Low cost thermal management system, control method and vehicle

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of thermal management, and particularly relates to a low-cost thermal management system, a control method and a vehicle, comprising a heat pump unit and a cooling liquid unit; the heat pump unit comprises a four-way valve, a compressor, a main heat exchanger refrigerant passage, a throttle valve and an intermediate heat exchanger; the cooling liquid unit comprises a multi-way valve group, a first circulating pump, a second circulating pump, the main heat exchanger refrigerant passage, a front heat exchanger, an out-cabin heat exchanger and electric drive electric control equipment; the front heat exchanger and the main heat exchanger are sequentially arranged in a cabin air conditioner box air duct along a wind direction; the out-cabin heat exchanger is arranged in an out-cabin environment air; according to the demand for heat grade of the safe operation of the cabin environment and the vehicle equipment, the valve core communication mode of the four-way valve and the multi-way valve group is adjusted, and the heat pump unit and the cooling liquid unit can form cold and hot circuits in multiple combination modes; the low-cost thermal management system has high energy efficiency, a simple structure and stable operation, the control mode is simple and convenient, and the vehicle cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal management technology, and specifically relates to a low-cost thermal management system, control method, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicle thermal management is one of the core technologies for the development of electric vehicles. It mainly includes the air conditioning circuit (20~25℃), battery circuit (10~35℃), and motor circuit (0~60℃). Based on the different functional requirements of each circuit unit, it has the capability to transfer heat from a high-temperature environment to a low-temperature environment for recovery and reuse. Existing thermal management systems are shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, when performing heat recovery, regardless of the temperature of the coolant in the battery and motor circuits, heat must be extracted from the coolant circulation system through a heat pump, and then the heat is increased in quality before being supplied to the cabin. Although it can achieve cooling and heating solutions in the passenger cabin under multiple modes, it cannot directly recover and utilize the high-quality heat in the battery and motor. It suffers from the common problems of system complexity and inefficiency. Existing thermal management technology urgently needs innovation and improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a low-cost thermal management system that enables efficient utilization and direct recovery of multiple heat sources at different quality levels (high and low), thereby improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management system. The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0004] The low-cost thermal management system of the present invention includes a main heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger, a front heat exchanger, and an external heat exchanger. The main heat exchanger is a refrigerant-coolant-air three-medium heat exchange structure, the intermediate heat exchanger is a refrigerant-coolant two-medium heat exchange structure, and the front heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger are both coolant-air two-medium heat exchange structures. The front heat exchanger and the main heat exchanger are arranged sequentially along the wind direction in the air duct of the cabin air conditioning unit, and the external heat exchanger is placed in the ambient air outside the cabin.

[0005] The refrigerant passages of the main heat exchanger and intermediate heat exchanger are connected to the four-way valve, compressor, and throttle valve, forming a phase change medium heat pump unit based on the switching of the four-way valve.

[0006] The coolant passages of the main heat exchanger and intermediate heat exchanger are connected to the multi-way valve group, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump, the front heat exchanger, the external heat exchanger, and the electric drive and control equipment, forming a pump-driven coolant unit based on the switching of the multi-way valve group.

[0007] The multi-way valve group has at least 7 external interfaces, the electric drive electric control device, the first circulating pump, the first pipe section formed in series, the 1 and 2 interfaces of the multi-way valve group, the second circulating pump, the external heat exchanger, the intermediate heat exchanger cooling liquid channel, the second pipe section formed in series, the 3 and 4 interfaces of the multi-way valve group, the pre-heat exchanger, the 5 and 6 interfaces of the multi-way valve group, and the main heat exchanger cooling liquid channel, the 7 and 1 interfaces of the multi-way valve group are communicated;

[0008] The valve core communication modes of the four-way valve and the multi-way valve group are adjusted respectively, and the heat pump unit and the cooling liquid unit can form cold and heat circuits in multiple combination modes.

