Method for increasing hatching rate of duck eggs and incubator

Abstract

The invention provides a method for increasing the hatching rate of duck eggs and an incubator. The method comprises the steps that S1, hatching eggs are selected, wherein fertilized eggs with clean and lossless surfaces and the storage period not exceeding 7 days are selected as the hatching eggs; s2, fumigating and disinfecting: fumigating and disinfecting the hatching eggs by adopting a potassium permanganate fumigating and disinfecting method; s3, hatching: transferring the disinfected hatching eggs into multiple layers of egg trays of a hatching box, respectively spraying cold water to the duck eggs in each layer of egg tray once every day, and respectively spraying ethanol solution and acetic acid solution to each layer of egg tray once; s4, placing the hatching eggs in the hatching box into a hatching chamber on the 26th day; and S5, hatching: after 26 days, brooding in a brooding room. In the hatching process, cold water spraying is conducted on hatching eggs on each layer, ethanol solution spraying and acetic acid solution spraying are conducted on egg trays on each layer respectively on the seventh day and the twenty-fifth day of hatching, all the duck eggs can be fully sprayed with cold water, disinfected and softened, and therefore the hatching rate of the duck eggs is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of poultry hatching, and in particular to a method for improving the hatching rate of duck eggs and an incubator. Background Art

[0002] Duck meat is the main source of meat and eggs for human consumption, and is also an important source of down. Healthy, high-quality ducklings are the basis for producing high-quality duck meat, duck eggs and duck down. Improving the hatchability of duck eggs can select healthier and stronger ducklings for breeding, which helps produce duck meat, duck eggs and duck down products that meet food safety standards and high quality requirements to meet market demand.

[0003] With the continuous development of waterfowl farming, there is an urgent need to improve the hatchability of duck eggs. Farmers and enterprises hope to obtain a more scientific and effective method for hatching duck eggs to improve the yield and quality of ducklings and reduce production costs. However, the market currently lacks a comprehensive, efficient and stable technical method to improve the hatchability of duck eggs, which provides a broad space for the development of a new method to improve the hatchability of duck eggs.

[0004] Most of the existing incubation methods are to place duck eggs in an egg tray, and use the water tank heater at the bottom of the incubator and the fan at the back to heat, dissipate heat, and ventilate to maintain a certain humidity. However, this incubation method cannot ensure that the humidity of each part of the incubator remains uniform and stable. The hatching rate of duck eggs is only between 80% and 90%, and the mortality rate of ducklings after hatching is about 5% during the normal feeding process during the brooding period. The low hatching rate of duck eggs and the high mortality rate of ducklings during the feeding process after hatching have brought certain economic losses to breeding companies and farmers.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solution to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the hatching rate of duck eggs and an incubator, so as to at least solve the problems of low hatching rate of duck eggs and high mortality rate during the breeding process of ducklings after hatching in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Breeding egg selection: selecting fertilized eggs with a clean and intact surface, an egg shape index of 0.65 to 0.85 and a storage period of no more than 7 days as breeding eggs, and placing the selected breeding eggs in a storage room;

[0009] S2, fumigation disinfection: the breeding eggs in the storage room are fumigated and disinfected by potassium permanganate fumigation disinfection for 20 to 30 minutes;

[0010] S3, hatching: the sterilized breeding eggs are transferred to a multi-layer egg tray of an incubator, and the duck eggs are placed with the big end facing up and the small end facing down, and the duck eggs in each layer of the egg tray are sprayed with cold water once a day, and on the 7th day and the 25th day of incubation, each layer of the egg tray is sprayed with an ethanol solution and an acetic acid solution respectively; wherein, the day when the breeding eggs are transferred to the incubator is the first day of incubation;

[0011] S4, placing the eggs in the incubator in the hatching tray: on the 26th day, the eggs in the incubator are placed in the hatching tray of the hatching room, and the temperature of the hatching room is maintained at 37.0° C. to 37.5° C. and the humidity is 75%;

[0012] S5. Hatching: After 26 days, the hatching eggs begin to hatch. The temperature in the hatching room is controlled at 30° C. to 35° C., and the humidity is controlled at 35% to 55%. The hatched ducklings are promptly transferred to the brooding room for brooding.

