System and method for patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging protocol adjustment to obtain expected magnetic resonance image quality

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging protocol adjustment to obtain expected magnetic resonance image quality. A method includes receiving a selection of a scan protocol for scanning a subject, and obtaining a locator image including an anatomical landmark of interest of the subject acquired with an MRI system. The method includes automatically detecting the anatomical landmark of interest in the locator image and determining a scan geometry plan including an extent of the anatomical landmark of interest. The method includes automatically determining a coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest. The method includes obtaining a limit of adjustment of a scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol. The method includes generating an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan.

Description

Background Art

[0001] The subject matter disclosed herein relates to medical imaging, and more particularly to systems and methods for patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol adjustment to obtain desired MR image quality.

[0002] Non-invasive imaging techniques allow images of internal structures or features of a patient / object to be obtained without performing an invasive procedure on the patient / object. Specifically, such non-invasive imaging techniques rely on various physical principles (such as differential transmission of X-rays through a target volume, reflection of acoustic waves within a volume, paramagnetism of different tissues and materials within a volume, decomposition of target radionuclides within the body, etc.) to acquire data and construct an image or otherwise represent the observed internal features of the patient / object.

[0003] During MRI, when a substance such as human tissue is subjected to a uniform magnetic field (polarization field B0), the individual magnetic moments of the spins in the tissue attempt to align with the polarization field, but precess around it in a random order at their characteristic Larmor frequency. If the substance or tissue is subjected to a magnetic field (excitation field B1) that is in the xy plane and close to the Larmor frequency, the net alignment moment or "longitudinal magnetization" M z can be rotated or "tilted" into the xy plane to produce a net transverse magnetic moment M t After the excitation signal B1 is terminated, a signal is emitted by the excited spins and can be received and processed to form an image.

[0004] When these signals are used to generate images, the magnetic field gradient (G x , G y and G z ). Typically, the area to be imaged is scanned in a series of measurement cycles in which these gradient fields are varied according to the particular localization method used. The resulting set of received nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals is digitized and processed to reconstruct an image using one of the well-known reconstruction techniques.

[0005] Each MRI site defines a set of protocols for MR data acquisition that will produce MR images of a specific quality for typical patient sizes. A smart prescription for a scan of a specific subject provides the desired geometric planning for the scan, but ignores information about the patient size. This is done to ensure that image quality metrics associated with the site protocol are maintained. While this approach ensures that image quality is not disturbed, the scan time of the scan will vary based on the size of the patient. In addition, for a scan of a specific subject, MR technicians always change parameters associated with the scan protocol, which also changes image quality metrics (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, etc.). Summary of the invention

[0006] The following shows an overview of certain embodiments disclosed herein. It should be understood that these aspects are provided only to provide the reader with a brief overview of these specific embodiments, and these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In fact, the present disclosure may cover various aspects that may not be shown below.

[0007] In one embodiment, a computer-implemented method for performing a scan of a subject using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system is provided. The computer-implemented method includes receiving at a processor a selection of a scan protocol from a plurality of scan protocols for scanning a subject using the MRI system. The computer-implemented method also includes obtaining at the processor a localizer image, the localizer image including anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject acquired using the MRI system. The computer-implemented method also includes automatically detecting, via the processor, the anatomical landmarks of interest in the localizer image, and determining, based on the localizer image, a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmarks of interest, the geometric plan including a range of the anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject. The computer-implemented method even includes automatically determining, via the processor, a coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmarks of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmarks of interest based on the scan protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmarks of interest. The computer-implemented method also includes obtaining at the processor an adjusted limit on the scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol. The computer-implemented method also includes generating, via the processor, an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting, based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limit, and the coverage of the scan, one or more parameters of the scan protocol.

[0008] In another embodiment, a system for performing a scan of a subject using an MRI system is provided. The system includes a memory that encodes a processor executable routine. The system also includes a processor that is configured to access the memory and execute the processor executable routine, wherein the routine causes the processor to perform an action when executed by the processor. The action includes receiving a selection of a scan protocol from a plurality of scan protocols for scanning a subject using an MRI system. The action also includes obtaining an image including an anatomical landmark of interest of the subject collected using the MRI system, wherein the image has a higher resolution than the locator image. The action also includes automatically detecting the anatomical landmark of interest in the image, and determining a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmark of interest based on the image, the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest of the subject. The action even includes automatically determining the coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest. The action also includes obtaining an adjusted limit of the scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol. The action also includes generating an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limit, and the coverage of the scan.

[0009] In another embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes a processor executable code that causes the processor to perform an action when executed by the processor. The action includes receiving a selection of a scan protocol from a plurality of scan protocols for scanning a subject using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The action also includes obtaining a locator image, which includes an anatomical landmark of interest of the subject collected using the MRI system. The action also includes automatically detecting the anatomical landmark of interest in the locator image, and determining a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmark of interest based on the locator image, the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest of the subject. The action even includes automatically determining the coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol, including the geometric plan of the range of the anatomical landmark of interest. The action also includes obtaining an adjusted limit of the scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol. The action also includes generating an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limit, and the coverage of the scan. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present subject matter will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters refer to like parts throughout the several views, and in which:

[0011] Figure 1 An embodiment of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system suitable for use with the disclosed technology is illustrated;

[0012] Figure 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a site with multiple MRI systems according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0013] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating a prescription engine used by an MRI system according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 4 Illustrate various aspects of the present disclosure Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a first module of the prescription engine 188;

