A vortex air inner cooling inner lubricating grinding wheel

Abstract

The application discloses a vortex air internal cooling and internal lubricating grinding wheel, which comprises a hot shaft assembly, a rotating seat assembly, a rotating main shaft, a fan-shaped nozzle, a grinding wheel mounting disc assembly and a grinding wheel disc; the rotating seat assembly is sequentially sleeved into the rotating main shaft; the hot shaft in the hot shaft assembly and the grinding wheel mounting disc in the fan-shaped nozzle and the grinding wheel mounting disc assembly are sequentially connected with the rotating main shaft through threads; and the grinding wheel disc is fastened with the grinding wheel mounting disc through bolts. During machining, compressed air is introduced into one side of the grinding wheel, high-speed airflow passes through the internal vortex pipeline structure, vortexes are generated, and cold and hot airflow is separated, and the cold airflow is separated to the side of the grinding wheel disc. Meanwhile, lubricating liquid is introduced into the other side of the grinding wheel, the cold airflow and the lubricating liquid meet, pass through the fan-shaped nozzle into the cavity of the grinding wheel disc, and then flow out of the grinding wheel holes to cool and lubricate the grinding area. The grinding force and grinding heat during grinding are effectively reduced, the production cost is reduced, the grinding quality is improved, and green machining is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision grinding technology, specifically to a vortex air-cooled and internally lubricated grinding wheel. Background Technology

[0002] Grinding with grinding wheels, as a highly efficient and precise material removal method, is widely used in the machining of parts requiring high precision and surface quality, such as in machinery manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, and medical devices. During grinding, a large amount of grinding heat and enormous grinding force are generated in the grinding zone between the grinding wheel and the workpiece. If heat dissipation and lubrication are not timely provided, defects such as burns and cracks will occur on the workpiece surface, severely affecting the workpiece's machining quality. Traditional cooling and lubrication methods typically use grinding coolant; however, due to the airflow layer generated around the rotating grinding wheel, it is difficult for the grinding coolant to enter the grinding zone, thus hindering effective cooling and lubrication.

[0003] Currently, scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive research on internally cooled grinding. Compared to externally cast cooling methods, internally cooled grinding features the characteristic of directly spraying coolant from inside the grinding wheel through coolant channels on the wheel body to the grinding zone. This effectively avoids the influence of the airflow layer generated around the rotating grinding wheel, thus significantly reducing grinding temperature and preventing or reducing thermal damage to the workpiece surface. However, traditional internally cooled grinding wheels, such as those using only nanofluid coolant, rely more on single-function internal cooling and do not effectively combine it with internal lubrication. Although composite cooling and lubrication solutions have been developed, their overall effect is not as good as that of independent cooling and independent lubrication, and they also cause some environmental pollution. Furthermore, traditional internally cooled grinding wheels generally use internal casting cooling, resulting in a large amount of coolant flowing out and wasting it. In addition, traditional internally cooled grinding wheels cannot be directly circulated with low-temperature liquid nitrogen and low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide, as this easily causes the pipes to freeze, which also limits their use. Some researchers have also used built-in heat pipe structures for cooling and external casting lubrication, but they have not considered the role of internal lubrication. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a vortex-air-cooled, internally lubricated grinding wheel. Based on Bernoulli's principle and the conservation of angular momentum, during rotary machining, compressed air is introduced into the air inlet. The high-speed airflow passes through the internal vortex pipe structure, generating an air vortex inside the hot shaft, separating into hot and cold air streams. The hot air stream separates towards the hot shaft side, flowing out through the circular air hole and hot hole of the conical valve, while the cold air stream separates towards the grinding wheel side, entering the cold flow channel inside the rotating spindle through the cold air holes on the separation plate. The temperature range of the cold air stream can reach 0 to -46°C. Simultaneously, lubricating fluid is introduced into the liquid inlet. The cold air and lubricating fluid converge in the cold flow channel, entering the grinding wheel chamber through a fan-shaped nozzle, and then flowing out through the grinding wheel hole to cool and lubricate the grinding zone. This effectively reduces the grinding force and grinding heat in the grinding zone during grinding, lowers production costs, improves grinding quality, and achieves green machining.

