Pure morchella culture method

Abstract

The invention provides a morchella pure bacteria type culture method which comprises the following steps: preparing organic matter soil, and putting the organic matter soil into a plastic tray; the organic soil is put into a high-temperature sterilization cabinet to be sterilized so as to prevent infectious microbe growth, and pure bacterium type culture is carried out; and carrying out shelf fungus cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: putting soil containing organic matters into a plastic tray, carrying out pure bacterial culture, controlling the bacterial culture temperature to be 10-18 DEG C, and putting a nutrition bag after inoculating for one week; in the shelf large-temperature-difference fruiting stage, the fungus cultivation temperature is controlled to be 6-15 DEG C; meanwhile, a coil pipe type fresh air system is adopted for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment and oxygen supply; in addition, light adjustment in the greenhouse is controlled by adopting roof natural light adjustable transparent illumination and an LED light supplementing illumination technology, and different illumination intensities are kept in different growth periods of the morchella esculenta. Through the steps, the healthy and rapid growth of the morchella can be effectively ensured, and the yield is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Morchella cultivation, and more specifically, particularly relates to a pure bacteria culture method for Morchella. Background Art

[0002] Morels are rare edible and medicinal fungi belonging to the Ascomycota, Peziaceae, Peziales, and Morchellaceae. They are rich in nutrients and have unique flavor. They have many functions such as enhancing immunity, anti-fatigue, anti-virus, anti-tumor, and strengthening the spleen and stomach. They have important research and development value in food, medicine, and health care.

[0003] When planting morels, the five characteristics of cool, moist, slightly, bright and rotten must be met. Cool, morels like cool, afraid of heat and freezing, the ground temperature during sowing and spawning is below 18℃, the best is 8-16℃, the temperature during mushroom accelerator and primordium stage, needle tip stage, mulberry stage, 6-16℃, the best is 8-14℃, young mushroom stage, adult mushroom stage 10-20℃, the highest should not exceed 23℃. Moist refers to humidity. During the entire spawning period of morels, the soil should always be moist and not white, and no mushrooms will grow after the bed surface dries up. During the primordium stage, needle tip stage, the soil is wet like mud, the air is humid and there is dew, the mulberry stage, and young mushroom stage gradually reduce the humidity of the soil and space, increase ventilation and air permeability, and reach a moist state. Micro refers to ventilation and oxygen. Morchella is the most aerobic fungus. Lack of oxygen will result in poor growth, poor immunity, easy growth of white mold, and death of small mushrooms, and low mushroom success rate. However, it is afraid of strong winds, and gentle breezes are what Morchella desires most. Bright refers to light intensity. Morchella needs light for both fruiting and growth. If light stimulation and accumulation are not achieved, no mushrooms will be produced. After fruiting, lack of light will cause death of mushrooms, but Morchella is afraid of direct sunlight and prefers a relatively bright environment. Rot refers to soil fertility. Morchella likes soil rich in humus. For sandy alkaline land and relatively poor soil, adding biological organic fertilizers will help increase yields, but without fermented and decomposed biomass, diseases and pests will increase.

[0004] The conventional cultivation method of existing morels is as follows: generally in autumn, the fungus seeds are started to be planted. First, the fungus seeds are spread in the greenhouse and covered with soil. After about a week, the ground turns white and nutrient bags are placed. After the nutrient bags turn white, the mushrooms need to be stimulated in the middle and late February of the Gregorian calendar. At this time, all the nutrients have been absorbed. One week after the beginning of spring on February 5 of the lunar calendar, the mushrooms are covered with a film to keep them moist. After another half a month, the morels will grow out.

