A comprehensive prevention and control method for polyphylla pratae soil-borne diseases

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of prevention and treatment methods of polyphylla prattii soil-borne disease, including planting base selection and soil disinfection, seedling (seed stem) selection and disinfection, soil preparation and seedling transplanting, fertilization, agricultural and physical and chemical prevention and treatment comprehensive prevention and control etc.Five aspects.The application establishes a set of agricultural prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment, biological prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and treatment combined comprehensive prevention and control method of polyphylla prattii soil-borne disease for the problem that polyphylla prattii soil-borne disease is seriously harmful and difficult to prevent and control, can effectively solve the problem that polyphylla prattii soil-borne disease is difficult to prevent and control, solve the problem of drug residue exceeding standard and pollution caused by single chemical prevention and treatment, and guarantee the sustainable development of polyphylla prattii industry and solve the problem of drug safety.Meanwhile, the biological bacterial fertilizer used in the application can effectively delay the development of polyphylla prattii soil-borne disease and reduce its harm, improve the growth of polyphylla prattii rhizome, the compound preparation used in the application has the functions of disease prevention and growth promotion, the effective component content of obtained medicinal material is consistent, stable and reliable, and has good popularization prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of plant protection, and particularly relates to a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. BACKGROUND

[0002] Soil-borne diseases such as leaf wilting, stem rot and root rot seriously threaten the production of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. There are three technical difficulties in the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. First, soil-borne diseases are usually highly concealed and difficult to be discovered in time. Once occurred, they spread very fast, cause great damage and are difficult to control. Second, the pathogenic bacteria can survive in the form of conidia, chlamydospores, soil, plant residues, dead branches and leaves, and it is difficult to completely eliminate the pathogen by single chemical control. Third, long-term use of chemical agents for prevention and control will lead to drug resistance of the pathogen, making the control effect gradually weaken or even ineffective, and easily causing environmental pollution and safety problems of medicinal materials.

[0003] The present application establishes a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, which combines agricultural control, physical control, biological control and chemical control. It can effectively delay the development of soil-borne diseases and reduce their impact on the production of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, effectively solve a series of problems such as rising resistance, environmental pollution and safety of medicinal materials caused by single chemical control, and ensure the sustainable development of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua industry and solve the problem of drug safety. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, in order to solve the problems such as difficult prevention and control of such diseases, rising resistance, environmental pollution and safety of medicinal materials caused by single chemical control.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: selection of planting base and soil disinfection;

[0008] Selecting an environment excellent broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest or mixed forest with no pollution of atmosphere, water quality and soil, and with an altitude of more than 400m and a canopy density of 40-60%, the soil is disinfected before transplanting, and biological bacterial fertilizer is applied after soil disinfection, and the soil is used for planting Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seedlings or stems 15-20 days later;

[0009] S2: selection and disinfection of seedlings or stems;

[0010] S2-1: selecting healthy and disease-free, undamaged, and more than 5cm tall Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seedlings, or selecting healthy and disease-free, robust, full of bud, whole root, and uniform Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizomes;

[0011] S2-2: the seedlings of Polygonatum cyrtonema are soaked with the disinfectant, taken out and naturally dried, then disinfected with wood ash and used; or the rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema are cut into segments, soaked in the disinfectant, taken out and naturally dried, then disinfected with wood ash and used;

[0012] S3: land preparation and seedling transplanting;

[0013] The disinfected planting base is made into high ridges by high-ridge cultivation, and the disinfected seedlings or stems are planted in the high ridges in a hole planting manner, and humus soil is covered, wherein the seedlings are planted in the middle and late March, 2000-2500 plants per mu, the stems are planted in late autumn, 1500-2000 plants per mu; and peach trees and plum fruit trees are interplanted, 1000-1500 plants per mu;

[0014] S4: fertilization;

[0015] Fertilization is performed according to the phenophase and plant growth;

[0016] S5: agricultural, physical and chemical control;

[0017] Before planting and after the upper part of the plant withers in autumn, the field is cleaned, and the dry branches, leaves, weeds and pruned upper parts of the plants are collected and burned, and the wood ash is applied to the field;

[0018] When the disease incidence is less than 10%, the diseased plants are removed and burned, and the diseased holes are disinfected with wood ash or lime;

[0019] When the disease incidence is more than 10%, the diseased plants are treated by root irrigation with a compound preparation.

