Large-frequency-ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-frequency-ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna, and the antenna is characterized in that in each antenna unit, a C-band transceiving structure and an S-band transceiving structure are respectively arranged on a metal pedestal, and the directions of the C-band transceiving structure and the S-band transceiving structure form a right angle; the C-band transmit-receive structure realizes vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition from free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance based on a three-level transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure. The S-band transmit-receive structure realizes horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition from free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance based on a three-level transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, the center frequency point of the working frequency band of the C-band transmit-receive structure is 6.6 GHz, and the center frequency point of the working frequency band of the S-band transmit-receive structure is 2.2 GHz; the advantages are that the antenna can cover the S wave band and the C wave band, has a large frequency ratio, and can achieve high-stability connection and high-efficiency data transmission when being used in an unmanned aerial vehicle system and a meteorological radar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an all-metal phased array radar antenna, in particular to a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of UAV technology and the popularization of the Internet of Things, phased array radar antennas, as an advanced radar antenna, are widely used in radar and communication systems, adding a new dimension to the development of UAV systems.

[0003] In weather radar applications, the design of S-band and C-band phased array antennas is crucial to improving the detection accuracy and coverage of radar systems, while dual-polarized radar antennas can simultaneously receive echo signals in the horizontal and vertical directions, which helps to improve the detection accuracy and reliability of radars. In the field of communications, the design of S-band and C-band phased array antennas can improve the connection stability and data transmission efficiency between UAV systems and communication networks. UAV systems equipped with dual-frequency dual-polarized phased array antennas can achieve more reliable communication links, providing important support for UAV systems' long-term missions and emergency communications in remote areas.

[0004] The document "A Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna With Filtering Structures for Sub-6 GHz Base Station Applications" proposes a dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna with center frequencies at 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Although the antenna proposed in the document can meet the requirements of dual-frequency dual-polarization, its frequency ratio is relatively small and cannot cover the S-band and C-band. When applied to UAV systems and weather radars, it is difficult to achieve high-stability connection and high-efficiency data transmission, and there are major limitations. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna that can cover the S band and the C band and has a large frequency ratio, and can achieve high-stability connection and high-efficiency data transmission when used in unmanned aerial vehicle systems and meteorological radars.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna, including n*n antenna units, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the n*n antenna units are arranged without interval in n rows and n columns to form an antenna array; each of the antenna units includes two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiver structure and an S-band transceiver structure; the C-band transceiver structure and the S-band transceiver structure are respectively arranged on the metal base, and the two are arranged at right angles, and the two metal coaxial probes are respectively called the first metal coaxial probe and the second metal coaxial probe; the first metal coaxial probe is connected to the C-band transceiver structure, and the second metal coaxial probe is connected to the S-band transceiver structure; The C-band transceiver structure is implemented based on a double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, which can realize the vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and the smooth transition of the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance. By setting the spacing between the double ridges and the positions of the double ridges in the double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, an impedance matching transition area can be achieved, so that the center frequency of its operating frequency band is 6.6 GHz; the S-band transceiver structure is implemented based on a double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, which can realize the horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and the smooth transition of the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance. By setting the spacing between the double ridges and the positions of the double ridges in the double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, an impedance matching transition area can be achieved, so that the center frequency of its operating frequency band is 2.2 GHz.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the antenna unit is formed by two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiver structure and an S-band transceiver structure, the C-band transceiver structure realizes the vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and the smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance, and the center frequency of its working frequency band is 6.6GHz, the S-band transceiver structure realizes the horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and the smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance, and the center frequency of its working frequency band is 2.2GHz, thereby realizing a dual-frequency maximum frequency ratio of 1:3; when the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna When realizing the C-band and S-band transmission functions, in each antenna unit, the first metal coaxial probe transmits the external C-band electromagnetic wave signal to the C-band transceiver structure, and the second metal coaxial probe transmits the external S-band electromagnetic wave signal to the S-band transceiver structure. The C-band transceiver structure vertically polarizes the C-band electromagnetic wave signal output by the first metal coaxial probe, and generates a C-band electromagnetic wave signal in a vertical polarization direction that is radiated into free space. The S-band transceiver structure horizontally polarizes the S-band electromagnetic wave signal output by the second metal coaxial probe, and generates an S-band electromagnetic wave signal in a horizontal polarization direction that is radiated into free space, thereby realizing dual-frequency dual-polarization. Signal transmission; when the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna realizes the C-band and S-band receiving functions, the C-band transceiver structure radiates the C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction from the free space to it, and transmits it to the first metal coaxial probe after realizing a smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance through the three-level transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure inside it. The first metal coaxial probe outputs the C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction transmitted by the C-band transceiver structure to the back-end device, and the S-band transceiver structure radiates the S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction from the free space to it through its The double-ridged waveguide horn structure with an internal three-level transition realizes a smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance, and then transmits it to the second metal coaxial probe. The second metal coaxial probe transmits the S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction transmitted by the S-band transceiver structure to the back-end device, thereby realizing dual-frequency dual-polarization signal reception, thereby realizing the dual-frequency dual-polarization transceiver function of the S-band and C-band. Therefore, the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention can cover the S-band and C-band, and has a large frequency ratio. When used in unmanned aerial vehicle systems and meteorological radars, it can achieve high-stability connection and high-efficiency data transmission.

