Electron accelerator

Abstract

The invention discloses an electron accelerator, and relates to the technical field of electron accelerators. The electron accelerator comprises a transistor microwave source, an amplifying circuit and an accelerating tube. The transistor microwave source is used for generating radio frequency power; the amplifying circuit comprises an input end and an output end, the input end is connected with the transistor microwave source, and the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source to preset power; the accelerating tube comprises an accelerating cavity, and the output end is connected with the accelerating cavity so as to transmit the preset power to the accelerating cavity. According to the electron accelerator disclosed by the invention, miniaturization of the whole electron accelerator can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to but is not limited to the technical field of electron accelerators, and in particular to an electron accelerator. Background Art

[0002] An electron accelerator is a resonant accelerator that uses high radio frequency power to accelerate electron beams. The high-frequency electromagnetic field generated by the radio frequency power source enables electrons to gain energy in the electric field and accelerate.

[0003] In the related art, the high-power RF power source used is generally an electronic vacuum device such as a klystron and a magnetron, because this type of microwave source driven by an electron beam can easily generate high-power pulsed microwaves of the order of megawatts, thereby providing sufficient power for the multi-cavity chain-coupled accelerator tube. However, the power transmission system of this type of electron accelerator is relatively complex, and the high-voltage pulse modulator is relatively large, resulting in an overly large size of the electron accelerator. Summary of the invention

[0004] The electron accelerator provided in the present application can realize the miniaturization of the entire electron accelerator.

[0005] The present application provides an electron accelerator, which includes a transistor microwave source, an amplifier circuit and an accelerating tube. The transistor microwave source is used to generate radio frequency power; the amplifier circuit includes an input end and an output end, the input end is connected to the transistor microwave source, and the amplifier circuit is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source to a preset power; the accelerating tube includes an accelerating cavity, and the output end is connected to the accelerating cavity to transmit the preset power to the accelerating cavity.

[0006] The electron accelerator provided by the present application connects a transistor microwave source to an accelerating cavity through an amplifier circuit. The transistor microwave source can generate low-power radio frequency power of the order of hundreds of watts. After the radio frequency power is input into the amplifier circuit, it is amplified step by step through the amplifier circuit. After the radio frequency power is amplified to the radio frequency input value required by the accelerator, it is input into the accelerating cavity, and the accelerating cavity accelerates the electrons. Due to the small size of the transistor microwave source, the complex power transmission system and the huge high-voltage pulse modulator in the related technology can be omitted, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the accelerator.

[0007] In a possible implementation of the present application, the electron accelerator further includes a coupling ring, which is connected to the output end and to the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity to couple the amplification circuit and the acceleration cavity.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the present application, the cavity wall of the accelerating cavity includes a coupling opening, and the coupling ring passes through the coupling opening to connect with the accelerating cavity; the coupling ring includes a conductor portion and a coupling portion; at least part of the conductor portion is located outside the accelerating cavity and is used to connect to the output end; the coupling portion is located inside the accelerating cavity.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the present application, the electron accelerator includes at least a first operating mode to generate a magnetic field along a first direction, and an extension direction of the coupling portion remains perpendicular to the first direction.

[0010] In a possible implementation of the present application, the conductor portion is movably connected to the coupling opening, and the conductor portion moves relative to the coupling opening to change the distance between the end surface of the conductor portion and the coupling opening.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the present application, there are multiple accelerating cavities, and each accelerating cavity is independently configured with an amplification circuit and a transistor microwave source.

[0012] In a possible implementation of the present application, the electron accelerator further includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the coupling ring via the amplification circuit and is used to control the working modes of the multiple coupling rings.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the present application, the accelerating tube includes a beam hole, and the beam hole is used to transmit electrons; the coupling ring and the beam hole are arranged on different cavity walls of the accelerating cavity.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the present application, the diameter of the beam hole is less than or equal to 1 cm and greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the present application, the amplifier circuit includes at least one of the following devices: a power detection device for detecting the power of the amplifier circuit; a temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the amplifier circuit; an excitation protection device for disconnecting the connection between the amplifier circuit and the coupling loop when the amplifier circuit is in an abnormal state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 An amplification step of the amplification circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of an electron accelerator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an accelerating tube and a coupling ring provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electron accelerator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an accelerating tube of an electron accelerator provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Reference numerals:

[0022] 1-transistor microwave source; 2-amplifier circuit; 21-input end; 22-output end; 3-accelerating tube; 31-accelerating cavity; 311-coupling opening; 32-beam hole; 4-coupling ring; 41-conductor part; 411-first conductor; 412-second conductor; 42-coupling part; 43-end face; 5-control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the specific technical solution of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present application, but are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0025] In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, directional terms such as "up", "down", "left" and "right" are defined relative to the orientation of the components in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they may change accordingly according to the changes in the orientation of the components in the drawings.

