A method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens, which relates to the technical field of three-dimensional geological modeling. The method comprises reading spatial data and geological data; marking the number and order of exposures of each lens lithologic segment and calculating the maximum horizontal boundary; generating an initial three-dimensional model of each lens lithologic segment; regenerating the three-dimensional model to adjust the lens size; performing model checking and regenerating the three-dimensional model; providing a list or screening each lithologic segment of a lens of the same lithology, selecting the lithologic segments to be merged, generating inner and outer boundaries located on the top and bottom surfaces of the lens; generating the top and bottom curved surfaces of each lens; determining an interpolation function and function parameters in space and generating side curved surfaces, ultimately forming a three-dimensional model after assembly; performing model checking and regenerating the three-dimensional solid model. The present invention combines automated modeling with manual intervention to significantly improve the accuracy and geological authenticity of the lens three-dimensional model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional geological modeling, and in particular to a method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens. Background Art

[0002] Lens modeling is a crucial area of ​​3D modeling under complex geological conditions. Traditional 3D modeling techniques often struggle to accurately represent the complex stratigraphic relationships and spatial distribution of lenses. Manual modeling using borehole geological data for lens formations is not only inefficient but also difficult to maintain consistency and accuracy. Furthermore, automated modeling often encounters the problem of spatial multi-solutions, where the same geological dataset may produce multiple plausible 3D models.

[0003] Traditional modeling methods often struggle with complex scenarios such as one-to-many and many-to-many relationships involving a single lens across multiple boreholes. These methods often overlook the construction of the lens's internal boundaries, resulting in significant deficiencies in the scientific and accurate nature of the models. Furthermore, when multiple solutions arise during lens modeling, traditional methods lack effective automated rules and manual intervention mechanisms to optimize and verify the models. This ultimately limits the practicality and reliability of the model results, hindering the efficiency of practical geological work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens comprises the following steps: step S1, reading spatial data and geological data of lens lithologic segments in all boreholes stored in a database; step S2, marking the number and order of exposure of each lens lithologic segment at the spatial position of all boreholes according to the geological data; calculating the maximum horizontal boundary allowed for each lens lithologic segment according to the spatial data; step S3, generating an initial three-dimensional model of each lens lithologic segment according to the maximum horizontal boundary, the top elevation and the bottom elevation data of the lens lithologic segment in the borehole, and automatically naming the segment according to the lithology and the order; step S4, selecting the initial three-dimensional model of each lens lithologic segment, setting a value smaller than the maximum horizontal boundary allowed, and regenerating the initial three-dimensional model to adjust the size of the lens; step S5, checking the initial three-dimensional model and recording the initial three-dimensional model. Nested relationship or intersection relationship, perform Boolean operation, and regenerate the initial three-dimensional model; when the scale of the lens is larger than the initial three-dimensional model, operate steps S6-S9; step S6, provide a list or filter the various lithologic segments of the lens with the same lithology in the cross-section view or three-dimensional view; select the lithologic segments to be merged, and generate the inner boundary and outer boundary located on the top and bottom surfaces of the lens; step S7, generate the top and bottom surfaces of each lens by interpolation calculation; determine the interpolation function and function parameters in space according to the lens morphology; step S8, form the side surface of the lens based on the top surface boundary, bottom surface boundary and interpolation function; form a three-dimensional model after the collection based on the top surface, bottom surface and side surface; step S9, perform three-dimensional model inspection, record the nested relationship or intersection relationship of the model, perform Boolean operation, and regenerate the three-dimensional solid model.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S1, the reading process is: first determine the storage format and interface of the required data in the database; then write the corresponding query statement according to the selected database to extract the spatial coordinate data and lithologic segment data of the required borehole; wherein the spatial coordinate data is the key data of the spatial data, and the lithologic segment data is the key data of the geological data.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S2, all boreholes are traversed and the lithologic data in the geological data of each borehole is analyzed; the number of exposures of different lens lithologic segments in each borehole is counted, and the order of exposure is recorded.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, further, for the same lens lithologic segment, if it appears multiple times in the same borehole, the number of times it appears is recorded; for different lens lithologic segments that appear in the same borehole, the order of their appearance is recorded.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S2, the convex hull algorithm or the Alpha Shapes algorithm is used to calculate the maximum horizontal boundary of each lens; wherein the elevation of the maximum horizontal boundary is within the range of the top and bottom burial depths of the lithologic section.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S3, a parabolic function is generated on each cross section on the horizontal maximum boundary using the top elevation point and the bottom elevation point, and an initial three-dimensional model of the lens is generated along the cross section.

