Phospholipid as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses phospholipid as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic compounds. According to the phospholipid, lysolecithin, p-carboxyl formaldehyde and fatty amine serve as raw materials, the synthesized phospholipid has a dynamic covalent bond Schiff base structure, the phospholipid molecular structure can achieve dissociation and assembly under the action of acid or alkali, and compared with conventional natural phospholipid, the problems of complex components, large smell and the like are solved; according to the present invention, the Schiff base dynamic covalent bond structure can be used for the construction of the active component liposome of pesticides and cosmetics, the formed liposome has excellent stability and excellent transdermal absorption performance, and by using the Schiff base dynamic covalent bond structure in the structure, the sustained and controlled release effect on the raw pesticide can be achieved, the half-life period of the pesticide can be prolonged, and the application reducing and synergistic effect can be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of organic compounds, and in particular to a phospholipid and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Phospholipids are an important component of human skin cells and an important raw material for cosmetics. They have the functions of repairing skin barriers, reducing water loss, improving skin roughness, resisting external pollutant stimulation, improving inflammation, and anti-oxidation. They also have the functions of emulsifying and encapsulating active ingredients. They are currently important carrier materials in the preparation of daily chemical liposomes. However, natural phospholipids are extracted from soybeans or egg yolks, and have the disadvantages of complex ingredients, low purity, dark color, strong odor, and easy oxidation. The quality of phospholipids can be improved by further hydrogenating natural phospholipids to obtain hydrogenated lecithin. However, the current imported hydrogenated lecithin products have problems such as low purity, incomplete hydrogenation resulting in yellowish color, single molecular structure, and high price. Due to the low production process and quality of hydrogenated lecithin, it has failed to effectively replace imported products, which greatly limits the high-quality development of the cosmetics industry.

[0003] In addition, the phospholipids synthesized in the prior art include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and other phospholipid molecules, which are also components of natural phospholipids. These natural phospholipids have relatively simple and stable structures and do not have the effect of sustained and controlled release. They cannot meet the various applications of phospholipids in other scenarios, such as the pesticide field, which limits the application field of phospholipids. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a phospholipid, which is a synthetic phospholipid, avoids the defects of natural phospholipids such as complex composition, low purity, dark color, strong odor, etc., and can achieve dissociation and assembly of molecular structure under the action of acid or alkali, so as to achieve a sustained and controlled release effect.

[0005] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing phospholipids.

[0006] The third aspect of the present invention is to provide a liposome.

[0007] The fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a use of phospholipids or liposomes.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention provides a phospholipid having a structure as shown in the following formula (I):

[0010]

[0011] Wherein, n is an odd number between 1 and 20; m is an even number between 1 and 20.

[0012] The phospholipid represented by formula (I) of the present invention is a synthetic phospholipid with special functions. The phospholipid has a dynamic covalent Schiff base structure in its molecule. The dissociation and assembly of the phospholipid can be reversibly controlled by the action of acid or base, and the reversible transformation of the self-assembly structure of the phospholipid in aqueous solution from vesicles to micelles can be achieved, thereby achieving a sustained-release effect in special application scenarios.

[0013] At the same time, this phospholipid avoids the disadvantages of natural phospholipids such as complex composition, low purity, dark color, and strong odor. The liposomes formed by it have excellent stability and transdermal absorption performance.

[0014] Preferably, n is 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 or 17; and m is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or 18.

[0015] Further preferably, said n is 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 or 15; more preferably, said n is 7, 9, 11, 13 or 15; even more preferably, said n is 9, 11, 13 or 15.

[0016] Further preferably, m is 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14; more preferably, m is 6, 8, 10 or 12; even more preferably, m is 6, 8 or 10.

[0017] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the phospholipids include lysolecithin, p-carboxybenzaldehyde and fatty amine.

[0018] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the phospholipid according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. reacting lysolecithin with p-carboxybenzaldehyde, purifying, and obtaining a phospholipid molecule containing an aldehyde group;

[0020] S2. reacting the phospholipid molecule containing an aldehyde group with a fatty amine to obtain the phospholipid.

[0021] Preferably, the molar ratio of the lysolecithin to p-carboxybenzaldehyde is 1:(0.5-2).

