Broken rock mass pressure-bearing deformation-seepage-grouting visual test device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fractured rock mass pressure-bearing deformation-seepage-grouting visual test device and method, relates to the technical field of test devices, and aims to solve the problem of grouting reinforcement of water-rich fractured rock mass in the field of underground engineering. The device comprises a base, a transparent test bin, an axial pressure chamber, an axial pressure head, a pressure plate and other key components, and can realize the pressure-bearing deformation, seepage and grouting integrated test operation of the fractured rock mass under the cyclic dynamic load condition. The ballasting and seepage phenomena are simulated by applying axial pressure and water pressure, and grouting tests at different positions are simulated through grouting. The method comprises the steps of test preparation, cyclic dynamic load test, seepage test, grouting test, test data recording and storage, pressure unloading, test device resetting and the like. The test device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, grouting reinforcement of unfavorable geologic bodies can be simulated, visualization of the test process is achieved, the slurry diffusion rule is visually reflected, and scientific basis and technical support are provided for underground engineering construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of test devices, and in particular to a visual test device and method for crushed rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting. Background Art

[0002] In the field of underground engineering, water-rich broken rock mass is a common unfavorable geological body. Due to the broken rock mass, water content, and the presence of mud cement and weathered debris, its bearing capacity is poor, which brings great safety hazards to the excavation and construction of underground engineering. In order to meet this challenge, grouting technology has been widely used in underground engineering as an effective means of governance, especially in water-rich broken strata. The pre-grouting method is widely used to strengthen and improve the water-proof performance of the surrounding rock to ensure the safety and stable operation of underground engineering.

[0003] However, in the process of simulating the pressure of broken rock mass, traditional test devices often cannot clearly and intuitively observe the diffusion law of fluid and slurry in the medium, nor can they realize the simultaneous water injection and grouting, which limits the accurate evaluation of the grouting effect. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out the simultaneous visualization test of seepage-grouting of broken rock in the process of pressure deformation. In order to better simulate and study this process and accurately reflect the influence of factors such as osmotic pressure and normal stress on parameters such as slurry diffusion path and diffusion rate, a visualization test device and method for crushed rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting under cyclic dynamic load conditions is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device and method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device, comprising:

[0006] Base;

[0007] A transparent test chamber is supported above the base and is used to contain the broken rock samples; a plurality of columns are fixedly connected to the base on the periphery of the transparent test chamber;

[0008] An axial pressure chamber is detachably fixed on the plurality of columns. An axial pressure head is provided in the axial pressure chamber for piston-type reciprocating sliding. The bottom of the axial pressure head penetrates the axial pressure chamber and is connected to a pressure plate. The axial pressure head drives the pressure plate to reciprocate up and down in the transparent test chamber to perform cyclic dynamic load on the broken rock sample.

[0009] A pressure water tank is provided inside the pressure plate, and a plurality of seepage holes are provided at the bottom thereof; the bottom of the transparent test tank is connected to a water storage tank through a water outlet pipeline;

[0010] The transparent test chamber is also connected to the grouting tank and the grouting pump through a grouting pipeline.

[0011] The above structure is intended to provide a test device with simple structure, convenient operation, and the ability to simulate grouting reinforcement of unfavorable geological bodies such as faults, so as to meet the growing needs of scientific research and engineering.

[0012] Preferably, the grouting pipeline includes a test chamber bottom grouting pipeline connected to the bottom of the transparent test chamber and a test chamber center grouting pipeline connected to the middle of the transparent test chamber. The test chamber bottom grouting pipeline and the test chamber center grouting pipeline are connected to the slurry storage tank through the main pipeline after they intersect.

[0013] Preferably, pressure gauges are respectively connected to the grouting pipeline at the bottom of the test chamber and the grouting pipeline at the center of the test chamber, and a flow meter is connected to the main pipeline.

[0014] Preferably, the axial pressure head divides the axial pressure chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the upper chamber is connected to the upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline, the lower chamber is connected to the lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline, the upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline and the lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline are connected to the oil tank and the hydraulic pump through a main oil pipeline.

