Internet of things information transmission method and system in low earth orbit satellite Internet of things

Abstract

The invention discloses an Internet of Things information transmission method and system in a low earth orbit satellite Internet of Things, and relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and the method comprises the steps: each Internet of Things terminal generates a corresponding pilot frequency sequence according to the ID of the terminal, and builds a quantum key between the Internet of Things terminal and a satellite terminal; collecting data needing to be transmitted through a sensor data interface, and performing primary encryption and secondary encryption on the data by using the established quantum key; the attitude and course information of the vehicle is monitored in real time, and the pitching and azimuth angles of the two-dimensional phased-array antenna are adjusted according to the position of the synchronous satellite; sending the finally encrypted data to a middle and low orbit communication satellite through the adjusted two-dimensional phased-array antenna, and monitoring the link quality in real time; according to the method, a three-layer heterogeneous encryption mechanism is combined with quantum physical characteristics, so that the confidentiality in a data transmission process is improved, and the resistance to quantum attacks is enhanced by using advanced algorithms such as lattice cryptography and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and in particular to a method and system for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, especially the advancement of low-orbit satellite communication technology, has provided new solutions for information transmission on a global scale. However, traditional IoT information transmission methods face many challenges in terms of security, reliability, and efficiency. Especially in remote and dynamic environments, such as vehicle movement scenarios, how to ensure the security of data transmission, reduce multipath interference, and improve link quality has become an urgent problem to be solved. In addition, existing encryption methods are difficult to resist quantum computing attacks, and there is a lack of effective means to optimize antenna beam pointing in real time to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