[0012] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S4, the process of adjusting the size of the lens body is: providing an interface or script to adjust the horizontal boundary of the lens body, and recalculating and generating the adjusted initial three-dimensional model.

[0013] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S6, the process of screening and merging lithologic segments is: developing an interactive interface, using visualization tools to display lists, profiles or three-dimensional views, and manually screening and selecting lithologic segments for merging.

[0014] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S7, the process of determining the interpolation function and function parameters is: according to the geological characteristics and lens morphology, the most suitable interpolation function is selected and the parameters are optimized.

[0015] Based on the above technical solution, further, in step S8, several dividing lines are extracted along the boundaries of the top and bottom surfaces as sweeping paths; the interpolation function is calculated along each sweeping path to obtain the side curved surface on the path; all the side curved surfaces are connected in order to form a complete side curved surface of the lens body.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention proposes a method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens. By comprehensively utilizing drilling data and geological data, combined with automated modeling and manual intervention, it solves many problems in traditional methods. Specifically, the method calculates the maximum horizontal boundary of each lens based on the number of times the lens lithologic segment is exposed, and generates an initial three-dimensional model. By adjusting the boundaries and performing Boolean operations, the nesting and intersection relationships of the model are accurately processed. In addition, an interactive interface is provided to allow geological experts to screen and merge lithologic segments, regenerate the top and bottom surfaces of the lens, and ultimately form a high-precision three-dimensional solid model.

[0018] (2) This invention significantly improves the accuracy and geological authenticity of the lens 3D model by comprehensively utilizing borehole data and geological data, combining automated modeling with manual intervention. Specifically, by marking the number and sequence of lens lithologic segments exposed and calculating the maximum horizontal boundary, the spatial distribution of the model is ensured to be accurate.

[0019] (3) This invention can effectively handle complex situations such as one-to-many and many-to-many scenarios where a single lens appears in multiple boreholes, and considers the construction of the lens's internal boundaries to generate a more scientific and accurate model. By screening and merging lithologic segments, the internal and external boundaries of the lens's top and bottom surfaces are generated, ensuring the integrity and rationality of the lens model.

[0020] (4) By setting up automated rules and manual intervention mechanisms, the present invention can effectively handle the spatial multi-solution problem in the modeling process and ensure the consistency and reliability of the model. When multi-solution occurs, model checking and Boolean operations are performed to record and correct the nested or intersecting relationships of the model.

[0021] (5) This invention optimizes the model verification and adjustment mechanism, provides an interactive interface and visualization tools, and enables geological experts to intuitively screen, view, and adjust models, enhancing the model's operability and practicality. By using visualization tools to display cross-sections and three-dimensional views and providing an interactive interface for model screening and adjustment, the model's practicality and reliability are ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is an overall flow chart of constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 The spatial distribution of the boreholes and the exposed positions of the top and bottom surfaces of each lithologic segment in the boreholes in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is the initial three-dimensional model in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 An interface for selecting and merging initial three-dimensional models in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 The top and bottom surface boundaries and interpolation functions of the lens body after the merger are recalculated in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 The top curved surface and the bottom curved surface are formed by interpolation calculation in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 is a side surface formed by sweeping an interpolation function in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional solid model finally formed by manual intervention and merging in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The technical features of each embodiment of the present invention may be combined accordingly, provided that there is no conflict between them.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0032] In this method, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the following terms have the following meanings: Lens: A lithologic body with unique geological characteristics that can be identified in one or more drill holes and has a certain spatial distribution and morphology. Lithologic segment: A continuous portion of a specific rock type recorded in a drill hole, which can be a single lithology or a complex composed of multiple lithologies. Each lithologic segment may represent a lens independently or a part of a larger lens. Borehole data: Includes the location coordinates (x, y, z) of the drill hole, as well as the top elevation (stratum_top) and bottom elevation (stratum_bottom) of the lithologic segment recorded in the drill hole. Top surface: The upper surface of the lens, usually determined by the elevation data of the top of the lithologic segment recorded in the drill hole. Bottom surface: The lower surface of the lens, usually determined by the elevation data of the bottom of the lithologic segment recorded in the drill hole. Side surface: A vertical or inclined surface connecting the top and bottom boundaries, forming the three-dimensional structure of the lens. Maximum horizontal boundary: the maximum extended boundary of the lens on the horizontal plane determined by spatial analysis, usually calculated using a geometric algorithm (such as a convex hull algorithm or an AlphaShapes algorithm).