[0008] Furthermore, the row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-to-right direction; in each antenna unit, the metal base includes a first metal block, a second metal block, a first hollow groove, a second hollow groove, a third hollow groove, a metal step and a metal connecting plate, and the first metal block, the second metal block, the first hollow groove, the second hollow groove, the third hollow groove and the metal connecting plate are all rectangular structures, the length of the first metal block is along the front-to-back direction, and the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the direction along the height of the first metal block is taken as the up-down direction, the length of the first metal block is greater than its width, and the plane that makes the first metal block left-right symmetrical is called the first symmetry plane, and the first metal block is made left-right symmetrical. The plane in which the first metal block is symmetrical in front and back is called the second symmetry plane; the metal connecting plate is located below the first metal block, and its length is along the front-to-back direction, its width is along the left-to-right direction, and its height is along the up-down direction. The length of the metal connecting plate is equal to the length of the first metal block, its width is equal to the width of the first metal block, and its height is less than the height of the first metal block. The central axis of the metal connecting plate in the up-down direction is located in the same straight line as the central axis of the first metal block in the up-down direction. The upper end surface of the metal connecting plate is connected to the lower end surface of the first metal block and is in a fitted state. The metal connecting plate is left-right symmetrical with respect to the first symmetry plane, and the metal connecting plate is front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry plane.The first hollow groove, the second hollow groove and the third hollow groove are all opened on the first metal block, and all three penetrate the first metal block from top to bottom. The length of the first hollow groove is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, the height is along the up-down direction, and its length is greater than its width. The length of the first hollow groove is equal to the length of the first metal block, and the width is less than the width of the first metal block. The right end face of the first hollow groove is located on the left side of the first symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two. The left end face of the first hollow groove is located on the right side of the left end face of the first metal block, and there is a distance between the two. The rear end face of the first hollow groove The surface is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block, the length of the second hollow groove is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, the height is along the up-down direction, and its length is smaller than its width, the length of the second hollow groove is greater than the width of the first hollow groove, the left end surface of the second hollow groove is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface of the second hollow groove is connected to the left end surface of the first hollow groove and is in a fitted state, the front end surface of the second hollow groove is located on the front side of the second symmetrical plane, and there is a distance between the two, the rear end surface of the second hollow groove is located on the rear side of the second symmetrical plane, and there is a distance between the two, the front end surface of the second hollow groove The distance from the end face to the second symmetrical plane is greater than the distance from the rear end face to the second symmetrical plane, the front end face of the second hollow groove is located on the rear side of the front end face of the first metal block, and there is a distance between the two; the length of the third hollow groove is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, its length is less than its width, and its length is equal to the length of the second hollow groove, the left end face of the third hollow groove is connected to the right end face of the first hollow groove and is in a fitted state, the right end face of the third hollow groove is flush with the right end face of the first metal block, and the front end face of the third hollow groove and the front end face of the second hollow groove are located in the same plane; The length of the two metal blocks is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, and the length is greater than the width. The second metal block is located above the first metal block, the left end face of the second metal block is flush with the left end face of the first metal block, the front end face of the second metal block is flush with the front end face of the first metal block, the lower end face of the second metal block is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, the rear end face of the second metal block is located in front of the front end face of the second hollow groove, and there is a distance between the two, and the right end face of the second metal block is located on the left side of the left end face of the first hollow groove, and there is a distance between the two;The metal steps include a first step and a second step, both of which are rectangular structures, with their lengths along the front-to-back direction, their widths along the left-to-right direction, and their heights along the up-down direction. The lengths of the first step and the second step are both smaller than their own widths. The right end face of the first step is flush with the right end face of the first metal block, the front end face of the first step is flush with the front end face of the first metal block, the lower end face of the first step is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, the left end face of the first step is located to the right of the right end face of the first hollow groove, and there is a distance between the two, and the rear end face of the first step is located at the front end face of the third hollow groove. The first step is located on the front side of the ladder, and there is a distance between the two. The height of the first step is equal to the height of the second metal block. The second step is located above the first step. The right end face of the second step is flush with the right end face of the first step. The front end face of the second step is flush with the front end face of the first step. The lower end face of the second step is connected to the upper end face of the first step and is in a fitted state. The length of the second step is equal to the length of the first step, the width is smaller than the width of the first step, and the height is equal to the height of the first step. The distance from the plane where the left end face of the first step is located to the left end face of the second step is equal to the width of the second metal block. ;

[0009] Furthermore, in each of the antenna units, the C-band transceiver structure includes a first metal ridge, a second metal ridge, a third metal ridge, a fourth metal ridge and a fifth metal ridge. The first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge, the fourth metal ridge and the fifth metal ridge are all rectangular structures, and their lengths are all along the front-to-back direction, their widths are all along the left-to-right direction, and their heights are all along the up-down direction. The lengths of the first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge, the fourth metal ridge and the fifth metal ridge are equal. The first metal ridge is located above the second metal block. The length of the first metal ridge is greater than its width, its length is equal to the length of the second metal block, its width is less than the width of the second metal block, and its height is equal to the height of the second step. The left end face of the first metal ridge is flush with the left end face of the second metal block, the front end face of the first metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the second metal block, the lower end face of the first metal ridge is connected to the upper end face of the second metal block, and is in a fitted state. The second metal ridge is located at the first step. The second metal ridge is located on the top and on the left side of the second step, the right end face of the second metal ridge is connected to the left end face of the second step and is in a fitted state, the left end face of the second metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first step is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end face of the second metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the second step, the lower end face of the second metal ridge is connected to the upper end face of the first step and is in a fitted state; the height of the second metal ridge is equal to the height of the second step; the third metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first step is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end face of the second metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the second step, and ... On the right side of the second metal block, the left end face of the third metal ridge is connected to the right end face of the second metal block and is in a fitted state, the right end face of the third metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first hollow groove is located and on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove is located, the front end face of the third metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the second metal block, the lower end face of the third metal ridge is connected to the lower end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, and the upper end face of the third metal ridge is flush with the upper end face of the second metal block;The fourth metal ridge is located on the left side of the first step, the right end face of the fourth metal ridge is connected to the left end face of the first step, and are in a fitted state, the left end face of the fourth metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end face of the fourth metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the first step, the length of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the length of the first step, the height of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the height of the first step, the fifth metal ridge is arranged in the first hollow groove, the length of the fifth metal ridge is greater than its width, and its width is smaller than the width of the first hollow groove, and its height is smaller than the height of the first hollow groove, and the fifth The front end face of the metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the first hollow groove, the upper end face of the fifth metal ridge is flush with the upper end face of the first hollow groove, the left end face of the fifth metal ridge is at a distance from the left end face of the first hollow groove, the right end face of the fifth metal ridge is at a distance from the right end face of the first hollow groove, the distance from the left end face of the fifth metal ridge to the left end face of the first hollow groove is less than the distance from its right end face to the right end face of the first hollow groove, the left end face of the fifth metal ridge is located on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the right end face of the fifth metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge is located, and there is a distance between the two. ;