[0013] Optionally, in S1, the temperature of the storage chamber is less than 21° C. and the humidity is 65%.

[0014] Optionally, in S3, the water temperature of the cold water spray is 25°C to 28°C every day, and the eggs are turned 6 to 8 times a day, with an interval of 3 to 4 hours between each turning.

[0015] Optionally, S3 further includes: from the 1st day to the 14th day when the sterilized breeding eggs are in the incubator, the temperature in the incubator is 37.5° C. to 38.3° C., and the humidity is 50% to 60%.

[0016] Optionally, before S3, the sterilized breeding eggs are transferred to a preheating chamber for preheating, and the temperature is gradually increased to 37° C. The heating time is 6 to 8 hours to preheat the breeding eggs.

[0017] Optionally, S3 further includes: from the 15th day to the 25th day, the temperature in the incubator is maintained at 37.0°C to 37.5°C; the humidity in the incubator is increased by 1.5% to 3.0% every day until the humidity in the incubator reaches 75%.

[0018] Optionally, in S2, in the potassium permanganate fumigation disinfection method, the disinfectant is potassium permanganate and a formalin solution containing 40% formaldehyde, wherein 15 grams of potassium permanganate and 30 milliliters of the formalin solution are used per cubic meter of space in the storage room.

[0019] Optionally, in S3,

[0020] The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 78%; the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3% to 5%.

[0021] The present application also provides an incubator, which is used in the method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs described in the present application, and the incubator includes a box body, an egg tray rack, multiple groups of spray pipes, a temperature control system, and an air circulation system. The box body includes a box door that opens at the front end; the egg tray rack is arranged in the middle of the box body, and is used to install multiple layers of egg trays, and duck eggs are placed in the grooves of the egg trays; each group of the spray pipes is installed directly above each layer of the egg trays, and multiple nozzles of the spray pipes are directly facing the egg trays; the spray pipes are used to spray water mist, ethanol solution, and acetic acid solution on the duck eggs placed in the egg trays; the temperature control system is used to regulate the temperature in the box body; the air circulation system is arranged in the box body, and the air circulation system is used to promote air circulation in the box body.

[0022] The method for improving the hatching rate of duck eggs of the scheme of the present invention comprises the following steps: S1, selecting breeding eggs: selecting fertilized eggs with clean and intact surfaces, egg shape index of 0.65-0.85 and storage period of no more than 7 days as breeding eggs, and placing the selected breeding eggs in a storage room; S2, fumigation disinfection: fumigating the breeding eggs in the storage room with potassium permanganate fumigation disinfection method for 20-30 minutes; S3, incubation: transferring the disinfected breeding eggs to a multi-layer egg tray of an incubator, and placing the duck eggs with their big heads facing upward and their small heads facing downward, spraying the duck eggs in each layer of the egg tray with cold water once a day, and On the 7th day and the 25th day of incubation, each layer of the egg tray is sprayed with an ethanol solution and an acetic acid solution respectively; wherein, the day when the breeding eggs are transferred to the incubator is the 1st day of incubation; S4, dropping to the tray: on the 26th day, the breeding eggs in the incubator are transferred to the hatching tray of the hatching room, and the temperature of the hatching room is maintained at 37.0°C to 37.5°C, and the humidity is maintained at 75%; S5, hatching: after 26 days, the breeding eggs begin to hatch, the temperature of the hatching room is controlled to be 30°C to 35°C, the humidity is controlled to be 35% to 55%, and the hatched ducklings are promptly transferred to the brooding room for brooding. Therefore, during the incubation process, each layer of breeding eggs is sprayed with cold water respectively, and each layer of breeding eggs can evenly receive the cold water spray. In addition, on the 7th day and the 25th day of incubation, each layer of the egg tray is sprayed with an ethanol solution and an acetic acid solution respectively, so that all duck eggs can be fully disinfected and softened, thereby improving the hatching rate of duck eggs and the survival rate of ducklings after hatching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 The invention relates to an incubator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] 10. Box body; 11. Box door; 20. Egg tray rack; 21. Support frame; 22. Egg tray bracket; 30. Egg tray; 40. Spray pipe; 50. Air circulation system; 51. Fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1. Breeding egg selection: Select fertilized eggs with a clean and intact surface, an egg shape index of 0.65 to 0.85 and a storage period of no more than 7 days as breeding eggs, and place the selected breeding eggs in a storage room;

