Automatic Feeding Device Based on Pretreatment of Biomass Raw Materials

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of raw material processing, and specifically relates to an automatic feeding device based on the pretreatment of biomass raw materials. It includes a silo, a main body unit is arranged outside the silo, a shearing unit is arranged at one end inside the silo, and a dressing unit is arranged at the other end inside the silo; through the mutual meshing action between the knife bars, the biomass raw materials entering the inside of the silo are sheared, reducing the difference between the biomass raw material particles, fully ensuring the consistency of the particle size between the biomass raw materials, and reducing the phenomenon of asynchronous pyrolysis reactions between the biomass raw materials; at the same time, due to the reverse rotation difference between the hockey stick and the central axis, the grid plate and the toothed plate are urged to perform an alternating pendulum shear on the biomass raw materials between the filter plates, further avoiding the accumulation between different particle biomass raw materials, improving the air permeability and heat dissipation between different biomass raw materials, ensuring the dryness between the biomass raw materials, reducing the local temperature drop, and promoting the uniform carbonization degree of biomass charcoal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of raw material processing, and particularly relates to an automatic feeding device based on the pretreatment of biomass raw materials. Background Art

[0002] Biomass raw materials: Usually organic substances derived from organisms, mainly including agricultural waste, forestry waste, energy crops, aquatic plants, etc. And the organic substances can produce various products such as bioenergy, bio-based materials, and biochar through corresponding conversion technologies, such as pyrolysis, fermentation, or gasification.

[0003] Taking woody biomass charcoal as an example:

[0004] Woody biomass charcoal usually needs to go through processing and production processes such as raw material preparation, pyrolysis carbonization, and post-treatment. Among them, in pyrolysis carbonization, the pretreated woody biomass raw materials need to be continuously filled into the pyrolysis furnace. After pyrolysis carbonization is completed, the heating device of the pyrolysis furnace is turned off, and the biomass charcoal is allowed to cool naturally in the furnace or accelerated cooling is carried out by means of air cooling, water cooling, etc. After cooling, the biomass charcoal is taken out of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0005] However, there are the following problems during the filling process of woody biomass raw materials into the pyrolysis furnace:

[0006] For the crushed woody biomass raw materials, their particle sizes may not be completely consistent, that is, the volumes of some particles are not equal (although drying treatment has been carried out in the pretreatment stage, due to the performance limitations of drying equipment, the characteristics of the raw materials themselves, or the interference of the external environment, there is an uneven distribution of humidity inside the raw materials). The particle size difference will cause the relatively small particle raw materials to pyrolyze rapidly first during the pyrolysis process, while the relatively large particle raw materials do not react sufficiently, resulting in asynchronous pyrolysis reactions, affecting the quality and performance stability of biomass charcoal and reducing production efficiency.

[0007] In addition, the area of particle raw materials with relatively high humidity requires more heat to evaporate water during pyrolysis, which then causes a local temperature drop, affects the implementation state of the pyrolysis reaction, and even causes uneven carbonization degree of biomass charcoal, resulting in quality fluctuations.

[0008] The front and rear filling densities of the woody biomass raw material are inconsistent or unreasonable. That is, for traditional raw material filling, the raw material is usually filled into the pyrolysis furnace through a belt conveyor using a hopper. The interaction of the external environment, the vibration of the conveying equipment itself, and the uneven distribution of the raw material will all cause the density of the raw material filled into the pyrolysis furnace to be inconsistent before and after. If the filling density is too large, the gas generated during the pyrolysis process will be difficult to discharge, increasing the pressure inside the furnace and even possibly triggering a safety accident. At the same time, it is not conducive to the uniform transfer of heat, resulting in incomplete pyrolysis of some raw materials. If the filling density is too small, although the air permeability is relatively improved, the utilization rate of the furnace space is reduced, the pyrolysis efficiency slows down, and the production cost increases.

[0009] In addition, at the initial stage of pyrolysis, a certain amount of oxygen is required to initiate the pyrolysis reaction. If the air permeability is poor and the oxygen supply is insufficient, the pyrolysis reaction will proceed slowly or cannot be started smoothly. At the later stage of pyrolysis, poor air permeability will cause the generated gas to be unable to be discharged in time, affecting the continuous progress of pyrolysis and the quality of the products. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions. An automatic feeding device based on the pretreatment of biomass raw materials includes a silo. A main body unit is arranged outside the silo, a shearing unit is arranged at one end of the silo, and a dressing unit is arranged at the other end inside the silo.

[0011] The shearing unit includes:

[0012] A feed bin, arranged at one end outside the silo;

[0013] Rollers, rotatably and cooperatively installed at the end of the feed bin away from the silo and there are at least two. If there are multiple rollers, they are distributed in a wave pattern on the outer wall of the feed bin;

[0014] Knife bars, there is at least one, and they are clamped and cooperatively installed on the outer wall of the rollers;

[0015] A central gear and a side gear are respectively clamped and cooperatively installed on the outer wall of one end of different said rollers. If there are multiple rollers, the central gear and the side gear are alternately distributed; A filter plate, clamped and cooperatively installed inside the feed bin;

[0016] A mouth groove, opened at the middle position of the side wall of the filter plate;

[0017] A feed port, opened at the middle position of the outer wall of one side of the feed bin, and the feed port is directly opposite to the mouth groove;

[0018] A strip rail, clamped and cooperatively installed on the side wall of the filter plate away from the rollers, and the strip rail passes through the feed port.

[0019] Preferably, a hockey stick is rotatably installed at the central position of the silo. The outer wall of the hockey stick is evenly provided with notch grooves in an array, and the cross-sectional shape of the notch groove is three-quarter circle. The outer wall of the hockey stick is evenly distributed with panels that are snap-fitted and installed thereon. The outer wall of the panel is symmetrically snap-fitted and installed with electric heating plates. The end of the panel away from the axis of the hockey stick is snap-fitted and distributed with grid plates in an array, and heat-conducting sheets for heating are embedded in the grid plates. In addition, the width of the notch at the end of the grid plate away from the hockey stick is non-linearly distributed. A reinforcing rib that is snap-fitted and installed with the hockey stick is provided between two adjacent panels.