[0010] Further, in each of the antenna units, the S-band transceiver structure includes a sixth metal ridge, a seventh metal ridge, an eighth metal ridge, a ninth metal ridge and a tenth metal ridge, and the sixth metal ridge, the seventh metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge, the ninth metal ridge and the tenth metal ridge are all rectangular parallelepiped structures, and their lengths are all along the front-to-back direction, their widths are all along the left-to-right direction, and their heights are all along the up-down direction;The sixth metal ridge is located at the rear side of the second step, the length of the sixth metal ridge is greater than its width, its width is equal to the width of the second step, and its height is equal to the height of the second step, the right end face of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the second step, the front end face of the sixth metal ridge is connected to the rear end face of the second step, and they are in a fitted state, the lower end face of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the lower end face of the second step, the rear end face of the sixth metal ridge is located between the front end face and the rear end face of the third hollow groove, the seventh metal ridge is located at the rear side of the sixth metal ridge, and the seventh metal ridge The rear end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the left end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the left end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the lower end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the upper end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the upper end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the front end surface of the seventh metal ridge is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end surface of the third hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the two, the length of the seventh metal ridge is equal to the length of the sixth metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge is located below the sixth metal ridge and the The eighth metal ridge is located at the rear side of the first step, the length of the eighth metal ridge is greater than its width, its width is equal to the width of the sixth metal ridge, and its height is equal to the height of the second metal block, the right end face of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the first step, the front end face of the eighth metal ridge is connected to the rear end face of the first step, and are in a fitted state, the lower end face of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the lower end face of the first step, the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the sixth metal ridge is located and on the front side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove is located, and the ninth metal ridge is located below the seventh metal ridge. The rear end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the rear end face of the first metal block, the right end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the seventh metal ridge, the left end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the left end face of the eighth metal ridge, the upper end face of the ninth metal ridge is connected to the lower end face of the seventh metal ridge and is in a fitted state, the lower end face of the ninth metal ridge is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, the front end face of the ninth metal ridge is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the length of the ninth metal ridge is equal to the length of the eighth metal ridge;The tenth metal ridge is arranged in the third hollow groove, the length of the tenth metal ridge is smaller than its width, and its length is smaller than the length of the third hollow groove, the height is smaller than the height of the third hollow groove, and the width is smaller than the width of the third hollow groove, the right end face of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the third hollow groove, the upper end face of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the upper end face of the third hollow groove, the distance from the front end face of the tenth metal ridge to the front end face of the third hollow groove is greater than the distance from the rear end face to the rear end face of the third hollow groove, the front end face of the tenth metal ridge is located between the front end face of the third hollow groove and the plane where the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge is located, and the rear end face of the tenth metal ridge is located between the plane where the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge is located and the rear end face of the third hollow groove.;

[0011] Furthermore, in each of the antenna units, each of the metal coaxial probes includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the axial direction of the first cylinder is along the up-down direction, the first cylinder is provided with a first through hole axially passing through, the first through hole is coaxial with the first cylinder, the second cylinder coaxially passes through the first through hole, the radius of the second cylinder is equal to the radius of the first through hole, the lower end face of the second cylinder is flush with the lower end face of the first cylinder, and the upper end face of the second cylinder is located above the plane where the upper end face of the first cylinder is located; the metal connecting plate is provided with a second through hole and a third through hole passing through from top to bottom. The second through hole is located directly below the fifth metal ridge, the diameter of the second through hole and the diameter of the third through hole are both equal to the diameter of the first cylinder, the upper part of the first cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is embedded in the second through hole, the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is connected to the lower end surface of the fifth metal ridge and is in a fitted state, the third through hole is located directly below the tenth metal ridge, the upper part of the first cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is embedded in the third through hole, the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is connected to the lower end surface of the tenth metal ridge and is in a fitted state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 The invention provides a three-dimensional large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna. Figure 1 ;

[0013] Figure 2 The invention provides a three-dimensional large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna. Figure 2 ;

[0014] Figure 3The invention provides a three-dimensional large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna. Figure 3 ;

[0015] Figure 4 The three-dimensional antenna unit of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention is Figure 1 ;

[0016] Figure 5 The three-dimensional antenna unit of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention is Figure 2 ;

[0017] Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of a metal base of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of a metal connecting plate of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 8 It is a front view of the antenna unit of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention;

[0020] Fig. 9 It is a right view of the antenna unit of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention;

[0021] Fig.10 A structural diagram of a metal coaxial probe of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention;

[0022] FIG11( a ) is a 4 GHz E-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Co-pol;

[0023] FIG11( b ) is a 4 GHz E-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Co-pol;

[0024] FIG11( c ) is a 4 GHz H-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Co-pol;

[0025] FIG11( d ) is a 4 GHz H-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Xo-pol;

[0026] FIG11( e ) is a 5.5 GHz E-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Co-pol;

[0027] FIG11( f ) is a 5.5 GHz E-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Xo-pol;

[0028] FIG11( g ) is a 5.5 GHz H-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Co-pol;

[0029] FIG11( h ) is a 5.5 GHz H-plane scanning diagram of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention under Xo-pol;

[0030] FIG. 12( a ) shows the scanning performance of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention in the y'oz dimension at 4 GHz under the D plane;

[0031] FIG. 12( b ) shows the x'oz dimension scanning performance of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention at 5.5 GHz under the D plane;

[0032] FIG. 12( c ) shows the x'oz dimension scanning performance of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention at 4 GHz under the D plane;

[0033] FIG. 12( d ) shows the scanning performance of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention in the y'oz dimension at 5.5 GHz under the D plane;

[0034] FIG. 13( a ) is a low-frequency efficiency and gain curve of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention;

[0035] FIG13( b ) is a high frequency efficiency and gain curve of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Embodiment 1: Figures 1 to 3As shown, a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna includes n*n antenna units 1, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the n*n antenna units 1 are arranged without interval in n rows and n columns to form an antenna array; each antenna unit 1 includes two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiver structure and an S-band transceiver structure; the C-band transceiver structure and the S-band transceiver structure are respectively arranged on the metal base, and the two are arranged at right angles, and the two metal coaxial probes are respectively called the first metal coaxial probe 20 and the second metal coaxial probe 21; the first metal coaxial probe 20 is connected to the C-band transceiver structure, and the second metal coaxial probe 21 is connected to the S-band transceiver structure; the C-band transceiver structure is based on a three-level transition The double-ridged waveguide horn structure is realized, which can realize the vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and the smooth transition of the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance. By setting the spacing between the double ridges and the positions of the double ridges in the double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, an impedance matching transition zone can be realized, and the center frequency of its operating frequency band is 6.6GHz; the S-band transceiver structure is based on the double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, which can realize the horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and the smooth transition of the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance. By setting the spacing between the double ridges and the positions of the double ridges in the double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, an impedance matching transition zone can be realized, and the center frequency of its operating frequency band is 2.2GHz.

