Arc-shaped machining and forming process for cold-formed section steel of railway vehicle body

Abstract

The invention relates to an arc-shaped processing and forming process for cold-formed section steel of a railway vehicle body, which solves the problem that the rebound amount and burrs of a shearing surface do not meet the requirements and comprises the following steps: confirming the size of a section steel material; the slitting specification is specified according to a drawing; selecting a die, installing a cutter, placing a laser scanner, setting profile steel parameters, and enabling profile steel to pass through a front die, a front pre-tightening mechanism, a front fixing mechanism, the cutter, a rear fixing mechanism, a rear pre-tightening mechanism and a rear die when the profile steel enters a shearing mechanism; when the profile steel enters the shearing mechanism, the front pre-tightening mechanism and the rear pre-tightening mechanism are inflated to wrap the profile steel tightly, the front fixing mechanism and the rear fixing mechanism fix the profile steel, the profile steel is preheated for a short time, the cutter conducts hydraulic shearing on the profile steel, and the shearing face of the profile steel is ground and cooled. The profile steel is fixed and locked through the front fixing mechanism and the rear fixing mechanism, the range of the shearing face is preheated during shearing, the shearing face is ground while shearing is conducted, meanwhile, the profile steel is cooled, and the standard requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shearing of car body section steel, in particular to an arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent section steel for a rail vehicle body. Background Art

[0002] The body roof side beams and roof side panels of the 160km centralized power electric vehicle body drum-type vehicle adopt small complex section high-precision roll-forming technology, and the body of the drum-type vehicle is made of body roof side beams and roof side panels by cold-bent steel roll forming. The main process steps are: steel strip feeding-leveling-pre-punching-steel strip introduction-roll forming-welding-cutting.

[0003] The technical indicators of the roof side beams and roof side panels require that the overall product is straight, without wrinkles, hard bends, bulges, distortions, and burrs. The length direction is less than 8mm, the roof side beam product distortion is required to be less than 5mm, the roof side panel distortion is required to be less than 8mm, the dimensional tolerance is required to be 0.4mm, and no sharp waves are allowed in the length direction when cutting, and no obvious single-sided wave shapes are allowed. The flatness of the shear surface is ≤1mm / 2m.

[0004] The control of product quality is reflected in every link in the whole forming process. The main research direction of this invention is the possible impact on the product during shearing. During shearing, it is generally divided into flying saw shearing and hydraulic shearing. The advantage of flying saw shearing is that it does not need to replace the blade and can adapt to different shapes of steel sections. The disadvantages are slow shearing speed, long cutting stroke, regular maintenance, grinding or replacement, short maintenance cycle, and relatively large wear. The advantage of hydraulic shearing is fast shearing speed. The main research of this invention is hydraulic shearing. Hydraulic shearing is divided into longitudinal shearing and oblique shearing. In order to reduce the deformation and bending of steel sections caused by shearing, the shape of the cutter of longitudinal shearing and oblique shearing matches the shape of the product, but longitudinal shearing is mostly non-wrapped, and oblique shearing is mostly wrapped. Compared with non-wrapped shearing, wrapped shearing is to minimize the bending range of steel sections.

[0005] During the hydraulic shearing process, the steel will be squeezed, causing it to be completely deformed. The thicker the steel, the greater the springback, which will cause the steel around the cut to rebound greatly at the moment of cutting, resulting in deviation in flatness and burrs when cutting. In order to avoid this situation, the process has been changed from the original "cut first and then punch" to the current "punch first and then cut", and the product quality has been significantly improved, but the above situation still occurs.

[0006] After many process improvements, the quality of steel processing has been greatly improved, but for the body roof side beams and roof side panels, the processing product standards still have problems such as burrs on the cut surface and a large range of material rebound. The R&D personnel have summarized and analyzed that this is because there are many shapes of steel processing during shearing, and different shapes of steel require different molds and tools. Therefore, in order to improve processing efficiency, the molds and tools are now used in a wide range of processing, such as Figure 2 As shown, one mold can adapt to multiple shapes of the same type. Then, at the moment of shearing, the steel section is sheared, squeezed and bent. However, due to the thick thickness of the steel section and the large springback, the two sides of the steel section are not firmly fixed during shearing, and the space between the mold and the tool is larger than the size of the steel section itself, resulting in the product springback, flatness and burrs not meeting the standard requirements.

[0007] On this basis, the present invention provides a rail vehicle body cold-bent steel arc processing and forming process to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a cold-bent steel arc processing and forming process for a rail vehicle body. The present invention effectively solves the technical problem that the shear surface rebound, flatness and burrs of the roof side beams and the roof side top panels do not meet the standard requirements.

