A laser fusion target capsule and fusion power generation and propulsion system based on deuterium-helium fuel

Abstract

The present invention provides a laser fusion target capsule and a fusion power generation and propulsion system. The laser fusion target capsule is spherical and comprises, from the inside to the outside, a deuterium-tritium gas layer, a solid fusion material layer, a deuterium-helium fuel layer, and a high-density carbon spherical shell layer. The fusion power generation and propulsion method provided by the present invention comprises: using multiple beams of high-energy repetition-rate lasers to drive the spherical target capsule to implode, using deuterium-tritium fuel with a low ignition threshold temperature to ignite deuterium-helium fuel with a high ignition threshold temperature, and converting the fusion energy released by pulsed fusion into steadily output electrical energy or space propulsion power through a magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device. The present invention is characterized in that it can achieve fusion energy release with a high repetition frequency and high laser energy utilization efficiency at room temperature, and is suitable for fusion power generation on Earth as well as for fusion power generation on extraterrestrial bodies such as the moon where abundant helium fuel is present, and for space propulsion of spacecraft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of nuclear fusion and space propulsion, and in particular to a laser fusion target capsule and a fusion power generation and propulsion system based on deuterium-helium fuel. Background Art

[0002] Laser fusion holds the promise of providing humanity with a clean, safe, and ultimate energy source. In 2022, humanity achieved the first-ever laser-driven fusion ignition using frozen deuterium-tritium fuel, demonstrating its feasibility. However, this method, due to its use of frozen deuterium-tritium fuel and indirect drive, is difficult to apply to future high-frequency, high-efficiency, and low-cost laser fusion power generation and space propulsion.

[0003] In recent years, research institutions such as Helion Corporation in the United States have proposed a magnetic confinement fusion scheme based on deuterium-helium fuel. One purpose of this scheme is to use more stable helium fuel (a helium isotope with atomic number 2 and mass number 3, represented by the symbol He in this invention) to replace the radioactive tritium fuel with a half-life of 12.5 years. This scheme utilizes a reverse-field magnetic confinement scheme, using extremely strong magnetic fields to confine large-scale, high-temperature, dilute plasma in a near-steady state to produce net fusion energy output. However, magnetic confinement fusion is characterized by its large size, extremely high fusion plasma temperature, close distance to the first wall of the reactor, and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a laser fusion target capsule and fusion power generation and propulsion system based on deuterium-helium fuel, which are used to solve the problems in the prior art such as the high price of deuterium-tritium fuel, the inability to store radioactive tritium fuel with a half-life of 12.5 years for a long time, and the easy generation of high-energy neutrons during deuterium-tritium fusion.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a laser fusion target capsule. The laser fusion target capsule is spherical and comprises, from the inside to the outside:

[0006] Deuterium-tritium gas layer;

[0007] a layer of solid fusion material;

[0008] Deuterium-helium fuel layer;

[0009] High-density carbon spherical shell;

[0010] Wherein, the solid fusion material layer is selected from one of lithium deuteride, lithium borodeuteride, and lithium borodeuteride tritide.

[0011] The present invention also provides a fusion power generation and propulsion system, comprising:

[0012] Nuclear fusion generators and magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion devices;

[0013] The nuclear fusion generating device includes the fusion target capsule as described above, a laser emitter, a fusion target chamber, a reactor containment vessel, and a target capsule storage chamber; the target capsule storage chamber is provided at one end of the fusion target chamber and is suitable for the fusion target capsule to be ejected from the target capsule storage chamber to the center of the fusion target chamber; the laser emitter is provided on the wall of the fusion target chamber, and the laser emitted by the laser emitter is focused on the center of the fusion target chamber; the laser fusion target capsule and the fusion target chamber are both provided in the reactor containment vessel;