[0015] Figure 5 The present disclosure illustrates various aspects of the present disclosure for utilizing Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for performing a scan of a patient by an MRI system in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating a workflow for performing a scan of a patient according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 7 is an MR image obtained from an anatomical landmark of interest (e.g., the brain) of a subject;

[0018] Figure 8 is an MR image obtained from an anatomical landmark of interest (e.g., the brain) of a subject (e.g., taking into account patient dimensions) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;

[0019] Fig. 9 The present disclosure illustrates various aspects of the present disclosure for utilizing Figure 1 A flowchart of a method of performing a scan of a patient using an MRI system in the present invention (e.g., using a higher resolution image rather than a search or localizer image); and

[0020] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the output of an automatic parameter module according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] One or more specific embodiments will be described below. In order to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It should be understood that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, many implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as complying with system-related and business-related constraints that may vary from implementation to implementation. In addition, it should be understood that such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but are still routine tasks for design, fabrication, and manufacturing for ordinary technicians who benefit from this disclosure.

[0022] When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present subject matter, the articles "a," "an," "the," and "said" are intended to indicate that there are one or more elements. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are intended to be inclusive, and mean that there may be additional elements in addition to the listed elements. Furthermore, any numerical examples in the following discussion are intended to be non-limiting, and thus the additional numerical values, ranges, and percentages are within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.

[0023] Although various aspects of the following discussion are provided in the context of medical imaging, it should be understood that the technology disclosed in the present invention is not limited to such medical contexts. In fact, the examples and explanations are provided in such medical contexts only to facilitate explanation by providing examples of realistic specific implementations and applications. However, the technology disclosed in the present invention can also be used in other contexts, such as non-destructive inspection of manufactured parts or goods (i.e., quality control or quality review application scenarios) and / or image reconstruction of non-invasive inspection of packages, boxes, suitcases, etc. (i.e., security inspection or screening application scenarios). In general, the technology disclosed in the present invention can be used in any imaging or screening context or image processing or photography field, in which a group or class of collected data undergoes a reconstruction process to generate an image or volume.

[0024] The deep learning (DL) methods discussed herein may be based on artificial neural networks and may therefore encompass one or more of the following: deep neural networks, fully interconnected networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), unfolded neural networks, perceptrons, codecs, recurrent networks, wavelet filter banks, u-nets, generative adversarial networks (GANs), dense neural networks, or other neural network architectures. Neural networks may include shortcuts, activations, batch normalization layers, and / or other features. These techniques are referred to herein as DL techniques, although the term may also be used with particular reference to the use of deep neural networks, which are neural networks with multiple layers.

[0025] As discussed herein, DL techniques (which may also be referred to as deep machine learning, hierarchical learning, or deep structured learning) are a branch of machine learning techniques that employ mathematical representations of data and artificial neural networks for learning and processing such representations. For example, DL methods may be characterized as using one or more algorithms to extract or model highly abstract concepts of a class of data of interest. This may be accomplished using one or more processing layers, where each layer typically corresponds to a different level of abstraction, and thus may employ or utilize different aspects of the initial data or the output of the previous layer (i.e., a hierarchical or cascaded structure of layers) as the target of the process or algorithm of a given layer. In the context of image processing or reconstruction, this may be characterized as different layers corresponding to different feature levels or resolutions in the data. In general, the processing of one representation space to the next level representation space may be viewed as a "stage" of the process. Each stage of the process may be performed by a separate neural network or by different parts of a larger neural network.

[0026] The present disclosure provides systems and methods for improving prescriptions for MRI scans of subjects. Specifically, the systems and methods include receiving a selection of a scanning protocol from a plurality of scanning protocols for scanning a subject using an MRI system. The scanning protocol specifies specific anatomical landmarks (relative to all possible landmarks), pulse sequence parameters (e.g., echo time (TE), repetition time (TR), matrix size, etc.), and other factors associated with performing an MR scan. The systems and methods also include obtaining a locator image, which includes anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject acquired using the MRI system. The systems and methods also include automatically detecting anatomical landmarks of interest in the locator image, and determining a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmarks of interest based on the locator image, the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject. In certain embodiments, the systems and methods include obtaining an image (e.g., a non-diagnostic image) including anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject acquired from the subject, wherein the image has a higher resolution than a search or locator image. In certain embodiments, systems and methods include automatically detecting anatomical landmarks of interest in a locator image, and determining a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmark of interest based on the image (e.g., a higher resolution image), the geometric plan including the extent of the anatomical landmark of interest of the subject.

[0027] The systems and methods even include automatically determining the coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol and the geometric planning of the range including the anatomical landmark of interest. The systems and methods also include obtaining the adjusted limits of the scan time and one or more image quality parameters (e.g., image quality metrics) for the scan protocol. The systems and methods also include generating an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan.

[0028] In certain embodiments, the system and method include initiating a scan of the subject using an updated scan protocol. In certain embodiments, the updated scan protocol maintains the image quality of the acquired image obtained from the scan relative to the baseline protocol (i.e., the selected scan protocol). In certain embodiments, a certain contrast-to-noise ratio is maintained in the acquired image. In certain embodiments, the contrast remains constant, but the noise can be adjusted to a minimum, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within the desired limit). In certain embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired image. In certain embodiments, one or more adjusted parameters include the signal-to-noise ratio. In certain embodiments, the adjusted restrictions apply to the use of all MRI systems at sites with one or more MRI systems. The site can be a hospital, an MR imaging center, or other facilities with one or more MRI systems. The site can be part of a network (e.g., a hospital system) with multiple sites, wherein each site can have one or more MRI systems. Site-specific configurations or restrictions can be network-specific configurations or restrictions that can be the same across the entire network (i.e., all sites of the network). In certain embodiments, some sites of the network may not have an MRI system. In certain embodiments, the adjusted restrictions are based on the condition of the subject. In certain embodiments, the one or more adjusted parameters include matrix size (eg, MatrixX and MatrixY), ​​echo train length, and / or acceleration factors for parallel imaging.