[0005] Includes a hot shaft assembly, a rotating seat assembly, a rotating spindle, a fan-shaped nozzle, a grinding wheel mounting plate assembly, and a grinding wheel disc;

[0006] The hot shaft assembly includes a conical valve, a conical valve sealing ring, a hot shaft, a vortex chamber hot end sealing ring, a conical air pipe, a separation orifice plate, and a vortex chamber cold end sealing ring. The conical valve sealing ring is fitted into and installed at the lower end of the conical valve. The conical valve is connected to the upper end of the internal pipe of the hot shaft by a thread. The vortex chamber hot end sealing ring is installed in the sealing ring mounting groove of the hot shaft. The conical side of the conical air pipe is fitted into and installed in the inner hole at the lower end of the hot shaft. The separation orifice plate is placed in the vortex chamber of the rotating spindle. The cold end side of the separation orifice plate is fitted into and installed in the air outlet of the rotating spindle. The vortex side of the separation orifice plate is in close contact with the lower end of the conical air pipe. The vortex chamber cold end sealing ring is fitted into and installed on the cold end side of the separation orifice plate.

[0007] The rotary seat assembly includes a rotary seat, an upper bearing, a lower bearing, a snap ring, an upper sealing ring, a middle sealing ring, a lower sealing ring, an air inlet connector, and a liquid inlet connector. The rotary seat is heat-shrinkably mounted on the rotary spindle. The upper and lower bearings are respectively mounted in the bearing chambers at the upper and lower ends of the rotary seat, and the inner sides of the two bearings are heat-shrinkably mounted on the rotary spindle. The snap ring is installed in the snap ring groove of the rotary spindle to fix the axial movement of the upper bearing and the rotary seat. The upper, middle, and lower sealing rings are sequentially installed in the three sealing grooves of the rotary seat. The air inlet connector and the liquid inlet connector are respectively connected to the rotary seat through internal thread.

[0008] The fan-shaped nozzle is connected to the rotating main shaft by a thread;

[0009] The grinding wheel mounting disc assembly includes a grinding wheel mounting disc, a grinding wheel mounting disc sealing ring, and fastening bolts. The grinding wheel mounting disc is connected to the rotating spindle by threads. The grinding wheel mounting disc sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove of the grinding wheel mounting disc. The grinding wheel disc and the grinding wheel mounting disc are fastened by threads.

[0010] The rotating spindle, rotating seat assembly, and hot shaft assembly together form the internal vortex tube structure of the grinding wheel. The rotating spindle has an internal air intake channel, a cold flow channel, and a liquid inlet channel. The air intake channel and the liquid inlet channel are vertically connected to the cold flow channel. The rotating seat has an annular air intake channel and an annular liquid flow channel. The annular air intake channel is connected to the air intake channel, and the annular liquid flow channel is connected to the liquid inlet channel. After the rotating spindle and the hot shaft are installed, a vortex chamber is formed inside. The hot shaft has an internal hot flow channel. The outer circumference of the upper end of the hot shaft has evenly distributed heat dissipation holes for heat dissipation.

[0011] The conical valve has a conical valve hot hole inside, and three evenly distributed circular air holes are opened on the conical circumference of the conical valve. The conical valve hot hole is connected to the circular air holes. The conical valve can be replaced and the flow rate can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions, thereby controlling the temperature of the grinding wheel.

[0012] The separation plate has a swirl groove on one side and a cold air hole in the middle. When compressed air enters, it passes through the swirl groove and converts the chaotic air into vortex air, which is then pushed into the hot runner of the hot shaft.

[0013] The flow rate of the fan-shaped nozzle can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions and the cooling and lubrication effect of the grinding wheel;

[0014] The bottom of the grinding wheel has a liquid outlet hole, the size of which can be designed according to the actual working conditions to ensure that the coolant and lubricant do not accumulate in the grinding wheel.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the technical advantages of this invention are: during rotary grinding, the grinding wheel can achieve effective and stable internal air cooling and lubrication. During rotary machining, compressed air is introduced into the air inlet. The high-speed airflow passes through the internal vortex pipe structure, generating an air vortex inside the hot shaft, separating hot and cold airflows. The hot airflow separates towards the hot shaft side, flowing out through the circular air hole and hot hole of the conical valve, while the cold airflow separates towards the grinding wheel side, entering the cold flow channel inside the rotating spindle through the cold air holes on the separation plate. The temperature range of the cold airflow can reach 0 to -46℃. Simultaneously, lubricating fluid is introduced into the liquid inlet. The cold air and lubricating fluid converge in the cold flow channel, entering the grinding wheel chamber through a fan-shaped nozzle, and then flowing out through the grinding wheel hole to cool and lubricate the grinding area. This effectively reduces the grinding force and grinding heat in the grinding area during grinding, lowers production costs, improves grinding quality, and achieves green machining. This invention features a simple structure, easy assembly and disassembly, and low manufacturing cost. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is an exploded view according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is an isometric view according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3This is a left sectional view (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a left sectional view (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is an isometric view of the separation orifice plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the vortex air cooling and lubrication principle according to an embodiment of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the present invention includes a hot shaft assembly (1), a rotating seat assembly (2), a rotating spindle (3), a fan-shaped nozzle (4), a grinding wheel mounting plate assembly (5), and a grinding wheel disc (6).