[0026] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0027] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0029] An electron accelerator is a resonant accelerator that uses high radio frequency power to accelerate electron beams. The high-frequency electromagnetic field generated by the radio frequency power source enables electrons to gain energy in the electric field and accelerate.

[0030] In the related art, the high-power RF power source used is generally an electronic vacuum device such as a klystron and a magnetron, because this type of microwave source driven by an electron beam can easily generate high-power pulsed microwaves of the order of megawatts, thereby providing sufficient power for the multi-cavity chain-coupled accelerator tube. However, the power transmission system of this type of electron accelerator is relatively complex, and the high-voltage pulse modulator is relatively large, resulting in an overly large size of the electron accelerator.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The embodiment of the present application provides an electron accelerator, which includes a transistor microwave source 1, an amplifier circuit 2, and an accelerating tube 3. The transistor microwave source 1 is used to generate radio frequency power; the amplifier circuit 2 includes an input end 21 and an output end 22, the input end 21 is connected to the transistor microwave source 1, and the amplifier circuit 2 is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 to a preset power; the accelerating tube 3 includes an accelerating cavity 31, and the output end 22 is connected to the accelerating cavity 31 to transmit the preset power to the accelerating cavity 31.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the transistor microwave source 1 is used to generate radio frequency power. Compared with electronic vacuum device amplifiers such as klystrons, solid-state amplifier power sources such as the transistor microwave source 1 have the advantages of good linear amplification, small size, light weight, high efficiency, easy integration, low operating temperature, low operating voltage, long life, high reliability, and easy installation and maintenance.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, the amplifier circuit 2 is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 to a preset power. The preset power can be understood as the power required for the accelerating tube 3 to efficiently accelerate electrons. The specific parameters of the preset power are adjusted according to the working requirements of the electron accelerator.

[0034] Reference Figure 2In the embodiment of the present application, the amplifier circuit 2 includes an input end 21 and an output end 22. The input end 21 is connected to the transistor microwave source 1 and is used to transmit the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 to the amplifier circuit 2. The radio frequency power is amplified step by step in the amplifier circuit 2 and is output from the output end 22. Since the output end 22 is connected to the acceleration cavity 31, the amplified radio frequency power can be transmitted to the acceleration tube 3 through the output end 22.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, the amplifier circuit 2 is usually composed of multiple amplifier stages, including a radio frequency input stage, a gain amplifier stage, a drive amplifier stage, and a final amplifier stage. Each amplifier stage contains electronic components such as transistors, inductors, and capacitors for realizing signal amplification and transmission. The microwave radio frequency is input into the amplifier circuit 2, and after gain amplification, drive amplification, and final amplification, it is finally amplified to the power required by the acceleration cavity 31, and then the radio frequency is output.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 , for example, in the embodiment of the present application, the RF input is the starting point of the amplifier circuit 2, and the RF input introduces the RF power generated by the transistor microwave source 1 into the amplifier circuit 2. At the RF input stage, a high-sensitivity RF receiving device is usually used to capture and receive the RF signal and convert it into an electrical signal that can be processed by the circuit.

[0037] Furthermore, the gain amplifier stage is the first amplification stage in the amplifier circuit 2. The main function of the gain amplifier is to preliminarily amplify the RF input signal. In the gain amplifier stage, a transistor with high gain characteristics is used as an amplification element to achieve amplification of the RF signal.

[0038] Furthermore, the driving amplifier stage is an intermediate stage in the amplifier circuit 2, and the driving amplifier is used to further amplify the signal output by the gain amplifier stage and provide sufficient driving power for it. In the driving amplifier stage, transistors with large output power and high stability are usually used as amplifying elements to ensure stable transmission and amplification of the signal.

[0039] Further, the final amplifier stage is the last amplification stage in the amplifier circuit 2. In the final amplifier stage, a transistor or a power amplifier with high power output capability is used as an amplification element to further amplify the signal output by the driving amplifier stage to the radio frequency input value required by the accelerator.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, the accelerating chamber 31 can be in an elliptical, cylindrical, circular or other shape, which is not limited in the present application. The accelerating tube 3 can be made of copper, ceramic or the like, which is not limited in the present application.

