Earth geology physical three-dimensional modeling method based on multi-data fusion

Abstract

The invention discloses an earth geology physical three-dimensional modeling method based on multi-data fusion, which comprises the following steps: A, data acquisition: acquiring geological data through geological exploration and measurement technologies, comprising geological profile, underground water level, lithology, structure, surface digital elevation model (DEM) data, remote sensing image data, surface geographic information data, drilling data, geological plane data, profile data, stratum isoline data, fault data, geophysical prospecting data, dynamic data and related document data. According to the invention, data of geological profile, underground water level, lithology, structure, earth surface digital elevation model (DEM) data, remote sensing image data, earth surface geographic information data, drilling data, geological plane data, profile data, stratum isoline data, fault data, geophysical prospecting data, dynamic data and related document data are collected. And the data can be effectively integrated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological modeling, and in particular to a geophysical three-dimensional modeling method based on multi-data fusion. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as the discovery of shallow deposits has been exhausted, global mineral exploration has shifted to prospecting in the deep, marginal and complex terrain areas and covered areas (such as complex terrain high mountain areas, shallow covered areas, desert Gobi areas) of known deposits. Therefore, the trend of mineral resource exploration gradually moving towards refinement and deepening is more obvious. These changing trends have put forward requirements for geophysical exploration to explore deeper and more precisely. However, the use of existing three-dimensional geological models for mining area exploration and deep and marginal prospecting cannot meet the new requirements of current mineral resource exploration in terms of depth and accuracy. At the same time, the existing three-dimensional geological modeling technology is not suitable for complex areas. For this reason, we propose a three-dimensional modeling method of geophysical geophysics based on multi-data fusion. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a geophysical three-dimensional modeling method based on multi-data fusion to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a geophysical three-dimensional modeling method based on multi-data fusion, comprising the following steps: A. Data collection: Through geological exploration and surveying technology, geological data are obtained, including geological profiles, groundwater levels, lithology, structure, surface digital elevation model (DEM) data, remote sensing image data, surface geographic information data, drilling data, geological plane data, profile data, stratigraphic contour data, fault data, geophysical data, dynamic data and related documents; B. Data preprocessing: cleaning, adjusting and fusing the collected geological data; C. Data analysis and processing: Based on the collected geological data, the data are analyzed and processed using geostatistics, geophysics and geological simulation methods; D. 3D grid modeling: Select appropriate 3D grid modeling methods based on the characteristics and attributes of geological data; E. Model verification and correction: Verify the accuracy and reliability of the 3D geological model by comparing it with the actual geological observation data. If errors or unreasonableness are found in the model, the model needs to be adjusted and corrected to make it consistent with the actual situation. F. Visualization and Analysis: Use computer technology and 3D visualization software to visualize and analyze the 3D geological model. By rotating, enlarging and mirroring the model, the spatial form and internal structure of the geological object can be observed and analyzed.

[0005] Preferably, step B includes data cleaning, data adjustment and data fusion. Data cleaning refers to processing outliers and noise in the data to ensure the reliability of the data. Data adjustment refers to adjusting the scale, coordinates and resolution between different data for unified processing. Data fusion refers to integrating different types of data to obtain more accurate and comprehensive geological information.

[0006] Preferably, the analysis and processing methods in step C include: scale-free variogram, geostatistical interpolation method and multi-point simulation.

[0007] Preferably, the commonly used three-dimensional grid modeling methods in step D include terrain interpolation, voxel grid construction, geometric models and random models, among which voxel grid modeling is one of the most commonly used methods, which divides the geological object into a series of voxel elements to express the geometric and attribute characteristics of the geological body.