[0003] The shortcomings of the current relevant technologies are mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, traditional encryption methods have limited defense capabilities against quantum computing attacks, which makes sensitive data at risk of leakage during transmission; on the other hand, in complex environments, such as urban canyons or areas with significant multipath effects, traditional phased array antenna beam pointing adjustment strategies cannot meet the needs of efficient and accurate data transmission. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an Internet of Things information transmission method in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things to solve the problems in traditional Internet of Things information transmission methods that encryption means have weak anti-quantum attack capabilities and that phased array antenna beam pointing optimization is not suitable for dynamic environments.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for transmitting information of an Internet of Things in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things, which includes: each Internet of Things terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating a quantum fingerprint of an identity ID, and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with a satellite terminal; The data to be transmitted is collected through the sensor data interface, and the established quantum key is used to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted; Introducing a vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle’s attitude and heading information in real time, and dynamically optimizing the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna based on the position of the synchronous satellite; The final encrypted data is sent to medium and low orbit communication satellites through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and the link quality is sensed based on the principle of quantum teleportation; After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low orbit communication satellites forward it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, each Internet of Things terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, including the following steps: Map the identity ID of the IoT terminal into a binary array of fixed length and inject the entropy source of the quantum random number generator to form a mixed seed; The linear feedback shift register is used as a random sequence generation algorithm, a mixed seed is used to initialize the quantum logic gate array, and non-deterministic bit flipping is performed through the quantum tunneling effect to generate a quantum fingerprint seed. Update the state of the quantum logic gate array bit by bit, dynamically change the feedback coefficient of the register through the quantum tunneling effect, and generate a pseudo-random sequence with non-periodic characteristics; Quantum Berry curvature modulation is introduced to manipulate the electronic wave function of two-dimensional materials so that the phase of the sequence produces topological protection characteristics depending on the spatial position, and the pseudo-random sequence is mapped to the complex domain to generate a pilot sequence that is resistant to multipath interference.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, the establishment of a quantum key based on time-space association includes the following steps: The IoT terminal sends the pilot sequence to the satellite, which verifies the quantum coherence of the pilot through the photonic crystal fiber channel and obtains the quantum dispersion parameters of the current channel. The IoT terminal modulates the quantum state according to the quantum dispersion parameters, encodes the modulated photon state in the orbital angular momentum dimension and sends it to the satellite end; The satellite uses a single-photon detector array to perform quantum measurements and returns the measurement results by compensating for channel losses through quantum teleportation. The IoT terminal uses a quantum recursive error correction protocol to calculate the shared key.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, wherein: collecting the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface, and using the established quantum key to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted includes the following steps: Initialize the sensor interface, regularly collect the data to be transmitted, and add quantum timestamps; Divide the data packet to be transmitted into data segments of fixed length, and attach a quantum fingerprint verification tag to each segment; The data segment with the quantum fingerprint verification tag is converted into a quantum bit state using a shared key, and a superposition state photon is generated through wave plate modulation; The superposition state photon stream and auxiliary information are sent through the classical channel, and the quantum channel synchronously transmits the quantum fingerprint verification tag to obtain the first layer of encrypted data; Derive the lattice cryptographic key from the shared key and generate a quantum-resistant AES variant algorithm through the key derivation function; Perform quantum-resistant AES variant encryption on the first layer of encrypted data to generate the second layer of encrypted data; The second-layer encrypted data is encapsulated as a space-time enhanced data packet, embedded with Beidou timing second pulse, accelerometer vibration spectrum and satellite orbit parameters, and a quantum key stream generator based on the number theory encryption algorithm of the shortest vector problem in an ideal lattice is used to protect the space-time enhanced data packet from mathematical non-cloning and generate the final encrypted data.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, the vehicle digital twin model is introduced to monitor the attitude and heading information of the vehicle in real time, and the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna is dynamically optimized according to the position of the synchronous satellite, including the following steps: Obtain real-time posture data from the six-axis IMU, start the vehicle digital twin model, and predict posture changes in a short period of time; Combined with the high-precision measurement data of the quantum gyroscope, the prediction results are fused with real-time data through the Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected attitude estimate; Calculate the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle based on the ephemeris data of the synchronous satellite and the terminal position; The quantum fluctuation correction factor is introduced to correct the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle, and compared with the corrected attitude estimate value to generate the final pointing angle to compensate for the signal distortion in the low-orbit environment; The final pointing angle adjustment instruction is processed through one quantum encryption and three SHA-3 hashes to generate a protection instruction, which is sent to the two-dimensional phased array antenna control unit to drive the adaptive beamforming chip to adjust the array phase.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, the method includes sending the finally encrypted data to the medium- and low-orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and sensing the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation, including the following steps: Performing orthogonal amplitude modulation on the final encrypted data, inserting a quantum noise floor based on a single photon source, and generating a modulated signal; Use the up-conversion module to up-convert the modulated signal from the baseband to the required high frequency band to obtain a high frequency signal; The high-frequency signal is sent to medium and low orbit communication satellites by adjusting the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna; Quantum signature of signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate using quantum key; Set the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate threshold according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate; An anomaly detection model based on the principle of quantum teleportation is constructed. When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, it is considered that there is a risk of link interruption. According to the current geographical location and satellite coverage, a backup link is established, and the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna is adjusted to point to the backup link; The status of the primary link is continuously monitored. When a link quality degradation is detected, a link switching operation is immediately performed to stop sending data to the primary link and start sending data to the backup link.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, the medium- and low-orbit communication satellite forwards the encrypted data to the ground station after receiving it, and the ground station decrypts the data using the same quantum key and encryption algorithm, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that resists quantum computing, including the following steps: The satellite receives high-frequency signals from IoT terminal devices through an antenna system and uses a down-conversion module to convert the received high-frequency signals back to baseband signals. Demodulate and decode the baseband signal according to the transmission protocol and reconstruct it into the original data packet; The satellite selects the target ground station to forward the received data packets based on the current geographical location and network topology; The ground station receives data packets forwarded from the satellite through its communication interface, uses the quantum key encapsulation engine to verify the legitimacy of the source, extracts the shared key, performs post-quantum signature decryption, and recovers the quantum-resistant AES variant key; The first layer of decryption restores the space-time enhanced data packet through the inverse process of quantum teleportation and verifies the quantum fingerprint verification tag; The second-layer decryption uses lattice cryptography to reverse the AES-Lattice second-layer encrypted data and recover the data segment encrypted by quantum teleportation; The third level of decryption is to use the number theory encryption algorithm to reverse the operation to obtain the original data segment; Calculate the quantum-resistant hash value of the decrypted original data segment using a hash function and compare it with the expected hash value; When the two hash values ​​are equal, the data is considered complete and correct. When the two hash values ​​are not equal, the zero-knowledge proof retransmission mechanism is activated, requiring the terminal to resend part of the hash; The final decrypted and verified data is formatted and stored in the database.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an Internet of Things information transmission system in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things, including an authentication key module, each Internet of Things terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating a quantum fingerprint of an identity ID, and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with a satellite terminal; The data encryption module collects the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface and uses the established quantum key to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted; The attitude control module introduces the vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time, and dynamically optimizes the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the synchronous satellite; The signal processing module sends the final encrypted data to medium and low orbit communication satellites through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and senses the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation; Decryption and verification module: After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: when the computer program is executed by the processor, any step of the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as described in the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any step of the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by adopting quantum fingerprints to generate dynamic pilot sequences and establishing quantum keys based on time-space correlation, the security of information transmission in the Internet of Things is effectively enhanced, and the problem that traditional encryption methods are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks is solved. Furthermore, the three-layer heterogeneous encryption mechanism combines the characteristics of quantum physics, which not only improves the confidentiality during data transmission, but also enhances resistance to quantum attacks by using advanced algorithms such as lattice cryptography. At the same time, the introduction of the vehicle digital twin model realizes real-time optimization of the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of data transmission. Especially in a dynamic environment, the optimization measure can adjust the beam direction in time according to changes in the vehicle posture and heading, reduce signal interference, and ensure high-quality data transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things in Example 1.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a system diagram of the Internet of Things information transmission system in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0023] Example 1, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and provides a method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things, comprising the following steps: S1. Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with the satellite end.