[0020] Further, in step S1, the soil is disinfected by stirring the soil with the disinfectant dymron and then applying and stirring again, the dymron is applied at 15-20 kg per mu, the water is sprayed uniformly by a sprayer, and then the soil is covered with a film, and the film is removed after 20-25 days.

[0021] Further, the biological bacterial fertilizer in step S1 is obtained by mixing a compost product, an inorganic fertilizer and Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder at a weight ratio of 4:1:2, and the water content of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 15%-20%.

[0022] The preparation steps of the compost product are as follows:

[0023] 15 kg of crushed waste mushroom sticks after cultivation of edible fungi, black fungus or ganoderma is taken, 25-30% of sucrose, 5-10% of bran, 70-80% of corn powder and 15-20% of ammonium bicarbonate are added, the mixture is stirred uniformly, high-temperature sterilized and used as a solid fermentation medium; the Trichoderma harzianum is inoculated into the solid fermentation medium, and the inoculation amount is 3~5×104 Spores / g, covered with white plastic film tightly for 15-20 days to obtain Trichoderma harzianum mother strain; fermentation conditions: pH 7-8, culture temperature 25-28℃, humidity 50-65%;

[0024] Another take cultivation of edible fungi or black fungus or ganoderma lucidum crushed waste and superphosphate of calcium mixed with stirring evenly to get the mixture; the fermentation of Trichoderma harzianum mother strain and mixed material according to the weight ratio 1: (150-200) mixed with stirring evenly, sealed with plastic film, composting fermentation for 20-30 days, compost product is prepared.

[0025] The above inorganic fertilizer includes 30 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate.

[0026] The preparation steps of the above Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder are as follows:

[0027] 25g / L sucrose, 6g / L ammonium sulfate, 60g / L bran, 3g / L trisodium citrate, 0.5g / L K2HPO4 . 3H2O 、0.5g / L MgSO4 . 7H2O 、0.05g / L FeSO4 . 7H2O into the fermentation tank stirring 20-30 minutes, after the temperature drops to 28℃ or lower, the Bacillus aryabhattai strain activated for 36h is added, and the culture is aerated, when the content of Bacillus aryabhattai in the fermentation broth reaches 1×10 9 cfu / mL~1×10 10 cfu / mL, dry fermentation broth to obtain Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder.

[0028] Further, the disinfectant solution in step S2 is 6.25% brilliant 3000-5000 times dilution or 25% carbendazim 400-600 times dilution, and the soaking time of the disinfectant solution is 30-50 minutes.

[0029] Further, the high ridge in step S3 has a ridge width of 100-120cm, a ditch width of 30-50cm, and a ditch depth of 25-40cm; planting holes are arranged on the ridge, and 0.2-0.3kg of base fertilizer per plant is applied in the planting holes before planting, the base fertilizer is composed of biological bacterial fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the ratio of N:P:K in the inorganic fertilizer is 10:12:23, and the amount of inorganic fertilizer is 10%-15% of the total weight of base fertilizer.

[0030] Further, the fertilization mode in step S4 is: applying basal fertilizer twice a year, the first time is in early June, applying high potassium compound fertilizer 0.1kg-0.2kg in each root control device, the ratio of N, P and K in the high potassium compound fertilizer is 6:6:28, the second time is in late autumn and early winter, after the above part of the Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is laid down, applying biological bacteria fertilizer 0.3kg-0.5 kg / plant.