[0009] Further, the liquid-cooled battery is connected in series in the pipe between the main heat exchanger cooling liquid channel and the first interface of the multi-way valve group.

[0010] Further, the third circulating pump is connected, the 8 and 9 interfaces are further arranged between the 7 and 1 interfaces of the multi-way valve group, the first end of the third circulating pump is communicated with the 8 interface of the multi-way valve group, the second end of the third circulating pump is communicated with the first end of the liquid-cooled battery, and the second end of the liquid-cooled battery is communicated with the 9 interface of the multi-way valve group.

[0011] Further, the expansion water tank communicated with the first interface of the multi-way valve group is further included.

[0012] Further, the auxiliary heater connected in series between the electric drive electric control device and the 2 interface of the multi-way valve group is further included.

[0013] The first control method of the application is used for operation control of the low-cost thermal management system, and the control method includes four modes of heating, dehumidifying, heat dissipation and refrigeration according to the temperature and humidity requirements of the cabin environment.

[0014] The second control method of the application is used for operation control of the low-cost thermal management system, and the control method includes eight modes of heating, dehumidifying, heat dissipation, refrigeration, battery cold storage, battery heat storage, active heat dissipation and active temperature equalization according to the temperature and humidity of the cabin environment and the constant temperature and double requirements of the liquid-cooled battery.

[0015] The vehicle of the application includes the low-cost thermal management system.

[0016] Further, the vehicle of the application includes various vehicles running on land, water and air and driven by electric motors, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and hydrogen-powered vehicles.

[0017] The above technical solutions of the application have the following technical effects:

[0018] In one aspect, the application adopts a three-medium heat exchanger in the cabin, which is communicated with an intermediate heat exchanger, a four-way valve, a compressor and a throttle valve to form a direct heat pump unit based on the switching of the four-way valve, and the heat pump has simple structure, short pipeline, easy arrangement, stable operation and high energy efficiency.

[0019] In another aspect, the application adopts a cooling liquid unit formed by a multi-way valve group, and only the spool position of the multi-way valve group is adjusted to form various cooling and heating circuits meeting the requirements of the thermal management system.

[0020] The control method of the application adjusts the spool combination mode of the four-way valve and the multi-way valve group according to the cabin environment temperature and humidity requirements, so as to realize the high-efficiency cooling and heating mode of the direct heat pump, and realize the indirect and direct recycling modes of the system waste heat and waste cold, and the control logic is simple and the operation is stable.

[0021] The vehicle with the low-cost thermal management system of the application has simple structure, stable operation and high energy efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-cost thermal management system of a vehicle according to the application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second low-cost thermal management system of a vehicle according to the application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-cost thermal management system of a vehicle according to the prior art;

[0025] Figure 4 is a first heating mode flow chart of a control method according to the application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a second heating mode flow chart of a control method according to the application;

[0027] Figure 6 is a third heating mode flow chart of a control method according to the application;

[0028] Figure 7 is a fourth heating mode flow chart of a control method according to the application;

[0029] Figure 8 is a fifth heating mode flow chart of a control method according to the application;

[0030] Figure 9 is a sixth heating mode flow chart of a control method according to the application;

[0031] Figure 10 is a seventh heating mode flow chart of a control method according to the application;

[0032] Figure 11is the first heat dissipation mode flow of the control method of the application Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 12 is the second heat dissipation mode flow of the control method of the application Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 13 is the refrigeration mode flow of the control method of the application Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 14 is the refrigeration mode flow of the control method of the application Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 15 is the active heat dissipation flow chart of the second control method of the application

[0037] Figure 16 is the active heat dissipation flow chart of the second control method of the application Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 17 is the active heat dissipation flow chart of the second control method of the application Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 18 is the battery heat storage flow chart of the second control method of the application

[0040] Figure 19 is the battery heat storage flow chart of the second control method of the application