[0022] Further preferably, the molar ratio of the lysolecithin to p-carboxybenzaldehyde is 1:(0.5-1.5); more preferably, the molar ratio of the lysolecithin to p-carboxybenzaldehyde is 1:(0.8-1.2).

[0023] Preferably, the molar ratio of the phospholipid molecules containing aldehyde groups to the fatty amine is 1:(0.8-1.3).

[0024] More preferably, the molar ratio of the phospholipid molecules containing aldehyde groups to the fatty amine is 1:(0.9-1.2).

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the reaction is carried out under the catalysis of a catalyst; the molar ratio of the catalyst to the total amount of lysolecithin and p-carboxybenzaldehyde is (1-8):1.

[0026] More preferably, in step S1, the molar ratio of the catalyst to the total amount of lysolecithin and p-carboxybenzaldehyde is (1-4):1; more preferably (2-3):1.

[0027] Further preferably, in the step S1, lysolecithin, p-carboxybenzaldehyde and a catalyst are heated and dissolved in a first organic solvent to carry out a reaction.

[0028] More preferably, in step S1, the temperature of heating and dissolving is 25-80°C; even more preferably, the temperature of heating and dissolving is 25-50°C.

[0029] More preferably, in step S1, the first organic solvent includes at least one of toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane and chloroform.

[0030] Further preferably, in step S1, the catalyst includes at least one of a mixture of dichlorocyclohexane and 4-dimethylaminepyridine, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and thionyl chloride.

[0031] Preferably, in step S1, the lysolecithin includes at least one of caproylphosphatidylcholine, butyrylphosphatidylcholine, caproylphosphatidylcholine, octanoylphosphatidylcholine, decanoylphosphatidylcholine, lauroylphosphatidylcholine, myristoylphosphatidylcholine, palmitoylphosphatidylcholine and stearoylphosphatidylcholine.

[0032] Preferably, in step S1, the reaction temperature is 0-180°C.

[0033] More preferably, in the step S1, the reaction temperature is 40-80°C.

[0034] Preferably, in step S1, the reaction time is 3 to 24 hours; more preferably, the reaction time is 4 to 12 hours.

[0035] Preferably, in the step S1, the reaction is carried out under an inert atmosphere.

[0036] Further preferably, the inert atmosphere includes at least one of argon, nitrogen or helium.

[0037] Preferably, in step S1, the purification includes the following steps: filtering the reactants after the reaction to obtain a filtrate; removing the solvent in the filtrate to obtain a crude product; performing column chromatography separation and purification on the crude product to obtain a product solution; removing the solvent in the product solution and drying to obtain the phospholipid molecules containing aldehyde groups.

[0038] Further preferably, the solvent is removed by a rotary evaporator.

[0039] Preferably, in step S2, the phospholipid molecules containing aldehyde groups and fatty amines are mixed in a second organic solvent to react.

[0040] Further preferably, the second organic solvent includes at least one of methanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetone and acetonitrile.

[0041] Preferably, in step S2, the reaction is carried out at a pH of 6 to 12.

[0042] More preferably, in the step S2, the reaction is carried out at a pH of 8 to 11.

[0043] Further preferably, in step S2, the pH of the reaction is adjusted using an alkaline reagent; more preferably, the alkaline reagent includes sodium hydroxide.

[0044] Preferably, in step S2, the reaction temperature is 30-120°C.

[0045] More preferably, in step S2, the reaction temperature is 50-70°C.

[0046] Preferably, in step S2, the reaction time is 1 to 12 hours; more preferably, the reaction time is 4 to 8 hours.

[0047] Preferably, in step S2, the fatty amine includes at least one of butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine and eicosylamine.

[0048] Preferably, in the step S2, the step of removing the solvent is further included after the reaction; further preferably, the solvent is removed using a rotary evaporator.

[0049] Preferably, in step S1 and step S2, whether the reaction is completed is monitored by TCL.

[0050] Specifically, the reaction formula involved in the preparation method of the phospholipid is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] The third aspect of the present invention provides a liposome, wherein the raw materials for preparing the liposome include the phospholipid described in the first aspect of the present invention or the phospholipid prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0053] Preferably, the mass content of phospholipids in the liposome is 0.1-15%.