[0031] S2. Fumigation and disinfection: The eggs in the storage room are fumigated and disinfected with potassium permanganate for 20 to 30 minutes;

[0032] S3, hatching: the sterilized breeding eggs are transferred to the multi-layer egg tray 30 of the incubator, and the duck eggs are placed with the big end facing up and the small end facing down, and the duck eggs in each layer of the egg tray 30 are sprayed with cold water once a day, and each layer of the egg tray 30 is sprayed with an ethanol solution and an acetic acid solution on the 7th and 25th days of incubation, respectively; wherein, the day when the breeding eggs are transferred to the incubator is the first day of incubation;

[0033] S5. Hatching: After 26 days, the breeding eggs begin to hatch. The temperature in the hatching room is controlled at 30℃~35℃, and the humidity is 35%~55%. The hatched ducklings are promptly transferred to the brooding room for brooding.

[0034] Specifically, in S1, the selection of breeding eggs is a key step in successful hatching. Selecting breeding eggs with clean and intact surfaces can prevent bacteria or pathogens from entering the eggs through the eggshell and affecting embryonic development. The egg shape index refers to the ratio of the long diameter to the short diameter of the egg. A ratio between 0.65 and 0.85 is conducive to the normal development of the embryo and gas exchange during hatching. Fertilized eggs that have been stored for no more than 7 days have higher embryo activity.

[0035] In S2, potassium permanganate fumigation is an efficient and safe disinfection method. Potassium permanganate is mixed with formaldehyde solution to produce gas to disinfect the surface of the eggs and the storage room environment, which can effectively kill bacteria, viruses and fungi. The fumigation time is 20 to 30 minutes to ensure thorough disinfection. Ventilation is required after fumigation to avoid adverse effects of residual gas on the eggs. If the disinfection time is less than 20 minutes, the killing rate of pathogenic microorganisms may be low, increasing the risk of infection; if the disinfection time exceeds 30 minutes, the surface of the eggs may be damaged and affect embryonic development.

[0036] In S3, the sterilized breeding eggs are transferred to the incubator, and the duck eggs are placed with the big end facing up and the small end facing down, which is conducive to the correct position of the air chamber in the egg and promotes embryo respiration. The duck eggs in each layer of egg tray 30 are sprayed with cold water once a day to adjust the humidity in the incubator to prevent the eggshell from being too dry. On the 7th and 25th days of incubation, ethanol solution and acetic acid solution are sprayed respectively, and the spraying of ethanol solution and acetic acid solution is also carried out on the duck eggs in each layer of egg tray 30 respectively. Ethanol solution can promote the expansion of eggshell micropores, enhance gas exchange, and provide more sufficient oxygen for the embryo; acetic acid is a weak acid that can react with calcium carbonate in the eggshell to soften the eggshell without causing harm to the ducklings. Among them, cold water spraying of the duck eggs in each layer of egg tray 30 alone can ensure that the humidity received by each layer of duck eggs in the entire incubator is consistent, ensuring the uniformity of humidity, and uniform humidity can make the development process of all breeding eggs basically synchronized. If the humidity is uneven, there will be a large difference in the development speed between the breeding eggs, which may cause some ducklings to hatch early and have weak constitutions; while some ducklings will be delayed in hatching or even have difficulty hatching. Under uniform humidity conditions, the breeding eggs develop at a consistent rhythm, and most ducklings can hatch at a similar time, which is convenient for centralized management and subsequent breeding operations, and improves breeding efficiency and economic benefits. In addition, spraying ethanol solution and acetic acid solution in layers allows each layer of breeding eggs to be evenly exposed to the solution, ensuring that the environment of each layer of breeding eggs is consistent. Spraying ethanol solution on the 7th day of incubation can evenly kill microorganisms on the surface of the breeding eggs, avoiding the growth of microorganisms due to insufficient disinfection in some areas, which affects embryonic development. Spray acetic acid solution on the 25th day, and spray evenly to make the eggshell softening effect of each layer of breeding eggs consistent.