[0031] Further, the compound preparation in step S5 is mixed by 45% prochloraz 1000-1500 times dilution, 25% carbendazim 500-800 times dilution, 3% gibberellic acid 1500-2000 times dilution and 5% indole butyric acid naphthalene acetic acid 3000-4000 times dilution at a ratio of 4:3:2:1, the root irrigation mode is that 100mL is applied to each plant of the diseased plant, and half is applied to each plant of the non-diseased plant, and the treatment is continuously carried out for 3 times with an interval of 3-5 days.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0033] The present application establishes a comprehensive prevention and control method for the soil-borne disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, which combines agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, aiming at the problem that the soil-borne disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is seriously harmful and difficult to prevent and control:

[0034] (1) Agricultural prevention and control measures: first, investigate the occurrence of the soil-borne disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and establish a prediction and forecasting mechanism for the soil-borne disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua to provide a basis for disease prevention; accurate prediction of the disease is crucial for timely and effective prevention and control of the disease; second, weed 3-5 times a year, after the upper part of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is laid down in winter, remove weeds, dead branches and leaves, and burn them and return them to the field, reduce the source of infection, and increase soil fertility; third, interplant with non-Asparagaceae economic crops such as peach and plum, and the root exudates of peach and plum can effectively inhibit the soil-borne pathogen of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua;

[0035] (2) Physical prevention and control measures: when the disease rate is less than 10%, the diseased plants can be removed and burned to prevent the spread of the disease and the outbreak of the disease:

[0036] (3) Biological control measures: apply biological bacteria fertilizer as basal fertilizer before planting, and apply biological bacteria fertilizer after the upper part of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is laid down in autumn, which can effectively inhibit the pathogenic bacteria, promote the growth of plant roots and rhizomes, and enhance the disease resistance, thereby reducing the amount of chemical agents.

[0037] (4) Chemical control measures: when the disease rate is greater than or equal to 10%, a compound preparation is used for root irrigation treatment, which can effectively control the outbreak of the disease and promote the growth of plant roots and rhizomes and enhance the disease resistance.

[0038] This comprehensive control method effectively solves the problem of controlling soil-borne diseases in Polygonatum cyrtonema, addresses issues such as excessive pesticide residues and pollution caused by single chemical control, ensures the sustainable development of the Polygonatum cyrtonema industry, and resolves pesticide safety concerns. Simultaneously, the bio-fertilizer used in this invention effectively slows the development of soil-borne diseases in Polygonatum cyrtonema and reduces their damage, while increasing the growth of its rhizomes. The compound formulation used in this invention has both disease prevention and growth-promoting effects, resulting in medicinal materials with consistent, stable, and reliable effective component content, demonstrating good prospects for widespread application. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the technical solution of this invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but this invention is not limited thereto.

[0040] The Trichoderma harzianum in the following examples is numbered Y1_DR2_B_Th1 (source: [Hu Yanping, Identification of fungal pathogens and screening of fungicides for Polygonatum cyrtonema in Nanping, Fujian [D]. 2023, Fuzhou, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University]) and Bacillus argentis is numbered FJAT-hcl-8 (source: [Zhou Xianzhi, Gao Hui, Li Min, Tang Jianyang, Chen Yang. Study on the diversity of culturable endophytic bacteria in Paris polyphylla plants based on 16S rRNA sequence [J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2017, 48(18): 3807-3814.]), which were derived from healthy Polygonatum cyrtonema and Paris polyphylla plants, respectively.

[0041] Preparation of PBS liquid culture medium: Dissolve 10g peptone, 5g yeast extract, and 10g NaCl in 950ml distilled water. Adjust the pH to 7.0 with 5N sodium hydroxide, then bring the volume to 1000ml. Autoclave and set aside.