[0054] Further preferably, the mass content of phospholipids in the liposome is 1-10%; more preferably, the mass content of phospholipids in the liposome is 3-7%.

[0055] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the liposomes include phospholipids, polyols and active ingredients; the active ingredients include cosmetic active ingredients or pesticide active ingredients.

[0056] More preferably, the polyol includes at least one of 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol.

[0057] Further preferably, the cosmetic active ingredient includes at least one of ginsenoside CK, ginsenoside Rg3, ceramide, retinol, and tetrahydrocurcumin.

[0058] Further preferably, the pesticide active ingredient includes at least one of avermectin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, fipronil and acetamiprid.

[0059] More preferably, the raw materials for preparing the liposome also include an aqueous phase.

[0060] More preferably, the raw materials for preparing the liposomes include the following components by mass percentage:

[0061] Phospholipids 0.1-15%, polyols 5-30%, active ingredients 0.5-20%, and the balance is water phase.

[0062] More preferably, the raw materials for preparing the liposomes include the following components by mass percentage:

[0063] 3-7% phospholipids, 5-15% polyols, 5-20% active ingredients, and the balance is water phase.

[0064] More preferably, the method for preparing the liposome comprises the following steps:

[0065] The phospholipids, polyols and active ingredients are mixed to obtain solution A; the aqueous phase is heated to obtain solution B; the solution A and the solution B are mixed to obtain the liposome.

[0066] More preferably, the mixing temperature of the phospholipid, polyol and active ingredient is 65-85°C; further preferably, it is 75-85°C.

[0067] More preferably, the heating temperature of the water phase is 75-95°C; further preferably, it is 75-85°C.

[0068] More preferably, after the solution A and the solution B are mixed, homogenization and ultrasonic treatment are also included; the speed of the homogenization is 10000-20000rpm, and more preferably 12000-15000rpm; the time of the homogenization is 2-11min, and more preferably 3-7min; the temperature of the homogenization is 70-90°C, and more preferably 75-85°C; the temperature of the ultrasonic treatment is 5-20°C, and more preferably 10-15°C; the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 10-20min; the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 350-500W, and more preferably 400-500W.

[0069] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a use of the phospholipid described in the first aspect of the present invention or the liposome described in the third aspect of the present invention in the preparation of cosmetics and pesticides.

[0070] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0071] (1) The molecular structure of the phospholipid provided by the present invention is different from that of conventional natural phospholipid molecules. The phospholipid has a Schiff base dynamic covalent bond structure, which can achieve the dissociation and assembly of the molecular structure under the action of acid or base, thereby achieving the effect of sustained release. Moreover, as a synthetic phospholipid, the phospholipid of the present invention avoids the problems of complex composition, low purity, dark color, strong odor, etc. compared with natural phospholipids.

[0072] (2) The phospholipid of the present invention is prepared by using lysolecithin, p-carboxybenzaldehyde and fatty amine. The preparation method is simple and the preparation conditions are relatively mild, which is suitable for industrial application.

[0073] (3) The liposomes formed by the phospholipids obtained in the present invention have excellent stability and transdermal absorption performance. At the same time, the Schiff base dynamic covalent bond structure in the phospholipids also makes it have a sustained and controlled release effect. Therefore, the phospholipids are suitable for the construction of liposomes of active ingredients such as pesticides and cosmetics. The formed liposomes are stable when used in cosmetics and are beneficial to the absorption of active ingredients by the skin. When used in pesticide technical, the sustained and controlled release of the pesticide technical can be achieved, the half-life of the pesticide can be increased, and the effect of reducing the application and increasing the efficiency can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 This is the H-NMR spectrum of the phospholipid molecule containing aldehyde groups synthesized in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 2 This is the H-NMR spectrum of the phospholipid synthesized in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 3 This is the CMC curve of the phospholipid molecule and phospholipid containing aldehyde groups in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 4 This is the CMC curve of the phospholipid synthesized in Example 3 of the present invention at different pH values.