[0024] S1.1. Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID. S1.1.1 The identity ID of the IoT terminal is mapped into a binary array of fixed length and injected into the entropy source of the quantum random number generator to form a mixed seed.

[0025] It is further explained that the formation of the hybrid seed is obtained by injecting the entropy source of the quantum random number generator into the combination with the real random number generated inside the quantum random number generator. This method enhances the security of the seed because it combines the inherent identity information of the device with the real randomness, making it difficult for the attacker to predict the final seed value even if he knows part of the information.

[0026] S1.1.2. Use the linear feedback shift register as a random sequence generation algorithm, use a mixed seed to initialize the quantum logic gate array, perform non-deterministic bit flipping through the quantum tunneling effect, and generate a quantum fingerprint seed.

[0027] It is further explained that the quantum fingerprint seed is generated by using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), but unlike the traditional LFSR, a quantum logic gate array is used as the core component here. During initialization, the mixed seed obtained in the previous step is used to set the initial state, and then the quantum tunneling effect causes non-deterministic bit flips to generate a unique quantum fingerprint seed. Quantum tunneling introduces additional uncertainty, increases the unpredictability and complexity of the generated sequence, and improves security.

[0028] S1.1.3. Update the state of the quantum logic gate array bit by bit, dynamically change the feedback coefficient of the register through the quantum tunneling effect, and generate a pseudo-random sequence with non-periodic characteristics.

[0029] It is further explained that the quantum fingerprint seed is used to continuously update the state of quantum logic, and the quantum tunneling effect is used to dynamically adjust the feedback coefficient of the LFSR to generate a pseudo-random sequence with a highly non-periodic property. The dynamically changing feedback coefficient ensures the high unpredictability of the sequence and effectively prevents pattern analysis attacks.

[0030] S1.1.4. Introduce quantum Berry curvature modulation, and by manipulating the electronic wave function of two-dimensional materials, make the phase of the sequence produce topological protection characteristics with the spatial position, map the pseudo-random sequence to the complex domain, and generate a pilot sequence that is resistant to multipath interference.

[0031] It should be noted that by introducing the concept of quantum Berry curvature, the quality of data transmission under complex channel conditions (such as the presence of multiple reflection paths) can be significantly improved and the bit error rate can be reduced.