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Combine Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens body. It should be noted that: Figure 2-Figure 8In the figure, A1 is the borehole number; A2 is the borehole space; A3 is the top elevation of the lithologic segment; A4 is the bottom elevation of the lithologic segment; A5 is the maximum horizontal radius; A6 is the maximum horizontal boundary; A7 is the parabola; A8 is the initial 3D model; A9 is the merge interface; A10 is the lithologic list; A11 is the lithologic segment lens list box; A12 is the visualization window frame; A13 is the top surface boundary; A14 is the bottom surface boundary; A15 is the interpolation function curve; A16 is the top surface; A17 is the bottom surface; A18 is the side surface; and A19 is the assembled 3D model. The method includes the following steps.

[0035] Step S1: Read the spatial data and geological data of all lens lithologic sections in the boreholes stored in the database.

[0036] In this embodiment, when reading the database, SQL Server or other database query languages ​​are used to extract spatial data and geological data, including the spatial coordinates X, Y, and Z of each borehole and the top and bottom burial depths of each lens lithologic segment. Specifically, the storage format and interface of the relevant data in the database must first be determined, such as using a relational database such as SQL Server. Then, corresponding query statements are written based on the selected database to extract the required borehole spatial coordinate data and lithologic segment data, such as hole_id, x_coordinate, y_coordinate, elevation, lithology, stratum_top, stratum_bottom, etc. The extracted raw data is preprocessed to remove outliers and convert the data into a unified format for subsequent use, such as using Python's Pandas library.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This example shows the spatial distribution of boreholes and the exposed locations of the top and bottom surfaces of each lithologic segment within the borehole. The information included primarily includes the borehole number (A1, or hole_id) (e.g., ZK1-ZK4), borehole spatial information (A2, including coordinates, such as x_coordinate, y_coordinate, and elevation), and the top elevation (A3, or stratum_top) and bottom elevation (A4, or stratum_bottom) of a particular lithologic segment within the borehole.

[0038] Step S2: Mark the number and order of exposure of each lens lithologic segment at the spatial position of all boreholes according to the geological data; and calculate the maximum horizontal boundary allowed for each lens lithologic segment according to the spatial data.

[0039] In this example, all boreholes are traversed and the lithologic data in the geological data for each borehole is analyzed. The number of exposures of different lens lithologic segments in each borehole is counted, and the order of exposure is recorded. For example, using the data.size() and data.cumcount() functions in Pandas, a dataset is ultimately formed that contains spatial coordinates, the number of lithologic exposures, and the order in which they occur.

[0040] It should be noted that if the same lens lithologic segment appears multiple times in the same borehole, the number of times it appears should be recorded; if different lens lithologic segments appear in the same borehole, the order in which they appear should be recorded.

[0041] Calculate the maximum horizontal boundary of each lens using the Convex Hull algorithm or the Alpha Shapes algorithm. For example, use the convex_hull class / function in the Shapely library. The calculated maximum horizontal radius A5 or maximum horizontal boundary A6 can be found in Figure 2 It should be further explained that the elevation of the maximum horizontal boundary is within the range of the top and bottom burial depths of the lithologic segment.

[0042] Step S3: Generate an initial three-dimensional model A8 of each lens lithologic segment based on the maximum horizontal boundary, the top elevation and the bottom elevation of the lens lithologic segment in the borehole, and automatically name them according to lithology and order.

[0043] In this embodiment, a parabola function is generated using the top elevation point and the bottom elevation point on each cross section on the horizontal maximum boundary, and an initial three-dimensional model A8 of the lens is generated along the cross section. The initial three-dimensional model A8 of each lens is automatically named according to the lithology and sequence. For example, the NumPy library and the Open3d library are used. The generated parabola A7 function is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The figure shows an initial three-dimensional model A8 of a lens initially generated from four drilling data in a typical case of an embodiment of the method.

[0044] It should be noted that the process of generating the parabolic function is as follows: a lens is generated based on the top and bottom elevation data and the maximum horizontal boundary. The top and bottom elevation points of the borehole and the points on the maximum horizontal boundary should be extracted. According to the lens shape, Gaussian basis functions, polynomial basis functions, etc. are selected as the basis function family of the interpolation function.

[0045] Step S4: Select the initial three-dimensional model A8 of each lens lithologic segment, manually set a value smaller than the maximum allowed horizontal boundary, and regenerate the initial three-dimensional model A8 to change the lens size.

