Residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method. The invention discloses a computer aided design method. In order to solve the problem that the design method of the photovoltaic skin system of the residential balcony achieves the optimization target of a single index but the living comfort of the residence is insufficient, the method comprises the following steps: step 1, simulating the residence state of the residence under the condition that the residence adopts different photovoltaic heights and different balcony depths through a residence three-dimensional model; the residence state comprises indoor average annual daily illuminance, indoor annual refrigeration and heating energy consumption and photovoltaic generating capacity; and 2, taking the residence state as an optimization target, carrying out optimization through a multi-target decision method, obtaining at least one optimization scheme for determining the photovoltaic height and the balcony depth, and completing the design of the residence balcony photovoltaic skin system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a computer-aided design method. Background Art

[0002] As a clean and renewable energy source, solar energy is increasingly used in the construction field, especially in residential buildings. As part of the building, the residential balcony has a large area and good sunshine conditions, making it an ideal place to install a photovoltaic system.

[0003] The existing design of residential building balcony photovoltaic skin system usually takes the balcony facade as the main layout area of ​​photovoltaic components, and its design goal is mainly focused on improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency and reducing indoor energy consumption of the residence. However, this design method is relatively simple, usually only focusing on the power generation performance of the photovoltaic system and its direct impact on building energy consumption, lacking comprehensive consideration of other important design indicators.

[0004] Therefore, although the current design method has achieved the optimization goal of a single indicator to a certain extent, it sacrifices the overall living comfort of the house and fails to fully reflect the comprehensive potential of the residential balcony photovoltaic skin system in energy saving, carbon reduction and improvement of the living environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem that the design method of the photovoltaic skin system of a residential balcony achieves the optimization goal of a single indicator, but the residential living comfort is insufficient, and a design method of the photovoltaic skin system of a residential balcony is provided.

[0006] 1. A design method for a residential balcony photovoltaic skin system of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Use the three-dimensional model of the house to simulate the state of the house under different photovoltaic heights and different balcony depths;

[0008] The residential status includes the average annual indoor daylight illumination, indoor annual cooling and heating energy consumption, and photovoltaic power generation;

[0009] Step 2: Take the residential status as the optimization target and optimize it through a multi-objective decision-making method to obtain at least one optimization solution to determine the photovoltaic height and balcony depth, and complete the design of the residential balcony photovoltaic skin system.

[0010] Furthermore, photovoltaic modules are laid on the facade where the balcony window openings of the residential three-dimensional model are located.

[0011] Furthermore, the range of different photovoltaic heights is 0~X M , X Mis the maximum photovoltaic height; the range of different balcony depths is Y1~Y2, Y1 and Y2 are the minimum allowable balcony depth and the maximum allowable balcony depth respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, before step 1, the following process is also included:

[0013] Construct multiple residential 3D models of the same residence;

[0014] Photovoltaic modules of different heights are laid on the facades where the balcony window openings of multiple residential three-dimensional models are located;

[0015] Based on the visual comfort evaluation strategy, at least one residential three-dimensional model is selected.

[0016] Furthermore, the heights of the photovoltaic modules on the three-dimensional models of the multiple residences are arranged according to an arithmetic progression, and the tolerance of the arithmetic progression is 0.1 m.

[0017] Furthermore, based on the visual comfort evaluation strategy, the process of selecting at least one residential three-dimensional model is as follows:

[0018] Conduct indoor occupant visual comfort experiments in multiple residential 3D models;

[0019] The evaluation scale is used to determine the height of the photovoltaic module that can meet the visual comfort of more than 90% of indoor personnel as the maximum photovoltaic height x M .

[0020] Furthermore, the daylight in the average annual indoor daylight illumination is natural light with an illumination ranging from 1001x to 2000lx.

[0021] Furthermore, the annual sunlight intensity M udi Obtained by the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, M i is the annual sunlight illumination percentage of the i-th indoor measuring point; n is the number of indoor measuring points; T ui is the time that the natural light illumination at the i-th indoor measuring point is within the range of 1001x to 2000lx in one year; T is the number of hours in one year.