[0020] Preferably, a central shaft coaxial with it is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the hockey stick. The outer wall of the central shaft is snap-fitted and installed with end plates in an array, and the end plates are located between two adjacent panels. In addition, the end plates are slidably snap-fitted with the notch grooves. The end of the end plate away from the central shaft is snap-fitted and installed with toothed plates in an array, and the width of the notch at the end of the toothed plate away from the central shaft is linearly distributed. The outer walls of the end plates and the panels are symmetrically snap-fitted and installed with air pipes. The end of the air pipe away from the axis of the central shaft is snap-fitted and installed with air nozzles. The outer wall of the end of the central shaft away from the central gear is snap-fitted and installed with a sun gear. The outer wall of the hockey stick near the sun gear is snap-fitted and installed with a planetary carrier. Planetary gears meshing with the sun gear are circumferentially arranged on the end face of the planetary carrier away from the silo. A gear ring meshing with the planetary gear is snap-fitted and installed on the outer wall of the end face of the silo near the planetary carrier through a ring.

[0021] Preferably, a transfer chamber snap-fitted and installed with the outer wall of the silo is snap-fitted and installed on the end face of the silo near the silo bin. A wedge plate is snap-fitted and installed on the end face of the strip rail away from the roller. A sheet plate cooperating with the wedge plate is snap-fitted and installed on one inner wall of the transfer chamber. A telescopic air rod is snap-fitted and installed at the middle position of the end face of the wedge plate away from the filter screen through a mounting seat. A rubber mold is snap-fitted and installed at the end of the telescopic air rod away from the wedge plate, and the number of rubber molds is one.

[0022] Preferably, the main body unit includes:

[0023] A framework, arranged at the end of the silo bin away from the silo;

[0024] A high-engagement frame, snap-fitted and installed on the outer wall of the framework near the silo bin;

[0025] A carbonization furnace, snap-fitted and installed on the outer wall of the silo bin away from the silo;

[0026] A bracket, snap-fitted and installed at the middle position of the outer wall of the silo bin, and the bracket and the framework are detachably installed through bolts;

[0027] Two supports, symmetrically snap-fitted and installed at the middle position of one end of the end face of the framework near the silo bin, and the supports are snap-fitted and installed with the outer wall of the carbonization furnace;

[0028] The feeding conveyor is detachably installed at one end of the high gantry away from the silo through bolts, and is clamped and installed between the end of the feeding conveyor frame close to the silo and the silo.

[0029] The belt is sleeved and installed at the middle position of the feeding conveyor.

[0030] There are two angle plates, which are symmetrically clamped and installed on the end face of the feeding conveyor on the side away from the silo.

[0031] Preferably, the dressing unit includes:

[0032] The wall panel is clamped and installed at the middle position of the inner wall of the silo.

[0033] The base is clamped and installed at the middle position of the end face of the wall panel on the side close to the axis of the silo.

[0034] There are two telescopic movable columns, which are symmetrically clamped and installed on the end face of the base on the side away from the wall panel.

[0035] There is one electric telescopic rod, which is clamped and installed at the middle position of the end face of the base on the side away from the wall panel.

[0036] The square bin is clamped and installed at one end of the electric telescopic rod away from the base, and the square bin is clamped and installed with the telescopic movable column.

[0037] There are four spring columns, which penetrate the square bin and are distributed in a rectangle; in addition, the spring columns are slidably clamped and installed with the horizontal section of the square bin.

[0038] There is one bottom mold, which is arranged at one end of the square bin away from the base, and the bottom mold is slidably clamped and installed with the spring column.

[0039] There is at least one dot surface block, which is evenly clamped and distributed on the end face of the bottom mold on the side away from the base.

[0040] There are two C-shaped frame, which are symmetrically clamped and installed on the end face of the square bin on the side close to the base; in addition, the C-shaped frame and the spring column are distributed in a positive opposite manner.

[0041] Preferably, angle face frames are symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer wall of one end of the electric telescopic rod away from the base, and the angle face frames are clamped and installed with the square bin. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the angle face frame is L-shaped. A vertical rod is slidably installed in a penetrating manner at the middle position of the horizontal section of the angle face frame, and the vertical rod penetrates the square bin. A return spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the vertical rod between the square bin and the angle face frame. An electrode piece is clamped and installed at one end of the vertical rod close to the bottom mold, and side rails are symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer wall of the bottom mold.

[0042] Preferably, the outer wall of the modular warehouse is symmetrically and pluggably installed with T-section cylinders. The inner wall of the vertical section of the T-section cylinder is rotatably fitted with a camshaft. The inner wall of the horizontal section of the T-section cylinder near one end of the side rail is snap-fitted with a washer. The center of the washer is slidably snap-fitted with a ball rod. A telescopic spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the ball rod, and the telescopic spring is snap-fitted with the end face of the washer away from the side rail. The end of the ball rod away from the T-section cylinder is snap-fitted with a port ring that is slidably snap-fitted with the side rail of the cylinder.

[0043] Preferably, the tooth grooves and tooth profiles of a pair of the cutter bars on the outer walls of adjacent rollers are fully meshed, and the meshing degree between the tooth grooves and tooth profiles of the remaining cutter bars on the outer walls of adjacent rollers is half of the full meshing.

[0044] A method for unifying the particle size and filling density of biomass raw materials is realized by using the above-mentioned automatic feeding device based on the pretreatment of biomass raw materials. The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] S1: First, through the meshing action between the cutter bars in adjacent rollers, further shearing processing is performed on the biomass raw materials entering the inside of the feed bin. And through the differential rotation between a set of cutter bars in a fully meshed state, the cleanliness and consistency of the inner walls of the front and rear shearing tooth openings of the cutter bars are ensured.