[0008] Preferably, the surface digital elevation model (DEM) data in step A is: surface mathematical elevation model data is used to generate the top surface (ground surface) of the three-dimensional geological structure model. This part of the data can be obtained from the surveying and mapping authority or purchased from the Basic Geographic Information Center of the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The data purchased from the Basic Geographic Information Center belongs to standard data. The data is stored in ARCINFO data format. There are many scales of DEM data. Among them, the national 1:250,000 database contains 816 topographic map data in space, covering the entire national territory. The foreign part collects data along the border for 25 kilometers. The landforms are uniformly stored in the TERLK layer, including contour lines, isobaths, gullies and other DEMs. The contour intervals of contour lines are divided into three types nationwide: 40m, 50m, and 100m. When using them, they can be determined by referring to the equal distribution map. For standard data, data format conversion, scale transformation, and projection transformation can be performed as needed. In addition, if ready-made DEM data cannot be obtained, you can also use special geographic information system software to produce it with topographic maps, that is, digitize paper topographic maps and correct and calibrate them geometrically, and then extract elevation information - screen vector tracking of contour lines and assigning elevation values ​​to contour lines, while editing, checking, and splicing to generate various topological relationships, and finally use software to perform interpolation and cropping to generate DEM data;Remote sensing image data: Remote sensing images are the most direct and timely data form of earth space data. The surface of a model needs to be mapped with image data to express the real surface landscape. Due to the large capacity of image data, in order to display it quickly and with high quality, it is necessary to select the image with the most appropriate resolution for texture mapping based on the display range and display ratio. A model can have multiple sets of satellite / aerial survey image data with different resolutions. Some image data may be limited to a certain part. Therefore, when displaying, all image data needs to be read into memory to achieve multi-resolution display, which requires some technical processing, such as image format conversion, which can be converted into images of different resolutions such as BMP, TIFF, and GIF according to different display resolutions and ratios. Image format, the processing of remote sensing image data mainly includes the geometric correction of remote sensing images and the fusion of image data with different resolutions. Generally, remote sensing processing software ERDAS and ENVI software are used for processing. The purpose of geometric correction of remote sensing images is to coordinate the pixels of image objects. After conversion operations and resampling, the remote sensing images are aligned with map projections and geographic coordinates. Remote sensing image data fusion is to fuse the spectral information of multi-band low-resolution image data with the resolution information of single-band high-resolution image data to obtain the spatial resolution of remote sensing images without reducing the spectral information as much as possible. A surface satellite / aerial survey image data is an image and some coordinate registration parameters. For a specific image picture ,It is necessary to integrate and fuse elevation data and related software, and match the accuracy, that is, solve the problems of projection transformation, scaling, range reduction, and coordinate matching. For this purpose, image data of different resolutions and different regions should be recorded in a special database; surface geographic information data: surface geographic information data, which can be used to mark various primitives on the surface of the three-dimensional model according to professional requirements. Not only can it draw the primitives of points, lines, and regions, but it can also mark text and graphic images to express the attribute information related to the model surface geometry model, such as rivers, railways, roads, lakes, cities, political regions, residential areas, railways, roads, water systems, and land cover information, and can simply manage this information. These data can be collected in the field or converted from special GIS system data. These primitive information should be displayed on the top surface of the model. ;

[0009] Preferably, the drilling data in step A is: the drilling data is the first-hand technical information recorded and sorted by geological technicians at the field drilling site, which plays a direct or indirect correction role in the generation of the model. The drilling data is generally stored in an EXCEL table or an ACCESS database. The drilling data stored in the EXCEL table is generally regional data with a small amount of data. The drilling information is stored in different tables with a generally large amount of data, which is a drilling list for a certain area or block; the drilling data stored in the ACCESSS database is data. After the drilling data is read from the ACCESS database, it is not directly applied, and it needs to be generalized manually or by the system according to certain rules before it can participate in the modeling. When editing and generating the model, the drilling trajectory can also be displayed on the screen in a graphical manner based on these data. Whether it is in an EXCEL table or ACCESS The drilling data information stored in the database must contain the following basic information: drilling number, geographical location, hole elevation, final hole depth, stratification information and lithology. Among them, the drilling number field type is character type, which is used to uniquely identify a drill L, which is convenient for finding drilling objects and accessing data; the geographical location information is to record the spatial position of the drill L, which contains two field types, both of which are floating-point data. If it is in the form of longitude and latitude, one field records the longitude and the other field records the latitude. If it is in the form of geodetic coordinates, one field records the x coordinate and the other field records the y coordinate; the hole elevation is used to record the starting position of the drilling, and the field type is floating point; the final hole depth field type is floating point type, which is used to record the vertical length of the drilling hole;The stratification information field type is a floating point type, which is used to record the stratification of the strata through which the borehole passes (generally recording the top interface elevation of each stratum); the lithology field type is a character type, which is mainly used to describe the lithology of each layer; the geological plane data is: the geological plane data is the geological plane map, which mainly reflects the exposure of each stratum on the surface, and plays a vital role in controlling the distribution of strata on the surface in the three-dimensional model. In the digital geological plan map stored in the software, it is required to give elevation attributes to the erosion line data or the stratigraphic outcrop line data, otherwise these line information cannot be located in three-dimensional space. The profile data is: the profile is a stratigraphic cross-section map drawn by geological professionals according to work requirements and drilling information. It should be noted that the profile map may not be a true reflection of the geological conditions, but it contains the reasoning and experience of technicians. It can be said that it is the closest reflection of the stratigraphic conditions. The storage format of the profile map is different because different technical teams use different software for drawing. The file formats for storing graphics are also different. There are mainly MAPGIS graphic data format and AUTOCAD graphic data format. The data input of the groundwater three-dimensional geological modeling system can reserve these two graphic file data interfaces. Specifically, if it is MAPGIS-graphic format, the graphic data can be converted into MAPGIS plain text file data format, and then read into the system for restoration; if it is AUTOCAD graphic data format, the DWG graphic file format can be converted into DXF standard graphic file format and read into the system. MAPGIS Mixed input of two graphic files, AUTOCAD and MAPGIS. For example, if you need to add lithology color to the profile, you can call the profile in MAPGIS, make a lithology color zone file, and then output the MAPGIS plain text file. This can solve the problem of profile data input. For the 3D modeling system, this method can solve the problem of expressing underground aquifers. The profile data must contain horizontal scale, vertical scale, and legend information to facilitate the system to convert profile data from different sources. Stratigraphic contour line data is: Stratigraphic contour line data is drawn by professional technicians based on drilling data and geophysical data, reflecting the changes in the stratigraphic interface in space. Since drilling can only reflect the information on a point, the profile can only reflect the information on a line, and the stratigraphic contour line data can express the information of a surface, the contour line data is very helpful for accurately establishing the position and geometric shape of each stratigraphic layer. When storing stratigraphic contour line data in GIs software, it is necessary to assign the elevation (or thickness, burial depth) value represented by each contour line in its attributes. ;

