking state according to a second vibration signal;

[0060] Whether the chute 1 is blocked is determined based on the first blocking state and the second blocking state.

[0061] Specifically, the light wave signal is processed to obtain the first vibration signal, which specifically includes: converting the light wave signal into an electrical signal by photoelectric conversion; demodulating, filtering and noise reduction processing (filtering and noise reduction can also be collectively referred to as preprocessing) the electrical signal, thereby obtaining the vibration signal characteristics during the blockage process of the chute 1, that is, obtaining an electrical signal with vibration signal characteristics as the first vibration signal.

[0062] The first material blocking state is obtained according to the first vibration signal, such as Figure 2 As shown, specifically including:

[0063] Calculate the power spectrum density of the first vibration signal in real time; that is, decompose the first vibration signal into "groups" of different frequencies, and then calculate the energy of each frequency group in real time;

[0064] The minimum value of the energy of each frequency band of the first vibration signal within a set time is obtained; the set time may be 5 hours (or may be said to be an accumulation period T), that is, in this embodiment, the minimum value of the energy of each frequency band of the first vibration signal is obtained once every 5 hours, and the following comparison is completed and accumulated again;

[0065] The maximum value E among the minimum values ​​of energy in each frequency band min With the threshold value E thr Compare and obtain E min With E thr The difference E is taken as the first blocking state. The threshold E is set thr The acquisition method is as follows: the data of the normal operation of the chute for 5 hours (the first vibration signal) is sampled, wherein every 5 seconds is taken as a sample, and the vibration signal of these 5 seconds is divided into multiple segments in the frequency domain with a frequency of 500 Hz, and the energy of each frequency segment is calculated respectively, and the maximum value of the minimum energy value of each frequency segment is taken, and the maximum energy of the sampled energy values ​​(the aforementioned multiple maximum values) for 5 hours is counted as the set threshold value E thr .

[0066] Specifically, processing the sound wave signal to obtain the second vibration signal specifically includes:

[0067] The sound wave signal is analyzed to obtain a Mel spectrogram, thereby obtaining a second vibration signal. Specifically, the electrical signal can be transmitted first, then output amplified, and preprocessed and normalized as needed, and then converted into a Mel spectrogram (or Mel spectrum graph, this signal conversion process is an existing technology and will not be described here). The Mel spectrogram is based on the Mel scale, which can better simulate the sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies and is sensitive to low-frequency segmented faults, so the recognition is more accurate.

[0068] The second material blocking state is obtained according to the second vibration signal, specifically including:

[0069] A composite feature extraction algorithm is used to extract the vibration signal feature in the second vibration signal; the composite feature extraction algorithm can be selected from the currently available algorithms according to the specific situation, and the vibration signal feature in the second vibration signal can be obtained. The vibration signal feature can be a comprehensive description that integrates multiple information sources or feature types;

[0070] Compare the vibration signal characteristics with the preset chute blockage characteristic database to obtain the fault probability S, and output (probability difference) P=1-S according to the fault probability S as the second blockage state;

[0071] The chute blockage feature database is obtained by analyzing, training and testing multiple groups of vibration signals of chute 1.

[0072] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, multiple groups of vibration signals of chute 1 are divided into a training set for model training and a test set for evaluating the generalization ability of the model (the test set also includes a registration set and a verification set), and features are extracted from each set. Through algorithms such as (convolutional) neural networks, the model is trained, tested and verified using feature data, so that the model learns the potential laws of acoustic vibration data, thereby forming a chute blockage feature database model. After comparing the actual vibration signal feature input, the fault probability (density) S can be obtained, thereby obtaining the second blockage state P=1-S.

[0073] In this embodiment, the first material blocking state is set to E, and the second material blocking state is set to P. The process of determining whether the chute 1 is blocked according to the first material blocking state and the second material blocking state specifically includes:

[0074] The weight coefficients α and β of the first blocking state E and the second blocking state P are respectively given, and α+β=1;

[0075] The judgment basis R is obtained according to the following formula:

[0076] R=α·E+β·P

[0077] If R ≥ 0, it is determined that chute 1 is blocked and a fault signal is generated; if R < 0, it is determined that chute 1 is not blocked and a normal signal is generated. In this embodiment, the weight coefficient is allocated according to the accuracy of the two signals in the historical data in the judgment of blockage, that is, assuming that the accuracy of the light wave signal in the historical data is A E , assuming that the accuracy of the sound wave signal in the historical data is A P , then the weight coefficient can be allocated according to the proportion of accuracy:

[0078]

[0079] The method of this embodiment can be used in the field of belt conveyor system monitoring technology. For the abnormal material blockage condition that often exists at the transfer chute 1 of the belt conveyor 6, the existing detection technologies have the problems of high labor intensity, detection lag, insufficient accuracy, etc., and a monitoring solution based on the joint collection of vibration signals by optical fiber vibrometer and industrial microphone is provided, which is suitable for real-time monitoring and early warning of material blockage in belt conveyor systems in coal, mining, electric power, chemical and other industries.