[0041] 10: four-way valve; 11: compressor; 12: main heat exchanger; 13: throttle valve; 14: intermediate heat exchanger; 20: multi-way valve group; 201: first circulating pump; 202: second circulating pump; 203: third circulating pump; 21: pre-heat exchanger; 22: outboard heat exchanger; 23: electric drive electric control equipment; 24: liquid-cooled battery; 25: expansion water tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The low-cost thermal management system of the application embodiment 1, as shown in the accompanying Figure 1As shown: including main heat exchanger 12, pre-heat exchanger 21, intermediate heat exchanger 14, cabin heat exchanger 22, main heat exchanger 12 is refrigerant-coolant-air three medium heat exchange structure, pre-heat exchanger 21, cabin heat exchanger 22 are all coolant-air two medium heat exchange structure, pre-heat exchanger 21, main heat exchanger 12 are sequentially arranged in the cabin air conditioner box air duct along the wind direction, and the cabin heat exchanger 22 is placed in the cabin environment air; The refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 and the intermediate heat exchanger 14 is communicated with the four-way valve 10, the compressor 11 and the throttle valve 13, and a phase-change refrigerant heat pump unit based on the four-way valve 10 switching is formed; The coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12, the intermediate heat exchanger 14 and the cabin heat exchanger 22 is communicated with the multi-way valve group 20, the first circulating pump 201, the second circulating pump 202, the pre-heat exchanger 21 and the electric drive electric control equipment 23, and a pump-driven coolant unit based on the multi-way valve group 20 switching is formed;

[0043] The multi-way valve group 20 has seven external interfaces, the electric drive electric control equipment 23 and the first circulating pump 201 are connected in series to form a first pipe section, and then are communicated with the 1 and 2 interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20; the second circulating pump 202, the cabin heat exchanger 22 and the intermediate heat exchanger 14 coolant channel are connected in series to form a second pipe section, and then are communicated with the 3 and 4 interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20; the pre-heat exchanger 21 is communicated with the 5 and 6 interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20; and the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 is communicated with the 7 and 1 interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20.

[0044] The valve core communication modes of the four-way valve 10 and the multi-way valve group 20 are adjusted respectively, so that the heat pump unit and the coolant unit can form cold and hot circuits in multiple combination modes.

[0045] The low-cost thermal management system of the present application specifically includes a liquid-cooled battery 24 in the structure of the foregoing specific embodiment 1.

[0046] The low-cost thermal management system of the present application specifically includes a liquid-cooled battery 24 in the structure of the foregoing specific embodiment 1. Figure 2 As shown: based on the structure of the foregoing specific embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 further includes a third circulating pump 203, the 7 and 1 interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20 further have an 8th and 9th interface, the first end of the third circulating pump 203 is communicated with the 8th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the second end of the third circulating pump 203 is communicated with the first end of the liquid-cooled battery 24, and the second end of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is communicated with the 9th interface of the multi-way valve group 20.

[0047] In the above embodiments, an expansion tank 25 communicated with the 1st interface of the multi-way valve group 20 can be arranged to cool the liquid circulating pipeline and balance the liquid supplement.

[0048] In the above embodiments, to cope with extremely cold weather environment and heat pump failure, an auxiliary heater, such as a water circulation cabin heater, a heat dissipation heat exchanger of an engine system, etc., can be arranged in series between the electric drive electric control device 23 and the second interface of the multi-way valve group 20 as a backup heat source.

[0049] As shown in the accompanying Figures 4 to 14 The first control method of the present application includes four modes of heating, dehumidifying, heat dissipation, and refrigeration, and is used for operation control of the aforementioned low-cost thermal management system embodiments 1 to 3.

[0050] When the cabin air temperature is lower than the comfort temperature required by the passengers, the temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric drive electric control device 23 is detected, and if the cooling liquid of the electric drive electric control device 23 is lower than the thermal energy grade of the outside air, one of the heating or dehumidifying modes shown in the accompanying Figures 4 to 10 is executed.