[0046] S2: Then, through the reverse rotation between the sun gear and the planetary gears, the hockey stick and the central shaft are synchronously controlled to drive the panel and the end plate respectively to perform pendulum-like insertion movements on the inner wall of the filter plate. During this process, the biomass raw materials within the pore range of the filter plate are further sheared and agitated by the grid plate and the tooth plate, so that the biomass raw materials can smoothly pass through the filter plate. In addition, an instantaneous variable air pressure can be provided to the air nozzle through the air pipe to remove the biomass raw materials existing in the pores of the filter plate, fully ensuring the consistency of the particle sizes of the biomass raw materials passing through the pores of the filter plate before and after.

[0047] S3: Finally, through the eccentric rotation between the camshaft and the ball rod, and the elastic recovery property of the telescopic spring itself, the ball rod is made to control the port ring to also press the side rail, driving the bottom die to continuously reciprocate along the radial direction of the silo inside the modular warehouse, so as to provide a specified degree of linear vibration to the biomass inside the bottom die, which helps to improve the relative consistency and stability of the density of the biomass raw materials before and after inside the bottom die.

[0048] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. Through the meshing action between the knife bars, the present invention further shears the biomass raw materials entering the interior of the bin, which helps to reduce the differences between the biomass raw material particles, fully ensure the consistency of the particle sizes between the biomass raw materials, reduce the phenomenon of asynchronous pyrolysis reactions between the biomass raw materials, and improve the pyrolysis efficiency and quality stability of the biomass charcoal raw materials. At the same time, through the reverse rotation difference between the hockey stick and the central shaft, the panel and the end plate are respectively prompted to control the grid plate and the toothed plate, and perform an alternating pendulum shear on the biomass raw materials between the filter plates, further avoiding the accumulation and agglomeration between different particle biomass raw materials, and at the same time improving the air permeability and heat dissipation between different biomass raw materials, ensuring the dryness between the biomass raw materials, reducing the uneven pyrolysis reaction caused by the local temperature drop, and promoting the uniform carbonization degree of the biomass charcoal.

[0050] 2. Through the eccentric rotation between the camshaft and the ball bar, the present invention prompts the ball bar to control the port ring to squeeze the side rail under the guiding action of the washer. Thereafter, under the combined action of the reverse acting force of the side rail and the supporting and guiding of the spring column, the bottom die continuously reciprocates along the radial direction of the silo, so as to provide linear vibration processing for the biomass raw materials falling into the interior of the bottom die, which helps to fully ensure the uniformity and consistency of the biomass raw materials before and after in the bottom die, and at the same time stabilize the pressure inside the carbonization furnace, promote the full pyrolysis of the biomass raw materials, and ensure the product quality of the biomass charcoal. In addition, through the same stamping of the biomass raw materials inside the bottom die by the rubber die, the consistency of the biomass raw materials entering the carbonization furnace before and after is further ensured.

[0051] 3. Through the differential rotation between adjacent rollers, the present invention prompts a pair of knife bars between adjacent rollers to always be fully meshed, so as to ensure the cleanliness of the inner wall of the knife bar tooth opening, reduce the accumulation of biomass raw materials at the knife bar tooth opening, fully ensure the consistency of the front and back shearing of the biomass raw materials by the knife bar, and then ensure the identity of the particle sizes of the biomass raw materials falling into the interior of the bin, reduce the accumulation phenomenon between the biomass raw materials to a certain extent, and indirectly improve the air permeability between the biomass raw materials.

[0052] 4. The present invention synchronously drives the air pipes by the panel and the end plate to swing radially around the axis of the filter plate. At the same time, the vertical distance between the axes of the same group of air pipes is the same as the vertical distance between the axes of the middle holes of adjacent filter plates. In this way, when the air pipes swing, instantaneous blowing processing is provided to the filter plate holes that are distributed in the positive direction relative to them during the passing process through the air nozzles, so that the biomass raw materials deposited on the inner walls of the filter plate holes are separated from the filter plates under the action of the gas pressure, fully ensuring the consistency of the front and back screening of the filter plate holes, and further ensuring the uniformity of the particle sizes between the biomass raw materials in the bottom die. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the partial structure of the shearing unit of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 2 The partial structure plan view (the transfer chamber is omitted).

[0056] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structure display diagram of the roll and the cutter bar thereon of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 5 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 2 The top view plan view of the structure (the roll and the cutter bar are omitted).

[0058] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional plan view of the internal structure of the silo and the transfer chamber of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of another part of the shearing unit of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 8 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 7 The three-dimensional display diagram of the partial structure.

[0061] Figure 9 It is a plan view of the end plate and the partial structure thereon of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the silo and its internal structure of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 11 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the internal structure of the silo of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 12 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the partial structure of the dressing unit of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 13 It is an attachment of the present invention Figure 12 The three-dimensional display diagram of the partial structure from another perspective.

[0066] Figure 14 It is a plan view of the internal structure of the T-section cylinder of the present invention.

[0067] Reference numerals in the figure: 1. Silo; 2. Main body unit; 3. Shearing unit; 4. Dressing unit;

[0068] 21. Skeleton; 22. High-integration frame; 23. Carbonization furnace; 24. Bracket; 25. Support; 26. Feeding conveyor; 27. Belt; 28. Angle plate;

[0069] 31. Silo; 32. Coiling roller; 33. Knife bar; 34. Central gear; 35. Side gear; 36. Filter plate; 37. Mouth groove; 38. Feeding port; 39. Strip rail;

[0070] 311. Hockey stick; 312. Fracture groove; 313. Panel; 314. Electric heating plate; 315. Grid plate; 316. Reinforcing rib;

[0071] 321. Central shaft; 322. End plate; 323. Tooth plate; 324. Air pipe; 325. Air nozzle; 326. Sun gear; 327. Planet carrier; 328. Planet gear; 329. Ring gear;

[0072] 331. Adapter chamber; 332. Wedge plate; 333. Sheet plate; 334. Telescopic air rod; 335. Rubber mold;

[0073] 41. Wall panel; 42. Base; 43. Telescopic movable column; 44. Electric telescopic rod; 45. Square silo; 46. Spring column; 47. Bottom mold; 48. Dot surface block; 49. C-shaped mouth frame;

[0074] 421. Angular surface frame; 422. Vertical rod; 423. Return spring; 424. Electrode plate; 425. Side rail;

[0075] 431. T-section cylinder; 432. Camshaft; 433. Washer; 434. Ball rod; 435. Telescopic spring; 436. Port ring. Detailed implementation mode

[0076] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0077] It should be noted that the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation mode.