[0009] A cold-bent steel arc forming process for a rail vehicle body, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Check the process equipment and molds before starting work; Confirm the size of the steel raw materials used; Confirm that the drawings used are correct and the process documents are valid; S2. Specify the striping specifications according to the drawings in S1; S3. Select the mold, package the tool and install it, place the laser scanner at the front end of the whole machine, set the parameters of steel sections of different sizes and shapes in the main machine in advance, and the laser scanner matches the corresponding parameters in the main machine according to the scanned steel section or manually selects the corresponding parameters; S4. The steel section passes through the uncoiling mechanism, leveling mechanism, stamping mechanism, rolling mechanism, welding mechanism, and shearing mechanism in sequence; S5. When the steel enters the shearing mechanism, it passes through the front mold, the front pre-tightening mechanism, the front fixing mechanism, the cutter, the rear fixing mechanism, the rear pre-tightening mechanism, and the rear mold in sequence; S6. When the steel enters the shearing mechanism and reaches the set length, the front pre-tightening mechanism and the rear pre-tightening mechanism are inflated to tighten the steel, the front fixing mechanism and the rear fixing mechanism fix the steel, and preheat the steel for a short time, the cutter hydraulically shears the steel, and grinds and cools the shear surface of the steel; S7. Complete the processing of steel sections.

[0010] Preferably, in step S5 or S6, mold holes are provided on the front mold, the front pre-tightening mechanism, the front fixing mechanism, the tool, the rear fixing mechanism, the rear pre-tightening mechanism, and the rear mold.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of unidirectional or bidirectional hydraulic telescopic rods are installed inside the front fixing mechanism and the rear fixing mechanism in step S5 or S6, and the hydraulic telescopic rods are connected to the mold holes. The hydraulic telescopic rods are extended and retracted according to the parameters set in step S3. When the corresponding parameters are matched, after the steel section moves to the length set by the shearing mechanism and stops, the hydraulic telescopic rods corresponding to the parameters are extended into the mold holes to extrude and fix the steel section.

[0012] Preferably, a PTC heating plate is fixed to the end of the hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0013] Preferably, the front pre-tensioning mechanism and the rear pre-tensioning mechanism in step S5 or S6 are built into an air intake pipe. After the steel section moves to the set length of the shearing mechanism and stops, the air intake pipe is inflated through the solenoid valve on the air intake pipe by an external air pump, so that the front pre-tensioning mechanism and the rear pre-tensioning mechanism expand, thereby reducing the space in the mold hole for extruding the steel section and fixing it, thereby achieving pre-compression. When the shearing is completed, the air is deflated through the solenoid valve at the other end of the air intake pipe to restore it to its original state.

[0014] Preferably, in step S5 or S6, a side surface of the cutter is provided with a grinding strip and a cooling air hole, and the steel section is cooled by the cold air from the cooling air hole and ground by the grinding strip when shearing.

[0015] Preferably, the front mold, the front pre-tightening mechanism, the front fixing mechanism, the tool, the rear fixing mechanism, the rear pre-tightening mechanism, and the rear mold are installed in a shearing bin, a replacement hole is provided at the upper end of the shearing bin, a two-way cylinder is tilted and rotatably installed at the upper end of the shearing bin, the two-way cylinder is connected to a worm wheel via a rotating shaft, the worm wheel is meshed with a worm, and the worm is connected to an adjusting motor; The double-stroke cylinder is fixed with a tool seat, the tool is installed in the tool seat, and a guide hole is opened at the lower end of the tool seat; An adjusting cylinder is installed obliquely in the shearing bin, and a guide rod corresponding to the guide hole is fixed to the adjusting cylinder via an adjusting bracket. A hydraulic buffer rod is fixed to the end of the guide rod, and a buffer spring is provided on the end of the hydraulic buffer rod. An infrared transmitter is installed on the adjusting bracket, and a corresponding infrared receiver is installed at the lower end of the tool seat.

[0016] Preferably, an adjusting screw with opposite threads is rotatably installed at the bottom of the shearing bin, and the threads on the adjusting screw match two corresponding adjusting sliders. The two sides of the adjusting slider are connected to the two sides of the front fixing mechanism and the rear fixing mechanism through connecting rods, and the front pre-tensioning mechanism, the rear pre-tensioning mechanism, the front fixing mechanism, and the rear fixing mechanism are penetrated by positioning rods fixed in the shearing bin.

[0017] Preferably, an adjustment base is fixed at both ends of the shearing bin, an adjustment screw is rotatably mounted on the adjustment base, and an adjustment guide rod is fixed at both ends of the adjustment base, and an adjustment slider slides on the adjustment guide rod.