[0051] The first heating mode: as shown in the accompanying Figure 4 , the valve core position of the four-way valve 10 is adjusted to heat pump heating, the cooling liquid passages of the second circulating pump 202, the outside air heat exchanger 22, and the intermediate heat exchanger 14 are connected in series through the 3 and 4 interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulating pump 202 is operated, the fan of the outside air heat exchanger 22 is operated, the low-pressure refrigerant after throttling and pressure reduction is passed through the refrigerant passage of the outside air heat exchanger 22, first exchanges heat with the cooling liquid circuit through the intermediate heat exchanger 14, then the cooling liquid circuit takes heat from the outside air environment, the refrigerant is evaporated, enters the compressor 11 through the four-way valve 10, is compressed into high-pressure refrigerant, and then enters the refrigerant passage of the main heat exchanger 12 through the four-way valve 10 to release heat, and the cycle is repeated. The fan of the cabin air conditioner box is operated to drive the cabin air to exchange heat with the refrigerant passage of the main heat exchanger 12 to provide heating for the cabin air.

[0052] This mode is an air source indirect heat pump mode, which is independent of the valve core position of the multi-way valve group 20, and the first circulating pump 201 does not operate; this mode has simple control and stable operation.

[0053] The second heating mode: during the heating process, the temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric drive electric control device 23 is periodically detected, and if the cooling liquid of the electric drive electric control device 23 is higher than the thermal energy grade of the outside air, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the accompanying Figure 5 , the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electric control device 23, the second and third interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulating pump 202, the outside air heat exchanger 22, the cooling liquid passage of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the fourth and first interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series low-grade heat recovery circuit, and the heat pump unit simultaneously recovers the waste heat of the electric drive electric control device 23 to enhance the heating capacity. If the waste heat recovery heat is sufficient, the fan of the outside air heat exchanger 22 can be stopped to further save power consumption and improve system energy efficiency.

[0054] The mode is a waste heat source + air source heat pump dual heating mode, which has strong environmental adaptability and fast heating speed.

[0055] The third heating mode: during the heating process, the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electronic control device 23 is periodically detected. If the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electronic control device 23 is higher than 35°, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure, and the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electronic control device 23, the 2nd interface and the 5th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the pre-heat exchanger 21, the 6th interface and the 1st interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a high-grade heat recovery circuit in series. Figure 6

[0056] The mode is a high-grade waste heat + air source heat pump dual-source cascade heating. While the air source heat pump heats, the high-grade waste heat of the electric drive electronic control device 23 directly preheats the cabin air through the pre-heat exchanger 21, and forms a dual-source cascade heating with the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12.

[0057] The mode has strong heating capacity and the functions of drying the pre-heat exchanger 21 and preventing mildew.

[0058] The fourth heating mode: during the heating process, the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electronic control device 23 is periodically detected. If the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electronic control device 23 is higher than 40°, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure, and the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electronic control device 23, the 2nd interface and the 7th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, and the cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a high-grade heat recovery circuit in series. Figure 7

[0059] The mode is a high-grade waste heat + air source heat pump dual-source cascade heating. While the air source heat pump heats, the high-grade waste heat of the electric drive electronic control device 23 directly preheats the cabin air through the pre-heat exchanger 21, and forms a dual-source cascade heating with the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12.

[0060] The mode has strong heating capacity, fast heating speed, and high reliability of dual-source backup.