[0029] The disclosed embodiments enable the use of a prescription engine that utilizes constraints related to patient size while ensuring that image quality does not differ from a baseline protocol within site-specific limitations. The disclosed embodiments enable scanning to be limited to anatomical structures of interest and avoid scanning unnecessary areas. The disclosed embodiments enable optimal image quality to be provided regardless of patient size variations and ensure reduced scan times. The disclosed embodiments enable wider acceptance of smart prescriptions. The disclosed embodiments enable less reliance on the expertise of MR technicians to obtain quality MR images at MR centers (i.e., avoiding interactions by technicians to update prescription parameters to optimize image quality and scan time). The disclosed embodiments enable consistent MR images of good quality to be provided to patients on MR scanners. The disclosed embodiments enable sites to configure the range of parameter adjustments for their preferences.

[0030] Considering the above, Figure 1 , a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system 100 is schematically illustrated as including a scanner 102, scanner control circuitry 104, and system control circuitry 106. According to embodiments described herein, the MRI system 100 is generally configured to perform MR imaging.

[0031] The system 100 also includes a remote access and storage system or device, such as a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) 108, or other devices, such as teleradiology equipment, that enable on-site or off-site access to data acquired by the system 100. In this way, MR data can be acquired and then processed and evaluated on-site or off-site. Although the MRI system 100 can include any suitable scanner or detector, in the illustrated embodiment, the system 100 includes a whole body scanner 102 having a housing 120 through which an aperture 122 is formed. An examination table 124 can be moved into the aperture 122 to allow a patient 126 (e.g., a subject) to be positioned therein to image selected anatomical structures within the patient's body.

[0032] The scanner 102 includes a series of associated coils for generating a controlled magnetic field for exciting gyromagnetic materials within the anatomical structure of the patient being imaged. Specifically, a primary magnetic coil 128 is provided for generating a primary magnetic field B0 that is generally aligned with the orifice 122. A series of gradient coils 130, 132, and 134 allow controlled gradient magnetic fields to be generated during an examination sequence for position encoding of certain gyromagnetic nuclei within the patient 126. A radio frequency (RF) coil 136 (e.g., an RF transmit coil) is configured to generate radio frequency pulses for exciting certain gyromagnetic nuclei within the patient. In addition to the coils that may be located locally at the scanner 102, the system 100 also includes a set of receiving coils or RF receiving coils 138 (e.g., a coil array) configured to be placed proximal to the patient 126 (e.g., against the patient). For example, the receiving coil 138 may include a cervical / thoracic / lumbar (CTL) coil, a head coil, a single-sided spine coil, etc. Generally, the receive coil 138 is placed near or on top of the patient 126 to receive the weak RF signals (weak relative to the transmit pulses generated by the scanner coil) generated by certain gyromagnetic nuclei in the patient's body when the patient 126 returns to his or her relaxed state.

[0033] The various coils of the system 100 are controlled by external circuitry to generate the required fields and pulses and to read the emission from the gyromagnetic material in a controlled manner. In the illustrated embodiment, the main power supply 140 provides power to the primary field coil 128 to generate the primary magnetic field Bo. The power input (e.g., power from a utility or grid), a power distribution unit (PDU), a power supply (PS), and a drive circuit 150 can provide power together to pulse the gradient field coils 130, 132, and 134. The drive circuit 150 may include an amplification and control circuit system for supplying current to the coils as defined by the digitized pulse sequence output by the scanner control circuit system 104.

[0034] Another control circuit 152 is provided for regulating the operation of the RF coil 136. The circuit 152 includes a switching device for alternating between an active mode of operation and a passive mode of operation, wherein the RF coil 136 transmits and does not transmit a signal, respectively. The circuit 152 also includes an amplification circuit system configured to generate RF pulses. Similarly, the receiving coil 138 is connected to a switch 154 that is capable of switching the receiving coil 138 between a receiving mode and a non-receiving mode. Thus, in the receiving mode, the receiving coil 138 resonates with the RF signal generated by the release of the gyromagnetic nuclei in the patient 126, and in the non-receiving mode, they do not resonate with the RF energy from the transmitting coil (i.e., the coil 136) to prevent undesired operation. In addition, the receiving circuit 156 is configured to receive data detected by the receiving coil 138, and may include one or more multiplexing and / or amplification circuits.

[0035] It should be noted that although the scanner 102 and control / amplification circuit system described above are illustrated as being coupled by a single line, in actual examples there may be many such lines. For example, separate lines may be used for control, data communication, power transmission, etc. In addition, appropriate hardware may be provided along each type of line for properly processing data and current / voltage. In practice, various filters, digitizers, and processors may be provided between the scanner and either or both of the scanner control circuit 104 and the system control circuit system 106.

[0036] As shown, the scanner control circuit system 104 includes an interface circuit 158 ​​that outputs signals for driving the gradient field coils and the RF coils and for receiving data representing magnetic resonance signals generated in the examination sequence. The interface circuit 158 ​​is coupled to a control and analysis circuit 160. Based on a defined scheme selected via the system control circuit 106, the control and analysis circuit 160 executes commands for driving the circuits 150 and 152.