[0015] Preferably, the upper oil inlet / outlet pipeline and the lower oil inlet / outlet pipeline are both connected with pressure gauges, and the main oil pipeline is connected with a flow meter.

[0016] Preferably, the hydraulic pump is electrically connected to a control system.

[0017] Preferably, the pressure water tank is connected to a water tank and a water pressure pump via a water inlet pipeline, and the water pressure pump is electrically connected to the control system.

[0018] Preferably, the test device further comprises an axial strain gauge connected between the top end of the axial pressure head and the axial pressure chamber.

[0019] Preferably, the axial pressure chamber is fixed above each column by bolts.

[0020] Preferably, the bottom of the transparent test chamber is supported by a test chamber pillar so as to raise the bottom thereof and facilitate connection of the water outlet pipeline and the grouting pipeline at the bottom of the test chamber.

[0021] Preferably, the outer shape of the pressure plate is adapted to the inner wall shape of the transparent test chamber, and is preferably circular.

[0022] Preferably, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are connected with a flow meter, a pressure gauge and a ball valve.

[0023] Preferably, one end of the water inlet pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the pressure plate and is connected to the pressure water tank.

[0024] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test method, using any of the above-mentioned broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test devices, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step S1, placing the broken rock sample in a transparent test chamber and assembling the test device;

[0026] Step S2, controlling the axial pressure head to move downward, applying an axial load to the crushed rock sample through the pressure plate, and completing the cyclic dynamic load test;

[0027] Step S3, controlling the fluid in the pressure water tank to enter the broken rock sample through the seepage hole, observing the seepage law of the fluid, and recording the test data; completing the cyclic seepage test;

[0028] Step S4, injecting slurry into the transparent test chamber, observing the diffusion law of the slurry, and recording the test data; completing the grouting test;

[0029] Step S5, obtaining test results according to the test data;

[0030] Step S6, release the axial pressure and water pressure, reset the test device, take out the broken rock samples and store them by number.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, in step S4, slurry is injected from the bottom and / or the middle of the transparent test chamber to simulate grouting tests at different locations.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention at least discloses the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The present invention provides a visual test device for crushed rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting with a simple structure and convenient operation. The device can effectively simulate and study the seepage-grouting and other processes of crushed rock mass during pressure deformation, and provide important experimental support and data basis for underground engineering. The test device of the present invention controls the hydraulic pump and the water pressure pump to apply axial pressure and water pressure, and controls the grouting pump to grout the bottom or center of the sample, so as to realize the integrated test operation of crushed rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting under cyclic dynamic load conditions. It can also be carried out independently according to specific test requirements, and the influence of water pressure and grouting pressure on the grouting effect can be analyzed. In addition, the test process is visualized, which can intuitively reflect the diffusion law of fluid and slurry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the test device of the present invention;

[0036] In the figure: 1. Axial pressure chamber; 2. Axial pressure head; 3. Sealing ring; 4. Axial strain gauge; 5. Bolt; 6. Pressure water tank; 7. Seepage hole; 8. Broken rock sample; 9. Transparent test chamber; 10. Column; 11. Test chamber support; 12. Base; 13. Hydraulic pump; 14. Oil tank; 15. Upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline; 16. Lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline; 17. Water pressure pump; 18. Water tank; 19. Water inlet pipeline; 20. Water storage tank; 21. Water outlet pipeline; 22. Grouting pump; 23. Slurry storage tank; 24. Grouting pipeline at the bottom of the test chamber; 25. Grouting pipeline at the center of the test chamber; 26. Control system; 27. Flow meter; 28. Pressure gauge; 29. ​​Needle valve; 30. Ball valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Grouting reinforcement of water-rich broken rock mass is a complex process involving the interaction of multiple factors. Through synchronous visualization test research, we can have a deeper understanding of how these factors affect the grouting effect, and then provide scientific basis and technical support for the safe construction and healthy operation of underground projects. In the process of simulating the pressure of broken rock mass, traditional test devices are often unable to clearly and intuitively observe the diffusion law of fluid and slurry in the medium, and cannot achieve the simultaneous implementation of water injection and grouting. To this end, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device and method under cyclic dynamic load conditions, which can simulate the tunnel surrounding rock reinforcement during the grouting process and the fluid seepage after grouting, so as to accurately reflect the influence of factors such as osmotic pressure and normal stress on parameters such as slurry diffusion path and diffusion rate, and provide reliable data support for construction under special conditions.