[0018] Preferably, shear plates are detachably installed at both ends of the shearing bin, the front mold and the rear mold are installed on the shear plates, the positioning rods are fixed on the front mold and the rear mold, the front pre-tensioning mechanism and the rear pre-tensioning mechanism are sleeved on the positioning rods, and the front fixing mechanism and the rear fixing mechanism slide on the positioning rods.

[0019] The present invention has the following technical effects.

[0020] 1. The process improvement of the present invention mainly involves shearing. The original steel section passes through the mold and is sheared by the tool. However, since the steel section is in an active state during shearing, the size of the steel section is smaller than the mold hole, and the thickness of the steel section is thick, the bending deformation of the steel section is large during shearing, and the springback is large. The present invention pre-tightens the steel section in advance by adding a front pre-tightening mechanism and a rear pre-tightening mechanism, and fixes and locks the steel section through a front fixing mechanism and a rear fixing mechanism, and preheats the shear surface range during shearing to achieve rapid shearing and reduce yield strength. The shear surface is ground while shearing to reduce flash and burrs, and the steel section is cooled at the same time to meet standard requirements.

[0021] 2. The present invention improves the existing fully manual tool replacement into automatic tool replacement, thereby improving the efficiency of tool replacement. At the same time, it makes the tool smoother without affecting the normal use of the tool, maintains the stability of the tool during operation, and reduces the vibration of the tool during shearing.

[0022] 3. The present invention realizes position adjustment of the front fixing mechanism and the fixing mechanism through a bidirectional threaded adjusting screw rod, which can meet the requirements of different steel sections and control the rebound amount when the steel section is sheared. At the same time, it can also achieve replacement of the tool without affecting the tool. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 The figure is an overall flow chart of the process of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main equipment corresponding to the process of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the mold hole types in the process of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the shearing mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shearing mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional perspective schematic diagram of the shearing mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a partial enlarged stereoscopic diagram of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0030] Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged stereoscopic diagram of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a partial enlarged stereoscopic diagram of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0032] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the front pretensioning mechanism or the rear pretensioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the front fixing mechanism or the rear pre-tightening mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals: 1-rolling mechanism; 2-shearing mechanism; 3-front mold; 4-front pre-tightening mechanism; 5-front fixing mechanism; 6-tool; 7-rear fixing mechanism; 8-rear pre-tightening mechanism; 9-rear mold; 10-mold hole; 11-hydraulic telescopic rod; 12-PTC heating plate; 13-air inlet duct; 14-frosting strip; 15-cold air hole; 16-shearing chamber; 17-replacement hole; 18-two-way cylinder; 19-worm gear; 20-worm; 21-adjusting motor; 22-tool seat; 23-adjusting cylinder; 24-adjusting bracket; 25-guide rod; 26-hydraulic buffer rod; 27-buffer spring; 28-infrared emitter; 29-adjusting screw; 30-adjusting slider; 31-connecting rod; 32-positioning rod; 33-adjusting base; 34-adjusting guide rod; 35-shearing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached Figures 1 to 11 The details of the embodiments will be clearly presented. The contents mentioned in the following embodiments are all based on the drawings in the specification.

[0036] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] The research direction of the present invention is to improve the existing process of "cutting first and punching later" to "punching first and cutting later", and the tool is improved from flying saw to hydraulic shear, and the hydraulic tool is improved from unwrapped to wrapped tool. This is a more advanced process on the market now, all of which are to improve the quality of steel products, reduce burrs, reduce curvature, tolerance and flatness as much as possible. Since the present invention develops roof side beams and roof side top plate steel products, the standard requirements are relatively high, and the above problems still exist in production, so it is necessary to improve it in the current process to achieve high-efficiency product quality.

[0038] More detailed requirements for roof side beams and roof side panel steel products are: 1. Good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy.

[0039] 2. Better shear surface flatness, no wave shape.

[0040] 3. No opening is allowed on the shear surface.

[0041] 4. No cracks are allowed in the arc fillet after PT (penetration) testing.

[0042] 5. The qualified rate of incision quality is over 98%, without burrs.

[0043] The present invention is a process for arc-shaped cold-bent steel for a rail vehicle body, comprising the following steps: S1. Check the process equipment and molds before starting work to ensure that they are in effective use status and the whole machine is clean and tidy. Select the appropriate mold according to the shape of the processed steel. The subsequent installation position is on the shear mechanism 2 of the whole machine. The operating environment temperature is -40℃-+40℃, and the maximum relative humidity is ≤95%.

[0044] Confirm the size of the steel raw materials used and that the surface quality meets the technical requirements. Select the size of the material to be processed. If the material size does not match, it needs to be cut in advance.

[0045] Confirm that the drawings used are correct, the process documents are valid, the information is complete, be familiar with the operating requirements, be familiar with the drawings of the processed steel products in advance, confirm the dimensions of the processed products, be familiar with the operating specifications of the whole machine, and set and select the parameters of the processed products in advance on the main machine.