[0014] The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device includes a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel and / or an ion thruster; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel is arranged to penetrate the fusion target chamber; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel has a magnetic field, which is suitable for converting the energy of the high-temperature plasma generated by fusion into electrical energy, and the ion thruster is suitable for ejecting the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma airflow to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0015] The present invention also provides a fusion power generation and propulsion method based on the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0016] The fusion target capsule is ejected from the target capsule storage cavity to the center of the fusion target chamber at a certain frequency. Multiple laser beams are used to focus and irradiate the fusion target capsule. The laser drives the fusion target capsule to implode, causing the deuterium-tritium gas layer in the center of the fusion target capsule to undergo fusion ignition, igniting the deuterium-helium fuel layer. High-temperature plasma is generated through fusion combustion. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel converts the energy of the high-temperature plasma into smoothly output electrical energy. The ion thruster ejects the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma airflow to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0017] As described above, the deuterium-helium fuel-based laser fusion target capsule and fusion power generation and propulsion system of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention provides a laser fusion target capsule comprising, from the inside out, a deuterium-tritium gas layer, a solid fusion material layer, a deuterium-helium fuel layer, and a high-density carbon spherical shell layer. Furthermore, the present invention's fusion target capsule can drive the implosion of the spherical fuel using multiple high-energy, high-power nanosecond lasers, causing the deuterium-tritium fuel in the fuel center to undergo fusion ignition. The combustion wave generated by the deuterium-tritium fusion ignites the deuterium-helium fuel arranged around the deuterium-tritium fuel, releasing a large amount of fusion energy. The energy generated by the fusion is converted by a magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device into steadily output electrical energy or used for space propulsion through an ion thruster. The present invention's method for laser direct-driven fusion power generation based on deuterium-helium fuel uses deuterium-tritium fuel with a lower ignition threshold temperature (about 5 keV) to ignite deuterium-helium fuel with a higher ignition threshold temperature (about 28 keV), enabling high-repetition-rate fusion at room temperature, with a single fusion process occurring on the order of tens of nanoseconds. The laser waveform optimized and designed by machine learning can achieve fusion energy release with high laser energy utilization efficiency. It is suitable for fusion power generation in extraterrestrial bodies such as the moon where there is a large amount of helium fuel, and is also suitable for space propulsion of large aerospace facilities.

[0019] The fusion power generation method of the present invention converts ordinary hydrogen elements into fusion fuels such as deuterium and helium through the neutrons and high-energy deuterium ions of the fusion products. Figure 2 The fusion reaction and fuel cycle shown significantly reduce the economic cost of fusion fuel. The present invention also has the advantages of a relatively long spatial distance between the plasma generated by laser fusion and the first wall of the reactor, the absence of neutrons in the deuterium-helium fusion reaction, and the abundance of helium fuel in extraterrestrial bodies such as the moon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the laser fusion target and driving laser based on deuterium-helium fuel.

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the fusion reaction and fuel cycle based on deuterium-helium fuel; red represents the main fusion reaction; yellow represents the secondary fusion reaction; and blue represents the fuel generation reaction.

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of fusion power generation and propulsion based on laser direct-driven fusion.

[0023] Explanation of Figure Numbers

[0024] 1. Deuterium-tritium gas layer; 2. Solid fusion material layer; 3. Deuterium-helium fuel layer; 4. High-density carbon sphere shell layer; 10. Fusion target capsule; 11. Laser emitter; 12. Fusion target chamber; 13 Reactor containment vessel; 100. Nuclear fusion generator; 20. Target capsule storage chamber; 30. Magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel; 31. Ion thruster; 32. High-speed plasma gas flow; 300. Magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0027] In addition, it should be understood that one or more method steps mentioned in the present invention do not exclude the existence of other method steps before or after the combination step or the insertion of other method steps between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless otherwise specified; and, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of each method step is merely a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of each method step or to define the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships, without substantially changing the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention.

[0028] Please refer to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show components relevant to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape, and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity, and proportion of each component may be varied arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complex.

[0029] A first aspect of the present invention provides a laser fusion target capsule, wherein the fusion target capsule is spherical and comprises, from the inside to the outside:

[0030] Deuterium-tritium gas layer 1;

[0031] Solid fusion material layer 2;

[0032] Deuterium-helium fuel layer 3;

[0033] High-density carbon spherical shell 4;

[0034] The solid fusion material layer 2 is selected from lithium deuteride, lithium borodeuteride, and lithium borodeuteride tritide, and may also be other fusion materials that are solid at room temperature.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer radius of the fusion target pellet 10 is 1000-2000 μm, for example, 1000 μm, 1500 μm, 1600 μm, 1800 μm or 2000 μm.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the deuterium-tritium gas layer 1 has a thickness of 1000 to 1800 μm, for example, 1000 μm, 1400 μm, 1600 μm or 1800 μm; and a density of 0.0001 to 0.001 g / cc, for example, 0.0001 g / cc, 0.0004 g / cc, 0.0005 g / cc, 0.0009 g / cc or 0.001 g / cc.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the solid fusion material layer 2 is 20 to 200 μm. For example, it is 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, or 200 μm. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid fusion material layer 2 is lithium deuteride. The density of the lithium deuteride is 0.8 to 0.9 g / cc. For example, it is 0.8 g / cc, 0.85 g / cc, or 0.9 g / cc. The lithium deuteride layer can withstand a gas pressure of not less than 10 atmospheres. In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the lithium deuteride layer is 30 μm.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is 0-500 μm, for example, 0 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm or 500 μm.