[0010] Preferably, the fault data in step A is: fault is a product of geological structure, indicating the fracture and dislocation of strata, which is of great significance for geological research, geological resource exploration, and groundwater flow field distribution. In addition, fault plays an important role in the generation of geological bodies and the determination of work area boundaries in geological modeling. Therefore, realistically depicting faults is an important task for geological modeling. Faults are a data type for depicting the spatial surface of groundwater system models. In the modeling process, it is necessary to clarify: the spatial distribution of the fault surface, the occurrence of different points on the fault, and the hydraulic properties of the fault. Fault data is mainly input in a graphical form and then used There are two ways to express faults on a plane. One is to draw the fault direction and mark the dip angle on a plane map, such as a plane map or a geological map; the other is to draw the fault line on a cross-section map. Combining these two maps, the spatial distribution of the fault will be clear at a glance. The fault attitude can be read by the system from the database data or given manually. The hydraulic properties of the fault are necessary for the subsequent groundwater simulation calculation and can be stored in the database or directly stored in the model fault attributes. The geophysical data are: geophysical technology plays an important role in geological exploration. The main exploration methods are seismic, electrical, geophysical, and gravity. From the geophysical data, we can get: point information, stratigraphic division In the modeling of groundwater systems, geophysical data and drilling data have the same role. They provide the division of aquifers according to the differences in physical properties, and express that the strata have the same physical and mechanical parameters or positions, such as the top plate, bottom plate, and groundwater level contour information of underground aquifers. Using these contour data, the modeling system can interpolate and fit the stratigraphic surface or fault surface. The dynamic data is: the dynamic data is the information on the monitored fluctuation process of groundwater level, water quality, and water temperature. This fluctuation reflects the characteristics of the distribution of river runoff in time and space to varying degrees. The main factors affecting groundwater changes are river runoff, evaporation and transpiration, and human irrigation processes. With the construction of a large number of water conservancy projects and the development of well irrigation, human activities have gradually intensified the interference with the dynamic process of groundwater. Therefore, the groundwater level monitoring data is used, or the water level data at a certain moment is simulated and analyzed by the system to generate the groundwater flow field map of the specified aquifer at a specified time, and the groundwater level change model is established to realize the dynamic simulation of groundwater movement. In the process of groundwater three-dimensional geological modeling, a special database needs to be established to store such data; the relevant documents are: the document materials are exploration and scientific research reports of the modeling area, including various project reports, regional hydrogeological survey reports, and special research reports. These materials are of great reference value for the establishment of the model.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention collects data on geological profiles, groundwater levels, lithology, structures, surface digital elevation models (DEMs), remote sensing image data, surface geographic information data, drilling data, geological plane data, profile data, stratigraphic contour data, fault data, geophysical data, dynamic data and related document materials. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can effectively integrate these data to establish a three-dimensional geological model, thereby making the established three-dimensional geological model more accurate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] A geophysical three-dimensional modeling method based on multi-data fusion includes the following steps: A. Data collection: Through geological exploration and surveying technology, geological data are obtained, including geological profiles, groundwater levels, lithology, structure, surface digital elevation model (DEM) data, remote sensing image data, surface geographic information data, drilling data, geological plane data, profile data, stratigraphic contour data, fault data, geophysical data, dynamic data and related documents; B. Data preprocessing: cleaning, adjusting and fusing the collected geological data to obtain high-quality geological data; C. Data analysis and processing: Based on the collected geological data, the data are analyzed and processed using geostatistics, geophysics and geological simulation methods to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics and attribute parameters of the geological objects; D. 3D grid modeling: According to the characteristics and attributes of geological data, select appropriate 3D grid modeling methods to model geological objects; E. Model verification and correction: Verify the accuracy and reliability of the 3D geological model by comparing it with the actual geological observation data, and correct and adjust the model. If errors or unreasonableness are found in the model, the model needs to be adjusted and corrected to make it consistent with the actual situation; F. Visualization and Analysis: Use computer technology and 3D visualization software to visualize and analyze the 3D geological model. By rotating, enlarging and mirroring the model, the spatial form and internal structure of the geological object can be observed and analyzed to provide a basis for decision-making and technical support.