[0046] S2. Specify the stripping specifications according to the drawing in S1, inspect the appearance for scratches, bumps, etc., and inspect the stripping dimensions to see if they are qualified.

[0047] S3. Select the mold and package tool that match the size and shape of the processed steel, and place a laser scanner at the front end of the whole machine to scan the size and shape of the steel. Set the parameters of steels of different sizes and shapes in the main machine in advance. The laser scanner matches the corresponding parameters in the main machine according to the scanned steel or manually selects the corresponding parameters. The selected mold and wrapping tool are installed on the shearing mechanism 2. The mold is used to pass through the corresponding steel size and shape during processing. The wrapping tool is used to shear the steel after it passes through the tool 6. The whole machine refers to the collective name of all mechanisms passed during cold bending. A laser scanner is installed at the front end of the whole. It can also be other sensors with scanning and recognition. Its purpose is to identify the size and shape of the processed steel and send a signal to the host of the whole machine. The host is equivalent to the control system used for operation. The corresponding parameters of steels of different specifications, sizes and shapes are compiled in advance in the control system. After the laser scanner finishes scanning, it sends a signal to the host. The host identifies the corresponding set parameters, which are the working basis for subsequent mechanism operations.

[0048] S4. The steel section passes through the uncoiling mechanism, the leveling mechanism, the stamping mechanism, the rolling mechanism 1, the welding mechanism, and the shearing mechanism 2 in sequence; these mechanisms are branches of the whole machine, and the present invention mainly studies the shearing mechanism 2.

[0049] S5. When the steel section enters the shearing mechanism 2, it passes through the front mold 3, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4, the front fixing mechanism 5, the tool 6, the rear fixing mechanism 7, the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8, and the rear mold 9 in sequence. The front and rear mentioned here refer to the front that the steel section contacts first and the rear that contacts later. The front mold 3, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4, the front fixing mechanism 5, the tool 6, the rear fixing mechanism 7, the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8, and the rear mold 9 are installed in sequence from front to back in the shearing mechanism 2. Among them, the front mold 3 and the rear mold 9 have the same structure, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8 have the same structure, and the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 have the same structure, and mold holes 10 for the steel section to pass through are opened on them.

[0050] S6. When the steel enters the shearing mechanism 2 and reaches the set length, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8 are inflated to tighten the steel, the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 fix the steel and preheat the steel for a short time, the tool 6 hydraulically shears the steel, and grinds and cools the shear surface of the steel. The front pre-tightening mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8 are made of silicone material and can withstand a temperature of 250°C. They are used to tighten the steel to prevent large deformation of the steel during shearing. The front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 are used to fix the steel during shearing. Since the width and size of the die hole 10 are larger than the size and shape of the steel section, the steel section is prevented from shaking and having a large bending degree during shearing, and is used to fix the steel section. At the same time, a preheating device is arranged in the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7, and the preheating temperature is 150°C. The steel section is locally preheated to 150°C to reduce the yield strength of the steel section and accelerate the shearing. The tool 6 shears the steel section. The tool 6 is a wrapped tool. After shearing, the shearing surface of the steel section is ground immediately to reduce burrs, and cold air is sprayed into the steel section immediately to cool it down and suppress rebound.

[0051] S7. Complete the processing of the steel section and inspect the product after processing.

[0052] As an embodiment, during processing, a mold hole 10 is provided on the front mold 3, the front preload mechanism 4, the front fixing mechanism 5, the tool 6, the rear fixing mechanism 7, the rear preload mechanism 8, and the rear mold 9 in the above-mentioned step S5 or S6. The mold hole 10 is used for the steel section to pass through, but the size of the mold hole 10 is larger than the size of the steel section.

[0053] As an embodiment, a plurality of unidirectional or bidirectional hydraulic telescopic rods 11 are installed inside the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 in step S5 or S6. The hydraulic telescopic rods 11 are retracted and extended by pneumatic, oil pressure or electric control, such as Enerpac SMC-50 micro hydraulic cylinder or Holley HL-MHG20. Because the main function at this time is to fix the steel section in the mold hole 10, the required stroke is ≤5cm. The hydraulic telescopic rods 11 are installed inside the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7, which are connected to the mold hole 10, so that the hydraulic telescopic rods 11 can penetrate into the mold hole 10 to extrude the steel section. After the laser scanner scans the size and shape of the steel section, it sends a signal to the parameters set in advance in the host, and sends a signal to the hydraulic telescopic rods 11. The hydraulic telescopic rods 11 are retracted and extended according to the parameters set in step S3. After the corresponding parameters are matched, after the steel section moves to the set length of the shearing mechanism 2 and stops (this is the prior art), the hydraulic telescopic rods 11 corresponding to the parameters are extended into the mold hole 10 to extrude and fix the steel section.