[0080] This monitoring method is combined with the specific monitoring device in Example 2, and the specific steps when executed are as follows Figure 1 As shown:

[0081] Step 1: The optical fiber monitoring host (the first monitoring host 4) emits a pulsed laser beam in real time, and the Rayleigh scattered light returned by the optical fiber 21 monitors the light wave signal of the operating status of the chute 1 in real time. At the same time, the microphone monitoring host (the second monitoring host 5) monitors the sound wave signal of the inner wall of the chute 1 in real time.

[0082] Step 2: When the optical fiber monitoring host detects the Rayleigh scattered light wave with phase change, a series of signal processing such as photoelectric converter, filtering, and noise reduction is performed to obtain the vibration signal characteristics of the blocking process of chute 1, calculate the power spectrum density in real time, and compare the minimum energy E of each frequency band. min With the threshold value E thr Determine the chute blocking status and output E min With E thr The difference E.

[0083] Step 3: When the microphone monitoring host receives abnormal vibration sound waves from chute 1, the fault probability is predicted by extracting and analyzing the characteristics of the vibration signal and comparing it with the preset chute 1 blockage characteristic database data to obtain the fault probability S at this time, and output P=1-S.

[0084] Step 4: Transmit the output signals E and P of the two monitoring hosts to the intelligent scheduling cloud platform in real time, and calculate the real-time operation status by giving a weight coefficient. The most appropriate weight coefficient can be given by averaging multiple experiments, and then the judgment basis R is obtained according to the following formula:

[0085] R=α·E+β·P

[0086] Among them, α and β are the weight coefficients of the optical fiber and pickup signals respectively, satisfying α+β=1. By adjusting the weight coefficients, the accuracy performance of the two under different working conditions can be optimized. If R≥0, it is determined that chute 1 is blocked and a fault signal is generated; if R<0, it is determined that chute 1 is not blocked and a normal signal is generated.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] The combined chute blockage monitoring device of this embodiment can be used to implement the monitoring method in embodiment 1. The device specifically includes an optical fiber sensitizer 2, an industrial microphone 3 and a monitoring unit. The optical fiber sensitizer 2 includes an optical fiber 21 in contact with the chute 1, which is used to emit pulse light to the optical fiber 21 to obtain a feedback light wave signal; the industrial microphone 3 is used to obtain the sound wave signal of the chute 1; the monitoring unit is electrically connected to the optical fiber sensitizer 2 and the industrial microphone 3, respectively, and is used to determine whether the chute 1 is blocked according to the light wave signal and the sound wave signal.

[0089] This embodiment determines whether chute 1 is blocked by the feedback of the chute light wave signal and the sound wave signal, and can realize the comprehensive collection and analysis of vibration signals, which significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of chute 1 blockage detection and has the ability to adapt to complex environments. The correlation analysis can eliminate the risk of false alarms caused by environmental noise or mechanical interference in a single mode, and the acquired signal integrates the vibration spectrum and voiceprint characteristics, and can also provide support for the realization of the transition from abnormal alarm to further early warning and root cause analysis.

[0090] The optical wave signal and the acoustic wave signal provide physical vibration quantification and dynamic flow information respectively. When combined for analysis and judgment, they can also keenly capture the abnormalities that may cause blockages due to changes in the properties of the materials in the chute 1. For example, when the humidity increases and the adhesion changes suddenly, the vibration amplitude decreases slightly and is difficult to be reflected in the optical wave signal. The disappearance of the high-frequency harmonics of the friction between the material and the chute wall will cause a significant change in the acoustic wave signal. Therefore, this method can capture such "soft blockage precursors" and provide early warnings. In a strong background noise environment, when the acoustic wave signal is interfered with, the optical wave signal can serve as an important reference benchmark to ensure that the blockage characteristics can be extracted.