[0014] Step B includes data cleaning, data adjustment and data fusion. Data cleaning refers to the processing of outliers and noise in the data to ensure the reliability of the data. Data adjustment refers to the adjustment of the scale, coordinates and resolution between different data for unified processing. Data fusion refers to the integration of different types of data to obtain more accurate and comprehensive geological information.

[0015] Step C These analysis and processing methods include: scale-free variogram, geostatistical interpolation methods and multi-point simulation.

[0016] Step D Commonly used 3D grid modeling methods include terrain interpolation, voxel grid construction, geometric model and random model. Among them, voxel grid modeling is one of the most commonly used methods. It divides the geological object into a series of voxel elements to express the geometric and attribute characteristics of the geological body.

[0017] The surface digital elevation model (DEM) data in step A is: the surface mathematical elevation model data is used to generate the top surface (ground surface) of the three-dimensional geological structure model. This part of the data can be obtained from the surveying and mapping authority or purchased from the Basic Geographic Information Center of the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The data purchased from the Basic Geographic Information Center is standard data. The data is stored in ARCINFO data format. There are many scales of DEM data. Among them, the national 1:250,000 database contains 816 topographic map data in space, covering the entire territory. The foreign part collects data along the border for 25 kilometers. The landforms are uniformly stored in the TERLK layer, including contour lines, depth contours, gullies and other DEMs. The contour intervals of contour lines are divided into three types nationwide: 40m, 50m, and 100m. When using them, they can be determined by referring to the equal distribution map. For standard data, data format conversion, scale transformation, and projection transformation can be performed as needed. In addition, if ready-made DEM data cannot be obtained, you can also use special geographic information system software to produce it with topographic maps, that is, digitize paper topographic maps and correct and calibrate them geometrically, and then extract elevation information - screen vector tracking of contour lines and assigning elevation values ​​to contour lines, while editing, checking, and splicing to generate various topological relationships, and finally use software to perform interpolation and cropping to generate DEM data;Remote sensing image data: Remote sensing images are the most direct and timely data form of earth space data. The surface of the model needs to be mapped with image data to express the real surface landscape. Due to the large capacity of image data, in order to display it quickly and with high quality, it is necessary to select the image with the most appropriate resolution for texture mapping according to the display range and display scale. A model can have multiple sets of satellite / aerial survey image data with different resolutions. Some image data may be limited to a certain part. Therefore, when displaying, all image data need to be read into memory to achieve multi-resolution display, which requires some technical processing, such as image format conversion. According to the different display resolutions and scales, it is converted into images of different resolutions such as BMP, TIFF, and GIF image formats. The processing of remote sensing image data mainly includes the geometric correction of remote sensing images and the fusion of image data of different resolutions. Generally, remote sensing processing software ERDAS and ENVI software are used for processing. The purpose of geometric correction of remote sensing images is to coordinate the pixels of image objects. After conversion operations and resampling, the remote sensing images can be put on the map. Projection and geographic coordinates are registered. Remote sensing image data fusion is to fuse the spectral information of multi-band low-resolution image data with the resolution information of single-band high-resolution image data to obtain the spatial resolution of remote sensing images without reducing the spectral information as much as possible. A surface satellite / aerial survey image data is an image and some coordinate registration parameters. For specific image pictures, it is necessary to integrate and fuse them according to elevation data and related software, and match the accuracy, that is, to solve the problems of projection transformation, scaling, range reduction, and coordinate matching. For this reason, image data of different resolutions and different regions should be recorded in a special database; surface geographic information data is: surface geographic information data, which can be used to mark various primitives on the surface of the three-dimensional model according to professional requirements. Not only can it draw the primitives of points, lines, and regions, but it can also mark text and graphic images to express the attribute information related to the model surface geometry model, such as rivers, railways, roads, lakes, cities, political regions, residential areas, railways, roads, water systems, and land cover information, and can simply manage this information. These data can be collected in the field or converted from special GIS system data. These primitive information should be displayed on the top surface of the model. ;