[0078] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0079] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 10 It can be seen that the automatic feeding device based on the pretreatment of biomass raw materials includes a silo 1, a main body unit 2 is arranged outside the silo 1, a shearing unit 3 is arranged at one end of the silo 1, and a dressing unit 4 is arranged at the other end inside the silo 1;

[0080] Refer to Figure 1It can be known that the main body unit 2 includes: a skeleton 21 disposed at one end of the silo 1 away from the bin 31; a high-combination frame 22 snap-fitted and installed on the outer wall of the skeleton 21 near one end of the silo 1; a carbonization furnace 23 snap-fitted and installed on the outer wall of the silo 1 away from the bin 31; a bracket 24 snap-fitted and installed at the middle position of the outer wall of the silo 1, and the bracket 24 and the skeleton 21 are detachably installed by bolts; two supports 25 symmetrically snap-fitted and installed at the middle position of one end of the end face of the skeleton 21 near the silo 1, and the supports 25 are snap-fitted and installed with the outer wall of the carbonization furnace 23.

[0081] A feeding conveyor 26 is detachably installed by bolts at one end of the high-combination frame 22 away from the silo 1, and the end of the feeding conveyor near the silo 1 is snap-fitted and installed with the bin 31; a belt 27 is sleeved and installed at the middle position of the feeding conveyor 26; two angle plates 28 are symmetrically snap-fitted and installed on the end face of the feeding conveyor 26 away from the silo 1.

[0082] The bracket 24, the silo 1, the supports 25, and the carbonization furnace 23 prevent external factors such as external collisions from affecting the stability of the main body unit 2, the shearing unit 3, and the dressing unit 4. At the same time, sufficient supporting forces are provided to the silo 1 and the carbonization furnace 23 through the bracket 24 and the supports 25 respectively, thereby ensuring the overall operation safety of the silo 1 and the carbonization furnace 23.

[0083] The skeleton 21 and the high-combination frame 22: The skeleton 21 has relatively good wear resistance and compressive resistance, which can further enable the bracket 24 and the supports 25 to withstand certain pressure and tension, ensuring the long-term use effectiveness and reliability of the bracket 24 and the supports 25. At the same time, through the reasonable distribution between the high-combination frame 22 and the skeleton 21, the feasibility of the feeding conveyor 26 to fill the biomass raw materials into the silo 1 is ensured.

[0084] Process of transporting biomass raw materials into the bin 31:

[0085] First, the operator places the pretreated biomass raw materials at the feeding end of the feeding conveyor 26.

[0086] Then, due to the reciprocating rotation characteristic of the belt 27 (in specific implementation, the cooperation between the conveying roller and the external motor can be used to ensure the operation feasibility between the belt 27 and the feeding conveyor 26), the biomass raw materials at the feeding end of the feeding conveyor 26 are moved to the other end of the feeding conveyor 26.

[0087] Finally, during the process of conveying biomass raw materials to the belt 27 through the angle plate 28, a certain degree of guidance is provided. On the one hand, it avoids the escape of biomass raw materials to the transmission components during the conveying process, that is, it ensures the stability and long-term effectiveness of the belt 27 in conveying; on the other hand, it reduces the shedding of biomass raw materials during the conveying process of the belt 27, saving production costs.

[0088] Referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the shearing unit 3 includes: a silo 31, arranged at one end outside the silo 1; a roller 32, rotatably and fittingly installed at one end of the silo 31 away from the silo 1 and there are at least two of them. If there are multiple ones, they are distributed in a wavy pattern on the outer wall of the silo 31; a knife strip 33, with at least one, and snap-fittingly installed on the outer wall of the roller 32; a central gear 34 and a side gear 35 are respectively snap-fittingly installed on the outer wall of one end of different rollers 32. If there are multiple rollers 32, the central gear 34 and the side gear 35 are alternately distributed; a filter plate 36, snap-fittingly installed inside the silo 31; a mouth groove 37, opened at the middle position of the side wall of the filter plate 36; a material port 38, opened at the middle position of one side outer wall of the silo 31, and the material port 38 is directly opposite to the mouth groove 37; a strip rail 39, snap-fittingly installed on the side wall of the filter plate 36 away from the roller 32, and the strip rail 39 passes through the material port 38;

[0089] Referring to Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that a hockey stick 311 rotatably and fittingly installed with the silo 31 is arranged at the central position of the silo 31. The outer wall of the hockey stick 311 is evenly provided with notch grooves 312 in an array pattern, and the cross-sectional shape of the notch groove 312 is three-quarter circle. The outer wall of the hockey stick 311 is evenly distributed with panels 313 snap-fittingly installed with it. The outer wall of the panel 313 is symmetrically snap-fittingly installed with electric heating plates 314. The end of the panel 313 away from the axis of the hockey stick 311 is snap-fittingly distributed with grid plates 315 in an array pattern, and heat-conducting sheets for heating are embedded inside the grid plates 315. In addition, the width of the notch at the end of the grid plate 315 away from the hockey stick 311 is non-linearly distributed. A reinforcing rib 316 snap-fittingly installed with the hockey stick 311 is arranged between two adjacent panels 313;

[0090] Referring to Figure 2 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9It can be seen that a central shaft 321 coaxially arranged with the inner wall of the hockey stick 311 is rotatably fitted and installed. The outer wall of the central shaft 321 is fitted and installed with end plates in an array manner, and the end plate 322 is located between two adjacent panels 313. In addition, the end plate 322 is slidably and snap-fitted with the fracture groove 312. The end of the end plate 322 away from the central shaft 321 is snap-fitted with toothed plates 323 in an array manner. The slot width at the end of the toothed plate 323 away from the central shaft 321 is linearly distributed. The outer walls of the end plate 322 and the panel 313 are symmetrically snap-fitted with air pipes 324. The end of the air pipe 324 away from the axis of the central shaft 321 is snap-fitted with a nozzle 325;

[0091] A sun gear 326 is snap-fitted on the outer wall of the central shaft 321 away from the central gear 34. A planet carrier 327 is snap-fitted on the outer wall of the hockey stick 311 near the sun gear 326. Planetary gears 328 meshing with the sun gear 326 are circumferentially arranged on the end face of the planet carrier 327 away from the silo 31. A gear ring 329 meshing with the planetary gear 328 is snap-fitted on the outer wall of the end face of the silo 31 near the planet carrier 327 through a ring.