[0091] In this embodiment, there are multiple optical fiber sensitizers 2 and industrial microphones 3. One optical fiber sensitizer 2 and one industrial microphone 3 are used as a group of monitoring components. The optical fiber sensitizers 2 and industrial microphones 3 of the same group are arranged at the same horizontal height. Each group of monitoring components is distributed on the vertical surface of the chute 1 facing the belt conveyor 6 in the vertical direction. When determining whether there is material blockage, since each vertical position of the chute 1 is provided with a group of monitoring components, the monitoring accuracy can be further improved, and the exact location where the blockage occurs can also be determined. During monitoring, the signals of each group of monitoring components are monitored separately, and the material blockage situation at each position is displayed separately.

[0092] In this embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the chute 1 is divided into three sections (from top to bottom, the upper part 11 of the chute, the middle part 12 of the chute and the lower part 13 of the chute), and three optical fiber sensitizers 2 and industrial microphones 3 are provided. Two devices in the three groups of monitoring parts are parallel to each other, and the three groups are respectively placed at three different vibration measuring points of the upper, middle and lower parts of the chute 1, and are located on the inner surface of the belt conveyor 6 where coal blocks and other materials are thrown down. The collected sound and vibration signals are respectively transmitted to the respective monitoring hosts in the monitoring units, and the signal feature analysis and deep learning algorithm diagnosis analysis are respectively performed in the monitoring hosts to comprehensively judge the blocking state characteristics of the chute 1, and are simultaneously uploaded to the server client (intelligent scheduling cloud platform).

[0093] In this embodiment, the industrial microphone 3 is installed at the positioning point of the chute 1 by strong magnetic attraction, and maintains a certain safe distance from the optical fiber sensitizer 2 to reduce potential signal interference. The wiring uses RVVP shielded cable (a cable with soft conductor PVC insulated wire, shielding layer and PVC sheath) to connect the industrial microphone 3 and the second monitoring host 5, which has excellent anti-electromagnetic interference ability, and ensures that the cable is away from other electrical equipment and high temperature areas to maintain the integrity of the signal and the long life of the equipment.

[0094] In this embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the fiber optic sensitizer 2 also includes a special fixture 22. The special fixture 22 is a bowl-shaped structure protruding from the inside to one side, and the opening of the bowl-shaped structure is buckled on the surface of the chute 1. One end of the optical fiber 21 is spirally coiled in the protruding area of ​​the special fixture 22 with the center of the bowl-shaped structure of the special fixture 22 as the midpoint, and the other end is led out of the special fixture 22 and connected to the monitoring unit. By wrapping the optical fiber 21 around the protrusion inside the special fixture 22, the sound vibration signal can be collected in a centralized manner, which can improve the accuracy of local detection. The chute 1 is installed on the crusher, and the top drop port receives the material. The special fixture 22 is strongly magnetically attracted to the upper, middle and lower points of the outer wall of the chute 1. The upper point is installed near the drop port, the middle point is installed in the middle part, and the lower point is installed near the bottom crusher.

[0095] In this embodiment, the minimum bending radius of the optical fiber 21 is not less than 20 times the diameter of the optical fiber 21. This arrangement condition is ensured during the laying process of the optical fiber 21 to avoid damaging the optical and mechanical properties of the optical fiber 21.

[0096] In this embodiment, the monitoring unit includes a first monitoring host 4 (also known as an optical fiber monitoring host), a second monitoring host 5 (also known as a microphone monitoring host) and an intelligent scheduling cloud platform. The first monitoring host 4 is electrically connected to the optical fiber sensitizer 2, which is used to process the optical wave signal to obtain a first vibration signal, and obtain a first blockage state according to the first vibration signal; the second monitoring host 5 is electrically connected to the industrial microphone 3, which is used to process the sound wave signal to obtain a second vibration signal, and obtain a second blockage state according to the second vibration signal; the intelligent scheduling cloud platform is electrically connected to the first monitoring host 4 and the second monitoring host 5, and is used to determine whether the chute 1 is blocked according to the first blockage state and the second blockage state.