[0038] In this embodiment, when the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna realizes the C-band and S-band transmission functions, in each antenna unit, the first metal coaxial probe 20 transmits the external C-band electromagnetic wave signal to the C-band transceiver structure, and the second metal coaxial probe 21 transmits the external S-band electromagnetic wave signal to the S-band transceiver structure. The C-band transceiver structure vertically polarizes the C-band electromagnetic wave signal output by the first metal coaxial probe 20 to it, and generates a C-band electromagnetic wave signal in a vertical polarization direction that is radiated into free space. The S-band transceiver structure horizontally polarizes the S-band electromagnetic wave signal output by the second metal coaxial probe 21 to it, and generates an S-band electromagnetic wave signal in a horizontal polarization direction that is radiated into free space, thereby realizing dual-frequency dual-polarization signal transmission; when the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna realizes the C-band and S-band receiving functions, the C-band transceiver structure radiates the free space. The C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction radiated thereto is transmitted to the first metal coaxial probe 20 after realizing a smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance through the double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transitions therein. The first metal coaxial probe 20 outputs the C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction transmitted thereto by the C-band transceiver structure to the back-end device. The S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction radiated thereto by the free space is transmitted to the second metal coaxial probe 21 after realizing a smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance through the double-ridged waveguide horn structure with three-level transitions therein. The second metal coaxial probe 21 outputs the S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction transmitted thereto by the S-band transceiver structure to the back-end device, realizing dual-frequency dual-polarization signal reception, thereby realizing dual-frequency dual-polarization transceiver functions of the S-band and C-band.

[0039] Embodiment 2: This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that: in this embodiment, Figures 4 to 9As shown, the row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-to-right direction; in each antenna unit 1, the metal base includes a first metal block 2, a second metal block 3, a first hollow groove 4, a second hollow groove 5, a third hollow groove 6, a metal step and a metal connecting plate 7. The first metal block 2, the second metal block 3, the first hollow groove 4, the second hollow groove 5, the third hollow groove 6 and the metal connecting plate 7 are all rectangular parallelepiped structures. The length of the first metal block 2 is along the front-to-back direction, and the width is along the left-to-right direction. The direction along the height of the first metal block 2 is taken as the up-down direction. The length of the first metal block 2 is greater than its width. The plane that makes the first metal block 2 bilaterally symmetrical is called the first symmetry plane. The plane on which the metal block 2 is symmetrical in front and back is called the second symmetry plane; the metal connecting plate 7 is located below the first metal block 2, and its length is along the front-to-back direction, its width is along the left-to-right direction, and its height is along the up-down direction. The length of the metal connecting plate 7 is equal to the length of the first metal block 2, its width is equal to the width of the first metal block 2, and its height is less than the height of the first metal block 2. The central axis of the metal connecting plate 7 along the up-down direction is in the same straight line as the central axis of the first metal block 2 along the up-down direction. The upper end face of the metal connecting plate 7 is connected to the lower end face of the first metal block 2 and is in a fitted state. The metal connecting plate 7 is left-right symmetrical about the first symmetry plane, and is front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane; the first hollow groove 4 and the second hollow groove The groove 5 and the third hollow groove 6 are both opened on the first metal block 2, and all three penetrate the first metal block 2 from top to bottom. The length of the first hollow groove 4 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, the height is along the up-down direction, and its length is greater than its width. The length of the first hollow groove 4 is equal to the length of the first metal block 2, and the width is less than the width of the first metal block 2. The right end face of the first hollow groove 4 is located on the left side of the first symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two. The left end face of the first hollow groove 4 is located on the right side of the left end face of the first metal block 2, and there is a distance between the two. The rear end face of the first hollow groove 4 is flush with the rear end face of the first metal block 2. The length of the second hollow groove 5 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The second hollow groove 5 has a length that is greater than the width of the first hollow groove 4, and the left end face of the second hollow groove 5 is flush with the left end face of the first metal block 2. The right end face of the second hollow groove 5 is connected to the left end face of the first hollow groove 4 and is in a fitted state. The front end face of the second hollow groove 5 is located in front of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two. The rear end face of the second hollow groove 5 is located behind the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two. The distance from the front end face of the second hollow groove 5 to the second symmetry plane is greater than the distance from the rear end face to the second symmetry plane. The front end face of the second hollow groove 5 is located behind the front end face of the first metal block 2, and there is a distance between the two.The third hollow groove 6 has a length along the front-to-back direction, a width along the left-to-right direction, and a height along the up-to-down direction. Its length is less than its width, and its length is equal to the length of the second hollow groove 5. The left end face of the third hollow groove 6 is connected to the right end face of the first hollow groove 4 and is in a fitted state. The right end face of the third hollow groove 6 is flush with the right end face of the first metal block 2. The front end face of the third hollow groove 6 and the front end face of the second hollow groove 5 are located in the same plane. The second metal block 3 has a length along the front-to-back direction, a width along the left-to-right direction, and a height along the up-to-down direction. Its length is greater than its width. The second metal block 3 is located above the first metal block 2. The second metal block 3 The left end face of the second metal block 3 is flush with the left end face of the first metal block 2, the front end face of the second metal block 3 is flush with the front end face of the first metal block 2, the lower end face of the second metal block 3 is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block 2 and is in a fitted state, the rear end face of the second metal block 3 is located in front of the front end face of the second hollow groove 5, and there is a distance between the two, and the right end face of the second metal block 3 is located on the left side of the left end face of the first hollow groove 4, and there is a distance between the two; the metal ladder includes a first step 8 and a second step 9, and the first step 8 and the second step 9 are both rectangular structures, the length of which is along the front-to-back direction, and the width Both are in the left-right direction, and the height is in the up-down direction. The lengths of the first step 8 and the second step 9 are both smaller than their own widths. The right end face of the first step 8 is flush with the right end face of the first metal block 2, and the front end face of the first step 8 is flush with the front end face of the first metal block 2. The lower end face of the first step 8 is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block 2 and is in a fitted state. The left end face of the first step 8 is located on the right side of the right end face of the first hollow groove 4, and there is a distance between the two. The rear end face of the first step 8 is located in front of the front end face of the third hollow groove 6, and there is a distance between the two. The first step 8 The height of the second step 9 is equal to the height of the second metal block 3, the second step 9 is located above the first step 8, the right end face of the second step 9 is flush with the right end face of the first step 8, the front end face of the second step 9 is flush with the front end face of the first step 8, the lower end face of the second step 9 is connected to the upper end face of the first step 8 and is in a fitted state, the length of the second step 9 is equal to the length of the first step 8, the width is smaller than the width of the first step 8, the height is equal to the height of the first step 8, and the distance from the plane where the left end face of the first step 8 is located to the left end face of the second step 9 is equal to the width of the second metal block 3. ;