[0024] The hot shaft assembly (1) includes a conical valve (11), a conical valve sealing ring (12), a hot shaft (13), a vortex chamber hot end sealing ring (14), a conical air pipe (15), a separation orifice plate (16), and a vortex chamber cold end sealing ring (17). The conical valve sealing ring (12) is fitted into and installed on the lower end of the conical valve (11). The conical valve (11) is connected to the upper end of the internal pipe of the hot shaft (13) by a thread. The vortex chamber hot end sealing ring (14) is installed on the hot shaft (13). The tapered side of the conical air pipe (15) is fitted into the inner hole at the lower end of the hot shaft (13) in the sealing ring mounting groove of 13). The separation plate (16) is placed in the vortex chamber of the rotating spindle (3). The cold end side of the separation plate (16) is fitted into the air outlet of the rotating spindle (3). The swirling side of the separation plate (16) is in close contact with the lower end air hole of the conical air pipe (15). The cold end sealing ring (17) of the vortex chamber is fitted into the cold end side of the separation plate (16).

[0025] The rotating seat assembly (2) includes a rotating seat (21), an upper bearing (22), a lower bearing (23), a snap ring (24), an upper sealing ring (25), a middle sealing ring (26), a lower sealing ring (27), a liquid inlet connector (28), and an air inlet connector (29). The rotating seat is heat-shrinkable and installed on the rotating spindle (3). The upper bearing (22) and the lower bearing (23) are respectively installed in the bearing chambers at the upper and lower ends of the rotating seat (21). At the same time, the inner heat-shrinkable sleeves of the two bearings are installed on the rotating spindle (3). The snap ring (24) is installed in the snap ring groove of the rotating spindle (3) to fix the axial movement of the upper bearing (22) and the rotating seat (21). The upper sealing ring (25), the middle sealing ring (26), and the lower sealing ring (27) are sequentially installed in the three sealing grooves of the rotating seat (21). The liquid inlet connector (28) and the air inlet connector (29) are respectively connected to the rotating seat (21) through the inner hole thread.

[0026] The fan-shaped nozzle (4) is connected to the rotating spindle (3) by a thread. The flow rate of the fan-shaped nozzle (4) can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions and the cooling and lubrication effect of the grinding wheel.

[0027] The grinding wheel mounting disc assembly (5) includes a grinding wheel mounting disc (51), a grinding wheel mounting disc sealing ring (52), and fastening bolts (53). The grinding wheel mounting disc (51) is connected to the rotating spindle (3) by threads. The grinding wheel mounting disc sealing ring (52) is installed in the sealing groove of the grinding wheel mounting disc (51). The grinding wheel disc (6) is fastened to the grinding wheel mounting disc (51) by threads.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the rotating spindle (3), the rotating seat assembly (2), and the hot shaft assembly (1) together constitute the internal vortex tube structure of the grinding wheel. The rotating spindle (3) has a built-in liquid inlet channel (312), an air inlet channel (313), and a cold flow channel (314). The air inlet channel (313) and the liquid inlet channel (312) are respectively vertically connected to the cold flow channel (314). The rotating seat (21) is provided with an annular airflow channel (211) and an annular liquid flow channel (212). The annular airflow channel (211) is connected to the air inlet channel (313), and the annular liquid flow channel (212) is connected to the liquid inlet channel (312). After the rotating spindle (3) and the hot shaft (13) are installed, a vortex chamber (311) is formed inside. The hot shaft (13) has a built-in hot flow channel (131). The outer circumference of the upper end of the hot shaft (13) is provided with evenly distributed heat dissipation holes (132) for heat dissipation.

[0029] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the conical valve (11) has a conical valve hot hole (111) inside. Three evenly distributed circular air holes (112) are opened on the conical circumference of the conical valve (11). The conical valve hot hole (111) is connected to the circular air holes (112). The conical valve (11) can be replaced and the flow rate can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions to control the temperature of the hot and cold ends of the grinding wheel.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the separation plate (16) has a swirling groove (161) on one side and a cold air hole (162) in the middle. When compressed air enters, it passes through the swirling groove (161) to convert the chaotic air into vortex air and pushes it into the hot flow channel (131) of the hot shaft (13).

[0031] The bottom of the grinding wheel (6) is provided with a liquid outlet hole (611). The size of the liquid outlet hole (611) can be designed according to the actual working conditions to ensure that the cooling lubricant does not accumulate in the grinding wheel (6).