[0037] The control and analysis circuitry 160 is also used to receive magnetic resonance signals and perform subsequent processing before transmitting the data to the system control circuitry 106. The scanner control circuitry 104 also includes one or more memory circuits 162 that store configuration parameters, pulse sequence descriptions, examination results, etc. during operation.

[0038] Interface circuit 164 is coupled to control and analysis circuit 160 for exchanging data between scanner control circuit system 104 and system control circuit system 106. In some embodiments, control and analysis circuit 160, although illustrated as a single unit, may include one or more hardware devices. System control circuit 106 includes interface circuit 166, which receives data from scanner control circuit system 104 and transmits data and commands back to scanner control circuit system 104. Control and analysis circuit 168 may include a CPU in a general or special purpose computer or workstation. Control and analysis circuit 168 is coupled to memory circuit 170 to store programming code for operating MRI system 100, and to store processed image data for later reconstruction, display and transmission. The programming code may execute one or more algorithms that are configured to perform reconstruction of acquisition data as described below when executed by a processor. In some embodiments, memory circuit 170 may store one or more neural networks for specifying parameters for scanning as described below. In some embodiments, image reconstruction may occur on a separate computing device having a processing circuit system and a memory circuit system.

[0039] The programming code may enable receiving a selection of a scanning protocol from a plurality of scanning protocols for scanning a subject using an MRI system. The programming code may also enable obtaining a locator image, which includes anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject collected using the MRI system. The programming code may also enable automatic detection of anatomical landmarks of interest in the locator image, and a geometric plan for determining the scanning of the anatomical landmarks of interest based on the locator image, the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject. The programming code even enables automatic determination of the coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmarks of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmarks of interest based on the scanning protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmarks of interest. The programming may also enable obtaining limits for adjustment of the scanning time and one or more image quality parameters (e.g., image quality metrics) for the scanning protocol. The programming code may also enable generating an updated scanning protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scanning protocol based on the scanning protocol, the limits for adjustment, and the coverage of the scan.

[0040] In certain embodiments, the programming code can enable the scanning of the subject to be initiated using the updated scanning protocol. In certain embodiments, the updated scanning protocol maintains the image quality of the acquired image obtained from the scanning relative to the baseline protocol (i.e., the selected scanning protocol). In certain embodiments, a certain contrast-to-noise ratio is maintained in the acquired image. In certain embodiments, the contrast remains constant, but the noise can be adjusted to a minimum, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within the desired limit). In certain embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired image. In certain embodiments, one or more adjusted parameters include the signal-to-noise ratio. In certain embodiments, the limit of adjustment is applicable to the use of all MRI systems at sites (e.g., hospitals, MR imaging centers, etc.) with one or more MRI systems. In certain embodiments, the limit of adjustment is based on the condition of the subject. In certain embodiments, one or more adjusted parameters include matrix size (e.g., MatrixX and MatrixY), ​​echo chain length and / or acceleration factor for parallel imaging.

[0041] Additional interface circuitry 172 may be provided for exchanging image data, configuration parameters, etc. with external system components (such as remote access and storage device 108). Finally, system control and analysis circuitry 168 may be communicatively coupled to various peripheral devices for facilitating operator interface and generating hard copies of reconstructed images. In the illustrated embodiment, these peripheral devices include a printer 174, a monitor 176, and a user interface 178, which includes devices such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen (e.g., integral to the monitor 176), and the like.

[0042] Figure 2 A site 180 with multiple MRI systems 100 is illustrated. The site 180 may be a hospital, an MRI center, or any other medical facility utilizing an MRI system 100. As shown, the site 180 has multiple MRI systems 100. In certain embodiments, the site 180 may have only a single MRI system 100. As described above, the site 180 may be part of a network (e.g., a hospital system) having multiple sites 180, wherein each site 180 may have one or more MRI systems 100. Site-specific configurations or restrictions may be network-specific configurations or restrictions that may be the same across the entire network (i.e., all sites 180 of the network). In certain embodiments, some sites 180 of the network may not have an MRI system 100. Each MRI system 100 includes a corresponding MRI scanner 102 coupled to a corresponding console 182 (e.g., an operator console). Each console 182 of the corresponding MRI system 100 is communicatively coupled to and is able to access a database 184 storing multiple scan protocols 186 utilized by the MRI system 100. A plurality of scan protocols 186 are configured to be used on all MRI systems 100 for a site 180. Each scan protocol 186 is configured for MRI data acquisition that produces an MR image of expected (e.g., specific) quality. Each scan protocol 186 is associated with site-specific restrictions (e.g., ranges of parameter adjustment) associated with scan time and image quality parameters. The site-specific restrictions may be part of the selected scan protocol or obtained separately from the database 184. These site-specific restrictions may be modified for a site 180 via a remote computing device and / or one of the consoles 182. Each console 182 is used to select a desired scan protocol 186 from a plurality of scan protocols 186. In addition, each console 182 utilizes a prescription engine (e.g., an intelligent prescription engine) that is configured to detect anatomical landmarks of interest and to prescribe a geometric plan for a scan (e.g., a diagnostic MRI scan) utilizing the selected scan protocol. As described in more detail below, the prescription engine may take into account the size of the patient (e.g., patient size-related constraints) to ensure that the scan is limited to the anatomical structures of interest (anatomical landmarks) and avoid scanning unnecessary areas. Furthermore, the prescription engine considers the site-specific constraints when modifying the prescription parameters of the scan protocol 186 to generate an updated scan protocol in which image quality will be maintained (ie, not different from the baseline protocol within the site-specific constraints) regardless of patient size.