[0024] Furthermore, the annual indoor cooling and heating energy consumption E HC Obtained by the following formula:

[0025] E HC =A(E H +E C )

[0026]

[0027] Among them, E H is the annual heating energy consumption per unit area; Q H is the annual cumulative heating energy consumption (calculated by dynamic simulation software); η1 is the comprehensive efficiency of the heating system with the heat source being a coal-fired boiler; q1 is the calorific value of standard coal; q2 is the comprehensive coal consumption for power generation; E C is the annual cooling energy consumption per unit area; Q C is the annual cumulative cooling energy consumption (calculated by dynamic simulation software); COP C is the comprehensive performance coefficient of the cooling system of residential buildings; A is the total residential area.

[0028] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation E p Obtained by the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, H A is the annual total horizontal solar radiation; P A Install capacity for photovoltaic modules; E a is the irradiance under standard conditions; K is the comprehensive efficiency coefficient related to the photovoltaic module.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0032] The present invention realizes the overall design of the residential balcony photovoltaic system by combining the residential balcony design with the facade photovoltaic design. By using parametric simulation and multi-objective optimization technology, the comprehensive optimal design scheme under the three goals of indoor natural lighting, facade photovoltaic power generation and residential indoor energy consumption is screened out, further realizing energy conservation and carbon reduction and improving residential comfort. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a residential three-dimensional model in a residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of a residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not limited to the present invention. Specific Embodiment 1

[0039] A design method for a residential balcony photovoltaic skin system in this embodiment is as follows:

[0040] Step 1: Through the three-dimensional model of the residence, simulate the residence status under different photovoltaic heights and different balcony depths of the residence;

[0041] The residence status includes the average annual indoor daylight illumination, the annual indoor cooling and heating energy consumption, and the photovoltaic power generation.

[0042] Step 2: Take the residence status as the optimization goal, and optimize it through the multi-objective decision-making method to obtain at least one optimization plan for determining the photovoltaic height and balcony depth, and complete the design of the residential balcony photovoltaic skin system. Specific Embodiment 2

[0044] This embodiment is a further description of Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, photovoltaic modules are laid on the outer facade where the balcony window openings of the three-dimensional model of the residence are located. Specific Embodiment 3

[0046] This embodiment is a further description of Embodiment 1 or 2. In this embodiment, the range of different photovoltaic heights is 0 to X M , X M is the maximum photovoltaic height; the range of different balcony depths is Y1 to Y2, and Y1 and Y2 are the minimum allowable balcony depth and the maximum allowable balcony depth respectively.

[0047] Specifically, this embodiment is to construct a performance simulation and optimization model for the residential balcony photovoltaic skin system, and conduct decision-making analysis on the generated optimization goal solution set through a multi-objective decision-making function. The detailed steps are as follows:

[0048] S2.1: Use Honeybee to define each part of the parametric model of the residential balcony photovoltaic skin system, and construct the model of the residential balcony photovoltaic skin system; define the value range of the balcony depth Y according to the allowable balcony depth range in the design stage as Y1 < Y < Y2, with the unit of meter;

[0049] S2.2: Use Ladybug to obtain the EPW meteorological file and define the historical meteorological data parameters of the area where the designed residence is located. Define the indoor state parameters of the residence: the annual daylight illumination M within the effective range udi , the annual indoor cooling and heating energy consumption E hc; and photovoltaic state parameters: photovoltaic power generation E p As three optimization objectives, a performance simulation model is constructed with photovoltaic laying parameters X and balcony depth Y as independent variables, where 0 <X<X M Y1 <Y<Y2;

[0050] In actual project design, the depth of a residence is generally determined during the overall layout. Therefore, the total depth of the interior and balcony mentioned in the indoor energy consumption simulation calculation and the indoor natural lighting simulation calculation is constant and does not change with the change of the balcony width.

[0051] S2.3: Use the multi-objective genetic algorithm plug-in Octopus of the GH platform to automatically optimize the indoor state parameters and photovoltaic state parameters, and select the Pareto-front data in the results as the optimal solution set;

[0052] S2.4: Based on the actual project and overall design requirements, select the final design solution from the optimal solution set. Specific implementation method four

[0054] This embodiment is a further description of the third embodiment. In this embodiment, before step 1, the following steps are further included:

[0055] Construct multiple residential 3D models of the same residence;

[0056] Photovoltaic modules of different heights are laid on the facades where the balcony window openings of multiple residential three-dimensional models are located;

[0057] Based on the visual comfort evaluation strategy, at least one residential three-dimensional model is selected. Specific implementation method five

[0059] This embodiment is a further explanation of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, the heights of the photovoltaic modules on the three-dimensional models of multiple houses are arranged according to an arithmetic progression, and the tolerance of the arithmetic progression is 0.1 m. Specific implementation method 6

[0061] This embodiment is a further explanation of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, based on the visual comfort evaluation strategy, the process of selecting at least one residential three-dimensional model is as follows:

[0062] Conduct indoor occupant visual comfort experiments in multiple residential 3D models;

[0063] The evaluation scale is used to determine the height of the photovoltaic module that can meet the visual comfort of more than 90% of indoor personnel as the maximum photovoltaic height x M .