[0032] S1.2. Establishing quantum key based on time-space correlation includes the following steps: S1.2.1. The IoT terminal sends the pilot sequence to the satellite end, and the satellite end verifies the quantum coherence of the pilot sequence through the photonic crystal fiber channel and obtains the quantum dispersion parameters of the current channel.

[0033] It should be noted that accurate measurement of quantum dispersion parameters is crucial for the subsequent correct execution of quantum state modulation, which directly affects the success rate of key distribution.

[0034] S1.2.2. The IoT terminal performs quantum state modulation according to the quantum dispersion parameters, encodes the modulated photon state in the orbital angular momentum dimension and sends it to the satellite terminal.

[0035] It is further explained that quantum state adjustment and encoding are based on the obtained dispersion parameters. The IoT terminal adjusts the state of its output photons, especially their orbital angular momentum (OAM), and then emits photons in these specific states. The dimension provides additional information carrying capacity, which helps to improve the overall capacity of the system. At the same time, customizing the modulation strategy for known dispersion conditions can enhance the ability to combat noise.

[0036] S1.2.3. The satellite uses a single-photon detector array to perform quantum measurements and returns the measurement results by compensating for channel losses through quantum teleportation. The IoT terminal uses a quantum recursive error correction protocol to calculate the shared key.

[0037] It should be noted that quantum teleportation technology is used to compensate for possible losses during long-distance transmission, and the results are fed back to the Internet of Things. The two parties jointly calculate a consistent shared key based on a pre-agreed protocol, which not only achieves ultra-long-distance secure communication, but also further enhances the security and reliability of the key through recursive error correction.

[0038] S2. Collect the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface, and use the established quantum key to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted, including the following steps: S2.1. Initialize the sensor interface, regularly collect the data to be transmitted, and add quantum timestamps.

[0039] It should be noted that quantum timestamps provide high-precision time marking, enhance the timeliness and traceability of data, and facilitate subsequent data verification and synchronization.

[0040] S2.2. Divide the data packet to be transmitted into data segments of fixed length, and attach a quantum fingerprint verification tag to each segment.

[0041] To further explain, a quantum fingerprint verification tag is a unique identifier generated by a quantum random number generator.

[0042] It should be noted that data segmentation improves processing efficiency, and quantum fingerprint verification tags can be used to detect the integrity and authenticity of data and prevent data tampering.

[0043] S2.3. Use the shared key to convert the data segment with the attached quantum fingerprint verification tag into a quantum bit state, and generate superposition state photons through wave plate modulation.

[0044] It should be noted that the use of quantum bit states provides higher security because any unauthorized measurement will change the quantum state and thus be detected, and the wave plate modulation technology enables quantum bits to be efficiently transmitted at the physical level.

[0045] S2.4. Send the superposition photon stream and auxiliary information through the classical channel, and the quantum channel synchronously transmits the quantum fingerprint verification tag to obtain the first layer of encrypted data.

[0046] It should be noted that the combination of classical channels and quantum channels utilizes the advantages of both. Classical channels provide efficient transmission capabilities, while quantum channels ensure the security and integrity of data.

[0047] S2.5. Derive the lattice cryptographic key from the shared key and generate an AES variant algorithm that is resistant to quantum attacks through the key derivation function.

[0048] It should be noted that lattice cryptography keys are resistant to quantum computing attacks, which improves the long-term security of the system, and the key derivation function ensures the high quality and unpredictability of the keys.

[0049] S2.6. Perform quantum-resistant AES variant encryption on the first layer of encrypted data to generate second layer of encrypted data.

[0050] It should be noted that the quantum-resistant AES variant algorithm not only retains the high efficiency of traditional AES, but also increases resistance to quantum computing attacks, further improving data security.

[0051] S2.7. Encapsulate the second-layer encrypted data into a space-time enhanced data packet, embed the Beidou timing second pulse, accelerometer vibration spectrum and satellite orbit parameters, and use a quantum key stream generator based on the number theory encryption algorithm of the shortest vector problem in an ideal lattice to perform mathematical non-cloning protection on the space-time enhanced data packet to generate the final encrypted data.