[0092] The preliminary shearing process of the biomass raw materials falling into the silo 31 by the shearing unit 3:

[0093] It should be noted that since the two central gears 34 and the two side gears 35 distributed alternately are meshed with each other in pairs, in actual implementation, only an external motor needs to be added outside to drive the roller 32 near the feeding conveyor 26 to rotate:

[0094] When the aforementioned roller 32 rotates, since the central gear 34 and the side gear 35 are meshed with each other in pairs, at this time, the four rollers 32 synchronously drive the cutter bars 33 at the corresponding positions to rotate, and the rotation directions of the cutter bars 33 on the outer walls of the adjacent rollers 32 are opposite;

[0095] In this process, the biomass raw materials continuously falling into the silo 31 by the belt 27 first emerge between the cutter bars 33 (there are inevitably certain differences in the particle sizes of the biomass raw materials after pretreatment (rough processing). When the biomass raw materials fall onto the working surfaces of the two meshed cutter bars 33, the cutter bars 33 provide further shearing processing to the biomass raw materials, which helps to fully ensure the consistency of the particle sizes of the biomass raw materials falling onto the filter plate 36);

[0096] How to ensure the consistency of the shearing of the front and rear biomass raw materials by the cutter bars 33:

[0097] There is a certain rotational speed difference between adjacent rollers 32: This ensures that the meshing points between the cutter bars 33 at adjacent but different rollers 32 are different before and after, and then ensures that when a cutter bar 33 at point a (or c) rotates, it can be fully meshed with each cutter bar 33 at point b (or d) at different time periods (specifically, please refer to the appendix Figure 3 )

[0098] During this process, the residual biomass raw materials on the inner wall of the tooth openings of the fully meshed cutter bars 33 will be completely cut off under the mutual shearing action, which helps to ensure the meshing consistency of adjacent cutter bars 33 during the front and back shearing processes (the meshing degree between the tooth grooves and tooth profiles of the other cutter bars 33 on the outer walls of adjacent rollers 32 is half of the full meshing degree. The purpose is to limit the shearing degree of the biomass raw materials by adjacent cutter bars 33 and at the same time standardize the identity of the particle size of the biomass raw materials after being sheared by the cutter bars 33), thereby indirectly improving the shearing consistency of the front and back cutter bars 33 for the biomass raw materials;

[0099] The further shearing and screening process of the biomass raw materials passing through the filter plate 36 by the shearing unit 3:

[0100] First, the sun gear 326 is controlled to rotate by the central shaft 321. Specifically, during implementation, the central shaft 321 can be driven to rotate by an external motor (the rotation mode is alternating forward and reverse). During this process, under the meshing action of the sun gear 326, the planetary gear 328 synchronously controls the planetary carrier 327 to drive the hockey stick 311 to rotate (since the ring gear 329 is fixedly connected to the bin 31 through a ring, only the planetary carrier 327 and the central shaft 321 rotate at this time, and their rotation directions are opposite);

[0101] Next, the panel 313 and the end plate 322 respectively drive the grid plate 315 and the tooth plate 323 synchronously under the control of the hockey stick 311 and the central shaft 321, and perform alternating pendulum shearing on the biomass raw materials accumulated in the pore area of the filter plate 36 (specifically, during implementation, the single rotation amplitude of the panel 313 and the end plate 322 is at most three-eighths of the opening angle of the filter plate 36; in addition, the overall pores of the filter plate 36 only account for one-fourth of the opening angle of the filter plate 36), further avoiding the accumulation and agglomeration between biomass raw material particles, improving the air permeability and heat dissipation between different biomass raw materials at the same time, ensuring the dryness of the biomass raw materials, reducing the uneven pyrolysis reaction caused by the local temperature drop, and promoting the uniform carbonization degree of the biomass charcoal;

[0102] During this process, through the heat conduction of the electric heating plate 314 and the heat conducting sheets embedded in the grid plate 315 (tooth plate 323), further drying treatment can be provided to the biomass raw materials in the working area, further reducing the accumulation phenomenon of biomass particles caused by humidity factors;

[0103] Finally, the trachea 324 is synchronously driven by the panel 313 and the end plate 322 to swing radially around the axis of the filter plate 36. At the same time, the vertical distance between the axes of the tracheas 324 in the same group is the same as the vertical distance between the axes of the middle holes of the adjacent filter plates 36. In this way, when the trachea 324 swings, the nozzle 325 provides instantaneous blowing processing to the holes of the filter plate 36 that are distributed in the positive direction relative to it during the passing process (in specific implementation, the trachea 324 can be connected to an external driving air pump through an external hose, and then the external air pump provides processing gas to the nozzle 325), so that the biomass raw materials deposited on the inner wall of the holes of the filter plate 36 are separated from the filter plate 36 under the action of gas pressure, fully ensuring the consistency of the screening before and after the holes of the filter plate 36, and further ensuring the uniformity of the particle size between the biomass raw materials in the bottom mold 47;

[0104] It is hereby explained that the processing of the nozzle 325 is usually started at the end of the specified cycle screening;