[0046] In this embodiment, the horizontal boundary value of the initial 3D model A8 of the lens is adjusted and the initial 3D model A8 is regenerated to change the lens size. An interface or script is provided to allow the user to adjust the horizontal boundary value of the lens. The adjusted initial 3D model A8 is recalculated and generated. Specifically, the process of adjusting the lens size is as follows: providing an interface or script to adjust the horizontal boundary value of the lens, and recalculating and generating the adjusted initial 3D model A8.

[0047] It should be further explained that the initial 3D model A8 is a model formed by enveloping the top elevation (point), the bottom elevation (point), and the maximum boundary (line). These models are all independent or discrete 3D models.

[0048] Step S5: Check the initial 3D model A8, record the nesting and intersection relationships of the initial 3D model A8, perform Boolean operations, and regenerate the initial 3D model A8. In this embodiment, a Boolean operation library is used to check the nesting and intersection relationships of the model and correct the 3D model. For example, the Polygon class and Unary_Union class / function in the Shapely library are used. It should be noted that this Boolean operation is an existing method and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] Furthermore, when the scale of the lens is larger than the initial three-dimensional model A8, that is, a single lens contains multiple lithologic segments, the lithologic segments need to be merged, and steps S6 to S9 are performed.

[0050] Step S6: Provide a list or select the lithologic segments of the lens with the same lithologic properties in the cross-section or 3D view; select the lithologic segments to be merged according to the actual situation, and generate the inner and outer boundaries on the top and bottom surfaces of the lens. It should be noted that the generated isolated and merged lens models are displayed here in the form of one or more of a text list, cross-section, or 3D view, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0051] In this embodiment, an interactive interface is developed to allow users to filter and view lens lithologic segments of the same lithology in a list, cross-section, or 3D view. Visualization tools are used to display the cross-section or 3D view, such as the Plotly library.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 Displayed in this embodiment are an interface A9 for selecting and merging the preliminarily formed three-dimensional lens model, a list box A10 for the viewed and selected lithology, a list box A11 for the viewed and selected lithology segment lens, and a visualization window frame A12 for displaying a cross-section or three-dimensional view.

[0053] Specifically, the steps of screening and merging lithologic segments include developing an interactive interface that uses visualization tools to display lists, sections, or 3D views, allowing geological experts to screen and select lithologic segments for merging. Figure 4 In the interactive interface shown, select the lithologic segments to be merged. Use geometric algorithms (such as Voronoi diagrams or polygon Boolean operations) to calculate the inner and outer boundaries after merging. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The top surface boundary A13, bottom surface boundary A14 and interpolation function curve A15 of the lens body recalculated after merging in this embodiment are shown.

[0054] Furthermore, the step of generating the top and bottom surfaces includes using an interpolation method such as Kriging interpolation to generate the top and bottom surfaces based on the selected lithologic segments and boundary data.

[0055] Step S7: Generate the top and bottom surfaces of each lens by interpolation calculation; determine the interpolation function and function parameters in space according to the lens shape. Specifically, based on the selected lithologic segment and boundary data, use interpolation methods such as Kriging interpolation to generate the top and bottom surfaces. For example, use the SciPy library or dedicated geological modeling software to implement interpolation calculations. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The top curved surface A16 and the bottom curved surface A17 formed by interpolation calculation in this embodiment are shown.

[0056] In this embodiment, the interpolation function and parameters are determined by selecting the most suitable interpolation function based on geological characteristics and lens morphology, combined with empirical or other data, and then optimizing the parameters. Furthermore, the interpolation function and parameters can be selected based on the lens morphology, using a Gaussian basis function, a polynomial basis function, or other basis functions. A specific interpolation function form is fitted based on the basis functions, and the provided interface allows the basis function form to be set and the function parameters to be modified.

[0057] Step S8: Based on the top and bottom boundaries and the interpolation function, the side curved surfaces of the lens body are formed; and a three-dimensional model is formed based on the top, bottom, and side curved surfaces. It should be noted that the boundaries here include both inner and outer boundaries, but only the outer boundary is involved in this example.

[0058] In this embodiment, a sweeping method is used to extract several dividing lines along the top and bottom surface boundaries as sweeping paths; the interpolation function is calculated along each sweeping path to obtain the side curved surface on the path. All the side curved surfaces are connected in order to form a complete side curved surface of the lens body. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The side curved surface A18 formed by sweeping the interpolation function in this embodiment is shown.

[0059] Furthermore, the data of the top, bottom and side surfaces are integrated into the same 3D model representation; the surface data is discretized into an approximate solid composed of small planes through triangulation or other methods; operations such as coloring the solid and adding lighting are performed to obtain a 3D solid model of the lens with good rendering effect. Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The three-dimensional lens model A19 is shown as a result of manual merging in this embodiment.