[0054] As an embodiment, a PTC heating plate 12 is fixed at the end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 11. The PTC heating plate 12 is controlled by electric heating. For example, the model Heraeus PTC HTF-200X can be instantly heated to 150°C within 0.5 seconds. Since the steel section is fixed and heated at multiple positions at the same time, and the heat conductivity of the steel section is very good, and the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 are close to the tool 6 but not in contact, they can conduct heat in a short time to reduce the yield strength of the steel section and accelerate shearing. The steel section is cooled in time after a short preheating, which does not affect the strength of the steel section itself.

[0055] As an embodiment, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8 in step S5 or S6 are built in an air intake pipe 13. The material of the front pre-tightening mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8 is hard silicone material, which is resistant to high temperature of 250°C. A pressure gauge, an air intake pipe, and a solenoid valve are installed on the air intake pipe 13. The solenoid valve is used for air intake and air discharge. After the steel section moves to the set length of the shearing mechanism 2 and stops, the external air pump inflates the air intake pipe 13 through the solenoid valve on the air intake pipe 13 according to the set parameters, and stops when the set pressure value is reached, so that the front pre-tightening mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8 expand, thereby reducing the mold. The space in hole 10 is used to extrude the steel section and fix it, thereby achieving pre-tightening. After the shearing is completed, the air is released through the solenoid valve at the other end of the air inlet pipe 13, and the pressure stops when the pressure value returns to the initial pressure. It should be noted that at the initial pressure, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8 are not in a deflated state, but in a semi-full state, which satisfies the steel section passing through the die hole 10. Since the processing speed of the steel section itself is relatively slow, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4, the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8, the front fixing mechanism 5, and the rear fixing mechanism 7 are all operated synchronously with the shearing of the tool 6, and therefore, will not affect the production efficiency of the steel section processing.

[0056] It should be noted that the air pump, pressure gauge, and solenoid valve are connected to the host.

[0057] As an embodiment, in step S5 or S6, two frosting strips 14 and cooling holes 15 are installed on one side of the tool 6, the cooling hole 15 is placed between the two frosting strips 14, and one frosting strip 14 is placed between the mold holes 10, and one frosting strip 14 is placed outside the mold hole 10. The frosting strip 14 is embedded in the tool 6, and the steel section is cooled by the cold air from the cooling hole 15 and ground by the frosting strip 14 when shearing.

[0058] It should be noted that the tool 6 is a wrapped tool. The blade of the wrapped tool is at the edge of the mold hole 10. The blade at the mold hole 10 mainly plays a shearing role, and the area of ​​the entire tool 6 is relatively large. Therefore, the cooling hole 15 and the frosting strip 14 will not affect the wrapped tool. When shearing, the tool 6 shears the steel section at the moment, and the frosting strip 14 grinds the cut surface of the steel section to reduce burrs. At the same time, the cooling hole 15 is connected to the external pump power and cooling gas, such as nitrogen, through a hose. At the same time, another frosting strip 14 grinds the shear surface to reduce the existence of burrs and flash.

[0059] As an embodiment, the shearing mechanism 2 includes a shearing bin 16, a front mold 3, a front pre-tightening mechanism 4, a front fixing mechanism 5, a tool 6, a rear fixing mechanism 7, a rear pre-tightening mechanism 8, and a rear mold 9 are sequentially installed in the shearing bin 16 from front to back, a replacement hole 17 is opened at the upper end of the shearing bin 16, a two-way cylinder 18 is tilted and rotatably installed on the upper end of the shearing bin 16, and the two-way cylinder 18 is connected to an air source. Specifically, a support plate is fixed via a support, and the two-way cylinder 18 is placed between the two support plates. A rotating shaft is fixed on both sides of the middle of the two-way cylinder 18 via a bottom film, and the rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the support plate. One of the rotating shafts passes through the support plate and a fixed sleeve is provided with a worm gear 19, and the worm gear 19 is meshed with a worm 20, and the worm 20 is connected to an adjusting motor 2 1. The adjusting motor 21 is connected to the power supply, the two-way cylinder 18 is fixed with a tool seat 22, the tool 6 is installed in the tool seat 22, and two guide holes are provided at the lower end of the inclined surface of the tool seat 22. The adjusting cylinder 23 is obliquely installed at the bottom of the shearing chamber 16, and the adjusting cylinder 23 is connected to the air source. The adjusting cylinder 23 is fixed with a guide rod 25 corresponding to the guide hole through the adjusting bracket 24, and the guide rod 25 can enter the guide hole for limiting. The end of the guide rod 25 is fixed with a hydraulic buffer rod 26, and the end of the hydraulic buffer rod 26 is provided with a buffer spring 27. An infrared transmitter 28 is installed on the adjusting bracket 24, and the infrared transmitter 28 is connected to the controller and the power supply. A mounting hole is provided at the lower end of the tool seat 22, and a corresponding infrared receiver is installed in the mounting hole.