[0037] In S4, the eggs are transferred from the incubator to the hatching tray in the hatching room on the 26th day. At this time, the embryos are fully developed and are about to hatch. The temperature in the hatching room is controlled at 37.0℃~37.5℃, and the humidity is maintained at 75%, providing a suitable environment for the ducklings to hatch. The eggs need to be handled with care during the transfer process to avoid vibration that may cause damage to the embryo. Among them, if the temperature is lower than 37.0℃, the ducklings will take longer to hatch, and if the temperature is higher than 37.5℃, it may cause dehydration or suffocation of the ducklings.

[0038] In S5, after 26 days, the eggs begin to hatch. The temperature in the hatching room is controlled at 30℃~35℃, and the humidity is 35%~55% to avoid suffocation of ducklings due to excessive humidity or dehydration due to excessive dryness. The hatched ducklings are promptly transferred to the brooding room. The temperature in the brooding room needs to be maintained at 30℃~32℃, and sufficient drinking water and feed are provided to help the ducklings quickly adapt to the external environment.

[0039] The present application significantly improves the hatching rate by strictly selecting breeding eggs, using potassium permanganate fumigation and disinfection, optimizing the incubation environment, spraying ethanol and acetic acid solutions, and standardizing the tray placement and hatching operations. By ensuring embryo activity, reducing infection risks, promoting gas exchange and softening eggshells, good conditions are provided for embryo development, reducing the difficulty of breaking the shell, and finally achieving a significant increase in the hatching success rate. In addition, the duck eggs in each layer of egg trays 30 in the incubator are sprayed with cold water, ethanol solution and acetic acid solution respectively, so that each duck egg can ensure sufficient humidity, disinfection and softening, ensuring that the humidity of all duck eggs in the incubator is more uniform, the disinfection effect is consistent, and the degree of eggshell softening is consistent, which improves the hatching rate and makes the duck eggs in the incubator hatch in a consistent rhythm. The suitable humidity and disinfection environment also improve the survival rate of ducklings after hatching.

[0040] In a possible implementation, in S1, the temperature of the storage room is less than 21° C., and the humidity is 65%.

[0041] Specifically, during the storage of breeding eggs, the embryos still maintain a certain metabolic activity. Too high a temperature will accelerate embryo metabolism, leading to premature embryo development or excessive energy consumption, and reducing the hatching rate. A temperature below 21°C can effectively inhibit the metabolic rate of the embryo, maintain the embryo's dormancy, and inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms such as bacteria and mold, reducing the risk of contamination of breeding eggs during storage. During storage, breeding eggs will exchange water with the external environment through the eggshell micropores. Too low humidity will cause excessive evaporation of water in the egg, causing embryo dehydration; too high humidity may cause condensation on the eggshell surface, increasing the risk of microbial contamination. Appropriate humidity can maintain the patency of the eggshell micropores, ensuring that the embryo can smoothly exchange gases in the early stages of incubation. It can reduce the stress on the eggshell caused by water evaporation or absorption, and avoid eggshell cracking or deformation.

[0042] In a possible implementation, in S3, the water temperature of the cold water spray is 25° C. to 28° C. every day, and the eggs are turned 6 to 8 times a day, with an interval of 3 to 4 hours between each turning.

[0043] Specifically, the right water temperature helps the metabolism of the embryo. Cold water at 25℃ to 28℃ can keep the surface of the eggs at a suitable temperature, promoting material exchange and physiological activities inside the embryo. During the development process, the embryo needs to continuously absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. Under suitable water temperature conditions, the eggshell pores can maintain a good gas exchange state, ensuring normal breathing of the embryo, thereby promoting the healthy development of the embryo. Water temperatures below 25℃ may cause the surface temperature of the eggshell to drop sharply, affecting embryonic development; water temperatures above 28℃ may not be able to effectively cool down, and may even increase the temperature in the incubator. Water temperatures of 25℃ to 28℃ can effectively cool down without causing temperature shock to the embryo.