[0043] Figure 3 An example of a method of using an MRI system (eg, Figure 1The prescription engine 188 is configured to provide the best image quality and the best scan time for a particular subject, and the anatomical landmarks give the range of the anatomical landmarks and the scan coverage determined based on the range of the anatomical landmarks. The prescription engine 188 includes a first module 190, a second module 192, and a third module 194. Each module 190, 192, and 194 can utilize one or more deep learning algorithms (and one or more trained neural networks) to perform their respective functions. The first module 190 (e.g., such as AIR from General Electric Healthcare) x TM A second module 192 (e.g., an automatic coverage module) is configured to automatically determine the coverage of the scan based on the scan protocol and the geometric plan (e.g., center and orientation) including the range (and landmarks) of the anatomical landmarks of interest. A third module 194 (e.g., an automatic parameter module) is configured to obtain limits (site-specific configuration limits) on the adjustment of the scan time and one or more image quality parameters. In some embodiments, the adjusted limits are based on the condition of the subject. The third module 194 is also configured to generate an updated scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan.

[0044] Each module 190, 192, and 194 can utilize one or more trained deep learning-based networks or models to perform various functions. Figure 4As depicted in , the first module 190 includes a trained localizer network 196, a trained overlay network 198, and a trained scan plane network 200. The trained localizer network 196 is configured to receive or obtain a localizer or search image 202 of a subject (e.g., a patient) obtained from an MRI scanner. The localizer image 202 is a series of images (e.g., two-dimensional (2D) images) in an axial plane, a sagittal plane, and a coronal plane (e.g., a 3-plane localizer scan). The localizer image 202 enables planning of slice locations for a higher resolution scan (e.g., a diagnostic scan) of the patient. The trained localizer network 196 is configured to determine whether a given localizer image 202 (e.g., coronal, axial, or sagittal) is suitable for identifying anatomical landmarks of interest. If the trained localizer network 196 determines that the obtained localizer image 202 is not suitable, a prompt is provided to the technologist to repeat the search scan. The trained overlay network 198 is configured to determine the extent of anatomical landmarks of interest (e.g., anterior-posterior (AP), right-left (RL), superior-inferior (SI)) in each locator image 202. The trained scan plane network 200 is configured to determine the optimal orientation and position for the target anatomical landmarks of interest from the locator image 202. In certain embodiments, the first module 190 can be used to obtain a higher resolution image of the subject (e.g., an axial image such as an axial T2W image). The higher resolution image has a higher resolution than the search or locator image.

[0045] Figure 5 Illustrated for use Figure 1 Flowchart of method 204 for performing a scan of a patient using MRI system 100 in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the MRI system utilizes an improved MR scanning workflow. One or more steps of method 204 may be performed by Figure 1 One or more of the steps of method 204 may be performed simultaneously or in parallel. Figure 5 The order in which the instructions are executed is different from the order depicted.

[0046] Method 204 includes receiving a signal from a user utilizing an MRI system (e.g., Figure 1 The method 204 also includes initiating a scout scan (e.g., a non-diagnostic scan) of the subject using the MRI system 100 to obtain a localizer or scout image (box 208). The localizer image is a series of images (e.g., two-dimensional (2D) images) in the axial plane, the sagittal plane, and the coronal plane (e.g., a 3-plane localizer scan). The method 204 also includes obtaining a localizer image that includes anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject (box 210).

[0047] Method 204 also includes automatically detecting anatomical landmarks of interest in the locator image, and determining a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmark of interest based on the locator image (e.g., prescription slices including centers and orientations), the geometric plan including a range of anatomical landmarks of interest for the subject (e.g., AP, RL, SI) (box 212). Figure 3 The first module 190 of the prescription engine 188 in is used in block 212 of the method 204. As part of the geometric planning, the first module 190 also determines the center and orientation. The first module 190 also determines the landmarks of the anatomical landmarks of interest.

[0048] The method 204 even includes automatically determining the coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scanning protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest (box 214). The determined coverage limits the scan to the anatomical landmark of interest and avoids scanning unnecessary areas. Figure 3 The second module 192 of the prescription engine 188 in is used in block 214 of the method 204. Determining the coverage includes determining and outputting one or more of the number of slices, the field of view in the X direction (FOV X), and the field of view in the Y direction (FOV Y).

[0049] Method 204 also includes obtaining adjusted constraints for the scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol (block 216). The constraints are site-specific constraints. These site-specific constraints may be part of the selected protocol or obtained from a database (e.g., Figure 2 The constraints are used as rules to maintain constraints on scan time and certain image quality parameters (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio) while maintaining the contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired images. In some embodiments, the contrast is kept constant, but the noise can be minimally adjusted, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within desired limits). These constraints can include ranges for scan time or image quality parameters (e.g., plus or minus a certain percentage). In some embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio can be maintained. It should be noted that although image quality is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio, other parameters can also be used to determine image quality. In some embodiments, the adjusted constraints are based on the condition of the subject. The adjusted constraints are determined by Figure 3 The third module 194 of the prescription engine 188 is obtained.