[0040] In this embodiment, in each antenna unit 1, the C-band transceiver structure includes a first metal ridge 10, a second metal ridge 11, a third metal ridge 12, a fourth metal ridge 13 and a fifth metal ridge 14. The first metal ridge 10, the second metal ridge 11, the third metal ridge 12, the fourth metal ridge 13 and the fifth metal ridge 14 are all rectangular parallelepiped structures, and their lengths are all along the front-to-back direction, their widths are all along the left-to-right direction, and their heights are all along the up-down direction. The first metal ridge 10, the second metal ridge 11, the third metal ridge 12, the fourth metal ridge 13 and the fifth metal ridge 14 are all rectangular parallelepiped structures. 4, the first metal ridge 10 is located above the second metal block 3, the length of the first metal ridge 10 is greater than its width, its length is equal to the length of the second metal block 3, the width is less than the width of the second metal block 3, and the height is equal to the height of the second step 9; the left end face of the first metal ridge 10 is flush with the left end face of the second metal block 3, the front end face of the first metal ridge 10 is flush with the front end face of the second metal block 3, the lower end face of the first metal ridge 10 is connected to the upper end face of the second metal block 3, and they are in a fitted state; the second metal ridge 11 is located at the first step Above the step 8 and on the left side of the second step 9, the right end face of the second metal ridge 11 is connected to the left end face of the second step 9 and is in a fitted state, the left end face of the second metal ridge 11 is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first step 8 is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end face of the second metal ridge 11 is flush with the front end face of the second step 9, and the lower end face of the second metal ridge 11 is connected to the upper end face of the first step 8 and is in a fitted state; the height of the second metal ridge 11 is equal to the height of the second step 9; the third metal ridge 1 2 is located on the right side of the second metal block 3, the left end face of the third metal ridge 12 is connected to the right end face of the second metal block 3 and is in a fitted state, the right end face of the third metal ridge 12 is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first hollow groove 4 is located and on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove 4 is located, the front end face of the third metal ridge 12 is flush with the front end face of the second metal block 3, the lower end face of the third metal ridge 12 is connected to the lower end face of the first metal block 2 and is in a fitted state, and the upper end face of the third metal ridge 12 is flush with the upper end face of the second metal block 3;The fourth metal ridge 13 is located on the left side of the first step 8, the right end face of the fourth metal ridge 13 is connected to the left end face of the first step 8, and is in a fitted state, the left end face of the fourth metal ridge 13 is located on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove 4 is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end face of the fourth metal ridge 13 is flush with the front end face of the first step 8, the length of the fourth metal ridge 13 is equal to the length of the first step 8, the height of the fourth metal ridge 13 is equal to the height of the first step 8, the fifth metal ridge 14 is arranged in the first hollow groove 4, the length of the fifth metal ridge 14 is greater than its width, and its width is less than the width of the first hollow groove 4, and the height is less than the height of the first hollow groove 4, the fifth metal ridge 14 The front end face of the fifth metal ridge 14 is flush with the front end face of the first hollow groove 4, the upper end face of the fifth metal ridge 14 is flush with the upper end face of the first hollow groove 4, the left end face of the fifth metal ridge 14 is at a distance from the left end face of the first hollow groove 4, the right end face of the fifth metal ridge 14 is at a distance from the right end face of the first hollow groove 4, the distance from the left end face of the fifth metal ridge 14 to the left end face of the first hollow groove 4 is less than the distance from its right end face to the right end face of the first hollow groove 4, the left end face of the fifth metal ridge 14 is located on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge 12 is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the right end face of the fifth metal ridge 14 is located on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge 12 is located, and there is a distance between the two. ;

[0041] In this embodiment, in each antenna unit 1, the S-band transceiver structure includes a sixth metal ridge 15, a seventh metal ridge 16, an eighth metal ridge 17, a ninth metal ridge 18 and a tenth metal ridge 19. The sixth metal ridge 15, the seventh metal ridge 16, the eighth metal ridge 17, the ninth metal ridge 18 and the tenth metal ridge 19 are all rectangular parallelepiped structures, and their lengths are all along the front-to-back direction, their widths are all along the left-to-right direction, and their heights are all along the up-down direction; the sixth metal ridge 15 is located on the rear side of the second-level step 9, the length of the sixth metal ridge 15 is greater than its width, its width is equal to the width of the second-level step 9, and its height is equal to the height of the second-level step 9. The right end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is flush with the right end surface of the second-level step 9, and the front end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is flush with the front end surface of the second-level step 9. The rear end surface of the secondary step 9 is connected and in a fitted state, the lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is flush with the lower end surface of the second step 9, the rear end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is located between the front end surface and the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6, the seventh metal ridge 16 is located on the rear side of the sixth metal ridge 15, the rear end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block 2, the right end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the right end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15, the left end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the left end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15, the lower end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15, the upper end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the upper end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15, and the front end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is located at the third hollow groove 6 The rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the first step 8 is located, and there is a distance between the two. The length of the seventh metal ridge 16 is equal to the length of the sixth metal ridge 15. The eighth metal ridge 17 is located below the sixth metal ridge 15 and on the rear side of the first step 8. The length of the eighth metal ridge 17 is greater than its width, and its width is equal to the width of the sixth metal ridge 15. The height is equal to the height of the second metal block 3. The right end face of the eighth metal ridge 17 is flush with the right end face of the first step 8. The front end face of the eighth metal ridge 17 is connected to the rear end face of the first step 8 and is in a fitted state. The lower end face of the eighth metal ridge 17 is flush with the lower end face of the first step 8. The rear end face of the eighth metal ridge 17 is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the sixth metal ridge 15 is located and the third hollow On the front side of the plane where the rear end face of the groove 6 is located, the ninth metal ridge 18 is located below the seventh metal ridge 16, the rear end face of the ninth metal ridge 18 is flush with the rear end face of the first metal block 2, the right end face of the ninth metal ridge 18 is flush with the right end face of the seventh metal ridge 16, the left end face of the ninth metal ridge 18 is flush with the left end face of the eighth metal ridge 17, the upper end face of the ninth metal ridge 18 is connected to the lower end face of the seventh metal ridge 16, and is in a fitted state, the lower end face of the ninth metal ridge 18 is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block 2, and is in a fitted state, the front end face of the ninth metal ridge 18 is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove 6 is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the length of the ninth metal ridge 18 is equal to the length of the eighth metal ridge 17;The tenth metal ridge 19 is disposed in the third hollow groove 6, the length of the tenth metal ridge 19 is less than its width, and its length is less than the length of the third hollow groove 6, the height is less than the height of the third hollow groove 6, and the width is less than the width of the third hollow groove 6. The right end face of the tenth metal ridge 19 is flush with the right end face of the third hollow groove 6, the upper end face of the tenth metal ridge 19 is flush with the upper end face of the third hollow groove 6, the distance from the front end face of the tenth metal ridge 19 to the front end face of the third hollow groove 6 is greater than the distance from its rear end face to the rear end face of the third hollow groove 6, the front end face of the tenth metal ridge 19 is located between the plane where the front end face of the third hollow groove 6 and the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge 17 are located, and the rear end face of the tenth metal ridge 19 is located between the plane where the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge 17 is located and the rear end face of the third hollow groove 6.;