[0041] The electron accelerator of the embodiment of the present application connects the transistor microwave source 1 to the acceleration cavity 31 through the amplifier circuit 2. The transistor microwave source 1 can generate low-power radio frequency power of the order of hundreds of watts. After the radio frequency power is input to the amplifier circuit 2, it is amplified step by step by the amplifier circuit 2. After the radio frequency power is amplified to the radio frequency input value required by the accelerator, it is input to the acceleration cavity 31, and the acceleration cavity 31 accelerates the electrons. Due to the small size of the transistor microwave source 1, the complex power transmission system and the huge high-voltage pulse modulator in the related technology can be omitted, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the accelerator.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some possible embodiments of the present application, the electron accelerator further includes a coupling ring 4 , which is connected to the output end 22 and to the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity 31 to couple the amplification circuit 2 and the acceleration cavity 31 .

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, the coupling ring 4 is generally an annular metal structure, and the coupling ring 4 can transmit the RF power amplified by the amplifier circuit 2 to the accelerating cavity 31. After the RF power reaches the vicinity of the accelerating cavity 31, the RF power is coupled to the accelerating cavity 31 through the coupling ring 4, while maintaining the phase and amplitude stability of the RF power. When the RF power is coupled to the accelerating cavity 31, the RF power will form an accelerating electric field in the accelerating cavity 31. This accelerating electric field interacts with the electron beam to accelerate the electron beam.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, the coupling ring 4 is usually excited in the area with strong magnetic field in the working mode of the acceleration cavity 31. It can also be understood that the coupling ring 4 can be set on the cavity wall of the acceleration cavity 31 where the magnetic field is strong in the working mode. In this way, the coupling efficiency of the RF wave power and the acceleration effect of the acceleration cavity 31 can be optimized.

[0045] The coupling ring 4 is connected to the cavity wall of the accelerating cavity 31. The coupling ring 4 can be plugged into the accelerating cavity 31 through a SubMiniature Version A.SMA connector. The type of the SMA connector can be adjusted according to the parameters of the electron accelerator. The coupling ring 4 can also be connected to the accelerating cavity 31 through other connectors.

[0046] In the related art, the accelerating tube 3 requires megawatt-level power input, and usually uses a complex waveguide system to complete power transmission. However, the single cavity excitation and coupling of the accelerating cavity 31 with a hundred-watt level implemented by the transistor microwave source 1 can be excited using an electric probe and a coupling ring 4, thereby simplifying the overall structural complexity.

[0047] The electric probe can usually be excited in the area with strong electric field of the main mode in the accelerating cavity 31. When the electric probe is parallel to the electric field direction of the main mode, the main mode can be excited. Since electron accelerators usually use the transverse magnetic mode (TM), the strong electric field area is the inner wall of the beam transmission pipeline, and the electric probe cannot be used to excite the acceleration mode in the beam transmission pipeline.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 In some possible embodiments of the present application, the cavity wall of the accelerating cavity 31 includes a coupling opening 311, and the coupling ring 4 is connected to the accelerating cavity 31 through the coupling opening 311; the coupling ring 4 includes a conductor portion 41 and a coupling portion 42; at least part of the conductor portion 41 is located outside the accelerating cavity 31 and is used to connect to the output end 22; the coupling portion 42 is located inside the accelerating cavity 31.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present application, the coupling opening 311 is disposed on the wall of the acceleration chamber 31 , and the shape and size of the coupling opening 311 are adjusted according to the shape and size of the coupling ring 4 .

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, at least part of the conductor portion 41 is located outside the accelerating chamber 31, and the conductor portion 41 located outside the accelerating chamber 31 is connected to the output end 22 of the amplifying circuit 2. The conductor portion 41 can be made of a highly conductive material, such as copper, alloy, etc., so that the radio frequency power can be stably transmitted to the accelerating chamber 31.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, the conductor portion 41 includes a first conductor 411 and a second conductor 412. The coupling portion 42 is formed by bending the first conductor 411. The coupling portion 42 is ring-shaped. The coupling portion 42 and the second conductor 412 are connected. The coupling portion 42 is located in the acceleration chamber 31 and is used to excite the acceleration chamber 31 to generate a magnetic field and an electric field in the acceleration chamber 31.