[0078] Figure 5 It is the CMC curve of the phospholipids in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 6 This is the appearance and particle size distribution diagram of the avermectin liposome in Application Example 1 of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 7 This is the appearance and particle size distribution diagram of ginsenoside CK liposomes in Application Example 2 of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 8 This is the appearance of the avermectin liposomes in Application Example 1 of the present invention at different pH values. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The present invention is further described in detail below by specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents or devices used in the examples and comparative examples can be obtained from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by prior art methods. Unless otherwise specified, the experiments or test methods are conventional methods in the art.

[0083] Example 1

[0084] A phospholipid, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0085] S1. Dissolve 1 mol of acylphosphatidylcholine and 1 mol of p-carboxybenzaldehyde in 30 mL of dichloromethane, add 4 mol of dichlorocyclohexane and 1 mol of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, heat to dissolve at 25°C, protect with nitrogen, and react at 40°C for 4 hours; filter after monitoring the progress of the reaction by TLC, collect the filtrate and use a rotary evaporator to remove excess solvent to obtain a crude product; separate and purify the crude product by column chromatography, collect the solution of the target product, remove the solvent by a rotary evaporator and vacuum dry to obtain a phospholipid molecule containing an aldehyde group;

[0086] S2. Mix 1 mol of aldehyde-containing phospholipid molecules and 1 mol of butylamine in methanol and stir to dissolve. Use NaOH to adjust the pH of the solution to 10, then stir at 40°C for 4 hours. Monitor the reaction using TLC. After the reaction is completed, use a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent to obtain phospholipid.

[0087] The structural formula of the phospholipid is shown in the following formula (1):

[0088]

[0089] Example 2

[0090] A phospholipid, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0091] S1. Dissolve 1 mol of octanoylphosphatidylcholine and 1 mol of p-carboxybenzaldehyde in 30 mL of chloroform, add 4 mol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heat to dissolve at 25°C, protect with argon, and react at 60°C for 8 hours; monitor the progress of the reaction by TLC and filter, collect the filtrate and remove the excess solvent by rotary evaporator to obtain a crude product; separate and purify the crude product by column chromatography, collect the solution of the target product, remove the solvent by rotary evaporator and vacuum dry to obtain a phospholipid molecule containing an aldehyde group;

[0092] S2. Mix 1 mol of aldehyde-containing phospholipid molecules and 1 mol of eicosamine in ethanol and stir to dissolve. Use NaOH to adjust the pH of the solution to 9, then stir at 45°C for 6 hours. Monitor the reaction using TLC. After the reaction is completed, use a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent to obtain phospholipids.

[0093] The structural formula of the phospholipid is shown in the following formula (2):

[0094]

[0095] Example 3

[0096] A phospholipid, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0097] S1. Dissolve 1 mol of palmitoylphosphatidylcholine and 1 mol of p-carboxybenzaldehyde in 50 mL of chloroform, add 4 mol of dichlorocyclohexane and 1 mol of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, heat to dissolve at 25°C, protect with nitrogen, and react at 55°C for 6 hours; filter after monitoring the progress of the reaction by TLC, collect the filtrate and use a rotary evaporator to remove excess solvent to obtain a crude product; separate and purify the crude product by column chromatography, collect the solution of the target product, remove the solvent by a rotary evaporator and perform vacuum drying to obtain a phospholipid molecule containing an aldehyde group;

[0098] S3. Mix 1 mol of aldehyde-containing phospholipid molecules and 1 mol of dodecylamine in ethanol and stir to dissolve. Use NaOH to adjust the pH of the solution to 9.5. Then stir at 40°C for 8 hours. Monitor the reaction using TLC. After the reaction is completed, use a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent to obtain phospholipid.

[0099] The structural formula of the phospholipid is shown in the following formula (3):

[0100]

[0101] Taking Example 3 as an example, the phospholipid molecules and phospholipids containing aldehyde groups synthesized in Example 3 were tested, and the results are as follows: Figures 1 to 4 shown.

[0102] Figure 1 This is the H-NMR spectrum of the phospholipid molecule containing aldehyde groups synthesized in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the H NMR spectrum of the phospholipid synthesized in Example 3 of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that in Example 3 of the present invention, phospholipid molecules containing aldehyde groups are successfully synthesized by using lysolecithin and p-carboxybenzaldehyde, and further reacted with fatty amines to obtain phospholipids.