[0018] The drilling data in step A are: drilling data are the first-hand technical information recorded and sorted by geological technicians at the field drilling site. It plays a direct or indirect correction role in the generation of the model. The drilling data are generally stored in an EXCEL table or an ACCESS database. The drilling data stored in the EXCEL table are generally regional data with a small amount of data. The drilling information is stored in different tables with a large amount of data, which is a drilling list for a certain area or block; the drilling data stored in the ACCESSS database, data, after the drilling data is read from the ACCESS database, it is not directly applied, and it still needs to be generalized manually or by the system according to certain rules before it can participate in the modeling. When editing and generating the model, the drilling trajectory can also be displayed on the screen in a graphical manner based on these data, whether it is in an EXCEL table or ACCESS The drilling data information stored in the database must contain the following basic information: drilling number, geographical location, hole elevation, final hole depth, stratification information and lithology. Among them, the drilling number field type is character type, which is used to uniquely identify a drill L, which is convenient for finding drilling objects and accessing data; the geographical location information is to record the spatial position of the drill L, which contains two field types, both of which are floating-point data. If it is in the form of longitude and latitude, one field records the longitude and the other field records the latitude. If it is in the form of geodetic coordinates, one field records the x coordinate and the other field records the y coordinate; the hole elevation is used to record the starting position of the drilling, and the field type is floating point; the final hole depth field type is floating point type, which is used to record the vertical length of the drilling hole;The stratification information field type is a floating point type, which is used to record the stratification of the strata through which the borehole passes (generally recording the top interface elevation of each stratum); the lithology field type is a character type, which is mainly used to describe the lithology of each layer; the geological plane data is: the geological plane data is the geological plane map, which mainly reflects the exposure of each stratum on the surface, and plays a vital role in controlling the distribution of strata on the surface in the three-dimensional model. In the digital geological plan map stored in the software, it is required to give elevation attributes to the erosion line data or the stratigraphic outcrop line data, otherwise these line information cannot be located in three-dimensional space. The profile data is: the profile is a stratigraphic cross-section map drawn by geological professionals according to work requirements and drilling information. It should be noted that the profile map may not be a true reflection of the geological conditions, but it contains the reasoning and experience of technicians. It can be said that it is the closest reflection of the stratigraphic conditions. The storage format of the profile map is different because different technical teams use different software for drawing. The file formats for storing graphics are also different. There are mainly MAPGIS graphic data format and AUTOCAD graphic data format. The data input of the groundwater three-dimensional geological modeling system can reserve these two graphic file data interfaces. Specifically, if it is MAPGIS-graphic format, the graphic data can be converted into MAPGIS plain text file data format, and then read into the system for restoration; if it is AUTOCAD graphic data format, the DWG graphic file format can be converted into DXF standard graphic file format and read into the system. MAPGIS Mixed input of two graphic files, AUTOCAD and MAPGIS. For example, if you need to add lithology color to the profile, you can call the profile in MAPGIS, make a lithology color zone file, and then output the MAPGIS plain text file. This can solve the problem of profile data input. For the 3D modeling system, this method can solve the problem of expressing underground aquifers. The profile data must contain horizontal scale, vertical scale, and legend information to facilitate the system to convert profile data from different sources. Stratigraphic contour line data is: Stratigraphic contour line data is drawn by professional technicians based on drilling data and geophysical data, reflecting the changes in the stratigraphic interface in space. Since drilling can only reflect the information on a point, the profile can only reflect the information on a line, and the stratigraphic contour line data can express the information of a surface, the contour line data is very helpful for accurately establishing the position and geometric shape of each stratigraphic layer. When storing stratigraphic contour line data in GIs software, it is necessary to assign the elevation (or thickness, burial depth) value represented by each contour line in its attributes. ;