[0052] In the electron accelerator of the embodiment of the present application, the conductor part 41 transmits the RF power output by the amplifier circuit 2 to the coupling ring 4. The coupling ring 4 is located in the accelerating cavity 31 and can feed energy into the accelerating cavity 31. The ring-shaped coupling part 42 can be regarded as a magnetic dipole under the action of the magnetic field to excite the accelerating cavity 31 to stimulate the electromagnetic field in the accelerating cavity 31.

[0053] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the electron accelerator includes at least a first operating mode to generate a magnetic field along a first direction, and the extension direction of the coupling portion 42 remains perpendicular to the first direction.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present application, the accelerator usually adopts the transverse magnetic mode (TM), and the TM mode is a common working mode used in the microwave acceleration cavity 31. The TM mode has a variety of different transmission modes. In the embodiment provided in the present application, the TM01 mode can be used. In the first working mode, the TM01 mode, the coupling ring 4 excites a strong magnetic field in the area near the coupling ring 4 in the acceleration cavity 31, and there is a strong electric field where the beam is located. The electric field component is mainly distributed in the cross section of the acceleration cavity 31, while the magnetic field component is mainly along the axial direction of the acceleration cavity 31, that is, the direction of the magnetic field and the electric field is perpendicular. Due to this distribution characteristic of the electric field and the magnetic field, the TM mode has a specific frequency response and energy distribution in the microwave acceleration cavity 31 (that is, the acceleration cavity 31).

[0055] Specifically, the first direction is the direction of the magnetic field generated by the coupling ring 4 in the accelerating cavity 31. The extending direction of the coupling ring 4 is perpendicular to the first direction, that is, perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field in the accelerating cavity 31. In this way, when the magnetic field in the accelerating cavity 31 passes through the coupling ring 4, the accelerating cavity 31 can be excited.

[0056] The electron accelerator of the embodiment of the present application helps reduce energy leakage and loss because the extension direction of the coupling portion 42 is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction in the acceleration chamber 31, thereby improving the utilization rate of the magnetic field energy, achieving efficient electromagnetic coupling, further improving the coupling efficiency, and improving the stability and reliability of the electron accelerator.

[0057] Reference Figure 3 In some possible embodiments of the present application, the conductor portion 41 is movably connected to the coupling opening 311 , and the conductor portion 41 moves relative to the coupling opening 311 to change the distance between the end surface 43 of the conductor portion 41 and the coupling opening 311 .

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 can be understood as the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 extending outside the acceleration cavity 31 or the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 located inside the acceleration cavity 31. For example, when the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 is the end face 43 of the conductor portion 41 extending outside the acceleration cavity 31, the larger the distance between the end face 43 and the coupling opening 311, the longer the portion of the conductor portion 41 located outside the acceleration cavity 31 in the direction from the end face 43 to the coupling opening 311, and at this time, the smaller the depth of the coupling ring 4 inserted into the acceleration cavity 31.

[0059] It can be understood that the greater the distance between the end face 43 of the conductor part 41 and the coupling opening 311, the smaller the depth of the coupling ring 4 inserted into the acceleration cavity 31; the smaller the distance between the end face 43 of the conductor part 41 and the coupling opening 311, the greater the depth of the coupling ring 4 inserted into the acceleration cavity 31.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the accelerating cavity 31 can be equivalent to an RLC parallel resonant circuit, where R refers to the equivalent resistance of the accelerating cavity 31, L refers to the equivalent inductance of the accelerating cavity 31, and C refers to the equivalent capacitance of the accelerating cavity 31. At this time, the coupling ring 4 can be regarded as an ideal transformer, and its transformation ratio is fixed at 1 to n (1:n).

[0061] The electron accelerator of the embodiment of the present application can flexibly adjust the coupling degree by adjusting the insertion depth of the coupling ring 4 in the accelerating cavity 31 until a critical coupling state is reached, in which the RF road and the beam are basically completely matched. In this state, the accelerating cavity 31 will exhibit a non-reflective characteristic, which means that the RF power will not return to the amplifier circuit 2 through the coupling ring 4, thereby reducing the impact on the electric field and operation of the amplifier circuit 2 and the accelerating cavity 31, and achieving the best matching working state between the electric field and the beam.