[0042] Preparation method of the bio-fertilizer used:

[0043] (1) Trichoderma harzianum mother culture: Take 15 kg of waste mushroom residue from the cultivation of edible fungi, black fungus, or Ganoderma lucidum wood-rotting fungi as the main raw material for solid fermentation of bio-fertilizer mother culture. Add 25-30% sucrose, 5-10% wheat bran, 70-80% corn flour, and 15-20% ammonium bicarbonate by weight of waste mushroom residue. Stir evenly in a mixer and sterilize at high temperature to use as solid fermentation medium. Trichoderma harzianum is activated and cultured in PDA medium for 120 h. Spores are scraped out to make spore suspension, and then cultured in PSB liquid medium for 120 h. The number of spores is ≥1×10 8 Trichoderma harzianum was inoculated into solid fermentation medium at a density of 3-5 × 10⁶ cells / mL. 4Spores / g, covered with white plastic film, and then fermented for 15-20 days to obtain the Trichoderma harzianum mother strain; the fermentation conditions are as follows: pH value 7-8, culture temperature 25-28℃, and humidity 50-65%.

[0044] Compost product: the crushed waste mushroom stick residues after cultivation of edible fungi or cultivation of Auricularia auricula or cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum are mixed with superphosphoric acid calcium at a weight ratio of 180:1 to obtain a mixture; then the fermented Trichoderma harzianum mother strain is mixed with the mixture at a weight ratio of 1:160, and the mixture is sealed with plastic film and composted and fermented for 20-30 days to obtain the compost product.

[0045] (2) Preparation of Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder: the culture medium (sucrose 25 g / L, ammonium sulfate 6 g / L, bran 60 g / L, trisodium citrate 3 g / L, K2HPO4 . 3H2O 0.5 g / L, MgSO4 . 7H2O 0.5 g / L, FeSO4 . 7H2O 0.05 g / L) is added to the fermentation tank and stirred for 20-30 minutes, and then Bacillus aryabhattai strain activated for 36 hours is added after high-pressure steam sterilization and temperature reduction to below 28℃, and aeration culture is performed to make the content of Bacillus aryabhattai reach 1×10 9 cfu / mL~1×10 10 cfu / mL; then the fermentation broth is dried to obtain Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder.

[0046] The compost product, inorganic fertilizer (30 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, and 3 parts of ferrous sulfate), and Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder are mixed at a ratio of 4:1:2 to obtain the biological bacterial fertilizer (organic matter content≥45%, total nutrient content≥6, Trichoderma harzianum spore content≥10 8 spores / g, Bacillus aryabhattai content≥10 9 cfu / g).

[0047] Example 1

[0048] The embodiment provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0049] (1) Selection of planting base and soil disinfection

[0050] Selection of planting base: the standardized planting base of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua should select the environment of broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest or mixed forest close to the wild environment of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, which is free of pollution of atmosphere, water quality and soil. The altitude of the planting base is above 400 m, and there is no pollution source within 5 km. The irrigation water quality reaches the second level standard of farmland irrigation water quality standard GB 5084-2005; the atmospheric environment reaches the second level standard of GB 3095-1996; and the soil environment quality reaches the second level standard of soil quality GB 15168-1995.

[0051] Soil disinfection: the planting base is cleaned of dry branches and leaves. Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua likes shade and is afraid of strong light. The shade degree is 40-60% during the whole growth period. The soil is ploughed, and then cotton is mixed with the soil and uniformly sprayed, and the soil is ploughed again. The dosage of cotton per mu is 15-20 kg. The water is uniformly sprayed by a sprayer, and then the soil is covered with a film. The film is removed after 20-25 days, and biological bacteria fertilizer is sprayed and the soil is ploughed. The dosage of biological bacteria fertilizer per mu is 500-600 kg, and the soil is ploughed after 15-20 days.

[0052] (2) Selection and disinfection of seedlings (seed stems)

[0053] Healthy, undamaged, and 5 cm or more in height seedlings are selected. The fresh weight of seedlings is about 5 g, the height is 5 cm or more, and the number of roots is ≥5. The seedlings are soaked in disinfectant for 30-50 minutes, then naturally dried, and then disinfected with wood ash as seedlings. The disinfectant is 6.25% bright shield 3000-5000 times dilution liquid or 25% carbendazim 400-600 times dilution liquid.