[0019] The fault data in step A are: faults are the product of geological structures, indicating the fracture and dislocation of strata. They are of great significance to geological research, geological resource exploration, and groundwater flow field distribution. In addition, faults play an important role in the formation of geological bodies and the determination of work area boundaries in geological modeling. Therefore, realistically depicting faults is an important task for geological modeling. Faults are a data type for depicting the spatial surface of groundwater system models. In the modeling process, it is necessary to clarify: the spatial distribution of the fault surface, the occurrence of different points on the fault, and the hydraulic properties of the fault. Fault data are mainly input in a graphical manner and then used for modeling. There are two ways to express faults on a plane. One is to draw the fault direction and mark the dip on a plane map, such as a plane map or a geological map; the other is to draw the fault line on a cross-section map. Combining these two maps, the spatial distribution of the fault will be clear at a glance. The fault attitude can be read by the system from the database data or given manually. The hydraulic properties of the fault are necessary for the subsequent groundwater simulation calculation and can be stored in the database or directly stored in the model fault attributes. The geophysical data are: geophysical technology plays an important role in geological exploration. The main exploration methods are seismic, electrical, geophysical, and gravity. From the geophysical data, we can obtain: point information, stratigraphic division and its In the modeling of groundwater systems, geophysical data and drilling data have the same role. They provide the division of aquifers according to the differences in physical properties, and express that the strata have the same physical and mechanical parameters or positions, such as the top plate, bottom plate, and groundwater level contour information of underground aquifers. Using these contour data, the modeling system can interpolate and fit the stratigraphic surface or fault surface. The dynamic data is: the dynamic data is the information of the monitored groundwater level, water quality, and water temperature fluctuation process. This fluctuation reflects the characteristics of the distribution of river runoff in time and space to varying degrees. The main factors affecting groundwater changes are river runoff, evaporation and transpiration, and human irrigation processes. With the large-scale With the construction of water conservancy projects and the development of well irrigation, human activities have gradually intensified the interference with the dynamic process of groundwater. Therefore, the groundwater level monitoring data is used, or the water level data at a certain moment is simulated and analyzed by the system to generate the groundwater flow field map of the specified aquifer at a specified time, and the groundwater level change model is established to realize the dynamic simulation of groundwater movement. In the process of groundwater three-dimensional geological modeling, a special database needs to be established to store such data; the relevant documents are: the document materials are exploration and scientific research reports of the modeling area, including various project reports, regional hydrogeological survey reports, and special research reports. These materials are of great reference value for the establishment of the model.

[0020] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A geophysical three-dimensional modeling method based on multi-data fusion, characterized by: The following steps are involved: A. Data collection: Through geological exploration and surveying technology, geological data are obtained, including geological profiles, groundwater levels, lithology, structure, surface digital elevation model (DEM) data, remote sensing image data, surface geographic information data, drilling data, geological plane data, profile data, stratigraphic contour data, fault data, geophysical data, dynamic data and related documents; B. Data preprocessing: cleaning, adjusting and fusing the collected geological data; C. Data analysis and processing: Based on the collected geological data, the data are analyzed and processed using geostatistics, geophysics and geological simulation methods; D. 3D grid modeling: According to the characteristics and attributes of geological data, select appropriate 3D grid modeling methods to model geological objects; E. Model verification and correction: Verify the accuracy and reliability of the 3D geological model by comparing it with the actual geological observation data. If errors or unreasonableness are found in the model, the model needs to be adjusted and corrected to make it consistent with the actual situation. F. Visualization and Analysis: Use computer technology and 3D visualization software to visualize and analyze the 3D geological model. By rotating, enlarging and mirroring the model, the spatial form and internal structure of the geological object can be observed and analyzed.

2. The method for geophysical three-dimensional modeling based on multi-data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step B includes data cleaning, data adjustment and data fusion. Data cleaning refers to processing outliers and noise in the data to ensure the reliability of the data. Data adjustment refers to adjusting the scale, coordinates and resolution between different data for unified processing. Data fusion refers to integrating different types of data to obtain more accurate and comprehensive geological information.

3. The method for geophysical three-dimensional modeling based on multi-data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis and processing methods in step C include: scale-free variogram, geostatistical interpolation method and multi-point simulation.

4. The method for geophysical three-dimensional modeling based on multi-data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The commonly used three-dimensional grid modeling methods in step D include terrain interpolation, voxel grid construction, geometric model and random model, among which voxel grid modeling is one of the most commonly used methods, which divides the geological object into a series of voxel elements to express the geometric and attribute characteristics of the geological body.