[0061] The fifth heating mode: during the heating process, the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electronic control device 23 and the humidity of the cabin air are periodically detected. If the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electronic control device 23 is higher than 40° and the humidity of the cabin air is lower than the comfortable humidity required by the occupants, or the vehicle windshield is fogged and affects the driving safety, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure, and the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electronic control device 23, the 2nd interface and the 7th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, and the cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a high-grade heat recovery circuit in series. Figure 8 ​​The positions shown, on the one hand, the external heat exchanger 22, the cooling liquid channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the 4th interface, the 5th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the pre-heat exchanger 21, the 6th interface, the 3rd interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series waste cold recovery dehumidification circuit; on the other hand, the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electric control device 23, the 2nd interface, the 7th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a series high-grade heat recovery circuit;

[0062] The mode is waste cold dehumidification + double-source heat recovery. In this mode, the heat pump operates as a heat pump heating mode, the fan of the external heat exchanger 22 can operate or stop, and the fan of the cabin air conditioner drives the cabin air to first pass through the pre-heat exchanger 21 for cooling and dehumidification, and then pass through the refrigerant channel and the cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger 12 for double-source heat recovery.

[0063] This mode recovers the free cold of the external heat exchanger 22 for pre-cooling and dehumidification in the cabin, and then recovers the waste heat of the electric drive electric control device 23 to heat or keep the temperature of the cabin air constant; the control is simple, stable, reliable, efficient and energy-saving.

[0064] The sixth heating mode: during the heating process, the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electric control device 23 is periodically detected. If the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electric control device 23 is higher than 35°, the operation of the heat pump compressor, the second circulating pump 202 and the fan of the external heat exchanger 22 is stopped, and the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the figure. Figure 9 The positions shown, on the one hand, the external heat exchanger 22, the cooling liquid channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the 4th interface, the 5th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the pre-heat exchanger 21, the 6th interface, the 3rd interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series waste cold recovery dehumidification circuit; on the other hand, the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electric control device 23, the 2nd interface, the 7th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a series high-grade heat recovery circuit;

[0065] This mode is a single high-grade waste heat heating mode, and the high-grade waste heat of the electric drive electric control device 23 is directly recovered to heat the cabin air through the pre-heat exchanger 21.

[0066] This mode recovers waste heat, has high system energy efficiency, and has the functions of drying the pre-heat exchanger 21 and preventing mildew.

[0067] The seventh heating mode: during the heating process, the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electric control device 23 is periodically detected. If the cooling liquid temperature of the electric drive electric control device 23 is higher than 40°, the operation of the heat pump compressor, the second circulating pump 202 and the fan of the external heat exchanger 22 is stopped, and the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the figure. Figure 10 The positions shown, on the one hand, the external heat exchanger 22, the cooling liquid channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the 4th interface, the 5th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the pre-heat exchanger 21, the 6th interface, the 3rd interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series waste cold recovery dehumidification circuit; on the other hand, the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electric control device 23, the 2nd interface, the 7th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a series high-grade heat recovery circuit;

[0068] This mode is a single high-grade waste heat heating mode, and the high-grade waste heat of the electrically driven electric control equipment 23 is directly recovered to heat the cabin air through the main heat exchanger 12 cooling liquid channel.

[0069] This mode recycles waste heat and has high system energy efficiency.

[0070] When the cabin air temperature is at the comfortable temperature required by the occupants, the heat pump compressor is turned off, and the temperature of the cooling liquid of the electrically driven electric control equipment 23 is detected. If the temperature of the cooling liquid of the electrically driven electric control equipment 23 is higher than the safe operating temperature required by the equipment, one of the heat dissipation modes shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is executed. Figure 11 、 12

[0071] The first heat dissipation mode: adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the position shown in FIG. 8, and the first circulating pump 201, the electrically driven electric control equipment 23, the 2nd and 3rd interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulating pump 202, the cabin outside heat exchanger 22, the intermediate heat exchanger 14 cooling liquid channel, the 4th and 5th interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the pre-heat exchanger 21, the 6th and 1st interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series heat dissipation circuit. Figure 11

[0072] This mode is a dual heat dissipation mode inside and outside the cabin. The fans of the cabin outside heat exchanger 22 and the pre-heat exchanger 21 operate simultaneously or independently. The waste heat of the electrically driven electric control equipment 23 is released to the cabin outside air or the cabin inside air through the cabin outside heat exchanger 22 cooling liquid channel and the pre-heat exchanger 21, ensuring that the indoor air is at the most comfortable temperature and ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle equipment.