[0062] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some possible embodiments of the present application, there are multiple accelerating cavities 31, and each accelerating cavity 31 is independently configured with an amplifying circuit 2 and a transistor microwave source 1.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present application, the number of accelerating cavities 31 can be adjusted according to the power of the electron accelerator. Multiple accelerating cavities 31 are connected in series, and beams are allowed to pass between the multiple accelerating cavities 31. The beam generated by the electron gun is accelerated in turn by the radio frequency field generated by the accelerating cavity 31, and finally passes through the accelerating tube 3.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, each accelerating cavity 31 is independently configured with an amplifying circuit 2 and a transistor microwave source 1, so that each accelerating cavity 31 can be independently powered, so that each accelerating cavity 31 can obtain the same RF power, and the energy of each accelerating cavity 31 can be kept consistent. In the related art, the accelerating tube 3 is connected to only one RF feed structure as a whole. As the RF power is transmitted between multiple accelerating cavities 31, a certain amount of energy attenuation will occur, affecting the stability of beam acceleration. Compared with the related art, the present application will continue to receive the same acceleration when the beam passes through the accelerating cavity 31 in sequence, thereby improving the stability of the electron accelerator.

[0065] The electron accelerator of the embodiment of the present application provides independent power supply for each accelerating cavity 31, which can optimize the size of the electron accelerator and reduce the influence of the inter-cavity coupling effect. Specifically, the electromagnetic field interaction between adjacent cavities will lead to unstable energy transmission, affecting the acceleration effect. Independent power supply for each accelerating cavity 31 will make the working state of each accelerating cavity 31 more independent, reduce the electromagnetic interference between the accelerating cavities 31, and enable the electron beam to maintain a stable acceleration trajectory when passing through multiple cavities, thereby improving the overall performance and efficiency of the accelerator.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, since the electric field fluctuation in the accelerator cavity follows the law of the sine function, the electric field in the accelerating cavity 31 will have periodic changes in the positive direction (i.e., the direction of the preset beam transmission) and the reverse direction (i.e., the reverse direction of the preset beam transmission). Therefore, in the related art, it is necessary to change the structure of the accelerating cavity 31 so that when the beam passes through each accelerating cavity 31, the direction of the electric field in the accelerating cavity 31 is always positive, so that the accelerating cavity 31 can continuously accelerate the beam.

[0067] Reference Figure 4 In some possible embodiments of the present application, the electron accelerator further includes a control system 5 , which is electrically connected to the coupling ring 4 via the amplifying circuit 2 and is used to control the working modes of the plurality of coupling rings 4 .

[0068] In the electron accelerator of the embodiment of the present application, since each accelerating cavity 31 is individually connected to an amplifier circuit 2 and a transistor microwave source 1, the control system 5 is connected to all the amplifier circuits 2 connected to the accelerating cavity 31. The control system 5 changes the movement period of the alternating current so that the period of the alternating current transmitted to each coupling ring 4 is consistent, thereby controlling the RF input period of the amplifier circuit 2 and adjusting the movement periods between different RF inputs to be consistent, so that the electric field directions in all accelerating cavities 31 can be uniformly in the positive direction, so that there is no need to adjust the structure of the cavity, and the beam can be accelerated in the synchronous phase in the accelerating cavity 31.

[0069] In the embodiment of the present application, the control system 5 may include devices such as a controller and a processor, which is not limited in the present application. The controller may be a programmable logic controller, a microprocessor or a single-chip microcomputer.

[0070] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 In some possible embodiments of the present application, the accelerating tube 3 includes a beam hole 32 , and the beam hole 32 is used to transmit electrons; the coupling ring 4 and the beam hole 32 are arranged on different cavity walls of the accelerating cavity 31 .

[0071] In the embodiment of the present application, electrons are guided into the accelerating tube 3 through the beam hole 32, and are accelerated by the electric field in the accelerating cavity 31. For example, the accelerating cavity 31 is a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of accelerating cavities 31 are connected along the axial direction. The beam holes 32 are arranged at both ends of the cylindrical structure in the axial direction, and are used for electrons to enter the accelerating cavity 31 and then pass out of the accelerating cavity 31. In this way, the coupling ring 4 can be arranged on the cavity wall on the circumferential side of the cylindrical structure.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, the area of ​​the beam hole 32 is the area with the strongest electric field in the accelerating cavity 31. Setting the coupling ring 4 and the beam hole 32 on different cavity walls of the accelerating cavity 31 can reduce the interference of the magnetic field and electric field between the coupling ring 4 and the beam hole 32, which helps to improve the overall performance of the electron accelerator.