[0103] It should be understood that, since Examples 1 to 3 all use lysolecithin, p-carboxybenzaldehyde and fatty amine as raw materials to prepare phospholipids, although the specific selection of lysolecithin and fatty amine is different, the preparation principle, reaction process and reaction conditions are the same. Although Examples 1 to 2 do not provide specific nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectra, phospholipids are also successfully synthesized.

[0104] Figure 3 The CMC (critical micelle concentration) curve of the phospholipid molecule containing aldehyde groups and the phospholipid in Example 3 of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the CMC and surface tension of the phospholipid (i.e., synthetic phospholipid) are lower than those of the phospholipid molecule containing aldehyde groups (i.e., aldehyde-containing phospholipid), indicating that the synthetic phospholipid of the present invention has excellent surface activity, and when the liposome formed by the phospholipid is used in cosmetics, it has excellent transdermal absorption performance.

[0105] Figure 4 The CMC curves of the phospholipids synthesized in Example 3 of the present invention at different pH values ​​are shown in Table 1. Figure 4 It can be seen that at pH 5, the CMC and surface tension of phospholipids are higher than those at pH 10. This is because at low pH, the Schiff base dynamic covalent bond structure of phospholipids breaks, forming phospholipid molecules containing aldehyde groups and dodecyl ammonium salts, which interact electrostatically, making the surface tension and CMC lower than before the break. It can be seen that the phospholipids of the present invention can be dissociated and assembled under the action of acid or alkali, realizing the reversible transformation of the self-assembled structure of the phospholipid aqueous solution from vesicles to micelles, so that the effect of sustained and controlled release can be achieved during the application process.

[0106] The surface activities of the phospholipids of Examples 1 to 3 were compared, and the results were as follows: Figure 5 shown. Figure 53 is the CMC curve of the phospholipids in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the phospholipid synthesized in Example 3 has the smallest CMC and the lowest surface tension, and has higher surface activity than the phospholipids in Examples 1 and 2.

[0107] Application Example 1

[0108] An avermectin liposome comprises, by mass percentage, 5% of phospholipid, 10% of 1,4-butanediol, 14% of avermectin and 71% of water; wherein the phospholipid is the phospholipid in Example 3.

[0109] The preparation method of the avermectin liposome comprises the following steps:

[0110] S1. Mix and dissolve phospholipids, 1,4-butanediol and avermectin at 75° C. into a transparent solution to obtain solution A;

[0111] S2. Heat the water to 80°C to obtain solution B, and then slowly dropwise add solution A obtained in step S1 to solution B using a high-speed homogenizer at 80°C and 12000 rpm. After the addition is complete, continue homogenizing for 5 minutes to obtain solution C;

[0112] S3. Place the solution C obtained in step S2 in a probe ultrasonic instrument and ultrasonicate at 480W and 10°C for 20 minutes to obtain avermectin liposomes.

[0113] Application Example 2

[0114] A ginsenoside CK liposome comprises, by mass percentage, 5% phospholipid, 10% 1,3-propylene glycol, 8% ginsenoside CK and 77% water; wherein the phospholipid is the phospholipid in Example 3.

[0115] The preparation method of the ginsenoside CK liposome comprises the following steps:

[0116] S1. Mix and dissolve synthetic phospholipids, 1,3-propylene glycol, and ginsenoside CK at 85° C. to obtain a transparent solution to obtain solution A;

[0117] S2. Heat the water to 80°C to obtain solution B, and then slowly dropwise add solution A obtained in step S1 to solution B using a high-speed homogenizer at 80°C and 15000 rpm. After the addition is complete, continue homogenizing for 5 minutes to obtain solution C;

[0118] S3. Place the solution C obtained in step S2 in a probe ultrasonic instrument and ultrasonicate at 450W and 15°C for 20 minutes to obtain ginsenoside CK liposomes.

[0119] The physicochemical properties of the liposomes obtained in Example 1 and Application Example 2 were tested, and the results were as follows: Figures 6 to 8 shown.