[0044] Turning the eggs 6 to 8 times a day, each time at an interval of 3 to 4 hours, can effectively prevent the embryo from adhering to the inner membrane of the eggshell. During the incubation process, the embryo will continue to develop. If the eggs are not turned for a long time, the embryo may be attached to the inner membrane of the eggshell due to gravity, resulting in local blood circulation obstruction, affecting embryo development, and even causing embryo death in severe cases. Regular egg turning can change the position of the embryo in the egg, avoid adhesion, and ensure that all parts of the embryo can develop normally. In addition, turning the eggs can allow all parts of the eggs to be heated evenly. There may be slight differences in the temperature at different positions in the incubator. If the eggs are fixed, the side close to the heat source is heated more, and the side away from the heat source is heated less, which will lead to uneven embryo development. According to the number of egg turnings and intervals specified in this application, the eggs can be exposed to different temperature areas at different time periods, ensuring that the overall heating is uniform, providing a stable temperature environment for embryo development, and improving the consistency of embryo development and hatching success rate. Among them, turning the eggs less than 6 times may cause embryo adhesion or uneven nutrition distribution, affecting embryo development. Turning eggs more than 8 times may excessively interfere with embryo development and increase operational risks. An egg turning frequency of 6 to 8 times can both meet the needs of embryo development and avoid unnecessary operations. An egg turning interval of 3 to 4 hours ensures the regularity of the egg turning operation and avoids embryo adhesion caused by too long an interval or excessive interference caused by too short an interval.

[0045] In a possible implementation, S3 further includes:

[0046] From the first day to the fourteenth day after the sterilized eggs are placed in the incubator, the temperature in the incubator is 37.5°C to 38.3°C and the humidity is 50% to 60%.

[0047] Specifically, the duck eggs are in the incubator for the first to fourteenth day, which is the early stage of embryo development. A higher temperature is required to start and maintain cell division and tissue differentiation. 37.5℃~38.3℃ can meet the energy needs of embryo metabolism and growth. If the temperature is too high, the embryo may overheat, accelerate the metabolic rate, cause excessive energy consumption or protein denaturation, and affect the normal development of the embryo. If the temperature is too low, it may delay embryo development, resulting in prolonged incubation time or incomplete embryo development. This temperature range avoids metabolic abnormalities caused by excessively high or low temperatures in the embryo, and ensures the stability of embryonic development. Water balance in the egg: In the early stages of incubation, the embryo needs to absorb water from the egg to maintain the needs of cell division and tissue differentiation. A humidity of 50% to 60% can maintain the balance of water in the egg, avoiding dehydration of the embryo caused by excessive evaporation of water in the egg or condensation on the eggshell surface caused by excessive humidity.

[0048] Appropriate humidity can maintain the patency of the eggshell micropores and ensure effective gas exchange during the embryo's development, such as absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Too low humidity may cause excessive evaporation of water in the egg, causing embryo dehydration and affecting development. Too high humidity may cause condensation on the eggshell surface, increasing the risk of microbial contamination and affecting the patency of the eggshell micropores. By precisely controlling temperature and humidity, the hatchability of duck eggs and the survival rate of ducklings can be improved, laying a good foundation for the subsequent hatching process.

[0049] In a possible implementation, before S3, the step further includes: transferring the sterilized breeding eggs to a preheating chamber for preheating, gradually raising the temperature to 37° C. for 6 to 8 hours to preheat the breeding eggs.

[0050] Specifically, the temperature in the storage room is generally low, generally below 21°C. When the eggs are transferred from the storage room to the incubator, the sudden change in temperature may cause heat stress to the embryo and affect its development. The preheating process slowly warms up the temperature so that the embryo gradually adapts to the higher incubation temperature and avoids embryo damage caused by sudden temperature changes. Moreover, the preheating process can gradually activate the metabolic activity of the embryo, allowing it to smoothly transition from a dormant state to an active development state, laying the foundation for the subsequent incubation process. It can also reduce the stress on the eggshell caused by temperature changes and avoid cracking or deformation of the eggshell. The heating time is 6 to 8 hours. If the heating time is less than 6 hours, the temperature may change too quickly, the embryo cannot adapt, and the risk of heat stress is increased. The heating time of more than 8 hours may prolong the embryo's adaptation process and delay the start of embryonic development. The heating time of 6 to 8 hours can enable the embryo to adapt smoothly to temperature changes.