[0039] The density of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is 0.1-0.3 g / cc, for example, 0.1 g / cc, 0.15 g / cc, 0.2 g / cc, 0.25 g / cc or 0.3 g / cc.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the high-density carbon spherical shell layer 4 is 20-50 μm, for example, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm or 50 μm.

[0041] The initial density of the high-density carbon sphere shell layer 4 is 3-4 g / cc, for example, 3 g / cc, 3.2 g / cc, 3.4 g / cc, 3.6 g / cc, 3.8 g / cc, or 4 g / cc. The high-density carbon sphere shell layer 4 can withstand a gas pressure of not less than 10 atmospheres.

[0042] A second aspect of the present invention provides a fusion power generation and propulsion system, comprising:

[0043] Nuclear fusion generator 100 and magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300;

[0044] The nuclear fusion generating device 100 includes the fusion target capsule 10, a laser emitter 11, a fusion target chamber 12, a reactor containment vessel 13, and a target capsule storage chamber 20 as described above. The target capsule storage chamber 20 is located at one end of the fusion target chamber 12 and is suitable for the fusion target capsule 10 to be ejected from the target capsule storage chamber 20 to the center of the fusion target chamber 12. The laser emitter 11 is located on the wall of the fusion target chamber 12. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 11 is focused on the center of the fusion target chamber 12. The laser fusion target capsule 10 and the fusion target chamber 12 are both located in the reactor containment vessel 13.

[0045] The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 includes a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 and / or an ion thruster 31; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 is arranged to pass through the fusion target chamber 12; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 has a magnetic field, which is suitable for converting the energy of the high-temperature plasma generated by fusion into electrical energy, and the ion thruster 31 is suitable for ejecting the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow 32 to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0046] The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 of the present invention converts the energy released by fusion into electrical energy on the one hand, and generates space propulsion power for the spacecraft by ejecting high-speed plasma airflow on the other hand.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nuclear fusion power generation system further includes a vacuum pump device, which is suitable for extracting residual plasma in the fusion target chamber 12 to the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 to provide a clean laser transmission channel for the next laser fusion.

[0048] A third aspect of the present invention provides a fusion power generation and propulsion method based on the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0049] The fusion target capsule 10 is ejected from the target capsule storage chamber 20 to the center of the fusion target chamber at a certain frequency. Multiple laser beams are used to focus and irradiate the fusion target capsule 10. The laser ablation effect drives the fusion target capsule 10 to implode, causing the deuterium-tritium gas layer in the center of the fusion target capsule 10 to undergo fusion ignition, igniting the deuterium-helium fuel layer. High-temperature plasma is generated through fusion combustion. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 converts the energy of the high-temperature plasma into smoothly output electrical energy. The ion thruster 31 ejects the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow 32 to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the energy range of the laser is 1 to 10 MJ, for example, 1 MJ, 2 MJ, 5 MJ or 10 MJ.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the laser has a repetition rate of 1 to 100 Hz, for example, 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 50 Hz, or 100 Hz.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the peak power of the laser is 100 to 500 TW, for example, 100 TW, 300 TW, or 500 TW. The temporal waveform of the laser power meets the isentropic compression requirements of the fuel.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the repetition frequency of the fusion is not less than 1 time per second.

[0054] In the nuclear fusion power generation method of the present invention, a large number of fusion target pellets 10 are first ejected from a pellet storage chamber 20 to the center of a fusion target chamber 12 at a constant frequency. Once the fusion target pellets 10 reach the center of the fusion target chamber 12, multiple laser beams focused from the walls of the chamber 12 are directed onto the surface of the fusion target pellets 10, compressing and accelerating the fusion fuel within the fusion target pellets 10 and achieving fusion ignition conditions. During the ignition process, the deuterium-tritium fuel, which has a lower ignition threshold temperature (greater than 5 keV), reaches fusion ignition first, driving an outward-propagating combustion wave that ignites the lithium deuteride layer 2 and the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3.