[0042] In this embodiment, Fig.10 As shown, in each antenna unit, each metal coaxial probe includes a first cylinder 22 and a second cylinder 23, the axial direction of the first cylinder 22 is along the up-down direction, the first cylinder 22 is provided with a first through hole axially penetrating therethrough, the first through hole is coaxial with the first cylinder 22, the second cylinder 23 coaxially passes through the first through hole, the radius of the second cylinder 23 is equal to the radius of the first through hole, the lower end surface of the second cylinder 23 is flush with the lower end surface of the first cylinder 22, and the upper end surface of the second cylinder 23 is located above the plane where the upper end surface of the first cylinder 22 is located; the metal connecting plate 7 is provided with a second through hole 24 and a third through hole 25 penetrating therethrough from top to bottom, and the second The through hole is located directly below the fifth metal ridge 14, the diameter of the second through hole 24 and the diameter of the third through hole 25 are both equal to the diameter of the first cylinder 22, the upper part of the first cylinder 22 of the first metal coaxial probe 20 is embedded in the second through hole 24, the upper end surface of the second cylinder 23 of the first metal coaxial probe 20 is connected to the lower end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 and are in a fitted state, the third through hole is located directly below the tenth metal ridge 19, the upper part of the first cylinder 22 of the second metal coaxial probe 21 is embedded in the third through hole 25, the upper end surface of the second cylinder 23 of the second metal coaxial probe 21 is connected to the lower end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 and are in a fitted state.

[0043] In this embodiment, when the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna realizes the C-band transmission function, the first metal coaxial probe 20 accesses the external C-band electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to the C-band transceiver structure. The C-band transceiver structure vertically polarizes the C-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted thereto to generate a C-band electromagnetic wave signal in a vertical polarization direction. The fifth metal ridge 14 smoothly propagates the generated C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction to the gap between the third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13. The third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13 further expand the waveguide width through the gap between the two, so that the C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction transmitted to the gap between the two is more evenly distributed, and the electromagnetic wave signal is also transmitted to the gap between the first metal ridge 10 and the second metal ridge 11. The first metal ridge 10 and the second metal ridge 11 completely expand the waveguide to the required horn opening size, and also transmit the generated C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction to the free space through the gap between the two.

[0044] When the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna realizes the C-band receiving function, the C-band transceiver structure receives the C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction in the free space, the first metal ridge 10 and the second metal ridge 11 reduce the waveguide width through the gap between them, and transmit the received C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction to the gap between the third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13, the third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13 further reduce the waveguide width through the gap between them, and transmit the received C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction to the fifth metal ridge 14, the fifth metal ridge 14 transmits the received C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the vertical polarization direction to the first metal coaxial probe 20, and then the first metal coaxial probe 20 transmits the C-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted thereto to the back-end device.

[0045] When the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna realizes the S-band transmission function, the second metal coaxial probe 21 accesses the external S-band electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to the S-band transceiver structure. The S-band transceiver structure horizontally polarizes the S-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted thereto to generate an S-band electromagnetic wave signal in a horizontal polarization direction. The tenth metal ridge 19 smoothly propagates the generated S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction to the gap between the eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18. The eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18 further expand the waveguide width, so that the S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction transmitted to the gap between them is more evenly distributed. At the same time, the electromagnetic wave signal is also transmitted to the gap between the sixth metal ridge 15 and the seventh metal ridge 16 of the upper layer. The sixth metal ridge 15 and the seventh metal ridge 16 completely expand the waveguide to the required horn opening size, and at the same time, the generated S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction is also transmitted to the free space through the gap between them.

[0046] When the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna realizes the S-band receiving function, the S-band transceiver structure receives the S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction in the free space, the sixth metal ridge 15 and the seventh metal ridge 16 reduce the waveguide width through the gap between them, and transmit the received S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction to the gap between the eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18, the eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18 further reduce the waveguide width through the gap between them, and transmit the received S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction to the tenth metal ridge 19, the tenth metal ridge 19 transmits the received S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the horizontal polarization direction to the second metal coaxial probe 21, and then the second metal coaxial probe 21 transmits the S-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted thereto to the back-end device.

[0047] In order to verify the performance of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention, the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention is simulated, wherein the simulation data are as follows: the length of the first metal block 2 is 32 mm, the width is 30 mm, and the height is 10 mm, the length of the second metal block 3 is 4 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the height is 10 mm, the length of the first hollow groove 4 is 32 mm, the width is 6.1 mm, and the height is 10 mm, the length of the second hollow groove 5 is 6.98 mm, the width is 5.65 mm, and the height is 10 mm. The length of the third hollow groove 6 is 6.98mm, the width is 18.25mm, and the height is 10mm. The length of the metal connecting plate 7 is 32mm, the width is 30mm, and the height is 1mm. The length of the first step 8 is 4mm, the width is 10.1mm, and the height is 10mm. The length of the second step 9 is 4mm, the width is 8.7mm, and the height is 10mm. The length of the first metal ridge 10 is 4mm, the width is 1mm, and the height is 10mm. The length of the second metal ridge 11 is 4mm, the width is 1mm, and the height is 10mm. The length of the third metal ridge 12 is 4 mm, the width is 5.5 mm, and the height is 10 mm. The length of the fourth metal ridge 13 is 4 mm, the width is 5.5 mm, and the height is 10 mm. The length of the fifth metal ridge 14 is 4 mm, the width is 3.1 mm, and the height is 9 mm. The length of the sixth metal ridge 15 is 12.92 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm. The length of the seventh metal ridge 16 is 12.92 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm. The length of the eighth metal ridge 17 is 13.22 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm. 5mm, 8.7mm in width, and 10mm in height, the ninth metal ridge 18 has a length of 13.225mm, 8.7mm in width, and 10mm in height, the tenth metal ridge 19 has a length of 5.8mm, 8.7mm in width, and 9mm in height, the diameter of the first cylinder is 1.6mm, the diameter of the second cylinder is 0.7mm, and a large-frequency-ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array antenna model consisting of 7*7 antenna units with vertical polarization working in the C-band and horizontal polarization working in the S-band is manufactured based on the simulation data for testing.The simulated and measured scanning performance diagrams of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention are shown in Figures 11(a), 11(b), 11(c), 11(d), 11(e), 11(f), 11(g), 11(h), 12(a), 12(b), 12(c), 12(d), 13(a) and 13(b), respectively. In Figures 11(a), 11(b), 11(c), 11(d), 11(e), 11(f), 11(g), 11(h), 12(a), 12(b), 12(c) and 12(d), Simulated represents the simulation results and Mearsured represents the actual test results. Analyzing the simulation results of Figures 11(a), 11(b), 11(c), 11(d), 11(e), 11(f), 11(g), 11(h), 12(a), 12(b), 12(c), and 12(d), it can be seen that the S band of the dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention is excited by 7*7 antenna units, and the C band is excited by 7*7 antenna units. The scanning in each dimension can be from -60° to +60°. At each working frequency, the cross-pole is better than 25dB, and the gain fluctuation is less than 5.5dB, which shows that the dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention has excellent scanning capability. The gain and antenna efficiency diagrams of the S band and C band of the dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention when not scanning are shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b). From the analysis of FIG. 13( a) and FIG. 13( b), it can be seen that the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention has an efficiency greater than 90% and a gain better than 18 dBi in both the S-band and the C-band. It can be seen that the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention can cover the S-band and the C-band while having high gain and high efficiency characteristics.