[0051] In a possible implementation, S3 further includes: from the 15th day to the 25th day, the temperature in the incubator is maintained at 37.0° C. to 37.5° C.; and the humidity in the incubator is increased by 1.5% to 3.0% every day until the humidity in the incubator reaches 75%.

[0052] Specifically, from the 15th to the 25th day of incubation, the embryo enters the middle and late stages of development. This stage is a critical period for the rapid development and maturation of the embryo's organ systems, including the further formation and improvement of the skeleton, muscles, respiratory system and circulatory system. At this time, the embryo is highly sensitive to the environment, and temperature fluctuations or discomfort may directly affect its development process, and even lead to deformity or death. The temperature in the incubator is between 37.0℃ and 37.5℃, which provides a stable thermal environment for the embryo and maintains normal metabolic activities and developmental processes. This temperature range can promote cell division and tissue differentiation, while avoiding metabolic abnormalities or developmental delays caused by temperature fluctuations. In addition, humidity control is increased by 1.5% to 3.0% per day until the humidity reaches 75%. The gradually increasing humidity regulation can adapt to the changes in the embryo's demand for water in the late incubation period, prevent excessive evaporation of water in the egg or excessive drying of the eggshell, thereby ensuring the smooth development of the embryo and reducing the difficulty of hatching.

[0053] In a possible implementation, in S2, in the potassium permanganate fumigation disinfection method, the disinfectant is potassium permanganate and a formalin solution containing 40% formaldehyde, wherein 15 grams of potassium permanganate and 30 milliliters of formalin solution are used per cubic meter of space in the storage room.

[0054] Specifically, potassium permanganate, as a strong oxidant, can release active oxygen and destroy the cell structure of microorganisms, while formaldehyde is an efficient alkylating agent that can react with microbial proteins, nucleic acids and other biomacromolecules to inactivate them. When the two are used in combination, potassium permanganate can not only enhance the volatility and diffusivity of formaldehyde, but also accelerate the bactericidal effect of formaldehyde through oxidation, thereby achieving synergistic effects. The specific dosage is 15 grams of potassium permanganate and 30 milliliters of formalin solution containing 40% formaldehyde per cubic meter of space. The appropriate dosage range can ensure efficient sterilization while avoiding waste of resources or environmental pollution caused by excessive use. During the fumigation process, the fumigation gas can be evenly distributed to every corner of the space to ensure thorough disinfection without dead ends.

[0055] In a possible implementation, in S3,

[0056] The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 78%; the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3% to 5%.

[0057] Specifically, ethanol is a commonly used disinfectant, which mainly denatures microbial proteins and dissolves lipid membranes, thereby causing cell death. Ethanol with too high a concentration will cause proteins to coagulate too quickly, which will reduce permeability. When the concentration is too low, the permeability and denaturation ability of ethanol will decrease significantly, and it will not be able to effectively destroy the cell structure of microorganisms, resulting in poor sterilization effect. When using acetic acid to soften eggshells, too low an acetic acid concentration cannot achieve a softening effect, while too high a concentration may damage the eggshell structure and affect embryonic development. In addition, by destroying the cell membrane and enzyme system of microorganisms, an acetic acid concentration of 3% to 5% can effectively kill a variety of bacteria and fungi without causing excessive irritation or corrosion to the environment and human body. The combined use of ethanol and acetic acid, two disinfectants, can expand the bactericidal spectrum. Ethanol has a stronger effect on bacteria and viruses, while acetic acid has a better effect on fungi and some drug-resistant bacteria, thus forming a complementary effect.

[0058] The present application also provides an incubator, which is applied to the method for improving the hatching rate of duck eggs in the present application, and the incubator includes a box body 10, an egg tray rack 20, multiple groups of spray pipes 40, a temperature control system and an air circulation system 50; the box body 10 includes a box door 11 that opens at the front end; the egg tray rack 20 is arranged in the middle of the box body 10, and is used to install multiple layers of egg trays 30, and duck eggs are placed in the grooves of the egg trays 30; each group of spray pipes 40 is installed directly above each layer of egg trays 30, and multiple nozzles of the spray pipes 40 are directly facing the egg trays 30; the spray pipes 40 are used to spray water mist, ethanol solution and acetic acid solution onto the duck eggs placed in the egg trays 30; the temperature control system is used to regulate the temperature in the box body 10; the air circulation system is arranged in the box body 10, and the air circulation system is used to promote air circulation in the box body 10.