5. The method for geophysical three-dimensional modeling based on multi-data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface digital elevation model (DEM) data in step A is: surface mathematical elevation model data is used to generate the top surface (ground surface) of the three-dimensional geological structure model. This part of the data can be obtained from the surveying and mapping authority or purchased from the Basic Geographic Information Center of the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The data purchased from the Basic Geographic Information Center is standard data. The data is stored in ARCINFO data format. There are many scales of DEM data. Among them, the national 1:250,000 database contains 816 topographic map data in space, covering the entire national territory. The foreign part collects data along the border for 25 kilometers. The landforms are uniformly stored in the TERLK layer, including contour lines, depth contours, gullies and other DEMs. The contour intervals of contour lines are divided into three types nationwide: 40m, 50m, and 100m. When using them, they can be determined by referring to the equal distribution map. For standard data, data format conversion, scale transformation, and projection transformation can be performed as needed. In addition, if ready-made DEM data cannot be obtained, you can also use special geographic information system software to produce it with topographic maps, that is, digitize paper topographic maps and correct and calibrate them geometrically, and then extract elevation information - screen vector tracking of contour lines and assigning elevation values ​​to contour lines, while editing, checking, and splicing to generate various topological relationships, and finally use software to perform interpolation and cropping to generate DEM data;Remote sensing image data: Remote sensing images are the most direct and timely data form of earth space data. The surface of a model needs to be mapped with image data to express the real surface landscape. Due to the large capacity of image data, in order to display it quickly and with high quality, it is necessary to select the image with the most appropriate resolution for texture mapping based on the display range and display ratio. A model can have multiple sets of satellite / aerial survey image data with different resolutions. Some image data may be limited to a certain part. Therefore, when displaying, all image data needs to be read into memory to achieve multi-resolution display, which requires some technical processing, such as image format conversion, which can be converted into images of different resolutions such as BMP, TIFF, and GIF according to different display resolutions and ratios. Image format, the processing of remote sensing image data mainly includes the geometric correction of remote sensing images and the fusion of image data with different resolutions. Generally, remote sensing processing software ERDAS and ENVI software are used for processing. The purpose of geometric correction of remote sensing images is to coordinate the pixels of image objects. After conversion operations and resampling, the remote sensing images are aligned with map projections and geographic coordinates. Remote sensing image data fusion is to fuse the spectral information of multi-band low-resolution image data with the resolution information of single-band high-resolution image data to obtain the spatial resolution of remote sensing images without reducing the spectral information as much as possible. A surface satellite / aerial survey image data is an image and some coordinate registration parameters. For a specific image picture ,It is necessary to integrate and fuse elevation data and related software, and match the accuracy, that is, solve the problems of projection transformation, scaling, range reduction, and coordinate matching. For this purpose, image data of different resolutions and different regions should be recorded in a special database; surface geographic information data: surface geographic information data, which can be used to mark various primitives on the surface of the three-dimensional model according to professional requirements. Not only can it draw the primitives of points, lines, and regions, but it can also mark text and graphic images to express the attribute information related to the model surface geometry model, such as rivers, railways, roads, lakes, cities, political regions, residential areas, railways, roads, water systems, and land cover information, and can simply manage this information. These data can be collected in the field or converted from special GIS system data. These primitive information should be displayed on the top surface of the model. ; 6. The method for geophysical three-dimensional modeling based on multi-data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling data in step A are: drilling data are first-hand technical information recorded and sorted by geological technicians at the field drilling site. They play a direct or indirect correction role in the generation of the model. The drilling data are generally stored in an EXCEL table or an ACCESS database. The drilling data stored in the EXCEL table are generally regional data with a small amount of data. The drilling information is stored in different tables with a large amount of data, which is a drilling list for a certain area or block; the drilling data stored in the ACCESSS database are data. After the drilling data is read from the ACCESS database, it is not directly applied. It also needs to be generalized manually or by the system according to certain rules before it can participate in the modeling. When editing and generating the model, the drilling trajectory can also be displayed on the screen in a graphical manner based on these data. Whether it is in an EXCEL table or ACCESS The drilling data information stored in the database must contain the following basic information: drilling number, geographical location, hole elevation, final hole depth, stratification information and lithology. Among them, the drilling number field type is character type, which is used to uniquely identify a drill L, which is convenient for finding drilling objects and accessing data; the geographical location information is to record the spatial position of the drill L, which contains two field types, both of which are floating-point data. If it is in the form of longitude and latitude, one field records the longitude and the other field records the latitude. If it is in the form of geodetic coordinates, one field records the x coordinate and the other field records the y coordinate; the hole elevation is used to record the starting position of the drilling, and the field type is floating point; the final hole depth field type is floating point type, which is used to record the vertical length of the drilling