[0052] It should be noted that the additional information in the space-time enhanced data packet provides rich context, which helps to verify and synchronize the data, but also increases the difficulty for attackers to crack it. The number theory encryption algorithm based on ideal lattice provides extremely high security, especially against quantum computing attacks. The mathematical uncloning protection ensures the uniqueness and non-replicability of the data, further enhancing the security of the system.

[0053] S3. Introducing the vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time, and dynamically optimizing the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the synchronous satellite includes the following steps: S3.1. Obtain real-time posture data from the six-axis IMU and start the vehicle digital twin model to predict posture changes in a short period of time (e.g., within a few seconds).

[0054] To further explain, the real-time posture data includes acceleration and angular velocity, etc.

[0055] It should be noted that the six-axis IMU provides high-frequency and high-precision attitude data, ensuring the accuracy of real-time monitoring. The vehicle digital twin model can adjust the antenna beam pointing in advance and reduce delays by predicting attitude changes.

[0056] S3.2. Combined with the high-precision measurement data of the quantum gyroscope, the prediction results are fused with the real-time data through the Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected attitude estimate.

[0057] It should be noted that the high-precision data of the quantum gyroscope improves the accuracy of attitude estimation, and the Kalman filter algorithm can effectively remove noise and improve the stability of attitude estimation.

[0058] S3.3. Calculate the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle based on the ephemeris data of the synchronous satellite and the terminal position (latitude, longitude, altitude).

[0059] To further explain, the elevation angle and the azimuth angle are calculated by geometric calculation methods (such as spherical trigonometry).

[0060] It should be noted that the ephemeris data provides accurate satellite position information to ensure the accuracy of antenna pointing, and the geometric calculation method is simple and efficient, suitable for real-time applications.

[0061] S3.4. Introduce the quantum fluctuation correction factor to correct the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle, compare them with the corrected attitude estimate, generate the final pointing angle, and compensate for the signal distortion in the low orbit environment.

[0062] To further explain, the quantum fluctuation correction factor is a random number generated based on the principles of quantum mechanics.

[0063] It should be noted that the quantum fluctuation correction factor increases the randomness and unpredictability of the system, improves the anti-interference ability, and further improves the accuracy of the pointing angle through comparison and correction.

[0064] S3.5. The final pointing angle adjustment instruction is generated through one quantum encryption and three SHA-3 hashes to generate a protection instruction, which is sent to the two-dimensional phased array antenna control unit to drive the adaptive beamforming chip to adjust the array phase.

[0065] It should be noted that quantum encryption provides extremely high security to prevent instructions from being stolen or tampered with. SHA-3 hash processing enhances the integrity of instructions and ensures that instructions are not modified during transmission. The adaptive beamforming chip can quickly respond to adjustment instructions to achieve efficient beam pointing control.

[0066] S4. Send the final encrypted data to the medium and low orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and perceive the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation, including the following steps: S4.1. Perform orthogonal amplitude modulation on the final encrypted data and insert a quantum noise floor based on a single photon source to generate a modulated signal.

[0067] To further illustrate, the single photon source can be a device based on semiconductor quantum dots or superconducting nanowires.

[0068] It should be noted that orthogonal amplitude modulation provides higher spectral efficiency and is suitable for high-speed data transmission. Inserting a quantum noise base increases the randomness and unpredictability of the signal and improves security.

[0069] S4.2. Use the up-conversion module to up-convert the modulated signal from the baseband to the required high frequency band to obtain a high frequency signal, such as Ku band or Ka band.

[0070] It should be noted that high-frequency band signals have better penetration ability and smaller antenna size, which are suitable for satellite communications. The precise up-conversion process ensures the quality and integrity of the signal.

[0071] S4.3. Send high-frequency signals to medium and low orbit communication satellites by adjusting the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna.

[0072] It should be noted that the two-dimensional phased array antenna can quickly and flexibly adjust the beam direction to improve communication efficiency. The beamforming technology reduces sidelobe interference and improves signal concentration and anti-interference capabilities.