[0039] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] Reference Figure 1As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a visualization test device for crushed rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting, including a base 12, a transparent test chamber 9 is supported by a test chamber support 11 in the center above the base 12, and the top of the transparent test chamber 9 is open for containing crushed rock mass samples 8. A plurality of columns 10 are arranged around the transparent test chamber 9, the bottom ends of the columns 10 are fixed on the base 12, and threaded holes are opened on the tops for supporting and connecting the axial pressure chamber 1, and the axial pressure chamber 1 is fixed above each base 12 by bolts 5. An axial pressure head 2 is piston-type movably connected in the axial pressure chamber 1, and the axial pressure head 2 divides the axial pressure chamber 1 into two upper and lower chambers, the circumference of the axial pressure head 2 is in contact and sliding cooperation with the inner wall of the axial pressure chamber 1, and a sealing ring 3 for sealing is arranged between the two, and optionally, an annular groove is opened on the circumference of the axial pressure head 2, and the sealing ring 3 is fixedly installed in the annular groove. The top and bottom centers of the axial pressure chamber 1 are respectively provided with an upper opening and a lower opening. An upper guide column is fixedly connected or integrally formed above the axial pressure head 2. The upper guide column and the upper opening are slidably matched, and the two are in sealed contact. A lower guide column is fixedly connected or integrally formed below the axial pressure head 2. One end of the lower guide column passes through the lower opening and is fixedly connected with a pressure plate. The shape of the pressure plate is adapted to the inner wall of the transparent test chamber 9. Optionally, the transparent test chamber 9 and the pressure plate can both be cylindrical. A pressure water tank 6 is provided inside the pressure plate, and a number of seepage holes 7 are provided at the bottom thereof. The lower guide column and the lower opening are also in sealed contact, and a sealing ring 3 can be provided. The axial pressure head 2 drives the pressure plate to reciprocate up and down in the transparent test chamber 9, and performs cyclic dynamic load on the broken rock sample 8 to achieve the corresponding test purpose.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the axial pressure chamber 1 is divided into two chambers by the axial pressure head 2, wherein the upper chamber is connected to the oil tank 14 through the upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline 15, and the lower chamber is connected to the oil tank 14 through the lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline 16, and a pressure gauge 28 and a needle valve 29 are connected to the upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline 15 and the lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline 16, and the needle valve 29 is used to control the opening and closing of the two inlet / outlet oil pipelines.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline 15 and the lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline 16 are connected to the oil tank 14 through a main oil pipeline, and a hydraulic pump 13 is arranged on the main oil pipeline to provide power for the circulation of the pressure-resistant oil.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, a flow meter 27 is also connected to the main oil pipeline, and the flow meter 27 measures the flow of the pressure-resistant oil in / out of the oil tank 14 to provide data support for adjusting the pressure value.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the hydraulic pump 13 is electrically connected to the control system 26, and the control system 26 can control the operation of the hydraulic pump 13 according to the pressure setting requirements to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the test process.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the pressure water tank 6 is connected to the water tank 18 via a water inlet pipe 19, one end of the water inlet pipe 19 is arranged above the pressure plate, and the other end is connected to the water tank 18. The water inlet pipe 19 is connected to a pressure gauge 28 and a flow meter 27, as well as a water pressure pump 17 and a ball valve 30, and the water pressure pump 17 is electrically connected to the control system 26.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the transparent test chamber 9 is connected to the slurry storage tank 23 through a grouting pipeline, and the slurry injection is controlled by a grouting pump 22. It should be understood that a pressure gauge 28 and a flow meter 27 are connected to the grouting pipeline.