[0064] Specifically, this implementation method is to construct a residential virtual reality model, and conduct an experiment on the impact of photovoltaic laying on residential balconies on the visual comfort of indoor personnel, and determine the photovoltaic laying parameter range 0-X that meets the visual comfort of indoor personnel. The detailed steps are as follows:

[0065] S1.1: Define the photovoltaic laying parameter X based on the residential design drawings and the designed balcony window opening height, and build a residential 3D model through a visual 3D modeling platform;

[0066] S1.2: Generate a series of residential balcony photovoltaic laying three-dimensional models by changing the photovoltaic laying parameter X, where X is the photovoltaic laying length in meters. The parameter is selected by the arithmetic difference method, and the interval width is 0.1 meters.

[0067] S1.3: Use virtual reality equipment to conduct visual comfort experiments for indoor residents under different residential balcony photovoltaic laying parameters. Use an evaluation scale to define the photovoltaic laying parameters that can meet the visual comfort of more than 90% of indoor residents as X M .

[0068] This implementation method uses virtual reality technology to determine the photovoltaic laying range that meets the visual comfort of indoor personnel. In the facade photovoltaic design, the photovoltaic laying plan selection, laying range and location take into account the indoor natural lighting and the visual comfort of indoor personnel. Specific implementation method seven

[0070] This embodiment is a further explanation of the sixth embodiment. In this embodiment, the daylight in the average annual indoor daylight illumination is natural light with an illumination ranging from 100 lx to 2000 lx. Specific implementation method eight

[0072] This embodiment is a further description of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh embodiment. In this embodiment, the annual sunlight illumination M udi It is obtained by the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, M i is the annual sunlight illumination percentage of the i-th indoor measuring point; n is the number of indoor measuring points; T ui is the time when the natural light illumination at the ith indoor measuring point is within the range of 100lx to 2000lx in a year; T is the number of hours in a year.

[0075] Specifically, the annual daylight illumination percentage UDI within the effective range is a dynamic natural lighting performance evaluation indicator. This indicator is mainly aimed at the time when natural light can be effectively utilized. The effective lighting illumination value range is 100lx-2000lx. It is used to evaluate the percentage of time when the illumination at each point in the space is only under natural light and is between 100lx and 2000lx. The average of the values ​​of the horizontal illuminance meter measuring points in the room is then selected as the final value of the annual daylight illumination Mudi within the average effective range of the room.

[0076] And, T ui Simulated by Honeybee plug-in; T is 8760 hours. Specific implementation method nine

[0078] This embodiment is a further description of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh embodiment. In this embodiment, the indoor annual cooling and heating energy consumption E HC It is obtained by the following formula:

[0079] E HC =A(E H +E C )

[0080]

[0081] Among them, E H is the annual heating energy consumption per unit area; Q H is the annual cumulative heating energy consumption (calculated by dynamic simulation software); η1 is the comprehensive efficiency of the heating system with the heat source being a coal-fired boiler; q1 is the calorific value of standard coal; q2 is the comprehensive coal consumption for power generation; E C is the annual cooling energy consumption per unit area; Q C is the annual cumulative cooling energy consumption (calculated by dynamic simulation software); COP C is the comprehensive performance coefficient of the cooling system of residential buildings; A is the total residential area.