[0105] The purpose of the non-linear distribution of the notch width at the end of the grid plate 315 away from the hockey stick 311 and the linear distribution of the notch width at the end of the toothed plate 323 away from the central axis 321:

[0106] Through the linkage cooperation between the notch of the non-linear grid plate 315 and the notch of the linear toothed plate 323, the biomass raw materials in the area of the filter plate 36 are screened more carefully;

[0107] The biomass raw material stacking treatment plan in the area of the filter plate 36:

[0108] It is hereby explained that the position of the mouth groove 37 is the limit position of the swing of the end plate 322, that is, when the end plate 322 rotates to the limit angle, there is an intersection with the mouth groove 37;

[0109] When there is a large amount of biomass raw material accumulation in the hole area of the filter plate 36 (at this time, the biomass raw material cannot effectively pass through the filter plate 36 and enter the next layer):

[0110] The end plate 322 and the panel 313 are controlled by the central axis 321 and the hockey stick 311 to drive the toothed plate 323 and the grid plate 315 to deflect to the limit angle. During this process, the aforementioned accumulated biomass raw materials (partially), when the end plate 322 or the panel 313 swings once, continuously fall to the strip rail 39 through the mouth groove 37, and finally flow to the external collection device through the strip rail 39 and the material port 38 (in specific implementation, the biomass raw materials in the collection device can be transported to the inside of the silo 31 again through a transportation device, and continuously sheared in a cycle until the particle size of the biomass raw materials remains relatively consistent).

[0111] Refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6It can be seen that a transfer chamber 331 which is clamped and installed with the outer wall of the silo 1 is clamped and installed on one end face of the bin 31 close to the silo 1. A wedge plate 332 is clamped and installed on one end face of the strip rail 39 far from the winding roller 32. A sheet plate 333 which is matched with the wedge plate 332 is clamped and installed on one inner wall of the transfer chamber 331. A telescopic air rod 334 is clamped and installed at the middle position of one end face of the wedge plate 332 far from the filter screen through a mounting seat. A rubber mold 335 is clamped and installed at one end of the telescopic air rod 334 far from the wedge plate 332, and the number of the rubber molds 335 is one.

[0112] Referring to Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 It can be seen that the dressing unit 4 includes: a wall plate 41 which is clamped and installed at the middle position of the inner wall of the silo 1; a base 42 which is clamped and installed at the middle position of one end face of the wall plate 41 close to the axis of the silo 1; two telescopic movable columns 43 which are symmetrically clamped and installed at one end face of the base 42 far from the wall plate 41; one electric telescopic rod 44 which is clamped and installed at the middle position of one end face of the base 42 far from the wall plate 41; a square bin 45 which is clamped and installed at one end of the electric telescopic rod 44 far from the base 42, and the square bin 45 is clamped and matched with the telescopic movable column 43 for installation.

[0113] Four spring columns 46 penetrate through the square bin 45 and are distributed in a rectangle. In addition, the spring columns 46 are slidably clamped and matched with the horizontal section of the square bin 45; one bottom mold 47 is arranged at one end of the square bin 45 far from the base 42, and the bottom mold 47 is slidably clamped and matched with the spring columns 46; at least one dot surface block 48 is evenly clamped and distributed on one end face of the bottom mold 47 far from the base 42; two C-shaped frame 49 are symmetrically clamped and installed at one end face of the square bin 45 close to the base 42. In addition, the C-shaped frame 49 and the spring columns 46 are distributed in a positive opposite manner.

[0114] Referring to Figure 12 and Figure 13 It can be seen that angular surface frames 421 are symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer wall of one end of the electric telescopic rod 44 far from the base 42, and the angular surface frames 421 are clamped and matched with the square bin 45. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the angular surface frame 421 is L-shaped. A vertical rod 422 is slidably installed in a penetrating manner at the middle position of the horizontal section of the angular surface frame 421, and the vertical rod 422 penetrates through the square bin 45. A return spring 423 is sleeved on the outer wall of the vertical rod 422 and is located between the square bin 45 and the angular surface frame 421. An electrode plate 424 is clamped and installed at one end of the vertical rod 422 close to the bottom mold 47. Side rails 425 are symmetrically clamped and installed on the outer wall of the bottom mold 47.

[0115] Referring to Figure 11 and Figure 14It can be seen that the outer wall of the square bin 45 is symmetrically and pluggably installed with a T-section cylinder 431. The inner wall of the vertical section of the T-section cylinder 431 is rotatably fitted with a camshaft 432. A washer 433 is clamped and installed on the inner wall of the horizontal section of the T-section cylinder 431 near one end of the side rail 425. A ball rod 434 is slidably clamped and fitted at the center of the washer 433. A telescopic spring 435 is sleeved on the outer wall of the ball rod 434, and the telescopic spring 435 is clamped and fitted with the end face of the washer 433 away from the side rail 425. The end of the ball rod 434 away from the T-section cylinder 431 is clamped and installed with a mouth ring 436 that is slidably clamped and fitted with the side rail 425.

[0116] Process to ensure the relative consistency of the biomass raw materials falling into the bottom die 47 each time:

[0117] First, through the combined guidance of the wedge plate 332 and the sheet plate 333, the biomass raw materials passing through the filter plate 36 are promoted to orderly fall into the bottom die 47 within a unit time. At this time, the mass of the biomass raw materials inside the bottom die 47 continuously increases;

[0118] Next, under the action of gravity, the bottom die 47 overcomes the elastic variable of the spring column 46 itself until the electrode plate 424 contacts the end face of the bottom die 47 near the wall plate 41 (in specific implementation, the end plate 322 on the side of the bottom die 47 near the wall plate 41 can be set as a conductive polymer material). At this time, the biomass raw materials inside the bottom die 47 reach the single-time collection interval. At the same time, the end plate 322 and the panel 313 in the shear unit 3 no longer swing (that is, the biomass raw materials in the filter plate 36 area no longer flow, and the biomass raw materials no longer pass through the filter plate 36);