[0073] This mode has simple control and high energy efficiency.

[0074] The second heat dissipation mode: adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the position shown in FIG. 9, and the first circulating pump 201, the electrically driven electric control equipment 23, the 2nd and 3rd interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulating pump 202, the cabin outside heat exchanger 22, the intermediate heat exchanger 14 cooling liquid channel, the 4th and 1st interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series heat dissipation circuit. Figure 12

[0075] This mode is a single heat dissipation mode outside the cabin. The waste heat of the electrically driven electric control equipment 23 is released to the cabin outside air through the cabin outside heat exchanger 22 cooling liquid channel, ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle equipment.

[0076] This mode has simple control and high energy efficiency.

[0077] When the cabin air temperature is higher than the comfortable temperature required by the occupants, the valve core position of the four-way valve 10 is adjusted to heat pump refrigeration;

[0078] The first refrigeration mode: adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the position shown in FIG. 10, and the first circulating pump 201, the electrically driven electric control equipment 23, the 2nd and 3rd interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulating pump 202, the cabin outside heat exchanger 22, the intermediate heat exchanger 14 cooling liquid channel, the 4th and 1st interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series refrigeration circuit. Figure 13 ​​​As shown in the position, the second circulating pump 202, the external heat exchanger 22, the intermediate heat exchanger 14 cooling liquid passage, through the multi-way valve group 20 3, 4 interface in series, the second circulating pump 202 operation, the fan of the external heat exchanger 22 operation, the low-pressure refrigerant after throttling valve 13 cut-off pressure reduction, into the main heat exchanger 12 refrigerant passage, the fan of the cabin air conditioner box operation drive cabin air, and the main heat exchanger 12 refrigerant passage heat exchange, the refrigerant completes evaporation, through the four-way valve 10 into the compressor 11, compressed into high-pressure refrigerant, again through the four-way valve 10 into the intermediate heat exchanger 14 refrigerant passage and the cooling liquid passage of the external heat exchanger 22 heat exchange, and then the cooling liquid to the cabin air heat dissipation, cycle, cabin air cooling and temperature reduction;

[0079] The mode is an indirect heat pump refrigeration mode, which is simple in control, fast in speed and stable in operation.

[0080] When the cabin air temperature is higher than the comfortable temperature required by the passenger, and the electric drive electric control equipment 23 needs to be cooled, the valve core position of the four-way valve 10 is adjusted to be a heat pump refrigeration;

[0081] The second refrigeration mode adjusts the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the position shown in the figure Figure 14 As shown in the position, the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive electric control equipment 23, the second interface and the third interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulating pump 202, the external heat exchanger 22, the cooling liquid passage of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the fourth interface and the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series of step-by-step heating and heat dissipation circuits; the low-pressure refrigerant after throttling valve 13 cut-off pressure reduction, into the main heat exchanger 12 refrigerant passage, the fan of the cabin air conditioner box operation drive cabin air, and the main heat exchanger 12 refrigerant passage heat exchange, the refrigerant completes evaporation, through the four-way valve 10 into the compressor 11, compressed into high-pressure refrigerant, again through the four-way valve 10 into the intermediate heat exchanger 14 refrigerant passage and the cooling liquid passage of the external heat exchanger 22 heat exchange, and then the cooling liquid to the cabin air heat dissipation, cycle, cabin air cooling and temperature reduction, the cooling liquid is sequentially heated through the intermediate heat exchanger 14 and the electric drive electric control equipment 23, and is dissipated to the cabin air through the external heat exchanger 22;

[0082] The mode is an indirect heat pump refrigeration mode, which is simple in control, fast in speed and stable in operation.