[0082] Specifically, the annual heating energy consumption per unit area is E H The unit is kWh / m 2 ; Annual cooling energy consumption per unit area E C The unit is kWh / m 2 ;Q C The unit of is kWh, which is calculated by Openstudio dynamic simulation software; the unit of A is m 2 ; Comprehensive performance coefficient COP of residential building cooling system C Take 3.60; the annual cumulative heating energy consumption Q HThe unit is kWh, which is calculated by dynamic simulation software; the comprehensive efficiency η1 of the heating system with the heat source as a coal-fired boiler is 0.81; the calorific value of standard coal q1 is 8.14kWh / kgce; the unit of comprehensive power generation coal consumption q2 is kgce / kWh, which is 0.330kgce / kWh. Specific implementation method ten

[0084] This embodiment is a further description of the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh embodiment. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation E p It is obtained by the following formula:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, H A is the annual total horizontal solar radiation; P A Install capacity for photovoltaic modules; E a is the irradiance under standard conditions; K is the comprehensive efficiency coefficient, including the PV module type correction factor, conversion efficiency correction factor, PV module location correction factor, light utilization rate and PV power generation electrical system efficiency.

[0087] Specifically, the annual total solar radiation on the horizontal surface H A The unit is (kWh / m 2 , peak hours); irradiance P under standard conditions A The unit is kWp; the comprehensive efficiency coefficient K includes the PV module type correction coefficient, conversion efficiency correction coefficient, PV module location correction coefficient, light utilization rate and PV power generation electrical system efficiency.

[0088] Although the present invention is described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the present invention. It should therefore be understood that many modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the features of the various dependent claims and herein may be combined in a manner different from that described in the original claims. It should also be understood that the features described in conjunction with the individual embodiments may be used in other embodiments.

Claims

1. A design method for a residential balcony photovoltaic skin system, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Step 1: Use the three-dimensional model of the house to simulate the state of the house under different photovoltaic heights and different balcony depths; The residential status includes the average annual indoor daylight illumination, the indoor annual cooling and heating energy consumption, and the photovoltaic power generation; Step 2: Taking the residential state as the optimization target, optimizing through a multi-objective decision-making method, obtaining at least one optimization scheme for determining the photovoltaic height and balcony depth, and completing the design of the residential balcony photovoltaic skin system.

2. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Photovoltaic modules are laid on the exterior facade where the balcony window openings of the residential three-dimensional model are located.

3. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The range of different photovoltaic heights is 0~X M , X M is the maximum photovoltaic height; the range of different balcony depths is Y1~Y2, Y1 and Y2 are the minimum allowable balcony depth and the maximum allowable balcony depth respectively.

4. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before step 1, the following process is also included: Construct multiple residential 3D models of the same residence; Photovoltaic modules of different heights are laid on the facades where the balcony window openings of multiple residential three-dimensional models are located; Based on the visual comfort evaluation strategy, at least one residential three-dimensional model is selected.

5. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heights of the photovoltaic modules on the three-dimensional models of the multiple residences are arranged according to an arithmetic progression, and the tolerance of the arithmetic progression is 0.1 m.

6. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the visual comfort evaluation strategy, the process of selecting at least one residential 3D model is as follows: Conducting indoor occupant visual comfort experiments in the multiple three-dimensional residential models respectively; The evaluation scale is used to determine the height of the photovoltaic module that can meet the visual comfort of more than 90% of indoor personnel as the maximum photovoltaic height x M .

7. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The daylight in the average annual indoor daylight illumination refers to natural light with an illumination range of 100lx to 2000lx.

8. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that: Annual sunlight intensity M udi Obtained by the following formula: Among them, M i is the annual sunlight illumination percentage of the i-th indoor measuring point; n is the number of indoor measuring points; T ui is the time when the natural light illumination at the ith indoor measuring point is within the range of 100lx to 2000lx in a year; T is the number of hours in a year.

9. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that: Indoor annual cooling and heating energy consumption E HC Obtained by the following formula: AND HC =A(E H +E C ) Among them, E H is the annual heating energy consumption per unit area; Q H is the annual cumulative heating energy consumption; η1 is the comprehensive efficiency of the heating system with the heat source being a coal-fired boiler; q1 is the calorific value of standard coal; q2 is the comprehensive coal consumption for power generation; E C is the annual cooling energy consumption per unit area; Q C The total cooling energy consumption for the whole year; COP C is the comprehensive performance coefficient of the cooling system of residential buildings; A is the total residential area.

10. A residential balcony photovoltaic skin system design method according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that: Photovoltaic power generation E p Obtained by the following formula: Among them, H A is the annual total horizontal solar radiation; P A Install capacity for photovoltaic modules; E a is the irradiance under standard conditions; K is the comprehensive efficiency coefficient related to the photovoltaic module.

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