[0060] As the cutter 6 is continuously sheared, the cutter 6 needs to be replaced regularly. The current cutters 6 all need to be replaced manually. The steel cutter 6 is different from the round head cutter of the lathe and can be replaced by an intermittent mechanism. When the cutter 6 is sheared and replaced, the cutter seat 22 and the cutter 6 can be installed at the other end of the double-stroke cylinder 18 in advance before replacement. When the cutter 6 needs to be replaced, the machine is stopped first, and the adjustment cylinder 23 is adjusted to pull the hydraulic buffer rod 26 and the guide rod 25 out of the guide hole, and the adjustment motor 21 is started. The adjustment motor 21 drives the worm 20 to rotate, and the worm 20 drives the worm wheel 1 9 rotates, the worm gear 19 drives the two-way cylinder 18 to rotate, the internal tool seat 22 and the tool 6 are rotated out from the replacement hole 17, and the newly installed tool seat 22 and the tool 6 enter the shearing chamber 16 from the replacement hole 17 on the other side. When the infrared transmitter 28 and the infrared receiver are matched, the adjusting motor 21 stops, and the replacement of the tool 6 is completed at this time, and the adjusting cylinder 23 is started. The adjusting cylinder 23 drives the guide rod 25, the hydraulic buffer rod 26, and the buffer spring 27 to enter the guide hole to ensure the sliding stability of the tool 6 during shearing and reduce the unevenness of the shearing surface caused by vibration.

[0061] As an embodiment, an adjusting screw 29 with threads on both sides and opposite threads is rotatably installed at the bottom of the shearing bin 16. Specifically, an adjusting base 33 is fixed at both ends of the bottom of the shearing bin 16, and the adjusting screw 29 is rotatably installed on the adjusting base 33. The adjusting screw 29 does not affect the normal operation of the tool 6. Adjustment guide rods 34 are fixed at both ends of the adjusting base 33. There are two adjusting sliders 30 corresponding to the threads on the adjusting screw 29. The adjusting slider 30 slides on the adjusting guide rod 34. Both sides of the adjusting slider 30 are connected to both sides of the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 through the connecting rod 31. One end of the adjusting screw 29 passes through the shearing bin 16 and is rotated manually or by connecting to a motor. The front pre-tightening mechanism 4, the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8, the front fixing mechanism 5, and the rear fixing mechanism 7 are penetrated by a positioning rod 32 fixed on the shearing bin 16.

[0062] As an embodiment, the interior of the shearing bin 16 is a cavity, and shearing plates 35 are removably installed at both ends. The shearing plates 35 are provided with mounting holes, and the front mold 3 and the rear mold 9 are installed in the mounting holes. The adjusting guide rod 34 is removably installed on the front mold 3 and the rear mold 9, the front pre-tensioning mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tensioning mechanism 8 are sleeved on the adjusting guide rod 34, and the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 slide on the adjusting guide rod 34.

[0063] Overall process flow: S1. Check the process equipment and molds before starting work to ensure they are in effective use; Confirm that the size of the steel raw materials used and the surface quality meet the technical requirements; Confirm that the drawings used are correct, the process documents are valid, the information is complete, and that you are familiar with the operating requirements.

[0064] S2. Specify the striping specifications according to the drawing in S1.

[0065] S3. Select the mold and package tool that match the size and shape of the processed steel, and place a laser scanner at the front end of the machine to scan the size and shape of the steel. Set the parameters of steels of different sizes and shapes in the main machine in advance. The laser scanner matches the corresponding parameters in the main machine according to the scanned steel or manually selects the corresponding parameters.

[0066] S4. The steel section passes through the uncoiling mechanism, leveling mechanism, stamping mechanism, rolling mechanism 1, welding mechanism, and shearing mechanism 2 in sequence.

[0067] S5. When the steel enters the shearing mechanism 2, it passes through the front mold 3, the front pre-tightening mechanism 4, the front fixing mechanism 5, the cutter 6, the rear fixing mechanism 7, the rear pre-tightening mechanism 8, and the rear mold 9 in sequence.

[0068] S6. When the steel section enters the shearing mechanism 2 and reaches the set length, the whole machine stops running.

[0069] The front pre-tensioning mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tensioning mechanism 8 quickly inflate the intake duct 13 in the front pre-tensioning mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tensioning mechanism 8 according to the corresponding pressure values ​​of the matching parameters through the intake pipe and the solenoid valve, so that the front pre-tensioning mechanism 4 and the rear pre-tensioning mechanism 8 expand rapidly to pre-tighten the steel package.