[0097] The optical fiber monitoring host is installed inside the cabinet of the power distribution room of the belt conveyor 6 by bolt fixing. On the one hand, it receives the light wave signal transmitted from the optical fiber sensitizer 2 through the optical fiber 21. The abnormal acoustic disturbance of the chute 1 on site will cause the Rayleigh scattered light wave to produce a phase change signal. The light wave signal can be converted into an electrical signal through the photoelectric converter. Through noise reduction, filtering and other processing, the vibration signal characteristics are obtained. The power spectrum density is calculated in real time by the analysis and processing system in the host to obtain the energy of each frequency band. By setting the blockage energy alarm threshold, the online monitoring of the chute blockage can be realized. The microphone monitoring host receives and analyzes the signal transmitted from the industrial microphone 3, and performs signal feature analysis through the vibration signal composite feature extraction algorithm and the deep learning recognition algorithm. Through continuous data training and testing, the chute 1 blockage feature database is obtained, which can realize the online monitoring function of the chute blockage. The specific monitoring method of the two groups of monitoring hosts can be seen in the specific process in Example 1.

[0098] In summary, this embodiment can be said to provide a combined chute blockage monitoring device based on optical fiber and microphone, including optical fiber sensitizer 2, industrial microphone 3, monitoring host and other components. Three vertical monitoring points are set on the outer wall of the head chute 1 of the belt conveyor (belt conveyor 6), respectively located on the upper, middle and lower inside of the feeding port of the chute 1, and the optical fiber sensitizer 2 and industrial microphone 3 for vibration monitoring are placed horizontally at the three vibration measurement points. The sound vibration signal of the chute 1 is obtained in real time by the optical fiber sensitizer 2 and the industrial microphone 3, and the signal characteristics are processed and analyzed by the respective monitoring hosts. For the optical fiber monitoring system, the high-frequency power spectrum density calculated by the vibration characteristics is used as an indicator, and the blockage situation of each part is judged according to the attenuation trend of the power spectrum density, and the alarm threshold is set; for the microphone monitoring system, a deep learning algorithm is used to self-learn the nonlinear mode between the vibration signal and the blockage, and the blockage situation is judged by itself. The output signals of the two monitoring hosts are transmitted to the intelligent scheduling cloud platform in real time, and the abnormal blockage state of the chute is judged and processed according to the comprehensive judgment criteria of the cloud platform. The dual judgment criteria can effectively improve the accuracy of chute blockage warning, helping to ensure the continuous and safe operation of the production system conveyor.

[0099] The solution of this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0100] 1. High-precision monitoring and early warning capabilities: Based on the combined design of optical fiber vibrometer and industrial pickup, it can realize the comprehensive collection and analysis of vibration signals and sound wave signals, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of chute blockage detection. Under the processing of the monitoring host, potential blockage situations can be identified and predicted in real time, thereby effectively reducing the risk of production stagnation.

[0101] 2. Ability to adapt to complex environments: By adopting optical fiber and microphone technology, a detection device that is highly adaptable to external electromagnetic interference and harsh environmental conditions is designed. Optical fiber has excellent anti-interference ability, and the microphone, through strict shielding design and on-site power supply, ensures stable operation in a changing industrial environment and ensures the long-term reliability of the equipment.

[0102] 3. Ability to integrate real-time data analysis and deep learning: Using the monitoring host, integrating advanced optical, electronic and algorithmic technologies, combined with deep learning recognition algorithms, it can perform real-time analysis on complex vibration and acoustic signals. Through nonlinear simulation and feature extraction, it can quickly identify fault modes and issue early warnings, improve the ability to monitor the operating status of equipment, and provide important decision-making support for maintenance and management.

[0103] Example 3

[0104] The conveying equipment of this embodiment includes a chute 1, a belt conveyor 6 and the combined chute blockage monitoring device in Example 2. The end of the belt conveyor 6 is arranged above the chute 1 for conveying materials to the chute 1. The combined chute blockage monitoring device is installed on the chute 1 for monitoring whether the chute 1 is blocked.

[0105] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined chute blockage monitoring method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: emitting pulse light to the optical fiber (21) in contact with the chute (1) to obtain a feedback light wave signal; Acquiring a sound wave signal of the chute (1); Whether the chute (1) is blocked is determined based on the light wave signal and the sound wave signal.

2. The combined chute blockage monitoring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of judging whether material blockage occurs in the chute (1) based on the light wave signal and the sound wave signal specifically comprises the following steps: Processing the light wave signal to obtain a first vibration signal; obtaining a first material blocking state according to a first vibration signal; Processing the sound wave signal to obtain a second vibration signal; obtaining a second material blocking state according to a second vibration signal; Whether the chute (1) is blocked is determined based on the first blocking state and the second blocking state.