[0050] The method 204 also includes generating an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters (eg, prescription parameters) of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan (block 218). Figure 3The third module 194 of the prescription engine 188 in the embodiment of the present invention generates an updated scan protocol. The third module 194 for generating an updated scan protocol may output one or more of the following prescription parameters: the matrix size in the X direction (MatrixX), the matrix size in the Y direction (MatrixY), ​​the echo train length, and the acceleration factor of parallel imaging. These prescription parameters may affect the image quality. It should be noted that the prescription parameters that can be adjusted are not limited to these parameters. Fig.10 A list of additional prescription parameters that can be output / adjusted (e.g., a non-exhaustive and non-limiting list) is provided. Method 204 also includes initiating a scan (e.g., a diagnostic scan) of a subject using the MRI system using an updated scan protocol (box 220). The updated scan protocol maintains the image quality of the acquired images relative to the baseline protocol (i.e., the selected scan protocol). Maintaining image quality maintains image quality consistent with the desired site-specific image quality level. For a given scan protocol, in all different MRI systems at a site, maintain (e.g., consistent) image quality between all scans at the site. In some embodiments, maintain a contrast-to-noise ratio. In some embodiments, the contrast remains constant, but the noise can be minimally adjusted, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within desired limits). In some embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio are maintained.

[0051] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a workflow 222 for performing a scan of a patient is illustrated. The workflow 222 includes utilizing a module 190 (e.g., AIR x ) to automatically detect anatomical landmarks of interest in the localizer image, and determine a geometric plan (e.g., prescription slices including center and orientation) for a scan of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the localizer image, the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest (e.g., AP, RL, SI) of the subject. The localizer image is a series of images (e.g., two-dimensional (2D) images) in the axial plane, sagittal plane, and coronal plane (e.g., a 3-plane localizer scan) obtained from the search image of the subject. Module 190 outputs the range of the anatomical landmark of interest. Module 190 also outputs the center orientation.

[0052] As depicted in the workflow 222, a module 192 (e.g., an automatic coverage module) of the prescription engine 188 receives both the output of the module 190 and the selected protocol 224 for the scan of the subject. The module 192 automatically determines the coverage of the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest. The determined coverage limits the scan to the anatomical landmark of interest and avoids scanning unnecessary areas. The module 192 determines and outputs one or more slice numbers, a field of view in the X direction (FOV X), and a field of view in the Y direction (FOV Y).

[0053] As depicted in the workflow 222, a module 194 (e.g., an automatic parameter module) of the prescription engine 188 receives both the output of the module 192 and the selected protocol 224 for the scan of the subject. The module 194 also obtains constraints 226 (e.g., a site configuration) for adjustment of the scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol 224. The constraints are site-specific constraints. These site-specific constraints can be part of the selected protocol 224 or obtained from a database (e.g., Figure 2 The image quality is determined by the database 184 in the image acquisition system. These limits are used as rules to maintain constraints on scan time and certain image quality parameters (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio) while maintaining the contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired image. In some embodiments, the contrast remains constant, but the noise can be adjusted minimally, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within the desired limits). These limits can include a range of scan time or image quality parameters (e.g., plus or minus a certain percentage). In some embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio can be maintained. It should be noted that although image quality is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio, other parameters can also be used to determine image quality. In some embodiments, the adjusted limits 226 are based on the condition of the subject.

[0054] The module 194 generates an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters (e.g., prescription parameters) of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol 224, the adjusted limits 226, and the coverage of the scan. The module 194 that generates the updated scan protocol may output one or more of the following prescription parameters: the matrix size in the X direction (MatrixX), the matrix size in the Y direction (MatrixY), ​​the echo train length, and the acceleration factor for parallel imaging. These prescription parameters may affect the image quality. It should be noted that the prescription parameters that can be adjusted are not limited to these parameters. These are just a few examples of prescription parameters. Fig.10 A list of additional recipe parameters that may be exported / adjusted is provided (eg, a non-exhaustive and non-limiting list).

[0055] As depicted in workflow 222, after updating scan protocol 224, a scan (e.g., a diagnostic scan) of a subject using the MRI system is initiated using the updated scan protocol (as indicated by reference numeral 228). The updated scan protocol maintains the image quality of the acquired images relative to the baseline protocol (i.e., the selected scan protocol). Maintaining image quality maintains image quality consistent with the desired site-specific image quality level. For a given scan protocol, in all different MRI systems at a site, image quality is maintained (e.g., consistent) between all scans at the site. In some embodiments, the contrast-to-noise ratio is maintained. In some embodiments, the contrast remains constant, but the noise can be minimally adjusted, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within desired limits). In some embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio are maintained.

[0056] Figure 7 is an MR image 230 obtained from an anatomical landmark of interest (eg, the brain) of the subject. Figure 8 MR image 232 is also obtained from an anatomical landmark of interest (e.g., the brain) of the subject. Image 230 was obtained with the correct orientation and center. However, the acquisition of image 230 did not take into account the size of the patient, and therefore, the default protocol for FOV / coverage was utilized. Image 232 was obtained using an updated protocol from the prescription engine 188 described above. Specifically, image 232 was obtained with the correct orientation and center. In addition, image 232 is an image with the FOV and number of slices reduced to match the size of the subject's head. Specifically, the prescription engine 188 is adapted to the subject, but maintains the desired image quality for that site.

[0057] Fig. 9 Illustrated for use Figure 1 A flowchart of a method 234 for performing a scan of a patient using an MRI system in a computer program product (eg, using a higher resolution image rather than a search or localizer image). One or more steps of the method 204 may be performed by Figure 1 One or more of the steps of method 234 may be performed simultaneously or in parallel. Fig. 9 The order in which the instructions are executed is different from the order depicted.