[0070] At the same time, the hydraulic telescopic rods 11 in the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 only extend and retract the set hydraulic telescopic rods 11 according to the matching parameters. The hydraulic telescopic rods 11 fix multiple local positions of the steel section and lock and fix both sides of the steel section.

[0071] At the same time, the PTC heating plates preheat 12 pairs of steel sections at multiple positions, making it convenient for the cutters to quickly cut 6 pairs of steel sections.

[0072] The double-stroke cylinder 18 drives the tool holder 22 and the wrapping tool to quickly cut the steel section. While cutting, the grinding strip 14 grinds the shear surface to reduce flash and burrs, and the cooling hole 15 quickly cools the steel section.

[0073] When the tool holder 22 moves, it is limited by the guide hole and the guide rod 25 to ensure the stability of the tool holder 22 during shearing. At the same time, the buffer spring 27 and the hydraulic buffer rod 26 are used for shock absorption to reduce the vibration of the tool holder 22 during cutting.

[0074] S7. Complete the processing of steel sections.

[0075] S8. During shearing, the closer the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 of the steel section are to the shearing surface of the steel section, the smaller the springback will be. However, different steel section sizes have different requirements. At the same time, in order to ensure that the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 do not affect the rotation of the tool seat 22 when the tool 6 is replaced, the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 need to be adjusted.

[0076] During adjustment, the adjusting screw 29 is driven to rotate manually or by an electric motor, and the adjusting screw 29 drives the adjusting slider 30 to move away from or closer to the adjusting screw 29 at the same time, and the adjusting screw 29 drives the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7 to move away from or closer to the adjusting guide rod 34 through the connecting rod 31, thereby realizing the adjustment of the front fixing mechanism 5 and the rear fixing mechanism 7.

[0077] S9. When the tool 6 needs to be replaced, the tool seat 22 and the wrapped tool are installed on the outside of the two-way cylinder 18 in advance. Then after stopping the machine, the motor 21 is adjusted to drive the worm 20 to rotate, the worm 20 drives the worm wheel 19 to rotate, the worm wheel 19 drives the two-way cylinder 18 to rotate, and the two-way cylinder 18 drives the tool seat 22 to rotate out of the replacement hole 17. At the same time, the newly replaced tool 6 enters the shearing chamber 16 through the replacement hole 17. When the infrared transmitter 28 and the infrared receiver match, the switching of the tool 6 is completed.

[0078] The present invention has the following technical effects.

[0079] 1. The process improvement of the present invention mainly involves shearing. The original steel section passes through the mold and is sheared by the tool. However, since the steel section is in an active state during shearing, the size of the steel section is smaller than the mold hole, and the thickness of the steel section is thick, the bending deformation of the steel section is large during shearing, and the springback is large. The present invention pre-tightens the steel section in advance by adding a front pre-tightening mechanism and a rear pre-tightening mechanism, and fixes and locks the steel section through a front fixing mechanism and a rear fixing mechanism, and preheats the shear surface range during shearing to achieve rapid shearing and reduce yield strength. The shear surface is ground while shearing to reduce flash and burrs, and the steel section is cooled at the same time to meet standard requirements.

[0080] 2. The present invention improves the existing fully manual tool replacement into automatic tool replacement, thereby improving the efficiency of tool replacement. At the same time, it makes the tool smoother without affecting the normal use of the tool, maintains the stability of the tool during operation, and reduces the vibration of the tool during shearing.

[0081] 3. The present invention realizes position adjustment of the front fixing mechanism and the fixing mechanism through a bidirectional threaded adjusting screw rod, which can meet the requirements of different steel sections and control the rebound amount when the steel section is sheared. At the same time, it can also achieve replacement of the tool without affecting the tool.

[0082] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as limiting the present invention. After reading the above content, various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A process for arc-shaped cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Check the process equipment and molds before starting work; Confirm the size of the steel raw materials used; Confirm that the drawings used are correct and the process documents are valid; S2. Specify the striping specifications according to the drawings in S1; S3. Select the mold, package the tool and install it, place the laser scanner at the front end of the whole machine, set the parameters of steel sections of different sizes and shapes in the main machine in advance, and the laser scanner matches the corresponding parameters in the main machine according to the scanned steel section or manually selects the corresponding parameters; S4. The steel section passes through the unwinding mechanism, the leveling mechanism, the stamping mechanism, the rolling mechanism (1), the welding mechanism, and the shearing mechanism (2) in sequence; S5. When the steel section enters the shearing mechanism (2), it passes through the front mold (3), the front pre-tightening mechanism (4), the front fixing mechanism (5), the cutter (6), the rear fixing mechanism (7), the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8), and the rear mold (9) in sequence; S6. When the steel section enters the shearing mechanism (2) and reaches the set length, the front pre-tightening mechanism (4) and the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8) are inflated to tighten the steel section, the front fixing mechanism (5) and the rear fixing mechanism (7) fix the steel section and preheat the steel section for a short time, the cutter (6) hydraulically shears the steel section, and grinds and cools the sheared surface of the steel section; S7. Complete the processing of steel sections.

2. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5 or S6, the front mold (3), the front pre-tightening mechanism (4), the front fixing mechanism (5), the tool (6), the rear fixing mechanism (7), the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8), and the rear mold (9) are all provided with mold holes (10).

3. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front fixing mechanism (5) and the rear fixing mechanism (7) in step S5 or S6 are internally installed with a plurality of unidirectional or bidirectional hydraulic telescopic rods (11), the hydraulic telescopic rods (11) being connected to the die hole (10), the hydraulic telescopic rods (11) being telescoped according to the parameters set in step S3, and when the corresponding parameters are matched, after the steel section moves to the set length of the shearing mechanism (2) and stops, the hydraulic telescopic rods (11) corresponding to the parameters are extended into the die hole (10) to extrude and fix the steel section.

4. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A PTC heating plate (12) is fixed to the end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (11).

5. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front pre-tightening mechanism (4) and the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8) in step S5 or S6 are built in an air intake pipe (13). After the steel section moves to the set length of the shearing mechanism (2) and stops, the air intake pipe (13) is inflated through the solenoid valve on the air intake pipe (13) by an external air pump, so that the front pre-tightening mechanism (4) and the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8) expand, thereby reducing the space of the die hole (10) for extruding and fixing the steel section, thereby achieving pre-tightening. When the shearing is completed, the air is released through the solenoid valve at the other end of the air intake pipe (13) to restore to the original state.

6. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5 or S6, a side surface of the cutter (6) is provided with a grinding strip (14) and a cooling air hole (15), and when the steel section is sheared, it is cooled by the cooling air from the cooling air hole (15) and ground by the grinding strip (14).

7. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front mold (3), the front pre-tightening mechanism (4), the front fixing mechanism (5), the cutter (6), the rear fixing mechanism (7), the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8), and the rear mold (9) are installed in a shearing chamber (16); a replacement hole (17) is provided at the upper end of the shearing chamber (16); a two-way cylinder (18) is installed at the upper end of the shearing chamber (16) in an inclined and rotatable manner; the two-way cylinder (18) is connected to a worm gear (19) via a rotating shaft; the worm gear (19) is meshed with a worm (20); and the worm gear (20) is connected to an adjusting motor (21); A tool seat (22) is fixed to the double-stroke cylinder (18), a tool (6) is installed in the tool seat (22), and a guide hole is formed at the lower end of the tool seat (22); An adjusting cylinder (23) is obliquely installed in the shearing bin (16); a guide rod (25) corresponding to the guide hole is fixed to the adjusting cylinder (23) via an adjusting bracket (24); a hydraulic buffer rod (26) is fixed to the end of the guide rod (25); a buffer spring (27) is sleeved on the end of the hydraulic buffer rod (26); an infrared transmitter (28) is installed on the adjusting bracket (24); and a corresponding infrared receiver is installed at the lower end of the tool seat (22).

8. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 7, characterized in that: An adjusting screw (29) with opposite threads is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the shearing bin (16); the threads on the adjusting screw (29) match the two corresponding adjusting sliders (30); the two sides of the adjusting slider (30) are connected to the two sides of the front fixing mechanism (5) and the rear fixing mechanism (7) via connecting rods (31); and the front pre-tightening mechanism (4), the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8), the front fixing mechanism (5), and the rear fixing mechanism (7) are penetrated by positioning rods (32) fixed in the shearing bin (16).

9. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 8, characterized in that: An adjustment base (33) is fixed at both ends of the shearing bin (16), an adjustment screw rod (29) is rotatably mounted on the adjustment base (33), an adjustment guide rod (34) is fixed at both ends of the adjustment base (33), and an adjustment slider (30) slides on the adjustment guide rod (34).

10. The arc-shaped processing and forming process of cold-bent steel for rail vehicle body according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shearing chamber (16) has shearing plates (35) detachably mounted at both ends, the front mold (3) and the rear mold (9) are mounted on the shearing plates (35), the positioning rod (32) is fixed on the front mold (3) and the rear mold (9), the front pre-tightening mechanism (4) and the rear pre-tightening mechanism (8) are sleeved on the positioning rod (32), and the front fixing mechanism (5) and the rear fixing mechanism (7) slide on the positioning rod (32).

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