[0059] Specifically, the incubator comprises a box body 10, and a box door 11 is provided on the front side of the box body 10. An egg tray rack 20 is placed inside the box body 10, and the egg tray rack 20 comprises a support frame 21 and an egg tray bracket 22 that can be tilted and rotated around the horizontal axis of the support frame 21. The upper end support leg of the support frame 21 is detachably connected to the bottom of the box body 10, and the lower end support leg of the support frame 21 is detachably connected to the bottom surface of the box body 10. The stability of the support frame 21 in the box body 10 is ensured.

[0060] Multiple layers of egg trays 30 are placed on the egg tray bracket 22. Multiple groups of spray pipes 40 are also arranged on the egg tray bracket 22, each group of spray pipes 40 is located above each layer of egg trays 30, and the nozzle of each group of spray pipes 40 is directly facing each layer of egg trays 30, and the spray range covers the entire upper surface of the egg tray 30, so that each duck egg placed in the egg tray 30 can be evenly sprayed with liquid, and each spray pipe 40 is connected to a liquid storage tank; when spraying cold water, the liquid storage tank stores cold water, when spraying ethanol solution, the liquid storage tank stores ethanol solution, and when it is necessary to spray acetic acid solution, the liquid storage tank stores acetic acid solution.

[0061] A temperature control system is provided in the box 10, including a temperature sensor provided inside the box 10 and a temperature controller provided outside the box 10, for regulating the temperature inside the box 10 so that the temperature inside the box 10 is always maintained within a preset range. An air circulation system 50 is also provided inside the box 10 for promoting air circulation inside the box 10. The air circulation system 50 is composed of two sets of fans 51, which are respectively provided inside the box 10 and located on the left and right sides of the egg tray rack 20. The fans 51 rotate under the drive of the motor, so that the air inside the box 10 circulates.

[0062] This is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0063] Embodiment 1:

[0064] Egg selection: select fertilized eggs with clean and intact surface, suitable size and storage period not exceeding 7 days;

[0065] Fumigation disinfection: Place the above-mentioned duck eggs in a closed breeding egg storage room and use formalin fumigation disinfection for 20 to 30 minutes to obtain the duck eggs to be hatched for use.

[0066] Incubation: Place the eggs to be incubated in the incubator described in this application, spray them with cold water once a day from the start of incubation, spray them with 78% ethanol solution and 3% to 5% acetic acid solution on the 7th and 25th days respectively, and turn the eggs over 6 to 8 times.

[0067] After hatching, the chicks are transferred to the tray and hatched.

[0068] Comparative Example 1:

[0069] A method for improving the hatching rate of duck eggs, the duck egg hatching method is the same as that of Example 1, and the steps are: placing the duck eggs to be hatched in the incubator of the above Example 1, spraying cold water once a day from the beginning of hatching, and turning the duck eggs 6 to 8 times. After hatching, the eggs are dropped into a tray and hatched.

[0070] Comparative Example 2:

[0071] A method for improving the hatching rate of duck eggs, wherein the method for hatching duck eggs is the same as that of Example 1, and the steps are as follows: placing the duck eggs to be hatched in the incubator of Example 1, spraying with cold water once a day from the beginning of hatching, spraying with 78% ethanol solution on the 7th day, and turning the duck eggs 6 to 8 times. After hatching, the eggs are dropped into a tray and hatched.

[0072] Comparative Example 3:

[0073] A method for improving the hatching rate of duck eggs, the method for hatching duck eggs is the same as that of Example 2, and the steps are as follows: placing the duck eggs to be hatched in the incubator of the above Example 1, spraying them with cold water once a day from the beginning of hatching, spraying them with 3% to 5% acetic acid solution on the 25th day, and turning the duck eggs over 6 to 8 times. After hatching, the eggs are dropped into a tray and hatched.