hole;The stratification information field type is a floating point type, which is used to record the stratification of the strata through which the borehole passes (generally recording the top interface elevation of each stratum); the lithology field type is a character type, which is mainly used to describe the lithology of each layer; the geological plane data is: the geological plane data is the geological plane map, which mainly reflects the exposure of each stratum on the surface, and plays a vital role in controlling the distribution of strata on the surface in the three-dimensional model. In the digital geological plan map stored in the software, it is required to give elevation attributes to the erosion line data or the stratigraphic outcrop line data, otherwise these line information cannot be located in three-dimensional space. The profile data is: the profile is a stratigraphic cross-section map drawn by geological professionals according to work requirements and drilling information. It should be noted that the profile map may not be a true reflection of the geological conditions, but it contains the reasoning and experience of technicians. It can be said that it is the closest reflection of the stratigraphic conditions. The storage format of the profile map is different because different technical teams use different software for drawing. The file formats for storing graphics are also different. There are mainly MAPGIS graphic data format and AUTOCAD graphic data format. The data input of the groundwater three-dimensional geological modeling system can reserve these two graphic file data interfaces. Specifically, if it is MAPGIS-graphic format, the graphic data can be converted into MAPGIS plain text file data format, and then read into the system for restoration; if it is AUTOCAD graphic data format, the DWG graphic file format can be converted into DXF standard graphic file format and read into the system. MAPGIS Mixed input of two graphic files, AUTOCAD and MAPGIS. For example, if you need to add lithology color to the profile, you can call the profile in MAPGIS, make a lithology color zone file, and then output the MAPGIS plain text file. This can solve the problem of profile data input. For the 3D modeling system, this method can solve the problem of expressing underground aquifers. The profile data must contain horizontal scale, vertical scale, and legend information to facilitate the system to convert profile data from different sources. Stratigraphic contour line data is: Stratigraphic contour line data is drawn by professional technicians based on drilling data and geophysical data, reflecting the changes in the stratigraphic interface in space. Since drilling can only reflect the information on a point, the profile can only reflect the information on a line, and the stratigraphic contour line data can express the information of a surface, the contour line data is very helpful for accurately establishing the position and geometric shape of each stratigraphic layer. When storing stratigraphic contour line data in GIs software, it is necessary to assign the elevation (or thickness, burial depth) value represented by each contour line in its attributes. ; 7. The method for geophysical three-dimensional modeling based on multi-data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault data in step A are: faults are the product of geological structures, indicating the fracture and dislocation of strata. They are of great significance for geological research, geological resource exploration, and groundwater flow field distribution. In addition, faults play an important role in the formation of geological bodies and the determination of work area boundaries in geological modeling. Therefore, realistically depicting faults is an important task for geological modeling. Faults are a data type for depicting the spatial surface of groundwater system models. In the modeling process, it is necessary to clarify: the spatial distribution of the fault surface, the occurrence of different points on the fault, and the hydraulic properties of the fault. Fault data are mainly input in a graphical manner and then used for modeling. There are two ways to express faults on a plane. One is to draw the fault direction and mark the dip angle on a plane map, such as a plane map or a geological map; the other is to draw the fault line on a cross-section map. Combining these two maps, the spatial distribution of the fault will be clear at a glance. The fault attitude can be read by the system from the database data or given manually. The hydraulic properties of the fault are necessary for the subsequent groundwater simulation calculation and can be stored in the database or directly stored in the model fault attributes. The geophysical data are: geophysical technology plays an important role in geological exploration. The main exploration methods are seismic, electrical, geophysical, and gravity. From the geophysical data, we can get: point information, stratigraphic division and Its properties, in the groundwater system modeling, geophysical data and drilling data have the same role, providing the division of aquifers according to the difference in physical properties, expressing that the strata have the same physical and mechanical parameters or positions, such as the top plate, bottom plate, and groundwater level contour information of the underground aquifer. Using these contour data, the modeling system can interpolate and fit the stratigraphic surface or fault surface. The dynamic data is: dynamic data is the information of the monitored groundwater level, water quality, and water temperature fluctuation process. This fluctuation reflects the characteristics of the river runoff distribution in time and space to varying degrees. The main factors affecting groundwater changes are river runoff, evaporation and transpiration, and human irrigation processes. With the large With the construction of a number of water conservancy projects and the development of well irrigation, the interference of human activities on the dynamic process of groundwater has gradually intensified. Therefore, the groundwater level monitoring data is used, or the water level data at a certain moment is simulated and analyzed by the system to generate the groundwater flow field map of the specified aquifer at a specified time, and the groundwater level change model is established to realize the dynamic simulation of groundwater movement. In the process of groundwater three-dimensional geological modeling, a special database needs to be established to store such data; the relevant documents are: the document materials are exploration and scientific research reports of the modeling area, including various project reports, regional hydrogeological survey reports, and special research reports. These materials are of great reference value for the establishment of the model.