[0119] After that, through the eccentric rotation between the camshaft 432 and the ball rod 434 (in specific implementation, the camshaft 432 can be driven to rotate by an internal motor), the ball rod 434 is promoted under the guiding action of the washer 433 to control the mouth ring 436 to squeeze the side rail 425. After that, under the combined action of the reverse force of the side rail 425 and the support and guidance of the spring column 46, the bottom die 47 continuously reciprocates along the radial direction of the silo 1 (the telescopic spring 435 ensures that the ball rod 434 can always return to the initial state), so as to provide linear vibration processing to the biomass raw materials falling into the bottom die 47, which helps to fully ensure the uniformity and consistency of the biomass raw materials before and after inside the bottom die 47;

[0120] Finally, the rubber mold 335 moves toward the bottom mold 47 under the control of the telescopic gas rod 334 until a stamping is completed (the point surface block 48 is used to increase the concave-convexity of the end surface of the compressed biomass raw material. When the end surface of the compressed cake-shaped body is concave-convex, the concave-convex structure of its surface can increase its surface area in contact with the external gas. The concave and convex parts are like tiny channels and vents. The gas flows more easily in these complex surface structures. In the pyrolysis process, the aforementioned concave-convex end surface can allow oxygen to enter the interior of the biomass raw material more smoothly, thereby promoting the start of the pyrolysis reaction);

[0121] Mouth frame 49: The movement distance of the spring column 46 is limited by the mouth frame 49. On the one hand, it ensures that the bottom mold 47 can move a certain distance when the gravity changes; on the other hand, when the rubber mold 335 is stamped, the mutual squeezing force between the spring column 46 and the mouth frame 49 is used to ensure the stamping stability and feasibility between the bottom mold 47 and the rubber mold 335.

[0122] The working principle of the automatic feeding device based on biomass raw material pretreatment provided by the present invention is as follows: Step 1: First, the biomass raw materials entering the silo 31 are further sheared through the meshing action between the blades 33 in the adjacent rollers 32, and the cleanliness and consistency of the inner wall of the front and rear shearing teeth of the blades 33 are ensured through the differential rotation between a group of blades 33 in a fully meshed state;

[0123] Step 2: Then, through the reverse rotation between the sun gear 326 and the planetary gear 328, the hockey stick 311 and the central shaft 321 are synchronously controlled to drive the panel 313 and the end plate 322 respectively, and make a pendulum-like interlaced movement on the inner wall of the filter plate 36. In this process, the biomass raw materials in the mesh range of the filter plate 36 are further sheared and moved by the grid plate 315 and the tooth plate 323, so that the biomass raw materials can pass through the filter plate 36 smoothly. In addition, the air pipe 324 can provide instantaneous changing air pressure to the air nozzle 325, so as to remove the biomass raw materials in the mesh of the filter plate 36, and fully ensure the consistency of the particle size of the biomass raw materials passing through the mesh of the filter plate 36.

[0124] Step 3: Finally, through the eccentric rotation between the camshaft 432 and the ball rod 434, and the elastic recovery property of the telescopic spring 435 itself, the ball rod 434 controls the mouth ring 436 and also arranges to compress the side rail 425, driving the bottom mold 47 to continuously reciprocate along the radial direction of the silo 1 inside the square bin 45, thereby providing a specified degree of linear vibration to the biomass in the bottom mold 47, which helps to improve the relative consistency and stability of the density of the front and rear biomass raw materials inside the bottom mold 47.

[0125] The circuits and controls involved in the present invention are all prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0126] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural or equivalent process transformations made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic feeding device based on pretreatment of biomass raw materials, comprising a silo (1), characterized in that: The silo (1) is provided with a main body unit (2) outside, a shearing unit (3) is provided at one end of the silo (1), and a dressing unit (4) is provided at the other end inside the silo (1); The shearing unit (3) comprises: A silo (31) is arranged at one end outside the silo (1); Rollers (32) are rotatably mounted on an end of the silo (31) away from the silo (1) and are at least two in number. If there are multiple rollers, they are distributed in a wave-like manner on the outer wall of the silo (31); There is at least one blade strip (33) which is mounted on the outer wall of the winding roller (32) in a snap-fitting manner; The central gear (34) and the side gear (35) are respectively mounted on the outer wall of one end of different winding rollers (32) by snap-fitting. If there are multiple winding rollers (32), the central gear (34) and the side gear (35) are alternately distributed. A filter plate (36) is mounted in a snap-fit ​​manner inside the silo (31); A slot (37) is provided in the middle of the side wall of the filter plate (36); The material opening (38) is provided at the middle position of the outer wall of one side of the material bin (31), and the material opening (38) and the opening groove (37) are arranged opposite to each other; A rail (39) is mounted on a side wall of the filter plate (36) at one end away from the roller (32) by snap-fitting, and the rail (39) penetrates the material opening (38); A hockey stick (311) is disposed at the center of the silo (311) and is rotatably mounted therewith. The outer wall of the hockey stick (311) is evenly provided with fracture grooves (312) in an array, and the cross-sectional shape of the fracture grooves (312) is a three-quarter ring. Panels (313) are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the hockey stick (311) and are mounted therewith in a clip-fitting manner. An electric heating plate (314) is symmetrically mounted on the outer wall of the panel (313) in a clip-fitting manner. A grid plate (315) is clip-fittedly distributed on one end of the panel (313) away from the axis of the hockey stick (311) in an array, and a heat conducting sheet for supplying heat is embedded in the grid plate (315). In addition, the width of the groove of the grid plate (315) at the end away from the hockey stick (311) is nonlinearly distributed. A reinforcing rib (316) is disposed between two adjacent panels (313) and is clip-fittedly mounted therewith. The inner wall of the hockey stick (311) is rotatably mounted with a central axis (321) coaxially arranged therewith, and the outer wall of the central axis (321) is mounted with an end plate in an array-type snap-fitting manner, and the end plate (322) is located between two adjacent panels (313). In addition, the end plate (322) is mounted with the fracture groove (312) in a sliding snap-fitting manner, and a tooth plate (323) is mounted in an array-type snap-fitting manner at one end of the end plate (322) away from the central axis (321), and the groove width of the tooth plate (323) at one end away from the central axis (321) is linearly distributed, and the end plate (322) and the outer wall of the panel (313) are both symmetrically snap-fitted with an air pipe (324) ), an air nozzle (325) is mounted in a snap-fitting manner on one end of the air pipe (324) away from the axis of the central shaft (321), a sun gear (326) is mounted in a snap-fitting manner on the outer wall of one end of the central shaft (321) away from the central gear (34), a planet carrier (327) is mounted in a snap-fitting manner on the outer wall of one end of the hockey stick (311) close to the sun gear (326), a planet gear (328) meshingly mounted with the sun gear (326) is circumferentially arranged on the end surface of the planet carrier (327) away from the silo (31), and a gear ring (329) meshingly mounted with the planet gear (328) is mounted in a snap-fitting manner on the outer wall of the end surface of the silo (31) close to the planet carrier (327) through a circular ring; The dressing unit (4) comprises: A wall plate (41) is mounted in a snap-fit ​​manner at a middle position of the inner wall of the silo (1); A base (42) is mounted on the wall plate (41) at a middle position of an end surface on one side close to the axis of the silo (1); Two telescopic movable columns (43) are symmetrically mounted on the end surface of the base (42) away from the wall plate (41); One electric telescopic rod (44) is mounted on the base (42) at a middle position of the end surface on a side away from the wall plate (41); The square bin (45) is mounted on the end of the electric telescopic rod (44) away from the base (42), and the square bin (45) is mounted on the telescopic movable column (43) by being mounted in a cooperating manner; There are four spring columns (46) which penetrate the square bin (45) and are arranged in a rectangular shape. In addition, the spring columns (46) are slidably engaged with the horizontal section of the square bin (45) for installation. A bottom mold (47), one in number, is disposed at one end of the square bin (45) away from the base (42), and the bottom mold (47) is slidably engaged with the spring column (46); There is at least one dot noodle block (48) which is evenly distributed and clamped on the end surface of the bottom mold (47) away from the base (42); There are two opening frames (49) which are symmetrically mounted on the end surface of the square bin (45) close to the base (42). In addition, the opening frames (49) are arranged opposite to the spring column (46).