[0054] Or select healthy and disease-free, bud full, root whole, and uniform Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizomes, with fresh weight ≥25 g, bud ≥3, and root number ≥10. The rhizomes are cut and soaked in disinfectant for 30-50 minutes, then naturally dried, and then disinfected with wood ash as seedlings. The disinfectant is 6.25% bright shield 3500 times dilution liquid or 25% carbendazim 550 times dilution liquid.

[0055] (3) Land preparation and seedling (seed stem) transplanting

[0056] The planting base is made into a ridge with a width of 100-120 cm and a ditch with a depth of 40 cm, which is beneficial to drainage. The stem is planted in late autumn (early to middle October), 1500-2000 per mu, and the seedling is planted in middle to late March, 2000-2500 per mu. Both the seedling and the stem are planted in holes, and biological bacteria fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied in the planting hole as base fertilizer before planting. The application amount of base fertilizer is 0.2-0.3 kg / plant. The base fertilizer is composed of biological bacteria fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, wherein the inorganic fertilizer (N:P:K=10:12:23) accounts for 10%-15% of the total weight of the base fertilizer, the organic matter content of the biological bacteria fertilizer is ≥45%, the total nutrient content is ≥6, and the Trichoderma harzianum spore content is ≥10 8 spores / g, Bacillus aryabhattai content ≥10 9 cfu / g; After the seedling or stem is planted, it is covered with 5-8 cm thick sterilized humus soil (the soil under the pine forest and pine needles are dried and crushed, mixed at a ratio of 5:1, high-temperature sterilized, and then mixed with vermiculite at a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain the humus soil), and then water is poured to fix the roots. It is interplanted with peach and plum fruit trees, and the planting amount is 1000-1500 per mu, and the planting method is the same as above.

[0057] (4) Fertilization

[0058] The fertilizer is applied twice a year. The first time is in early June when the fruit is initially formed, and 0.1-0.2 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer (fruit setting fertilizer) is applied per plant. The second time is in late autumn and early winter after the above-ground part of the yellow flowered lily of the valley is down, and 0.3-0.5 kg of biological bacteria fertilizer is applied per plant.

[0059] (5) Agricultural, physical and chemical control measures: Physical control measures: when the disease rate is less than 10%, the diseased plants can be removed and burned, and 5 g of wood ash or 10 g of quicklime is used for disinfection of the disease hole.

[0060] Chemical control measures: when the disease rate is greater than or equal to 10%, a compound preparation is used for root irrigation treatment, 100 mL per plant for diseased plants, and half for non-diseased plants. The treatment is continuous for 3 times with an interval of 3-5 days. The compound preparation formula is: 45% prochloraz 1250 times dilution, 25% carbendazim 650 times dilution, 3% gibberellic acid 1800 times dilution, and 5% indole butyric acid naphthalene acetic acid 4000 times dilution, mixed at a ratio of 4:3:2:1.

[0061] The agricultural prevention and control measures are as follows: 1. Investigating the occurrence of the soil-borne disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and establishing a prediction mechanism for the disease to provide a basis for prevention; 2. Weeding 3-5 times per year, and removing weeds, dead branches and leaves after the upper part of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is inverted in winter, and then burning and returning to the field to reduce the source of infection; 3. Interplanting with non-Asparagaceae economic crops such as peach and plum, and the root exudates of the peach and plum can effectively inhibit the soil-borne pathogen of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] The comparative example does not use any prevention and control measures in the cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and is a conventional ridge cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua as a control group.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] The embodiment provides a prevention and control method for the soil-borne disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and compared with Example 1, it is a conventional ridge cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and only biological bacterial manure is applied, and the biological bacterial manure is applied after the upper part of the Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua plant is withered in the fall, and the biological bacterial manure is applied at 0.3-0.5 kg per plant, and no other treatment is performed.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] The embodiment provides a prevention and control method for the soil-borne disease of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and compared with Example 1, it is a conventional ridge cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and only a compound preparation is applied, and no other treatment is performed.