[0074] Detection:

[0075] Gaoyou duck eggs raised together in the same breeding ground were selected, and 6000 duck eggs that met the standards were selected as breeding eggs. The eggs were incubated according to the incubation methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively, to obtain finally hatched ducklings. The ducklings were raised in the same suitable environment for 42 days, and the survival rate of the ducklings in each group after hatching was calculated. When calculating the hatching rate, the number of unfertilized duck eggs in each group needs to be eliminated and calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0076] Table 1 Survival rate of ducklings after hatching in each group

[0077] Group Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Hatching rate (%) 95.2 91.8 92.5 93.7 42d survival rate (%) 98.1 92.3 94.4 93.8

[0078] As can be seen from Table 1, by using the method of the present application, precise and effective uniform spraying of duck eggs can effectively improve the hatching rate of eggs. At the same time, using 78% ethanol solution and 3% to 5% acetic acid solution to stimulate duck eggs for a very short time on the 7th and 25th days of incubation, respectively, can effectively improve the survival rate of later hatched chicks and improve the overall economic benefits of breeding.

[0079] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Breeding egg selection: selecting fertilized eggs with a clean and intact surface, an egg shape index of 0.65 to 0.85 and a storage period of no more than 7 days as breeding eggs, and placing the selected breeding eggs in a storage room; S2, fumigation disinfection: the breeding eggs in the storage room are fumigated and disinfected by potassium permanganate fumigation disinfection for 20 to 30 minutes; S3, hatching: the sterilized breeding eggs are transferred to a multi-layer egg tray of an incubator, and the duck eggs are placed with the big end facing up and the small end facing down, and the duck eggs in each layer of the egg tray are sprayed with cold water once a day, and on the 7th day and the 25th day of incubation, each layer of the egg tray is sprayed with an ethanol solution and an acetic acid solution respectively; wherein, the day when the breeding eggs are transferred to the incubator is the first day of incubation; S4, placing the eggs in the incubator in the hatching tray: on the 26th day, the eggs in the incubator are placed in the hatching tray of the hatching room, and the temperature of the hatching room is maintained at 37.0° C. to 37.5° C. and the humidity is 75%; S5. Hatching: After 26 days, the hatching eggs begin to hatch. The temperature in the hatching room is controlled at 30° C. to 35° C., and the humidity is controlled at 35% to 55%. The hatched ducklings are promptly transferred to the brooding room for brooding.

2. The method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the temperature of the storage room is less than 21° C. and the humidity is 65%.

3. The method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the water temperature of the cold water spray is 25° C. to 28° C. every day, and the eggs are turned 6 to 8 times a day, with an interval of 3 to 4 hours between each turning.

4. The method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S3 further includes: From the first day to the fourteenth day when the sterilized breeding eggs are placed in the incubator, the temperature in the incubator is 37.5° C. to 38.3° C., and the humidity is 50% to 60%.

5. The method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before S3, the sterilized breeding eggs are transferred to a preheating chamber for preheating, and the temperature is gradually increased to 37° C. The heating time is 6 to 8 hours to preheat the breeding eggs.

6. The method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to claim 4, characterized in that: The S3 further includes: from the 15th day to the 25th day, the temperature in the incubator is maintained at 37.0° C. to 37.5° C.; and the humidity in the incubator is increased by 1.5% to 3.0% every day until the humidity in the incubator reaches 75%.

7. The method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, in the potassium permanganate fumigation disinfection method, the disinfectant is potassium permanganate and a formalin solution containing 40% formaldehyde, wherein 15 grams of potassium permanganate and 30 milliliters of the formalin solution are used per cubic meter of space in the storage room.

8. The method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, The mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 78%; the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 3% to 5%.

9. An incubator, characterized in that: The incubator is applied to the method for improving the hatchability of duck eggs according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the incubator comprises: The box body includes a door opening at the front end; An egg tray rack is arranged in the middle of the box body and is used to install a multi-layer egg tray, wherein duck eggs are placed in the grooves of the egg tray; A plurality of groups of spray pipes, each group of the spray pipes is installed directly above each layer of the egg tray, and a plurality of nozzles of the spray pipes are directly facing the egg tray; the spray pipes are used to spray water mist, ethanol solution and acetic acid solution onto the duck eggs placed in the egg tray; A temperature control system, used to regulate the temperature inside the box; An air circulation system is disposed in the box and is used to promote air circulation in the box.

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