[0055] During the fusion combustion process, the deuterium-tritium fuel reaches fusion reaction conditions under the action of a laser-driven spherical implosion. The reaction equation is: D + T → α (3.5 MeV) + n (14.1 MeV), where D represents the deuterium isotope, T represents the tritium isotope, α represents the alpha particle, and n represents the neutron. Alpha particles carry four positive charges and easily convert their kinetic energy into the internal energy of the fusion fuel, further increasing the temperature of the fusion fuel. Some of the neutrons produced by the fusion escape the fusion target capsule 10, while others react with the lithium deuteride layer, converting the lithium deuteride into deuterium-tritium fuel. The reaction equation is: n + Li → T + α, where Li represents the lithium isotope with a mass number of 6. When the deuterium-tritium fuel at the center of the fusion target capsule 10 reaches a sufficiently high temperature, density, and fusion reaction rate, a large number of alpha particles and electrons are transmitted outward, forming an outward-propagating thermonuclear combustion wave, causing the deuterium-helium fuel to undergo a fusion reaction. The reaction equation is: D+He→α(3.65MeV)+p(14.7MeV), where He represents the helium isotope with a mass number of 3 and p represents the proton. Since alpha particles and protons are both charged particles, the fusion energy generated by this reaction is mainly deposited in the laser fusion target capsule, which can quickly increase the fusion combustion temperature, thereby obtaining high-gain fusion combustion. In addition, deuterium ions with a very high relative motion speed can further react with the high-energy protons produced by fusion to form the helium fuel required for fusion. The reaction equation is: p+D→He. The neutrons produced by fusion can also further react with ordinary hydrogen elements to form the deuterium fuel required for fusion. The reaction equation is: n+p→D; the specific fusion combustion equation and fuel cycle path are as follows. Figure 2 shown.

[0056] Specifically, laser ablation drives the fusion target capsule 10 into a spherical implosion, compressing and heating it to a fusion ignition state, generating a large amount of high-temperature plasma. The energy generated by the fusion is converted into stable electrical energy through the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30, or used to generate spacecraft propulsion through ion thrusters.

[0057] The working principle of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown:

[0058] The high-temperature plasma generated by fusion gradually cools down during the expansion and dispersion process. When the plasma temperature cools down to about 2000 degrees, it is introduced into the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 has a strong magnetic field that can convert the energy of the high-temperature plasma into electrical energy that is output steadily on the electrodes. Figure 3In a magnetohydrodynamic generator shown in FIG, when a plasma composed of charged particles passes through the magnetic field in the power generation channel, the charged particles therein are deflected in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines and the speed of movement, forming a Faraday current. The charged particles moving in the direction of the Faraday current are further deflected when moving in the magnetic field, forming a Hall current along the direction of the high-speed plasma gas flow 32. When there is a need for space propulsion, it can be installed as follows Figure 3 The ion thruster 31 is shown. In an ion thruster, a high-speed plasma gas flow 32 passes through the auxiliary electric field of the grid area and is ejected at a speed of several thousand meters per second, generating propulsion power through recoil.

[0059] In the nuclear fusion power generation method of the present invention, when the thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is zero, that is, when no deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is present, the central ignition method of the present invention can be replaced by an impact ignition method. The impact ignition scheme requires a spike pulse to be applied before the end of the conventional central ignition laser main pulse. The collision of two shock waves at the hot spot generates a strong shock wave, producing huge pressure and density peaks, thereby increasing the fusion energy gain.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] like Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a laser fusion target capsule and its driver laser based on deuterium-helium fuel is presented. From the inside out, the fusion target capsule 10 comprises: a deuterium-tritium gas layer 1, a lithium deuteride spherical shell, a deuterium-helium fuel layer 3, and a high-density carbon spherical shell 4. The purple curve in the figure represents the driver laser power waveform. The radius of the deuterium-tritium gas layer 1 is 1667 μm, with a density of 0.0005 g / cc; the thickness of the lithium deuteride spherical shell is 50 μm, with a density of 0.9 g / cc; the thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is 149.5 μm, with a density of 0.254 g / cc; and the thickness of the high-density carbon spherical shell 4 is 16.8 μm, with a density of 3.5 g / cc. The outer radius of the fusion target capsule is 1883.3 μm.

[0062] In the specific implementation process, the laser drives the spherical implosion of the target pellet. The driving laser has been optimized by the machine learning algorithm to have appropriate energy, power, waveform and irradiation uniformity. Figure 1 The purple trapezoid represents the driving laser, and the purple line shows a typical laser power waveform. The peak laser intensity at the target surface is no less than 300 terawatts per square centimeter, and the laser pulse duration is approximately 18 nanoseconds.

[0063] Simulation results show that the fusion energy released is approximately 74 times the driving laser energy. During fusion, the average temperature of the deuterium-helium fuel layer reaches over 70 keV, the average temperature of the central gas reaches over 170 keV, and the average surface density of the target fuel reaches over 1.75 g / cc. Regarding propulsion power, the energy obtained from a single fusion reaction is approximately 150 MJ. If the requirement of completing at least one fusion reaction per second is met, a propulsion power of 150 MW can be achieved.