[0005] Morels belong to the Ascomycetes, and their physiological changes are quite complex. Due to the degeneration of the fungus, the geographical environment, the climate and other conditions, the yield is easily unstable, resulting in limited areas for large-scale cultivation. This is especially difficult in areas where evaporation is less than rainfall and where there is a large temperature difference between day and night. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating pure fungi of Morchella edulis, which is achieved by the following specific technical means: A method for cultivating pure fungus of Morchella edulis comprises the following steps: (1) Prepare organic soil and place it in a plastic tray; (2) Place the organic soil in a high-temperature sterilizer for sterilization to prevent the growth of bacteria and to perform pure bacterial culture; (3) Cultivate bacteria on the shelves. The process is as follows: Shelf culture: the temperature is controlled at 10-18℃, the humidity is controlled at 65-85%, and the light is irradiated by a 10-watt LED lamp for 5-6 hours a day; after 40-50 days, the mycelium in the basket grows well and sclerotia appear, and water is sprayed to make the water saturation reach 100%; Mycelium stage: adjust the temperature between 6 and 16°C and change in a sinusoidal curve, control the humidity at 60-80%, the oxygen concentration at more than 20.5%, and the illumination at less than 100 lumens for 20 days; The fruiting temperature is controlled at 15-22℃, the humidity is controlled at 65-85%, the light is irradiated by 10W LED lamp for 8-10 hours a day, the oxygen content is controlled at 19-23%, and the carbon dioxide content is controlled at less than 0.3%; the fruiting cycle is 25-30 days; Low temperature stimulation stage: Compared with the mycelial stage, the temperature is adjusted to between 3 and 10°C and changes in a sinusoidal pattern for 5 to 7 days; Primordial stage: Compared with the hyphae stage, increase the light intensity and use 500 lumens of scattered light to stimulate primordium formation. When the hyphae turn yellow-brown and the cultivation bag becomes deflated, remove the cultivation bag and water until the soil is saturated with water. During the mulberry and young mushroom stages, gradually reduce the humidity of the soil and space, increase ventilation, and add air ducts on the shelves to bring in breeze.

[0007] Furthermore, the formula of the organic soil in step (1) is: 20% humus, 40% fine sand, 10% kudzu root residue (fermented and decomposed), 8% rice husk charcoal, 2% perlite, 10% wheat bran, 5% corn cobs, 4% rice husks, 0.5% lime, and 0.5% gypsum.

[0008] Furthermore, the sterilization conditions in step (2) are: the temperature is maintained at 110°C for about 6 hours, then taken out and cooled to 10-18°C before use.

[0009] Furthermore, different nutrient packs are placed on the tray during different growth stages of the morels to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the morels.

[0010] Furthermore, the formula of the nutrient pack is: 70% wheat, 10% humus, 5% kudzu residue, 5% rice husk charcoal, 5% rice husk, 4% cottonseed husk, 0.5% wood ash, and 0.5% gypsum. Before use, the nutrient pack needs to be sterilized in a steamer for 5 to 6 hours and used after cooling.

[0011] Furthermore, a coil-type fresh air system is used for temperature control, humidity control and oxygen supply, so as to maintain different temperatures and humidity during different growth stages of morels and control the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

[0012] Furthermore, the lighting in the greenhouse is controlled by adjustable transparent illumination of natural light from the roof and LED fill lighting technology.

[0013] Furthermore, a centralized control system for the greenhouse environment is used to detect the temperature, humidity and illumination in the greenhouse, as well as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide through various sensors, and automatically control them by the centralized control system.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention can effectively prevent the growth of miscellaneous bacteria by placing soil containing organic matter in a plastic tray, and then placing the tray in a sterilizing cabinet for sterilization, so as to carry out pure bacteria culture, and then place the tray on a shelf in a greenhouse for use; then inoculation is carried out, and after the inoculation, a shelf bacteria cultivation stage is performed, and the bacteria cultivation temperature is controlled to be 10-18 DEG C, and a nutrient bag is placed one week after the inoculation; in the shelf large temperature difference mushroom fruiting stage, the bacteria cultivation temperature is controlled to be 6-15 DEG C; at the same time, a coil-type fresh air system is adopted for temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment and oxygen supply, and different temperatures and humidity are maintained in different growth stages of morels, and the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide are controlled; in addition, the light adjustment in the greenhouse is controlled by the adjustable transparent irradiation of natural light on the roof and the LED supplementary lighting technology, and different light intensities are maintained in different growth stages of morels; finally, the temperature, humidity and illumination in the greenhouse, as well as the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide are detected by various sensors and automatically controlled by a centralized control system; through the above steps, the healthy and rapid growth of morels and the increase in output rate can be effectively guaranteed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Example

[0016] The present invention provides a method for cultivating pure bacteria of Morchella, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare organic soil and place it in a plastic tray; (2) Place the organic soil in a high-temperature sterilizer for sterilization to prevent the growth of bacteria and to perform pure bacterial culture; (3) Cultivate bacteria on the shelves. The process is as follows: Shelf culture: the temperature is controlled at 10-18℃, the humidity is controlled at 65-85%, and the light is irradiated by a 10-watt LED lamp for 5-6 hours a day; after 40-50 days, the mycelium in the basket grows well and sclerotia appear, and water is sprayed to make the water saturation reach 100%; Mycelium stage: adjust the temperature between 6 and 16°C and change in a sinusoidal curve, control the humidity at 60-80%, the oxygen concentration at more than 20.5%, and the illumination at less than 100 lumens for 20 days; The fruiting temperature is controlled at 15-22℃, the humidity is controlled at 65-85%, the light is irradiated by 10W LED lamp for 8-10 hours a day, the oxygen content is controlled at 19-23%, and the carbon dioxide content is controlled at less than 0.3%; the fruiting cycle is 25-30 days; Low temperature stimulation stage: Compared with the mycelial stage, the temperature is adjusted to between 3 and 10°C and changes in a sinusoidal pattern for 5 to 7 days; Primordial stage: Compared with the hyphae stage, increase the light intensity and use 500 lumens of scattered light to stimulate primordium formation. When the hyphae turn yellow-brown and the cultivation bag becomes deflated, remove the cultivation bag and water until the soil is saturated with water. During the mulberry and young mushroom stages, gradually reduce the humidity of the soil and space, increase ventilation, and add air ducts on the shelves to bring in breeze.