[0073] S4.4. Use quantum keys to perform quantum signatures on signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate.

[0074] It should be noted that quantum signatures provide extremely high security, preventing the signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate data from being tampered with, and ensuring the authenticity and integrity of link quality monitoring data.

[0075] S4.5. Set the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate threshold according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate; construct an anomaly detection model based on the principle of quantum teleportation. When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, it is considered that there is a risk of link interruption.

[0076] It should be noted that quantum teleportation technology provides extremely high sensitivity and real-time performance, and can quickly detect the decline in link quality. The quantum entanglement characteristics make the detection results difficult to be tampered with.

[0077] S4.6. Establish a backup link based on the current geographic location and satellite coverage, and adjust the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna to point to the backup link; continuously monitor the status of the main link, and when it detects that the link quality has deteriorated, immediately perform a link switching operation, stop sending data to the main link, and start sending data to the backup link.

[0078] It should be noted that the backup link provides redundancy, ensuring seamless switching and maintaining communication continuity when problems occur in the main link. Real-time monitoring and fast switching operations ensure the reliability and continuity of communications and reduce data loss and delays caused by link interruptions.

[0079] S5. After receiving the encrypted data, the low- and medium-orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data and verify the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing. The steps include: S5.1. The satellite receives high-frequency signals from IoT terminal devices through the antenna system and uses a down-conversion module to convert the received high-frequency signals back to baseband signals.

[0080] To further explain, the down-conversion module includes components such as mixers, filters and amplifiers.

[0081] It should be noted that the down-conversion process converts high-frequency signals into easy-to-process baseband signals for subsequent demodulation and decoding. Mixers and filters ensure the quality and stability of the signal and reduce noise and interference.

[0082] S5.2. Demodulate and decode the baseband signal according to the transmission protocol and reconstruct it into the original data packet.

[0083] To further explain, during the decoding process, a corresponding decoding algorithm (such as Viterbi decoding or LDPC decoding) is used to extract data from the demodulated signal.

[0084] It should be noted that the demodulation and decoding process restores the original data packet, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data. Selecting an efficient decoding algorithm can improve the success rate and speed of data recovery.

[0085] S5.3. The satellite selects the target ground station to forward the received data packets based on the current geographical location and network topology. The ground station receives the data packets forwarded from the satellite through its communication interface, uses the quantum key encapsulation engine to verify the legitimacy of the source, extracts the shared key, performs post-quantum signature decryption, and recovers the quantum-resistant AES variant key.

[0086] It should be noted that the quantum key encapsulation engine ensures the security and legitimacy of the data source, and post-quantum signature decryption provides a highly secure key recovery mechanism to prevent the key from being tampered with.

[0087] S5.4. The first layer of decryption restores the space-time enhanced data packet through the reverse process of quantum teleportation and verifies the quantum fingerprint verification tag; the second layer of decryption uses lattice cryptography to reversely decrypt the AES-Lattice second layer encrypted data and restore the data segment encrypted by quantum teleportation; the third layer of decryption uses the number theory encryption algorithm to reversely calculate and obtain the original data segment.

[0088] It should be noted that the inverse process of quantum teleportation provides extremely high security, ensuring the confidentiality of data during transmission, verifying the quantum fingerprint verification tag, ensuring the integrity of the data and that it has not been tampered with. The reverse operation of lattice cryptography provides strong security to resist quantum computing attacks. The number theory encryption algorithm provides extremely high security to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data.

[0089] S5.5. Use the hash function to calculate the quantum-resistant hash value of the decrypted original data segment and compare it with the expected hash value; when the two hash values ​​are equal, the data is considered complete and correct; when the two hash values ​​are not equal, the zero-knowledge proof retransmission mechanism is activated, requiring the terminal to resend part of the hash; the final decrypted and verified data is formatted and stored in the database.

[0090] It should be noted that hash value comparison provides a fast and effective method for verifying data integrity. By resending partial hash values, errors in data transmission can be effectively detected and corrected.