[0060] Step S9: Check the assembled 3D model. If any nesting or intersection relationships exist with the 3D models of other lenses, record the 3D model status, perform Boolean operations, and regenerate the assembled 3D model. Specifically, use the Boolean operation library to check and record nesting and intersection relationships; use the Polygon class and Unary_Union class / function from the Shapely library. It should be noted that the initial 3D models are relatively independent or discrete; ultimately, multiple discrete 3D models are assembled to generate a new 3D solid model.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field do not deviate from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional model of a lens, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, reading the spatial data and geological data of all lens lithologic sections in the boreholes stored in the database; Step S2: Mark the number and order of exposures of each lens lithologic segment at the spatial locations of all boreholes based on the geological data; and calculate the maximum horizontal boundary allowed for each lens lithologic segment based on the spatial data. Traverse all boreholes and analyze the lithologic data in the geological data of each borehole; count the number of times different lens lithologic segments appear in each borehole and record the order of appearance; The maximum horizontal boundary of each lens is calculated using the convex hull algorithm or the Alpha Shapes algorithm; the elevation of the maximum horizontal boundary is within the range of the top and bottom burial depths of the lithologic segment; Step S3: generating an initial three-dimensional model of each lens lithologic segment based on the horizontal maximum boundary, the top elevation and the bottom elevation data of the lens lithologic segment in the borehole, and automatically naming the model according to the lithologic type and order; Step S4: Select the initial three-dimensional model of each lens lithologic segment, set a value smaller than the maximum allowed horizontal boundary, and regenerate the initial three-dimensional model to adjust the lens size; Step S5: Check the initial three-dimensional model, record the nesting relationship or intersection relationship of the initial three-dimensional model, perform Boolean operations, and regenerate the initial three-dimensional model; When the scale of the lens is larger than the initial three-dimensional model, the steps S6 to S9 are performed; Step S6: providing a list or screening various lithologic segments of lenses of the same lithologic nature in a cross-section or three-dimensional view; selecting the lithologic segments to be merged, and generating inner and outer boundaries located on the top and bottom surfaces of the lenses; Step S7: Generate the top and bottom curved surfaces of each lens body through interpolation calculation; determine the interpolation function and function parameters in space according to the lens body shape; Step S8: forming a side curved surface of the lens body based on the top surface boundary, the bottom surface boundary and the interpolation function; and forming a three-dimensional model after the top curved surface, the bottom curved surface and the side curved surface are combined; Step S9: Check the three-dimensional model, record the nesting relationship or intersection relationship of the model, perform Boolean operations, and regenerate the three-dimensional solid model.

2. The method for constructing a three-dimensional lens model according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the reading process is: first determine the storage format and interface of the required data in the database; then write the corresponding query statement based on the selected database to extract the spatial coordinate data and lithologic segment data of the required borehole; among which the spatial coordinate data is the key data of the spatial data, and the lithologic segment data is the key data of the geological data.

3. The method for constructing a three-dimensional lens model according to claim 1, wherein: If the same lens lithologic segment appears multiple times in the same borehole, the number of times it appears is recorded; if different lens lithologic segments appear in the same borehole, the order of their appearance is recorded.

4. The method for constructing a three-dimensional lens model according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, a parabolic function is generated using the top elevation point and the bottom elevation point on each cross section on the horizontal maximum boundary, and an initial three-dimensional model of the lens is generated along the cross section.

5. The method for constructing a three-dimensional lens model according to claim 1, wherein: In step S4, the process of adjusting the size of the lens body is: providing an interface or script to adjust the horizontal boundary of the lens body, and recalculating and generating the adjusted initial three-dimensional model.

6. The method for constructing a three-dimensional lens model according to claim 1, wherein: In step S6, the process of screening and merging lithologic segments is as follows: based on an interactive interface, using a visualization tool to display a list, a profile, or a three-dimensional view, and manually screening and selecting lithologic segments for merging.

7. The method for constructing a three-dimensional lens model according to claim 1, wherein: In step S7, the process of determining the interpolation function and function parameters is as follows: selecting the interpolation function according to the geological characteristics and lens morphology, and performing parameter optimization.

8. The method for constructing a three-dimensional lens model according to claim 1, wherein: In step S8, several dividing lines are extracted along the top and bottom surface boundaries as sweep paths; the interpolation function is calculated along each sweep path to obtain the side surface on the path; and all the side surfaces are connected in order to form a complete side surface of the lens body.

Images