[0073] Since each accelerating cavity 31 is individually connected to the amplifying circuit 2 and the transistor microwave source 1, each accelerating cavity 31 has an independent RF power input and generates an independent magnetic field and electric field. In order to reduce the mutual influence of the magnetic field, electric field, etc. between adjacent accelerating cavities 31, in some possible embodiments of the present application, the diameter of the beam hole 32 is less than or equal to 1 cm and greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0074] Compared with the related art, the diameter of the beam hole 32 is reduced to between 1 cm and 2 mm in the embodiment provided by the present application. The reduction of the beam hole 32 can reduce the leakage of the electric field, magnetic field, etc. from the beam hole 32 into other accelerating cavities 31, thereby reducing the mutual influence between adjacent accelerating cavities 31. Specifically, the size of the beam hole 32 is related to the operating frequency of the electron accelerator, and can be adjusted for electron accelerators of different frequencies.

[0075] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the amplifier circuit 2 includes at least one of the following devices: a power detection device for detecting the power of the amplifier circuit 2; a temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the amplifier circuit 2; an excitation protection device for disconnecting the connection between the amplifier circuit 2 and the coupling loop 4 when the amplifier circuit 2 is in an abnormal state.

[0076] In the embodiment of the present application, the power detection device is used to detect the power of the amplifier circuit 2, and the amplifier circuit 2 is operated within the normal working range by real-time monitoring the power output of the amplifier circuit 2. By detecting the power, damage or performance degradation of the amplifier circuit 2 caused by overload can be discovered and prevented in time.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present application, the temperature detection device is used to detect the temperature of the amplifier circuit 2. By monitoring the temperature of the amplifier circuit 2 in real time, potential heat dissipation problems can be discovered in a timely manner, and corresponding heat dissipation measures can be taken to reduce damage to the amplifier circuit 2 due to overheating, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the amplifier circuit 2.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present application, the excitation protection device is used to disconnect the connection between the amplifier circuit 2 and the coupling ring 4 when the amplifier circuit 2 is in an abnormal state, thereby protecting the amplifier circuit 2 and the coupling ring 4 from further damage, thereby improving the safety of the entire system and reducing the risks of fire, electric shock, etc. caused by circuit failure.

[0079] The serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electron accelerator, characterized in that: include: transistor microwave source for generating radio frequency power; an amplifier circuit, comprising an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is connected to the transistor microwave source, and the amplifier circuit is used to amplify the radio frequency power generated by the transistor microwave source to a preset power; The accelerating tube comprises an accelerating chamber, wherein the output end is connected to the accelerating chamber to transmit the preset power to the accelerating chamber.

2. The electron accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a coupling ring, which is connected to the output end and to the cavity wall of the accelerating cavity to couple the amplifying circuit and the accelerating cavity.

3. The electron accelerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cavity wall of the accelerating cavity comprises a coupling opening, and the coupling ring passes through the coupling opening to be connected to the accelerating cavity; the coupling ring comprises a conductor portion and a coupling portion; at least part of the conductor portion is located outside the accelerating cavity and is used to be connected to the output end; the coupling portion is located inside the accelerating cavity.

4. The electron accelerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electron accelerator includes at least a first operating mode to generate a magnetic field along a first direction, and the extending direction of the coupling portion remains perpendicular to the first direction.

5. The electron accelerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The conductor part is movably connected to the coupling opening, and the conductor part moves relative to the coupling opening to change the distance between the end surface of the conductor part and the coupling opening.

6. The electron accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple accelerating cavities, and each accelerating cavity is independently configured with the amplifying circuit and the transistor microwave source.

7. The electron accelerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the coupling ring through the amplifying circuit and is used to control the working mode of the plurality of coupling rings.

8. The electron accelerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The accelerating tube comprises a beam hole, and the beam hole is used to transmit the electrons; the coupling ring and the beam hole are arranged on different cavity walls of the accelerating cavity.

9. The electron accelerator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The diameter of the beam hole is less than or equal to 1 cm and greater than or equal to 2 mm.

10. The electron accelerator according to any one of claims 2 to 5 or 7 to 8, characterized in that: The amplifier circuit includes at least one of the following devices: A power detection device, used to detect the power of the amplifying circuit; A temperature detection device, used to detect the temperature of the amplifying circuit; The excitation protection device is used to disconnect the connection between the amplifying circuit and the coupling loop when the amplifying circuit is in an abnormal state.

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