[0058] Method 234 includes receiving a signal from a user utilizing an MRI system (e.g., Figure 1The method 234 further includes selecting a scan protocol from a plurality of scan protocols for scanning a subject (e.g., a patient) using the MRI system 100 in the apparatus (box 236). The scan protocol is used as a baseline protocol. The method 234 also includes initiating a scan (e.g., a non-diagnostic scan) of the subject using the MRI system to obtain a higher resolution image (but not a diagnostic image) (box 238). The higher resolution image has a higher resolution than the search and locator images. The method 234 also includes obtaining a higher resolution image that includes anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject (box 240).

[0059] The method 234 also includes automatically detecting anatomical landmarks of interest in the localizer image, and determining a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmarks of interest based on the higher resolution image (e.g., prescription slices including centers and orientations) (block 242). Determining the geometric plan (block 242) also includes determining the extent of the anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject (e.g., AP, RL, SI). Figure 3 The first module 190 of the prescription engine 188 in is used in block 242 of the method 234. As part of the geometric planning, the first module 190 also determines the center and orientation. The first module 190 also determines the landmarks of the anatomical landmarks of interest.

[0060] The method 234 even includes automatically determining the coverage of the scan to include and match the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol, geometric planning, and the range of the anatomical landmark of interest (box 244). The determined coverage limits the scan to the anatomical landmark of interest and avoids scanning unnecessary areas. Figure 3 The second module 192 of the prescription engine 188 in is used in block 244 of the method 234. Determining the coverage includes determining and outputting one or more of the number of slices, the field of view in the X direction (FOV X), and the field of view in the Y direction (FOV Y).

[0061] Method 234 also includes obtaining adjusted constraints for the scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol (block 246). The constraints are site-specific constraints. These site-specific constraints may be part of the selected protocol or obtained from a database (e.g., Figure 2The constraints are used as rules to maintain constraints on scan time and certain image quality parameters (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio) while maintaining the contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired images. In some embodiments, the contrast is kept constant, but the noise can be minimally adjusted, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within desired limits). These constraints can include ranges for scan time or image quality parameters (e.g., plus or minus a certain percentage). In some embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio can be maintained. It should be noted that although image quality is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio, other parameters can also be used to determine image quality. In some embodiments, the adjusted constraints are based on the condition of the subject. The adjusted constraints are determined by Figure 3 The third module 194 of the prescription engine 188 is obtained.

[0062] The method 234 also includes generating an updated scan protocol by automatically adjusting one or more parameters (eg, prescription parameters) of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan (block 248). Figure 3 The third module 194 of the prescription engine 188 in the embodiment of the present invention generates an updated scan protocol. The third module 194 for generating an updated scan protocol may output one or more of the following prescription parameters: the matrix size in the X direction (MatrixX), the matrix size in the Y direction (MatrixY), ​​the echo train length, and the acceleration factor of parallel imaging. These prescription parameters may affect the image quality. It should be noted that the prescription parameters that can be adjusted are not limited to these parameters. Fig.10 A list of additional prescription parameters that can be output / adjusted (e.g., a non-exhaustive and non-limiting list) is provided. Method 234 also includes initiating a scan (e.g., a diagnostic scan) of a subject using the MRI system using an updated scan protocol (box 250). The updated scan protocol maintains the image quality of the acquired images relative to the baseline protocol (i.e., the selected scan protocol). Maintaining image quality maintains image quality consistent with the desired site-specific image quality level. For a given scan protocol, in all different MRI systems at a site, image quality is maintained (e.g., consistent) between all scans at the site. In some embodiments, the contrast-to-noise ratio is maintained. In some embodiments, the contrast remains constant, but the noise can be minimally adjusted, thereby slightly adjusting the contrast-to-noise ratio (but keeping it within desired limits). In some embodiments, both the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio are maintained.

[0063] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the output of the automatic parameter module. Specifically, Fig.10 Include List Figure 3252 of the output of the third module 194 (e.g., the automatic parameter module) in FIG. 254. The output is the prescription parameters that can be adjusted by the third module 194. Table 252 is a non-exhaustive and non-limiting list of prescription parameters that are adjusted. As depicted in Table 252, the output may include matrixX, matrixY, repetition time (TR), readout bandwidth, echo time (TE), average number, phase oversampling factor, flip angle, heart rate, respiratory rate, post-processing filter parameters, slice oversampling factor, number of slices, slice interval, slice thickness, diffusion B value, average number of each B value, inversion time, and fast imaging acceleration for compressed sensing, echo train length (ETL), and acceleration factor for parallel imaging.

[0064] The technical effects of the disclosed subject matter include providing the use of a prescription engine that utilizes constraints related to patient size while ensuring that image quality does not differ from a baseline protocol within site-specific limitations. The technical effects of the disclosed subject matter also include limiting the scan to the anatomical structure of interest and avoiding scanning unnecessary areas. The technical effects of the disclosed subject matter also include providing optimal image quality regardless of changes in patient size and ensuring reduced scan time. The technical effects of the disclosed subject matter also include enabling more widespread acceptance of smart prescriptions. The technical effects of the disclosed subject matter even further include less reliance on the expertise of MR technicians to obtain quality MR images at MR centers (i.e., avoiding interactions that technicians use to update prescription parameters to optimize image quality and scan time). The technical effects of the disclosed subject matter also further include providing patients with consistent MR images of good quality on MR scanners. The technical effects of the disclosed subject matter even include enabling sites to configure the range of parameter adjustments for their preferences.