[0048] In some optional embodiments, in order to realize the grouting test at different positions of the broken rock sample 8, the grouting pipeline includes two routes, namely, the test chamber bottom grouting pipeline 24 connected to the bottom of the transparent test chamber 9 and the test chamber center grouting pipeline 25 connected to the middle of the transparent test chamber 9. The grouting pump 22 injects the slurry from the slurry storage tank 23 into the broken rock sample 8 through the test chamber bottom grouting pipeline 24, or injects the slurry into the broken rock sample 8 through the test chamber center grouting pipeline 25. It should be understood that needle valves 29 are respectively provided on the test chamber bottom grouting pipeline 24 and the test chamber center grouting pipeline 25 to control the conduction and closure of the pipelines.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the bottom of the transparent test chamber 9 is connected to a water outlet pipe 21 , the water outlet pipe 21 is connected to a water storage tank 20 , and a pressure gauge 28 , a flow meter 27 and a ball valve 30 are connected to the water outlet pipe 21 .

[0050] In some optional embodiments, an axial strain gauge 4 for monitoring the displacement of the axial pressure head 2 is connected to the upper guide column of the axial pressure head 2. It should be understood that in practical applications, other instruments or sensors capable of monitoring displacement can be used to replace the axial strain gauge 4, such as a displacement sensor, a distance monitor, etc.

[0051] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device, which controls the hydraulic pump 13 and the water pressure pump 17 to apply axial pressure and water pressure through the control system 26, and controls the grouting pump 22 to grout the bottom or center of the sample, so as to realize the broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting integrated test operation under cyclic dynamic load conditions, and can also be carried out independently according to specific test requirements, and the influence of water pressure and grouting pressure on the grouting effect can be analyzed. In addition, the device has a built-in cylindrical transparent test chamber 9, which can realize the visualization of the test process, so as to intuitively reflect the slurry diffusion law, etc.

[0052] Embodiment 2:

[0053] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for visualizing a crushed rock mass under pressure deformation-seepage-grouting test, using the crushed rock mass under pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0054] Step S1: Test preparation

[0055] The broken rock sample 8 is placed in the transparent test chamber 9. After the sample loading is completed, the bottom of the transparent test chamber 9 is connected to the slurry storage tank 23 through the test chamber bottom grouting pipeline 24, and the center of the transparent test chamber 9 is connected to the slurry storage tank 23 through the test chamber center grouting pipeline 25, so as to realize the grouting of the bottom and middle of the broken rock sample 8; the bottom of the transparent test chamber 9 is connected to the water storage tank 20 through the water outlet pipeline 21, and the water tank 18 is connected to the pressure water tank 6 through the water inlet pipeline 19, so as to realize the seepage process; after the sample loading is completed and the pipeline installation is completed, the axial pressure chamber 1 is connected to the column 10 with the bolt 5, and the test can be carried out.

[0056] Step S2: Cyclic dynamic load test

[0057] After the equipment is connected, the control system 26 is used to control the hydraulic pump 13 to inject the pressure-resistant oil from the oil tank 14 through the upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline 15 into the upper chamber above the axial pressure chamber 1, driving the axial pressure head 2 to move downward, thereby realizing the axial loading process; the control system 26 is used to control the hydraulic pump 13 to inject the pressure-resistant oil from the oil tank 14 through the lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline 16 into the lower chamber below the axial pressure chamber 1, driving the axial pressure head 2 to move upward, thereby realizing the unloading process; the control system 26 is used to control the hydraulic pump 13 to realize the cyclic dynamic loading process.

[0058] Step S3: Seepage test

[0059] The control system 26 controls the hydraulic pump 17 to inject the fluid from the water tank 18 into the pressure water tank 6 through the water inlet pipe 19. The fluid in the pressure water tank 6 enters the broken rock sample 8 through the seepage holes 7 at the bottom. At the same time, the seepage water can be collected into the water storage tank 20 through the outlet pipe 21, thereby realizing the seepage process.

[0060] Step S4: Grouting test

[0061] The grouting pump 22 injects the slurry from the slurry storage tank 23 into the broken rock sample 8 through the grouting pipeline 24 at the bottom of the test chamber, or injects the slurry into the broken rock sample 8 through the grouting pipeline 25 in the center of the test chamber, thereby achieving grouting at different positions of the broken rock.