[0068] Application Test Example

[0069] In the embodiment, the number of plants with leaf wilt, stem rot and root rot and the incidence rate of the diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in the above-mentioned Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are counted. Each treatment has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 100 plants. The number of plants with leaf wilt, stem rot and root rot in each treatment is counted, and the incidence rate is calculated as follows: incidence rate = (number of plants with diseases / total number of plants) x 100%.

[0070] The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1

[0072]

[0073] Note: Different letters in the same column represent significant differences, P＜ 0.05.

[0074] Each treatment has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 10 plants. After the upper part of the Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua plant is inverted in the fall, the rhizomes are weighed and then planted. After one year, the rhizomes are weighed again, and the annual weight gain of the fresh weight of the Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizomes is calculated. The test results of the annual growth of the Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizomes are shown in Table 2.

[0075] Table 2

[0076]

[0077] Note: The same column different letters represent significant differences, P＜ 0.05.

[0078] The experimental results show that by the comprehensive prevention and control method of the present application, the incidence of leaf blight, stem rot and root rot of polygonatum cyrtonema plants is significantly reduced compared with single prevention and control method; at the same time, the fresh weight of polygonatum cyrtonema plants planted by the method of the present application increases by 51.6% compared with the control.

[0079] In summary, the present application establishes a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema, which can effectively reduce the damage of root and stem rot and other soil-borne diseases, reduce the influence of the site soil on the growth of polygonatum cyrtonema, and improve the yield and quality of polygonatum cyrtonema. It is determined that the moisture content of polygonatum cyrtonema tubers planted according to the present application is 16% (not more than 18%), the ash content is 3.2% (not more than 4%), and the extract is 49% (not less than 45%), which all meet the standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition under the item of polygonatum cyrtonema, and the polysaccharide content of polygonatum cyrtonema planted by the present application is as high as 15.4% (not less than 7%), which is 0.5% higher than that of conventional ridge planting, and the yield is increased by more than 10%.

[0080] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and any changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present application shall be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, characterized in that: It comprises the following steps: S1: selection of planting base and soil disinfection; An environment with no pollution of atmosphere, water and soil, and excellent broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest or mixed forest with an altitude of 400 m or above and a canopy density of 40-60% is selected as the planting base. The soil is disinfected before transplanting. After the soil is disinfected, biological bacterial fertilizer is applied. After 15-20 days, the disinfected soil is used for planting Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings or rhizomes; S2: selection and disinfection of seedlings or rhizomes; S2-1: healthy and disease-free, undamaged, and 5 cm or more in height Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings are selected, or healthy and disease-free, full-bud, whole-sucker, and uniform Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizomes are selected; S2-2: the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings are soaked in disinfectant and then naturally dried, and then disinfected with wood ash before use; or the Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizomes are cut into segments, soaked in disinfectant, naturally dried, and then disinfected with wood ash before use; S3: land preparation and seedling transplanting; The disinfected planting base is made into a high ridge by high-ridge cultivation, and the disinfected seedlings or rhizomes are planted in the high ridge by hole planting. The seedlings are planted in the middle and late March, 2000-2500 plants per mu, and the rhizomes are planted in late autumn, 1500-2000 plants per mu. The plants are interplanted with peach trees and plum trees, 1000-1500 plants per mu; S4: fertilization; Fertilization is performed according to the phenological stage and plant growth; S5: agricultural, physical and chemical control; Before planting and after the upper part of the plant withers in autumn, the field is cleaned, and the dry branches, leaves, weeds and pruned upper parts of the plants are burned together. The wood ash is applied to the field. When the disease rate is less than 10%, the diseased plants are removed and burned together. The diseased holes are disinfected with wood ash or lime. When the disease rate is more than 10%, the diseased plants are treated by root irrigation with a compound preparation. The biological bacterial fertilizer in step S1 is obtained by mixing a compost product, an inorganic fertilizer and Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder in a weight ratio of 4:1:

2. The water content of the biological bacterial fertilizer is 15%-20%. The preparation steps of the compost product are as follows: Take 15 kg of crushed waste mushroom sticks of cultivated edible mushrooms, black fungus or ganoderma lucidum, add 25-30% sucrose, 5-10% bran, 70-80% corn flour and 15-20% ammonium bicarbonate by weight of the waste mushroom sticks, stir well, sterilize at high temperature and use as a solid fermentation medium; inoculate Trichoderma harzianum into the solid fermentation medium at an inoculation amount of 3-5 x 10 4 Spores / g, cover the fermentation with white plastic film, and obtain Trichoderma harzianum spore mother culture after 15-20 days of fermentation; the fermentation conditions are: pH value 7-8, culture temperature 25-28°C and humidity 50-65%. The waste mushroom stick residues of cultivated edible mushrooms or black fungus or ganoderma lucidum are mixed with superphosphate in a weight ratio of (150-250):1 to obtain a mixture. The fermented Trichoderma harzianum mother strain is mixed with the mixture in a weight ratio of 1:(150-200) to obtain a compost product after airtight stacking and fermentation for 20-30 days.

2. The comprehensive prevention and control method of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyathopetalum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the soil is disinfected by stirring the soil with the disinfectant dazomet, applying and then deeply plowing the soil. The dosage of dazomet is 15-20 kg per mu. The soil is evenly sprayed with water and then covered with mulch. The mulch is removed after 20-25 days.

3. The comprehensive prevention and control method of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyathopetalum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic fertilizer comprises 30 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate and 3 parts of ferrous sulfate.

4. The comprehensive prevention and control method of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyathopetalum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder are as follows: 25 g / L sucrose, 6 g / L ammonium sulfate, 60 g / L wheat bran, 3 g / L trisodium citrate, 0.5 g / L K2HPO4 . 3H2O, 0.5 g / L MgSO4 . 7H2O, 0.05 g / L FeSO4 . 7H2O was added to the fermenter and stirred for 20-30 minutes, sterilized by high pressure steam, after the temperature dropped below 28°C, the Bacillus aryabhattai strain activated for 36 hours in NA medium was added, and aerated and cultured, when the content of Bacillus aryabhattai in the fermentation broth reached 1 x 10 9 cfu / mL~1 x 10 10 cfu / mL, Bacillus aryabhattai dry powder was obtained by drying the fermentation broth.

5. The comprehensive prevention and control method of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyathopetalum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the disinfectant is a 6.25% Brilliant 3000-5000 times dilution or a 25% carbendazim 400-600 times dilution. The seedlings are soaked in the disinfectant for 30-50 minutes.

6. The comprehensive prevention and control method of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyathopetalum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high ridge in step S3 has a ridge surface width of 100-120 cm, a ditch width of 30-50 cm, and a ditch depth of 35-40 cm; planting holes are arranged on the ridge surface, and 0.2-0.3 kg of base fertilizer per plant is applied in the planting holes before planting, wherein the base fertilizer is composed of biological bacterial fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer has a N:P:K ratio of 10:12:23, and the amount of inorganic fertilizer is 10%-15% of the total weight of the base fertilizer.

7. The comprehensive prevention and control method of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyathopetalum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization mode in step S4 is as follows: 2 times of topdressing per year, the first time is in early June when the fruit is formed, 0.1 kg-0.2 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in each root control device, the high-potassium compound fertilizer has a N:P:K ratio of 6:6:28, and the second time is in late autumn and early winter, after the above-ground part of the polygonatum cyrtonema is laid down, 0.3 kg-0.5 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer is applied per plant.

8. The comprehensive prevention and control method of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyathopetalum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound preparation in step S5 is a mixture of 45% prochloraz 1000-1500 times dilution liquid, 25% carbendazim 500-800 times dilution liquid, 3% gibberellic acid 1500-2000 times dilution liquid, and 5% indole butyric acid naphthalene acetic acid 3000-4000 times dilution liquid at a ratio of 4:3:2:1; the root irrigation mode is that 100 mL is applied to each plant of the diseased plant, and half is applied to each plant of the non-diseased plant, and the continuous treatment is 3 times with an interval of 3-5 days.

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