[0065] Reference is made to the technology presented and claimed herein and applied to physical and specific examples of a practical nature that clearly improves upon the present state of the art and, therefore, is not abstract, intangible, or purely theoretical. In addition, if any claim appended to the end of this specification contains one or more elements designated as "means for [performing] the function of ..." or "steps for [performing] the function of ...," it is intended that such elements be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. § 112(f). However, for any claim containing elements designated in any other manner, it is not intended that such elements be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. § 112(f).

[0066] This written description uses examples to disclose the subject matter, including the best mode, and also to enable those skilled in the art to practice the subject matter, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any included methods. The patentable scope of the subject matter is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insignificant differences from the literal language of the claims.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for performing a scan of a subject using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the method comprising: receiving, at a processor, a selection of a scan protocol from a plurality of scan protocols for scanning the subject using the MRI system; obtaining, at the processor, a localizer image including anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject acquired using the MRI system; automatically detecting, via the processor, the anatomical landmark of interest in the localizer image, and determining a geometric plan for scanning the anatomical landmark of interest based on the localizer image, the geometric plan including an extent of the anatomical landmark of interest of the subject; automatically determining, via the processor, a coverage area of ​​the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest; obtaining, at the processor, an adjusted limit on scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol; as well as An updated scan protocol is generated via the processor by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan. 2 . The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising initiating, via the processor, the scan of the subject using the updated scan protocol.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the updated scan protocol maintains image quality of acquired images obtained from the scan relative to the scan protocol. 4 . The computer-implemented method of claim 3 , wherein maintaining the image quality comprises maintaining a contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired image. The computer-implemented method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more adjusted parameters include a signal-to-noise ratio.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein maintaining the image quality comprises maintaining both a signal-to-noise ratio and a contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired image.

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusted limit applies to use of all MRI systems at a site having one or more MRI systems including the MRI system, or applies to use of all MRI systems on a network having multiple MRI systems at multiple sites including the MRI system.

8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the adjusted limits are based on a condition of the subject.

9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more adjusted parameters include one or more of a matrix size, an echo train length, an acceleration factor for parallel imaging, a repetition time, a readout bandwidth, an echo time, a number of averages, a phase oversampling factor, a flip angle, a heart rate, a respiratory rate, a post-processing filter parameter, a slice oversampling factor, a number of slices, a slice interval, a slice thickness, a diffusion B value, a number of averages for each B value, an inversion time, and a fast imaging acceleration for compressed sensing.

10. A system for performing a scan of a subject using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the system comprising: a memory encoding a processor-executable routine; and a processor configured to access the memory and to execute the processor-executable routine, wherein the processor-executable routine, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to: receiving a selection of a scan protocol from a plurality of scan protocols for scanning the subject using the MRI system; obtaining a localizer image, the localizer image comprising anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject acquired using the MRI system; automatically detecting the anatomical landmark of interest in the localizer image, and determining a geometric plan for the scan of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the localizer image, the geometric plan including an extent of the anatomical landmark of interest of the subject; automatically determining a coverage area of ​​the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest; obtaining an adjusted limit for scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol; and An updated scan protocol is generated by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor-executable routine, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to initiate the scan of the subject using the updated scan protocol.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the updated scan protocol maintains image quality of acquired images obtained from the scan relative to the scan protocol.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein maintaining the image quality comprises maintaining a contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired image.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more adjusted parameters include a signal-to-noise ratio.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein maintaining the image quality comprises maintaining both a signal-to-noise ratio and a contrast-to-noise ratio in the acquired image.

16. The system of claim 10, wherein the adjusted limit applies to use of all MRI systems at a site having one or more MRI systems including the MRI system, or applies to use of all MRI systems on a network having multiple MRI systems at multiple sites including the MRI system.

17. The system of claim 10, wherein the adjusted limits are based on a condition of the subject.

18. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more adjusted parameters include one or more of a matrix size, an echo train length, an acceleration factor for parallel imaging, a repetition time, a readout bandwidth, an echo time, a number of averages, a phase oversampling factor, a flip angle, a heart rate, a respiratory rate, a post-processing filter parameter, a slice oversampling factor, a number of slices, a slice interval, a slice thickness, a diffusion B value, a number of averages for each B value, an inversion time, and a fast imaging acceleration for compressed sensing.

19. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising processor executable code which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: receiving a selection of a scan protocol from a plurality of scan protocols for scanning a subject using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system; obtaining an image including anatomical landmarks of interest of the subject acquired using the MRI system, wherein the image has a higher resolution than the localizer image; automatically detecting the anatomical landmark of interest in the image, and determining a geometric plan for the scan of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the image, the geometric plan including an extent of the anatomical landmark of interest of the subject; automatically determining a coverage area of ​​the scan to include the anatomical landmark of interest and to match the range of the anatomical landmark of interest based on the scan protocol and the geometric plan including the range of the anatomical landmark of interest; obtaining an adjusted limit for scan time and one or more image quality parameters for the scan protocol; and An updated scan protocol is generated by automatically adjusting one or more parameters of the scan protocol based on the scan protocol, the adjusted limits, and the coverage of the scan.

20. A non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 19, wherein the processor executable code, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to initiate the scan of the subject using the updated scan protocol, and wherein the updated scan protocol maintains the contrast-to-noise ratio of the acquired images obtained from the scan relative to the scan protocol.

Images