[0017] The formula of organic soil in step (1) is: 20% humus, 40% fine sand, 10% kudzu root residue, 8% rice husk charcoal, 2% perlite, 10% wheat bran, 5% corn cobs, 4% rice husk, 0.5% lime, and 0.5% gypsum. Humus and fermented kudzu root residue mainly provide organic matter and nutrients for morels, and rice husk charcoal and perlite mainly use their porous adsorption and slow release effects to improve soil structure, regulate and control soil moisture, fertilizer efficiency and fertility. Humus: Humus is a mixture of rotten plant matter, various organic wastes and soil, which is formed by the dead branches and leaves of trees in the topsoil layer of the forest after a long period of rot and fermentation. Pueraria residue: Pueraria residue is a waste product formed by extracting Pueraria powder from Pueraria root. Pueraria residue is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other essential nutrients for people, which can provide nutrients for plants and promote their growth. Pueraria residue itself is an organic substance, which can increase the organic matter content of soil, improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water retention. Pueraria residue fermentation and decomposition method: ① Dry the Pueraria residue thoroughly and crush it into smaller pieces; ② Mix the Pueraria residue with other organic substances (such as sawdust, straw, etc.); ③ Wet the mixed materials with water, cover them and let them ferment; ④ After about 1 to 2 months, the fermentation and decomposition of Pueraria residue can be completed. Rice husk charcoal: Rice husk charcoal is a natural material, derived from plant residues, and is made through high-temperature carbonization. When rice husks burn in the absence of sufficient oxygen, or when they are not completely burned, they are quickly cooled and stopped burning, or they are dehydrated and carbonized at high temperatures, carbonized rice husks can be obtained. After the rice husks are carbonized by a carbonizer at high temperature, they form a porous loose structure, which can be used to maintain ground temperature, loosen the soil, adjust the pH value of the soil, retain water and fertilizer, and absorb harmful substances such as heavy metals in the soil. Perlite: It is lava produced after a volcanic eruption. After the transition from high temperature to low temperature, it is a rock with a glassy surface. The structure of this rock is like a pearl fissure structure. Perlite has a strong water absorption capacity, which can reach two to three times its own. In addition, perlite can improve soil compaction, effectively prevent crops from lodging, and control fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer degree.

[0018] The sterilization conditions in step (2) are as follows: the temperature is maintained at 110°C for about 6 hours, then taken out and cooled to 10-18°C before use.

[0019] Among them, different nutrient bags are placed on the tray during different growth stages of the morels to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the morels.

[0020] The formula of the nutrient pack is: 70% wheat, 10% humus, 5% kudzu root residue, 5% rice husk charcoal, 5% rice husk, 4% cottonseed husk, 0.5% plant ash, 0.5% gypsum. Before use, the nutrient pack needs to be steamed in a steamer for 5 to 6 hours for sterilization and used after cooling. Wheat, kudzu root residue, cottonseed husk, rice husk, plant ash, etc. contain various nutrients and rich trace elements (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium, manganese, germanium, iron and more than ten kinds of minerals and trace elements) needed for the growth of morels; rice husk charcoal mainly uses its porous adsorption and slow release effect to regulate and control the humidity, fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer degree in the nutrient pack.

[0021] Among them, a coil-type fresh air system is used for temperature control, humidity control and oxygen supply, maintaining different temperatures and humidity during different growth periods of morels, and controlling the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

[0022] The temperature for growing mushrooms is 10-20℃, the temperature for stimulating mushrooms is 6-10℃, the temperature for primordium generation is 8-12℃, and the temperature for mushroom bud growth is 15-20℃. Morchella is a low-temperature fungus. The underground mycelium begins to grow in early spring from January to February, and the fruiting period is from March to April. At 10-25℃, the daily growth rate of mycelium increases with the increase of temperature, and the daily growth rate of mycelium decreases sharply when the temperature is higher than 28℃. Although the daily growth rate of mycelium is the fastest at 25℃, the mycelium layer is thin and easy to age; at around 20°C, the mycelium grows faster and is thicker, so the optimal growth temperature for Morchella mycelium is 17-20C. When the surface temperature is between 12 and 20°C and the temperature of the 0-10 cm soil layer is between 8 and 18°C, it is conducive to the formation of fruiting bodies. The fruiting body period is from mid-April to mid-May. The average daily temperature during this period is 12°C and the temperature difference between day and night is 10 to 15°C. This large temperature difference between day and night has a good effect on the formation of fruiting bodies.