[0120] Figure 6 The appearance and particle size distribution diagram of avermectin liposomes in Application Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the appearance and particle size distribution diagram of ginsenoside CK liposomes in Application Example 2 of the present invention. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The particle size distribution was tested three times. The average particle size of avermectin liposomes was 78 nm, and the average particle size of ginsenoside CK liposomes was 63 nm. Figure 6 and Figure 7 From the appearance pictures of avermectin liposomes and ginsenoside CK liposomes placed at room temperature for 3 months, it can be seen that the liposomes remain stable after being placed for three months, indicating that the phospholipids of the present invention and the liposomes formed therefrom have excellent stability.

[0121] Figure 8 The appearance pictures of the avermectin liposomes in Application Example 1 of the present invention at different pH values ​​are shown in the figure. As can be seen from the figure, when the pH value of the avermectin liposomes is greater than 6, the system is translucent, indicating that the liposomes are vesicle-like structures. When the pH value is less than 6, the system changes from translucent to transparent, indicating that the vesicle structure of the liposomes breaks and changes into spherical micelles. This change is mainly because the phospholipids constituting the liposomes contain Schiff base dynamic covalent bond structures, which can be broken under acidic conditions, so that the microstructure formed by the self-assembly of the phospholipids is further changed. This change in microstructure can be used to achieve sustained and controlled release of drugs under different pH conditions.

[0122] In summary, the phospholipid synthesized by the present invention has a dynamic covalent bond Schiff base structure, and the phospholipid molecular structure can achieve the dissociation and assembly of the molecular structure under the action of acid or base. Compared with conventional natural phospholipids, it avoids the problems of complex ingredients and strong odor, and can be used for the construction of active ingredient liposomes of pesticides and cosmetics. The formed liposomes have excellent stability and transdermal absorption performance, and the Schiff base dynamic covalent bond structure in its structure can also achieve the sustained and controlled release of the pesticide original drug, increase the half-life of the pesticide, and play a role in reducing the application and increasing the efficiency.

[0123] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phospholipid, characterized in that It has the structure shown in the following formula (I): Wherein, n is an odd number between 1 and 20; m is an even number between 1 and 20.

2. The phospholipid according to claim 1, characterized in that The n is 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 or 17; the m is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 or 18.

3. A method for preparing the phospholipid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. reacting lysolecithin with p-carboxybenzaldehyde, purifying, and obtaining a phospholipid molecule containing an aldehyde group; S2. reacting the phospholipid molecule containing an aldehyde group with a fatty amine to obtain the phospholipid.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the lysolecithin to p-carboxybenzaldehyde is 1:(0.5-2); And / or, the molar ratio of the phospholipid molecules containing aldehyde groups to the fatty amine is 1:(0.8-1.3).

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step S1, the reaction is carried out under the catalysis of a catalyst; the molar ratio of the catalyst to the total amount of lysolecithin and p-carboxybenzaldehyde is (1-8):1; And / or, in step S1, the reaction temperature is 0 to 180°C; And / or, in the step S1, the reaction is carried out under an inert atmosphere.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step S2, the reaction is carried out at a pH of 6 to 12; And / or, in step S2, the reaction temperature is 30-120°C.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lysolecithin comprises at least one of caproylphosphatidylcholine, butyrylphosphatidylcholine, caproylphosphatidylcholine, octanoylphosphatidylcholine, decanoylphosphatidylcholine, lauroylphosphatidylcholine, myristoylphosphatidylcholine, palmitoylphosphatidylcholine and stearoylphosphatidylcholine; and / or, the fatty amine includes at least one of butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine and eicosylamine; And / or, the catalyst includes at least one of a mixture of dichlorocyclohexane and 4-dimethylaminepyridine, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and thionyl chloride.

8. A liposome, characterized in that: The preparation raw materials include the phospholipids described in any one of claims 1 to 2 or the phospholipids prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 3 to 7.

9. The liposome according to claim 8, characterized in that The mass content of phospholipids in the liposomes is 0.1 to 15%; And / or, the raw materials for preparing the liposome include phospholipids, polyols and active ingredients; the active ingredients include cosmetic active ingredients or pesticide active ingredients.

10. Use of the phospholipid according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the liposome according to any one of claims 8 to 9 in the preparation of cosmetics and pesticides.

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