[0064] In summary, the present invention provides a fusion target capsule and a fusion power generation and propulsion system. The fusion power generation method provided by the present invention is based on direct laser drive of deuterium-helium fuel. This laser direct drive scheme achieves the isentropic compression, implosion acceleration, retarded ignition, and fusion energy release processes of a spherical fusion target capsule. First, the rocket effect driven by laser ablation causes the spherical fusion target capsule to undergo implosion compression, compressing the deuterium-tritium gas at the capsule's center to a fusion ignition state. Second, the high-temperature combustion wave created by deuterium-tritium fusion ignites the deuterium-helium fuel, releasing a large amount of fusion energy. Next, a vacuum pump extracts the residual plasma in the fusion target chamber to a magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device, providing a clean laser transmission channel for the next laser fusion. Finally, the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device converts the energy released by the pulsed fusion into a stable output of electrical energy and can eject a high-speed plasma gas flow to generate recoil momentum for space propulsion. In the fusion fuel cycle, deuterium fuel can be obtained through seawater extraction and reactor production, tritium can be generated through fission or fusion reactors, and helium fuel can be obtained from accelerators, reactors, and helium-rich celestial bodies such as the moon. Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies and has high industrial application value.

[0065] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fusion power generation and propulsion system, characterized in that: include: A nuclear fusion generating device (100) and a magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device (300); The nuclear fusion generating device (100) comprises a fusion target capsule (10), a laser emitter (11), a fusion target chamber (12), a reactor containment vessel (13) and a target capsule storage chamber (20); the target capsule storage chamber (20) is arranged at one end of the fusion target chamber (12), and is suitable for the fusion target capsule (10) to be ejected from the target capsule storage chamber (20) to the center of the fusion target chamber (12); the laser emitter (11) is arranged on the wall of the fusion target chamber (12), and the laser emitted by the laser emitter (11) is focused on the center of the fusion target chamber (12); the fusion target capsule (10) and the fusion target chamber (12) are both arranged in the reactor containment vessel (13); The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device (300) includes a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) and / or an ion thruster (31); the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) is arranged to penetrate the fusion target chamber (12); the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) has a magnetic field, which is suitable for converting the energy of the high-temperature plasma generated by fusion into electrical energy, and the ion thruster (31) is suitable for ejecting the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow (32) to generate recoil propulsion power; The fusion target pellet (10) is spherical and comprises, from the inside to the outside: Deuterium-tritium gas layer (1); a solid fusion material layer (2); Deuterium-helium fuel layer (3); High-density carbon spherical shell (4); Wherein, the solid fusion material layer (2) is selected from one of lithium deuteride, lithium borodeuteride, and lithium borodeuteride tritide.

2. The fusion power generation and propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the fusion target pellet (10) is 1000-2000 μm.

3. The fusion power generation and propulsion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radius of the deuterium-tritium gas layer (1) is 1000-1800 μm, and the density is 0.0001-0.001 g / cc.

4. The fusion power generation and propulsion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the solid fusion material layer (2) is 20-200 μm.

5. The fusion power generation and propulsion system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer (3) is 0-500 μm; and / or, the density of the deuterium-helium fuel layer (3) is 0.1-0.3 g / cc; And / or, the thickness of the high-density carbon spherical shell layer (4) is 20-50 μm; And / or, the initial density of the high-density carbon spherical shell layer (4) is 3-4 g / cc.

6. The fusion power generation and propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fusion power generation and propulsion system further comprises a vacuum pump device, which is suitable for extracting residual plasma in the fusion target chamber (12) to the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device (300), thereby providing a clean laser transmission channel for the next laser fusion.

7. A fusion power generation and propulsion method based on the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The fusion target capsule (10) is ejected from the target capsule storage chamber (20) to the center of the fusion target chamber at a certain frequency, and a multi-beam laser is used to focus and irradiate the fusion target capsule (10). The laser drives the fusion target capsule (10) to implode, so that the deuterium-tritium gas layer at the center of the fusion target capsule (10) undergoes fusion ignition, ignites the deuterium-helium fuel layer, and generates high-temperature plasma through fusion combustion. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) converts the energy of the high-temperature plasma into stable output electrical energy, and the ion thruster (31) ejects the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow (32) to generate recoil propulsion power.

8. The fusion power generation and propulsion method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The energy range of the laser is 1~10MJ; And / or, the laser has a repetition rate of 1 to 100 Hz; And / or, the peak power of the laser is 100-500 TW.

9. The fusion power generation and propulsion method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The repetition frequency of the fusion is not less than 1 time per second.

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