3. The combined chute blockage monitoring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The processing of the light wave signal to obtain the first vibration signal specifically includes: Convert the light wave signal into an electrical signal by photoelectric conversion; The electric signal is filtered and subjected to noise reduction processing to obtain an electric signal with vibration signal characteristics as the first vibration signal.

4. The combined chute blockage monitoring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The obtaining of the first material blocking state according to the first vibration signal specifically includes: Calculating the power spectrum density of the first vibration signal in real time; Obtain the minimum value of the energy of each frequency band of the first vibration signal within a set time; The maximum value E among the minimum values ​​of energy in each frequency band min With the threshold value E thr Compare and obtain E min With E thr The difference E is taken as the first blocking state.

5. The combined chute blockage monitoring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The processing of the sound wave signal to obtain the second vibration signal specifically includes: The sound wave signal is analyzed to obtain a Mel-speech spectrogram, thereby obtaining a second vibration signal.

6. The combined chute blockage monitoring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The obtaining of the second material blocking state according to the second vibration signal specifically includes: extracting the vibration signal features in the second vibration signal using a composite feature extraction algorithm; Compare the vibration signal characteristics with the preset chute blocking characteristic database to obtain the fault probability S, and output P=1-S according to the fault probability S as the second blocking state; The chute blockage feature database is obtained through analysis, training and testing of multiple groups of vibration signals of the chute (1).

7. The combined chute blockage monitoring method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Set the first blocking state to E and the second blocking state to P. The step of judging whether the chute (1) is blocked according to the first blocking state and the second blocking state specifically comprises: The weight coefficients α and β of the first blocking state E and the second blocking state P are respectively given, and α+β=1; The judgment basis R is obtained according to the following formula: R=α·E+β·P If R≥0, it is determined that the chute (1) is blocked and a fault signal is generated; if R<0, it is determined that the chute (1) is not blocked and a normal signal is generated.

8. A combined chute blockage monitoring device, characterized in that: It includes a fiber optic intensifier (2), an industrial microphone (3) and a monitoring unit. The optical fiber sensitizer (2) comprises an optical fiber (21) in contact with the chute (1), and is used to emit pulse light to the optical fiber (21) to obtain a feedback optical wave signal; The industrial microphone (3) is used to obtain the sound wave signal of the chute (1); The monitoring unit is electrically connected to the optical fiber sensitizer (2) and the industrial microphone (3) respectively, and is used to determine whether the chute (1) is blocked based on the optical wave signal and the sound wave signal.

9. The combined chute blockage monitoring device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The optical fiber intensifier (2) and the industrial pickup (3) are each provided with a plurality of A fiber optic sensitizer (2) and an industrial microphone (3) are used as a group of monitoring components. The fiber optic sensitizer (2) and the industrial microphone (3) of the same group are arranged at the same level. Each group of monitoring components is distributed in the vertical direction on the vertical surface of the chute (1) facing the belt conveyor (6).

10. The combined chute blockage monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The optical fiber sensitizer (2) further comprises a special fixture (22), The special fixture (22) is a bowl-shaped structure with a protrusion on one side, and the opening of the bowl-shaped structure is buckled on the surface of the chute (1). One end of the optical fiber (21) is spirally wound in a protruding area of ​​the special clamp (22) with the center of the bowl-shaped structure of the special clamp (22) as the midpoint, and the other end is led out of the special clamp (22) and connected to a monitoring unit.

11. The combined chute blockage monitoring device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The minimum bending radius of the optical fiber (21) is not less than 20 times the diameter of the optical fiber (21).

12. The combined chute blockage monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The monitoring unit comprises a first monitoring host (4), a second monitoring host (5) and an intelligent scheduling cloud platform, The first monitoring host (4) is electrically connected to the optical fiber sensitizer (2) and is used for processing the optical wave signal to obtain a first vibration signal, and obtaining a first material blocking state according to the first vibration signal; The second monitoring host (5) is electrically connected to the industrial microphone (3) and is used for processing the sound wave signal to obtain a second vibration signal, and obtaining a second material blocking state according to the second vibration signal; The intelligent scheduling cloud platform is electrically connected to the first monitoring host (4) and the second monitoring host (5), and is used to determine whether the chute (1) is blocked according to the first blocking state and the second blocking state.

13. A conveying device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a chute (1), a belt conveyor (6) and a combined chute blockage monitoring device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, The end of the belt conveyor (6) is arranged above the chute (1) and is used to convey materials to the chute (1). The combined chute blockage monitoring device is installed on the chute (1) and is used to monitor whether the chute (1) is blocked.

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