[0091] This embodiment also provides an Internet of Things information transmission system in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things, including: Authentication key module: each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with the satellite terminal; The data encryption module collects the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface and uses the established quantum key to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted; The attitude control module introduces the vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time, and dynamically optimizes the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the synchronous satellite; The signal processing module sends the final encrypted data to medium and low orbit communication satellites through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and senses the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation; Decryption and verification module: After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing.

[0092] This embodiment also provides a computer device, which is applicable to the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things, and includes: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute computer-executable instructions to implement the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0093] The computer device may be a terminal, and the computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected through a system bus. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be achieved through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covered on the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad provided on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0094] This embodiment also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for realizing information transmission of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things proposed in the above embodiment is implemented; the storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, referred to as SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, referred to as EPROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable Red-Only Memory, referred to as PROM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

[0095] In summary, the present invention effectively enhances the security of information transmission in the Internet of Things by using quantum fingerprints to generate dynamic pilot sequences and establish quantum keys based on time-space correlation, and solves the problem that traditional encryption methods are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks. Furthermore, the three-layer heterogeneous encryption mechanism combines the characteristics of quantum physics, which not only improves the confidentiality during data transmission, but also enhances resistance to quantum attacks by using advanced algorithms such as lattice cryptography. At the same time, the introduction of the vehicle digital twin model realizes real-time optimization of the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of data transmission. Especially in a dynamic environment, the optimization measure can adjust the beam direction in time according to changes in the vehicle posture and heading, reduce signal interference, and ensure high-quality data transmission.

[0096] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting information of Internet of Things in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things, characterized in that: include, Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with the satellite terminal; The data to be transmitted is collected through the sensor data interface, and the established quantum key is used to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted; Introducing a vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle’s attitude and heading information in real time, and dynamically optimizing the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna based on the position of the synchronous satellite; The final encrypted data is sent to medium and low orbit communication satellites through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and the link quality is sensed based on the principle of quantum teleportation; After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low orbit communication satellites forward it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing.

2. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, including the following steps: Map the identity ID of the IoT terminal into a binary array of fixed length and inject the entropy source of the quantum random number generator to form a mixed seed; The linear feedback shift register is used as a random sequence generation algorithm, a mixed seed is used to initialize the quantum logic gate array, and non-deterministic bit flipping is performed through the quantum tunneling effect to generate a quantum fingerprint seed. Update the state of the quantum logic gate array bit by bit, dynamically change the feedback coefficient of the register through the quantum tunneling effect, and generate a pseudo-random sequence with non-periodic characteristics; Quantum Berry curvature modulation is introduced to manipulate the electronic wave function of two-dimensional materials so that the phase of the sequence produces topological protection characteristics depending on the spatial position, and the pseudo-random sequence is mapped to the complex domain to generate a pilot sequence that is resistant to multipath interference.

3. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The establishment of a quantum key based on time-space correlation comprises the following steps: The IoT terminal sends the pilot sequence to the satellite, which verifies the quantum coherence of the pilot through the photonic crystal fiber channel and obtains the quantum dispersion parameters of the current channel. The IoT terminal modulates the quantum state according to the quantum dispersion parameters, encodes the modulated photon state in the orbital angular momentum dimension and sends it to the satellite end; The satellite uses a single-photon detector array to perform quantum measurements and returns the measurement results by compensating for channel losses through quantum teleportation. The IoT terminal uses a quantum recursive error correction protocol to calculate the shared key.

4. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The data to be transmitted is collected through the sensor data interface, and the established quantum key is used to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted The following steps are included: Initialize the sensor interface, regularly collect the data to be transmitted, and add quantum timestamps; Divide the data packet to be transmitted into data segments of fixed length, and attach a quantum fingerprint verification tag to each segment; The data segment with the quantum fingerprint verification tag is converted into a quantum bit state using a shared key, and a superposition state photon is generated through wave plate modulation; The superposition state photon stream and auxiliary information are sent through the classical channel, and the quantum channel synchronously transmits the quantum fingerprint verification tag to obtain the first layer of encrypted data; Derive the lattice cryptographic key from the shared key and generate a quantum-resistant AES variant algorithm through the key derivation function; Perform quantum-resistant AES variant encryption on the first layer of encrypted data to generate the second layer of encrypted data; The second-layer encrypted data is encapsulated as a space-time enhanced data packet, embedded with Beidou timing second pulse, accelerometer vibration spectrum and satellite orbit parameters, and a quantum key stream generator based on the number theory encryption algorithm of the shortest vector problem in an ideal lattice is used to protect the space-time enhanced data packet from mathematical non-cloning and generate the final encrypted data.

5. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The vehicle digital twin model is introduced to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time. The beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna is dynamically optimized according to the position of the synchronous satellite. The following steps are included: Obtain real-time posture data from the six-axis IMU, start the vehicle digital twin model, and predict posture changes in a short period of time; Combined with the high-precision measurement data of the quantum gyroscope, the prediction results are fused with real-time data through the Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected attitude estimate; Calculate the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle based on the ephemeris data of the synchronous satellite and the terminal position; The quantum fluctuation correction factor is introduced to correct the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle, and compared with the corrected attitude estimate value to generate the final pointing angle to compensate for the signal distortion in the low-orbit environment; The final pointing angle adjustment instruction is processed through one quantum encryption and three SHA-3 hashes to generate a protection instruction, which is sent to the two-dimensional phased array antenna control unit to drive the adaptive beamforming chip to adjust the array phase.

6. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The final encrypted data is sent to the medium and low orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and the link quality is sensed based on the principle of quantum teleportation, including the following steps: Performing orthogonal amplitude modulation on the final encrypted data, inserting a quantum noise floor based on a single photon source, and generating a modulated signal; Use the up-conversion module to up-convert the modulated signal from the baseband to the required high frequency band to obtain a high frequency signal; The high-frequency signal is sent to medium and low orbit communication satellites by adjusting the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna; Quantum signature of signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate using quantum key; Set the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate threshold according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate; An anomaly detection model based on the principle of quantum teleportation is constructed. When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, it is considered that there is a risk of link interruption. According to the current geographical location and satellite coverage, a backup link is established, and the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna is adjusted to point to the backup link; The status of the primary link is continuously monitored. When a link quality degradation is detected, a link switching operation is immediately performed to stop sending data to the primary link and start sending data to the backup link.

7. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: After receiving the encrypted data, the low- and medium-orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data and verify the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing. The steps include: The satellite receives high-frequency signals from IoT terminal devices through an antenna system and uses a down-conversion module to convert the received high-frequency signals back to baseband signals. Demodulate and decode the baseband signal according to the transmission protocol and reconstruct it into the original data packet; The satellite selects the target ground station to forward the received data packets based on the current geographical location and network topology; The ground station receives data packets forwarded from the satellite through its communication interface, uses the quantum key encapsulation engine to verify the legitimacy of the source, extracts the shared key, performs post-quantum signature decryption, and recovers the quantum-resistant AES variant key; The first layer of decryption restores the space-time enhanced data packet through the inverse process of quantum teleportation and verifies the quantum fingerprint verification tag; The second-layer decryption uses lattice cryptography to reverse the AES-Lattice second-layer encrypted data and recover the data segment encrypted by quantum teleportation; The third level of decryption is to use the number theory encryption algorithm to reverse the operation to obtain the original data segment; Calculate the quantum-resistant hash value of the decrypted original data segment using a hash function and compare it with the expected hash value; When the two hash values ​​are equal, the data is considered complete and correct. When the two hash values ​​are not equal, the zero-knowledge proof retransmission mechanism is activated, requiring the terminal to resend part of the hash; The final decrypted and verified data is formatted and stored in the database.

8. A low-orbit satellite Internet of Things information transmission system, based on the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things information transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include, Authentication key module: each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with the satellite terminal; The data encryption module collects the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface and uses the established quantum key to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted; The attitude control module introduces the vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time, and dynamically optimizes the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the synchronous satellite; The signal processing module sends the final encrypted data to medium and low orbit communication satellites through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and senses the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation; Decryption and verification module: After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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