[0032] like Figure 6 The diagram shown illustrates the principle of vortex air cooling and lubrication in an embodiment of the present invention. The principle is as follows: During rotary machining, compressed air is introduced into the air inlet. The high-speed airflow passes through the internal vortex pipe structure, generating an air vortex inside the hot shaft, separating into hot and cold air streams. The hot air stream separates towards the hot shaft side, flowing out through the circular air hole and the hot hole of the conical valve. The cold air stream separates towards the grinding wheel side, entering the cold flow channel inside the rotating spindle through the cold air holes on the separation plate. The temperature range of the cold air stream can reach 0 to -46°C. Simultaneously, lubricating fluid is introduced into the liquid inlet. The cold air and lubricating fluid converge in the cold flow channel, entering the grinding wheel chamber through a fan-shaped nozzle, and then flowing out through the grinding wheel hole to cool and lubricate the grinding area.

[0033] The combination of the rotary seat assembly (2) and the rotary spindle (3) in this invention can effectively achieve stable transmission of compressed air and lubricating fluid during the grinding wheel rotation process.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the specific embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the drawings should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vortex air-cooled, internally lubricated grinding wheel, characterized in that, include: The hot shaft assembly (1) includes a conical valve (11), a conical valve sealing ring (12), a hot shaft (13), a vortex chamber hot end sealing ring (14), a conical air pipe (15), a separation orifice plate (16), and a vortex chamber cold end sealing ring (17). The conical valve sealing ring (12) is mounted on the conical valve (11). The conical valve (11) is threaded to the hot shaft (13). The hot shaft (13) is threaded to the rotating spindle (3). The vortex chamber hot end sealing ring (14) is mounted on the hot shaft (15). The conical air pipe (15) is fitted into the sealing ring mounting groove of the hot shaft (13), the separation plate (16) is placed in the vortex chamber of the rotating spindle (3), one side of the separation plate (16) is installed on the rotating spindle (3), and the other side is in close contact with the lower end air hole of the conical air pipe (15). The cold end sealing ring (17) of the vortex chamber is installed on the separation plate (16), and the separation plate (16) has a vortex groove (161) on one side and a cold air hole (162) in the middle. The rotating seat assembly (2) includes a rotating seat (21), an upper bearing (22), a lower bearing (23), and a retaining ring (24). The rotating seat (21) is mounted on the rotating spindle (3). The upper bearing (22) and the lower bearing (23) are respectively placed in the bearing chambers at the upper and lower ends of the rotating seat (21) and are also mounted on the rotating spindle (3). The retaining ring (24) is installed in the retaining ring groove of the rotating spindle (3); A fan-shaped nozzle (4) is mounted on the rotating main shaft (3); The grinding wheel mounting disc assembly (5) includes a grinding wheel mounting disc (51), a grinding wheel mounting disc sealing ring (52), and fastening bolts (53). The grinding wheel mounting disc (51) is connected to the rotating spindle (3) by threads. The grinding wheel mounting disc sealing ring (52) is installed in the sealing groove of the grinding wheel mounting disc (51). The grinding wheel disc (6) is fastened to the grinding wheel mounting disc (51) by threads.

2. The vortex air-cooled internally lubricated grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating seat assembly (2) further includes an upper sealing ring (25), a middle sealing ring (26), a lower sealing ring (27), a liquid inlet connector (28), and an air inlet connector (29). The upper sealing ring (25), the middle sealing ring (26), and the lower sealing ring (27) are installed in the three sealing grooves of the rotating seat (21) in sequence. The liquid inlet connector (28) and the air inlet connector (29) are respectively connected to the rotating seat (21) by threads.

3. The vortex air-cooled internally lubricated grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating spindle (3) has a built-in liquid inlet channel (312), an air inlet channel (313), and a cold flow channel (314). The liquid inlet channel (312) and the air inlet channel (313) are vertically connected to the cold flow channel (314). The rotating seat (21) has an annular airflow channel (211) and an annular liquid flow channel (212). The annular airflow channel (211) is connected to the air inlet channel (313), and the annular liquid flow channel (212) is connected to the liquid inlet channel (312). After the rotating spindle (3) and the hot shaft (13) are installed, a vortex chamber (311) is formed inside. The hot shaft (13) has a built-in hot flow channel (131), and the outer circumference of the upper end of the hot shaft (13) is provided with evenly distributed fan holes (132).

4. The vortex air-cooled internally lubricated grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical valve (11) has a conical valve hot hole (111) inside, and a circular air hole (112) is evenly distributed on its conical circumference. The conical valve hot hole (111) is connected to the circular air hole (112).

5. The vortex air-cooled internally lubricated grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the grinding wheel (6) is provided with a liquid outlet (611).

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