[0048] In summary, the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention can cover the S band and the C band, and has the characteristics of large frequency ratio, high gain and high efficiency. When used in unmanned aerial vehicle systems and meteorological radars, it can achieve high-stability connection and high-efficiency data transmission, and has broad application prospects in unmanned aerial vehicle systems and meteorological radars.

Claims

1. A large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna, comprising n*n antenna units, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the n*n antenna units are arranged without interval in n rows and n columns to form an antenna array; characterized in that Each of the antenna units comprises two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiver structure and an S-band transceiver structure; the C-band transceiver structure and the S-band transceiver structure are respectively arranged on the metal base, and the two are arranged at right angles, and the two metal coaxial probes are respectively called the first metal coaxial probe and the second metal coaxial probe; the first metal coaxial probe is connected to the C-band transceiver structure, and the second metal coaxial probe is connected to the S-band transceiver structure; the C-band transceiver structure is realized based on a three-level transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, which can realize the vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and the free space characteristics. The invention discloses a S-band transceiver structure which can realize a smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance, and realizes an impedance matching transition region by setting the spacing between the double ridges and the positions of the double ridges in the double-ridge waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, so that the center frequency of its operating frequency band is 6.6 GHz; the S-band transceiver structure is realized based on the double-ridge waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, and can realize the horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and the smooth transition from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance, and realizes an impedance matching transition region by setting the spacing between the double ridges and the positions of the double ridges in the double-ridge waveguide horn structure with three-level transition, so that the center frequency of its operating frequency band is 2.2 GHz.