[0083] The second control method of the application includes eight modes of heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, refrigeration, battery cold storage, battery heat storage, active heat dissipation and active temperature equalization, which are used for operation control of the aforementioned low-cost thermal management system embodiment 3;

[0084] The heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation and refrigeration modes of the control method are basically the same as the heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation and refrigeration modes of the aforementioned one control method, and general technicians can refer to the attachedFigure 2 and attached Figures 4 to 14 Based on the aforementioned technical documents, we can understand its process and function, which will not be repeated here. The only difference is that, since a liquid-cooled battery 24 is connected in series in the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12, the temperature of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is simultaneously regulated and controlled during the process of regulating the cabin air temperature.

[0085] The battery cooling mode of this control method is shown in the attached figure. Figure 19 As shown, during the heat pump cooling process, once the cabin temperature reaches the preset comfortable temperature, the compressor 11 continues to operate efficiently, reducing or shutting down the fan speed of the cabin air conditioning unit, and starting the third circulation pump 203 to continue cooling the liquid-cooled battery 24 until the optimal temperature limit (10°C) of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is reached. The liquid-cooled battery 24 has a large heat capacity and can store a lot of cold energy. At this time, the compressor 11 is turned off, the second circulation pump 202 continues to operate, and the fan of the cabin air conditioning unit is turned on in a timely manner. The liquid-cooled battery 24 releases cold energy into the cabin air, making the cabin comfortable, reducing the frequency of compressor 11 starting, stopping or speed adjustment, and improving cooling efficiency.

[0086] The battery heat storage mode of this control method is shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, and refer to the appendix Figure 5 , 7 8. 10. During the heat pump heating process, once the cabin temperature reaches the preset comfortable temperature, the compressor 11 continues to operate efficiently, reducing or shutting down the fan speed of the cabin air conditioning unit, and starting the second circulation pump 202 to continue heating the liquid-cooled battery 24 until the optimal upper limit of the liquid-cooled battery 24 (40°C) is reached. The liquid-cooled battery 24 has a large heat capacity and can store a lot of heat. At this time, the compressor 11 is turned off, the second circulation pump 202 continues to operate, and the fan of the cabin air conditioning unit is turned on as needed. The liquid-cooled battery 24 releases heat to the cabin air, making the cabin comfortable, reducing the frequency of compressor 11 starting, stopping or speed adjustment, and improving heating efficiency.

[0087] Because the coolant system is equipped with a third circulation pump 203, which is connected in series with the liquid-cooled battery 24, the liquid-cooled battery 24 can achieve active heat dissipation and active temperature equalization.

[0088] The active heat dissipation mode of this control method is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 15 As shown, when the temperature of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is detected to be high and cooling is required, it is only necessary to adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve assembly 20 to the position shown in the attached diagram. Figure 15 At the indicated location, start the third circulation pump 203 and the fan of the external heat exchanger 22 to operate, and release the waste heat of the liquid-cooled battery 24 directly into the outside air through the external heat exchanger 22.

[0089] The active temperature equalization mode of this control method is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 16 , 17As shown, when the cell temperature consistency of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is detected to be poor, the spool of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position as shown in FIG. 17, the third circulating pump 203 is started, the internal circulation of the cooling liquid of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is started, and the battery temperature equalization function is realized. Figure 16 As shown, when the cell temperature consistency of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is detected to be poor, the spool of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position as shown in FIG. 17, the third circulating pump 203 is started, the internal circulation of the cooling liquid of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is started, and the battery temperature equalization function is realized.

[0090] As shown, when the cell temperature consistency of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is detected to be poor, the spool of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position as shown in FIG. 17, the third circulating pump 203 is started, the internal circulation of the cooling liquid of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is started, and the battery temperature equalization function is realized. Figure 18 As shown, when the cell temperature consistency of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is detected to be poor, the spool of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position as shown in FIG. 17, the third circulating pump 203 is started, the internal circulation of the cooling liquid of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is started, and the battery temperature equalization function is realized. Figure 18 As shown, when the cell temperature consistency of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is detected to be poor, the spool of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position as shown in FIG. 17, the third circulating pump 203 is started, the internal circulation of the cooling liquid of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is started, and the battery temperature equalization function is realized.