2. The automatic feeding device based on biomass raw material pretreatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The end surface of the silo (31) close to the silo (1) is snap-fitted with a transfer chamber (331) snap-fitted with the outer wall of the silo (1); the end surface of the rail (39) away from the roller (32) is snap-fitted with a wedge plate (332); a sheet plate (333) matching the wedge plate (332) is snap-fitted with an inner wall of one side of the transfer chamber (331); a telescopic gas rod (334) is snap-fitted with a mounting seat at a middle position of an end surface of the wedge plate (332) away from the filter screen; a rubber mold (335) is snap-fitted with one end of the telescopic gas rod (334) away from the wedge plate (332), and the number of the rubber mold (335) is one.

3. The automatic feeding device based on biomass raw material pretreatment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The main unit (2) comprises: A frame (21) is arranged at one end of the silo (1) away from the silo (31); A high-mounted frame (22) is mounted on the outer wall of one end of the frame (21) close to the silo (1) by snap-fitting; The carbonization furnace (23) is mounted on the outer wall of the silo (1) at one end away from the material silo (31) by snap-fitting; The bracket (24) is mounted in a snap-fit ​​manner at a middle position of the outer wall of the silo (1), and the bracket (24) is detachably mounted on the frame (21) by means of bolts; Two supports (25) are symmetrically mounted in a snap-fit ​​manner at a middle position of one end of the frame (21) close to the silo (1), and the supports (25) are snap-fitted and mounted on the outer wall of the carbonization furnace (23); The feeding conveyor (26) is detachably mounted on the end of the high-rise frame (22) away from the silo (1) by means of bolts, and the end of the feeding conveyor frame close to the silo (1) is mounted by snap-fitting with the silo (31); A belt (27) is sleeved and installed at the middle position of the feeding conveyor (26); There are two corner plates (28) which are symmetrically mounted on the end surface of the feeding conveyor (26) away from the silo (1) by snap-fitting.

4. The automatic feeding device based on biomass raw material pretreatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the electric telescopic rod (44) at one end away from the base (42) is symmetrically mounted with an angle frame (421) in a snap-fitting manner, and the angle frame (421) is snap-fittingly mounted with the square bin (45). In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the angle frame (421) is L-shaped, and a vertical rod (422) is mounted in a through-type sliding manner in the middle of the horizontal section of the angle frame (421), and the vertical rod (422) penetrates the square bin (45). A return spring (423) located between the square bin (45) and the angle frame (421) is sleeved and mounted on the outer wall of the vertical rod (422), and an electrode sheet (424) is snap-fittingly mounted on one end of the vertical rod (422) close to the bottom mold (47), and a side rail (425) is symmetrically snap-fittingly mounted on the outer wall of the bottom mold (47).

5. The automatic feeding device based on biomass raw material pretreatment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the square bin (45) is symmetrically plugged with a T-section tube (431), the inner wall of the vertical section of the T-section tube (431) is rotatably mounted with a camshaft (432), the inner wall of the horizontal section of the T-section tube (431) close to the side rail (425) is clamped with a washer (433), the axis of the washer (433) is slidably clamped with a ball rod (434), the outer wall of the ball rod (434) is sleeved with a telescopic spring (435), and the telescopic spring (435) is clamped with an end face of the washer (433) away from the side rail (425), and the end of the ball rod (434) away from the T-section tube (431) is clamped with a mouth ring (436) slidably clamped with the tube side rail (425).

6. The automatic feeding device based on biomass raw material pretreatment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tooth grooves of a pair of blade strips (33) on the outer walls of adjacent rollers (32) are fully meshed with the tooth profile, and the meshing degree between the tooth grooves of the remaining blade strips (33) on the outer walls of adjacent rollers (32) and the tooth profile is half of the full meshing degree.

Images