2. The large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-to-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-to-right direction; in each antenna unit, the metal base includes a first metal block, a second metal block, a first hollow groove, a second hollow groove, a third hollow groove, a metal step and a metal connecting plate, and the first metal block, the second metal block, the first hollow groove, the second hollow groove, the third hollow groove and the metal connecting plate are all rectangular structures, and the length of the first metal block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the direction along the height of the first metal block is taken as the up-down direction, the length of the first metal block is greater than its width, and the plane that makes the first metal block bilaterally symmetrical is called the first symmetry plane, and the first The plane on which the metal block is symmetrical in front and back is called the second symmetry plane; the metal connecting plate is located below the first metal block, and its length is along the front-to-back direction, its width is along the left-to-right direction, and its height is along the up-down direction. The length of the metal connecting plate is equal to the length of the first metal block, its width is equal to the width of the first metal block, and its height is less than the height of the first metal block. The central axis of the metal connecting plate in the up-down direction is located in the same straight line as the central axis of the first metal block in the up-down direction. The upper end surface of the metal connecting plate is connected to the lower end surface of the first metal block and is in a fitted state. The metal connecting plate is left-right symmetrical with respect to the first symmetry plane, and the metal connecting plate is front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the second symmetry plane.The first hollow groove, the second hollow groove and the third hollow groove are all opened on the first metal block, and all three penetrate the first metal block from top to bottom. The length of the first hollow groove is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, the height is along the up-down direction, and its length is greater than its width. The length of the first hollow groove is equal to the length of the first metal block, and the width is less than the width of the first metal block. The right end face of the first hollow groove is located on the left side of the first symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two. The left end face of the first hollow groove is located on the right side of the left end face of the first metal block, and there is a distance between the two. The rear end face of the first hollow groove The surface is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block, the length of the second hollow groove is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, the height is along the up-down direction, and its length is smaller than its width, the length of the second hollow groove is greater than the width of the first hollow groove, the left end surface of the second hollow groove is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface of the second hollow groove is connected to the left end surface of the first hollow groove and is in a fitted state, the front end surface of the second hollow groove is located on the front side of the second symmetrical plane, and there is a distance between the two, the rear end surface of the second hollow groove is located on the rear side of the second symmetrical plane, and there is a distance between the two, the front end surface of the second hollow groove The distance from the end face to the second symmetrical plane is greater than the distance from the rear end face to the second symmetrical plane, the front end face of the second hollow groove is located on the rear side of the front end face of the first metal block, and there is a distance between the two; the length of the third hollow groove is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, its length is less than its width, and its length is equal to the length of the second hollow groove, the left end face of the third hollow groove is connected to the right end face of the first hollow groove and is in a fitted state, the right end face of the third hollow groove is flush with the right end face of the first metal block, and the front end face of the third hollow groove and the front end face of the second hollow groove are located in the same plane; The length of the two metal blocks is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, and the length is greater than the width. The second metal block is located above the first metal block, the left end face of the second metal block is flush with the left end face of the first metal block, the front end face of the second metal block is flush with the front end face of the first metal block, the lower end face of the second metal block is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, the rear end face of the second metal block is located in front of the front end face of the second hollow groove, and there is a distance between the two, and the right end face of the second metal block is located on the left side of the left end face of the first hollow groove, and there is a distance between the two;The metal steps include a first step and a second step, both of which are rectangular structures, with their lengths along the front-to-back direction, their widths along the left-to-right direction, and their heights along the up-down direction. The lengths of the first step and the second step are both smaller than their own widths. The right end face of the first step is flush with the right end face of the first metal block, the front end face of the first step is flush with the front end face of the first metal block, the lower end face of the first step is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, the left end face of the first step is located to the right of the right end face of the first hollow groove, and there is a distance between the two, and the rear end face of the first step is located at the front end face of the third hollow groove. The first step is located on the front side of the ladder, and there is a distance between the two. The height of the first step is equal to the height of the second metal block. The second step is located above the first step. The right end face of the second step is flush with the right end face of the first step. The front end face of the second step is flush with the front end face of the first step. The lower end face of the second step is connected to the upper end face of the first step and is in a fitted state. The length of the second step is equal to the length of the first step, the width is smaller than the width of the first step, and the height is equal to the height of the first step. The distance from the plane where the left end face of the first step is located to the left end face of the second step is equal to the width of the second metal block. ; 3. The large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that In each of the antenna units, the C-band transceiver structure includes a first metal ridge, a second metal ridge, a third metal ridge, a fourth metal ridge and a fifth metal ridge. The first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge, the fourth metal ridge and the fifth metal ridge are all rectangular parallelepiped structures, and their lengths are all along the front-to-back direction, their widths are all along the left-to-right direction, and their heights are all along the up-down direction. The lengths of the first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge, the fourth metal ridge and the fifth metal ridge are equal. The first metal ridge is located above the second metal block. The length of the first metal ridge is greater than its width, its length is equal to the length of the second metal block, its width is less than the width of the second metal block, and its height is equal to the height of the second step. The left end face of the first metal ridge is flush with the left end face of the second metal block, the front end face of the first metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the second metal block, and the lower end face of the first metal ridge is connected to the upper end face of the second metal block and is in a fitted state. The second metal ridge is located above the first step. and the left side of the second step, the right end face of the second metal ridge is connected to the left end face of the second step and is in a fitted state, the left end face of the second metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first step is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end face of the second metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the second step, the lower end face of the second metal ridge is connected to the upper end face of the first step and is in a fitted state; the height of the second metal ridge is equal to the height of the second step; the third metal ridge is located On the right side of the second metal block, the left end face of the third metal ridge is connected to the right end face of the second metal block and is in a fitted state, the right end face of the third metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first hollow groove is located and on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove is located, the front end face of the third metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the second metal block, the lower end face of the third metal ridge is connected to the lower end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, and the upper end face of the third metal ridge is flush with the upper end face of the second metal block;The fourth metal ridge is located on the left side of the first step, the right end face of the fourth metal ridge is connected to the left end face of the first step, and are in a fitted state, the left end face of the fourth metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end face of the fourth metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the first step, the length of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the length of the first step, the height of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the height of the first step, the fifth metal ridge is arranged in the first hollow groove, the length of the fifth metal ridge is greater than its width, and its width is smaller than the width of the first hollow groove, and its height is smaller than the height of the first hollow groove, and the fifth The front end face of the metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the first hollow groove, the upper end face of the fifth metal ridge is flush with the upper end face of the first hollow groove, the left end face of the fifth metal ridge is at a distance from the left end face of the first hollow groove, the right end face of the fifth metal ridge is at a distance from the right end face of the first hollow groove, the distance from the left end face of the fifth metal ridge to the left end face of the first hollow groove is less than the distance from its right end face to the right end face of the first hollow groove, the left end face of the fifth metal ridge is located on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the right end face of the fifth metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge is located, and there is a distance between the two. ; 4. The large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that In each of the antenna units, the S-band transceiver structure includes a sixth metal ridge, a seventh metal ridge, an eighth metal ridge, a ninth metal ridge and a tenth metal ridge, and the sixth metal ridge, the seventh metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge, the ninth metal ridge and the tenth metal ridge are all rectangular parallelepiped structures, and their lengths are all along the front-to-back direction, their widths are all along the left-to-right direction, and their heights are all along the up-down direction;The sixth metal ridge is located at the rear side of the second step, the length of the sixth metal ridge is greater than its width, its width is equal to the width of the second step, and its height is equal to the height of the second step, the right end face of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the second step, the front end face of the sixth metal ridge is connected to the rear end face of the second step, and they are in a fitted state, the lower end face of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the lower end face of the second step, the rear end face of the sixth metal ridge is located between the front end face and the rear end face of the third hollow groove, the seventh metal ridge is located at the rear side of the sixth metal ridge, and the seventh metal ridge The rear end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the left end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the left end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the lower end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the upper end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the upper end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the front end surface of the seventh metal ridge is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end surface of the third hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the two, the length of the seventh metal ridge is equal to the length of the sixth metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge is located below the sixth metal ridge and the The eighth metal ridge is located at the rear side of the first step, the length of the eighth metal ridge is greater than its width, its width is equal to the width of the sixth metal ridge, and its height is equal to the height of the second metal block, the right end face of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the first step, the front end face of the eighth metal ridge is connected to the rear end face of the first step, and are in a fitted state, the lower end face of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the lower end face of the first step, the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the sixth metal ridge is located and on the front side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove is located, and the ninth metal ridge is located below the seventh metal ridge. The rear end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the rear end face of the first metal block, the right end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the seventh metal ridge, the left end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the left end face of the eighth metal ridge, the upper end face of the ninth metal ridge is connected to the lower end face of the seventh metal ridge and is in a fitted state, the lower end face of the ninth metal ridge is connected to the upper end face of the first metal block and is in a fitted state, the front end face of the ninth metal ridge is located on the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the two, and the length of the ninth metal ridge is equal to the length of the eighth metal ridge;The tenth metal ridge is arranged in the third hollow groove, the length of the tenth metal ridge is smaller than its width, and its length is smaller than the length of the third hollow groove, the height is smaller than the height of the third hollow groove, and the width is smaller than the width of the third hollow groove, the right end face of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the third hollow groove, the upper end face of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the upper end face of the third hollow groove, the distance from the front end face of the tenth metal ridge to the front end face of the third hollow groove is greater than the distance from the rear end face to the rear end face of the third hollow groove, the front end face of the tenth metal ridge is located between the front end face of the third hollow groove and the plane where the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge is located, and the rear end face of the tenth metal ridge is located between the plane where the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge is located and the rear end face of the third hollow groove.; 5. The large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that In each of the antenna units, each of the metal coaxial probes includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the axial direction of the first cylinder is along the up-down direction, the first cylinder is provided with a first through hole that penetrates axially, the first through hole is coaxial with the first cylinder, the second cylinder coaxially passes through the first through hole, the radius of the second cylinder is equal to the radius of the first through hole, the lower end face of the second cylinder is flush with the lower end face of the first cylinder, and the upper end face of the second cylinder is located above the plane where the upper end face of the first cylinder is located; the metal connecting plate is provided with a second through hole and a third through hole that penetrate up and down, The second through hole is located directly below the fifth metal ridge, the diameter of the second through hole and the diameter of the third through hole are both equal to the diameter of the first cylinder, the upper part of the first cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is embedded in the second through hole, the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is connected to the lower end surface of the fifth metal ridge and are in a fitted state, the third through hole is located directly below the tenth metal ridge, the upper part of the first cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is embedded in the third through hole, the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is connected to the lower end surface of the tenth metal ridge and are in a fitted state.

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