[0091] The vehicle with the low-cost thermal management system described in the present application includes land, water, and air vehicles driven by electric motors, and is a pure electric, hybrid, and hydrogen vehicle with simple structure, high efficiency, stability, and low cost.

Claims

1. A low-cost thermal management system, characterized in that, It includes a main heat exchanger (12), an intermediate heat exchanger (14), a front heat exchanger (21), and an external heat exchanger (22). The main heat exchanger (12) is a refrigerant-coolant-air three-medium heat exchange structure, the intermediate heat exchanger (14) is a refrigerant-coolant two-medium heat exchange structure, the front heat exchanger (21) and the external heat exchanger (22) are both coolant-air two-medium heat exchange structures. The front heat exchanger (21) and the main heat exchanger (12) are arranged sequentially in the air duct of the cabin air conditioning unit along the wind direction, and the external heat exchanger (22) is placed in the ambient air outside the cabin. The refrigerant passages of the main heat exchanger (12) and intermediate heat exchanger (14) are connected to the four-way valve (10), compressor (11) and throttle valve (13) to form a phase change medium heat pump unit based on the switching of the four-way valve (10). The coolant passages of the main heat exchanger (12) and intermediate heat exchanger (14) are connected to the multi-way valve group (20), the first circulating pump (201), the second circulating pump (202), the front heat exchanger (21), the external heat exchanger (22) and the electric drive and control equipment (23), forming a pump-driven coolant unit based on the switching of the multi-way valve group (20); The multi-way valve group (20) has at least 7 external interfaces. The electric drive and control equipment (23) and the first circulating pump (201) are connected in series to form a first pipe section, which is connected to interfaces 1 and 2 of the multi-way valve group (20). The second circulating pump (202), the external heat exchanger (22), and the intermediate heat exchanger (14) are connected in series to form a second pipe section, which is connected to interfaces 3 and 4 of the multi-way valve group (20). The front heat exchanger (21) is connected to interfaces 5 and 6 of the multi-way valve group (20). The main heat exchanger (12) is connected to interfaces 7 and 1 of the multi-way valve group (20). By adjusting the valve core connection mode of the four-way valve (10) and the multi-way valve group (20) respectively, the heat pump unit and the coolant unit can form cold and hot circuits in various combinations.

2. The low-cost thermal management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a liquid-cooled battery (24), which is connected in series in the pipeline between the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger (12) and the first interface of the multi-way valve group (20).

3. The low-cost thermal management system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a third circulation pump (203), and the multi-way valve group (20) has an 8th and a 9th interface between the 7th and 1st interfaces. The first end of the third circulation pump (203) is connected to the 8th interface of the multi-way valve group (20), the second end of the third circulation pump (203) is connected to the first end of the liquid-cooled battery (24), and the second end of the liquid-cooled battery (24) is connected to the 9th interface of the multi-way valve group (20).

4. The low-cost thermal management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It also includes an expansion tank (25) connected to the first interface of the multi-way valve assembly (20).

5. The low-cost thermal management system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary heater connected in series between the second interface of the electric drive and control equipment (23) and the multi-way valve group (20).

6. A control method for controlling the operation of the low-cost thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Based on the temperature and humidity requirements of the cabin environment, the control methods include four modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, and cooling.

7. A control method for controlling the operation of the low-cost thermal management system of claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the dual requirements of temperature and humidity in the cabin environment and constant temperature of the liquid-cooled battery, the control methods include eight modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, cooling, battery cold storage, battery heat storage, active heat dissipation, and active temperature equalization.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the low-cost thermal management system as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A vehicle as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Vehicles include a variety of vehicles that travel on land, water, and air, and are driven by electric motors, including pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and hydrogen-powered vehicles.

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