[0023] The lighting in the greenhouse is controlled by adjustable transparent illumination of natural light from the roof and LED supplementary lighting technology, so that different light intensities can be maintained during different growth periods of morels.

[0024] The method of transparent irradiation with adjustable natural light on the roof: multiple transparent windows are set on the top of the greenhouse, which can be opened and closed. There are many ways to open and close them, such as using light-blocking panels or blackout curtains. They are electrically driven and can be automatically controlled according to program settings. When natural light is insufficient, LEDs are used to supplement the light to meet the light needs of morels at different growth stages.

[0025] Among them, a centralized control system for the greenhouse environment is adopted. The temperature, humidity, illumination, and concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the greenhouse are detected through various sensors and automatically controlled by the centralized control system.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating pure bacteria of Morchella edulis, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Prepare organic soil and place it in a plastic tray; (2) Place the organic soil in a high-temperature sterilizer for sterilization to prevent the growth of bacteria and to perform pure bacterial culture; (3) Cultivate bacteria on the shelves. The process is as follows: Shelf culture: the temperature is controlled at 10-18℃, the humidity is controlled at 65-85%, and the light is irradiated by a 10-watt LED lamp for 5-6 hours a day; after 40-50 days, the mycelium in the basket grows well and sclerotia appear, and water is sprayed to make the water saturation reach 100%; Mycelium stage: adjust the temperature between 6 and 16°C and change in a sinusoidal curve, control the humidity at 60-80%, the oxygen concentration at more than 20.5%, and the illumination at less than 100 lumens for 20 days; The fruiting temperature is controlled at 15-22℃, the humidity is controlled at 65-85%, the light is irradiated by 10W LED lamp for 8-10 hours a day, the oxygen content is controlled at 19-23%, and the carbon dioxide content is controlled at less than 0.3%; the fruiting cycle is 25-30 days; Low temperature stimulation stage: Compared with the mycelial stage, the temperature is adjusted to between 3 and 10°C and changes in a sinusoidal pattern for 5 to 7 days; Primordial stage: Compared with the hyphae stage, increase the light intensity and use 500 lumens of scattered light to stimulate primordium formation. When the hyphae turn yellow-brown and the cultivation bag becomes deflated, remove the cultivation bag and water until the soil is saturated with water. During the mulberry and young mushroom stages, gradually reduce the humidity of the soil and space, increase ventilation, and add air ducts on the shelves to bring in breeze.

2. The method for cultivating pure Morchella edulis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula of the organic soil in step (1) is: 20% humus, 40% fine sand, 10% kudzu root residue, 8% rice husk charcoal, 2% perlite, 10% wheat bran, 5% corn cobs, 4% rice husks, 0.5% lime and 0.5% gypsum.

3. The method for cultivating pure bacteria of Morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sterilization conditions in step (2) are: the temperature is maintained at 110°C for about 6 hours, then taken out and cooled to 10-18°C before use.

4. The method for cultivating pure bacteria of Morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: Place different nutrient packs on the tray during different growth stages of morels to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of morels.

5. The method for cultivating pure Morchella edulis according to claim 4, characterized in that: The formula of the nutrient pack is: 70% wheat, 10% humus, 5% kudzu residue, 5% rice husk charcoal, 5% rice husk, 4% cottonseed husk, 0.5% wood ash, and 0.5% gypsum. Before use, the nutrient pack needs to be sterilized in a steamer for 5 to 6 hours and used after cooling.

6. The method for cultivating pure Morchella edulis according to claim 1, characterized in that: A coil-type fresh air system is used for temperature control, humidity control and oxygen supply, maintaining different temperatures and humidity during different growth periods of morels and controlling the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

7. The method for cultivating pure Morchella edulis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lighting in the greenhouse is controlled by adjustable transparent illumination of natural light from the roof and LED fill light technology.

8. The method for cultivating pure Morchella edulis according to claim 1, characterized in that: A centralized greenhouse environment control system is used to detect the temperature, humidity, illumination, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the greenhouse through various sensors and automatically control them by the centralized control system.