[0062] Step S5, after recording and saving the test data, deriving the test results according to the test data;

[0063] Step S6, control the hydraulic pump 13 and the water pressure pump 17 through the control system 26 to relieve the axial pressure and water pressure, then turn off the hydraulic pump 13, the water pressure pump 17, the grouting pump 22 and the switches of each pipeline, open the bolt 5, take out the broken rock sample 8 and save it by number.

[0064] In some embodiments, in step S4, slurry is injected from the bottom and / or the middle of the transparent test chamber 9 to simulate grouting tests at different positions.

[0065] The details not described in detail in the present invention are all conventional technical means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0066] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0067] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visual test device for crushed rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting, characterized in that: include: Base (12); A transparent test chamber (9) is supported above the base (12) and is used to contain the crushed rock sample (8); a plurality of columns (10) are fixedly connected to the base (12) on the peripheral side of the transparent test chamber (9); An axial pressure chamber (1) is detachably fixed on the plurality of uprights (10); an axial pressure head (2) is piston-type reciprocatingly slidable in the axial pressure chamber (1); the bottom of the axial pressure head (2) passes through the axial pressure chamber (1) and is connected to a pressure plate; the axial pressure head (2) drives the pressure plate to reciprocate up and down in the transparent test chamber (9) to apply cyclic dynamic load to the broken rock sample (8); A pressure water chamber (6) is provided inside the pressure plate, and a plurality of seepage holes (7) are provided at the bottom thereof; the bottom of the transparent test chamber (9) is connected to a water storage tank (20) via a water outlet pipeline (21); The transparent test chamber (9) is also connected to a grouting tank (23) and a grouting pump (22) via a grouting pipeline.

2. The broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The grouting pipeline comprises a test chamber bottom grouting pipeline (24) connected to the bottom of the transparent test chamber (9) and a test chamber center grouting pipeline (25) connected to the middle of the transparent test chamber (9); the test chamber bottom grouting pipeline (24) and the test chamber center grouting pipeline (25) are connected to a grout storage tank (23) through a main pipeline after they intersect.

3. The broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The test chamber bottom grouting pipeline (24) and the test chamber center grouting pipeline (25) are respectively connected to pressure gauges (28), and the main pipeline is connected to a flow meter (27).

4. The broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The axial pressure head (2) divides the axial pressure chamber (1) into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the upper chamber is connected to an upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline (15), and the lower chamber is connected to a lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline (16), and the upper inlet / outlet oil pipeline (15) and the lower inlet / outlet oil pipeline (16) are connected to an oil tank (14) and a hydraulic pump (13) via a main oil pipeline.

5. The broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The upper oil inlet / outlet pipeline (15) and the lower oil inlet / outlet pipeline (16) are both connected to a pressure gauge (28), and the main oil pipeline is connected to a flow meter (27).

6. The broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The hydraulic pump (13) is electrically connected to a control system (26).

7. The broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The pressure water tank (6) is connected to a water tank (18) and a water pressure pump (17) via a water inlet pipeline (19), and the water pressure pump (17) is electrically connected to the control system (26).

8. The broken rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an axial strain gauge (4) connected between the top end of the axial pressure head (2) and the axial pressure chamber (1).

9. A method for visualizing a crushed rock mass under pressure deformation-seepage-grouting test, using the crushed rock mass under pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, placing a broken rock sample (8) in a transparent test chamber (9), and assembling a test device; Step S2, controlling the axial pressure head (2) to move downward, applying an axial load to the crushed rock sample (8) through the pressure plate, and completing the cyclic dynamic load test; Step S3, controlling the fluid in the pressure water tank (6) to enter the broken rock sample (8) through the seepage hole (7), observing the seepage law of the fluid, and recording the test data; completing the cyclic seepage test; Step S4, injecting slurry into the transparent test chamber (9), observing the diffusion law of the slurry, and recording the test data; completing the grouting test; Step S5, obtaining test results according to the test data; Step S6, release the axial pressure and water pressure, reset the test device, take out the broken rock sample (8), and store it by number.

10. The crushed rock mass pressure deformation-seepage-grouting visualization test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, slurry is injected from the bottom and / or the middle of the transparent test chamber (9) to simulate grouting tests at different positions.

Images