Biofertilizer formula beneficial to crop growth and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological fertilizer formula beneficial to crop growth and a preparation method thereof, and the main points of the technical scheme are that the biological fertilizer formula comprises the following components: 20-30 parts of organic matter, 10-20 parts of wormcast, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles, 10-15 parts of a microbial agent, 15-25 parts of matured compost, and 5-10 parts of a seaweed extract; the formula of the bio-fertilizer comprises the organic matter, the wormcast, the humic acid, the seaweed extract and other components, it is ensured that comprehensive nutrition support is provided, and compared with a traditional bio-fertilizer which is single in component, the diversified components provided by the invention are beneficial for meeting the growth requirements of different crops, and the application prospect is wide. And the used seaweed extract and organic silicon nanoparticles have good water retention performance and can improve the water retention ability of soil, and through the addition of the matured compost and other organic components, the soil structure is improved, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the soil fertility is improved, so that the healthy growth and yield increase of crops are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biofertilizers, and in particular to a biofertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of agricultural production, the use of traditional chemical fertilizers has gradually exposed a series of problems, such as soil pollution, reduced plant resistance, decreased crop yields and food safety risks. Therefore, finding new fertilizers to replace traditional chemical fertilizers has become the focus of agricultural scientific research. Biofertilizers, as a new type of fertilizer, enhance soil fertility, improve soil structure and increase crop yields through the action of microorganisms, and are gradually being paid attention to by agricultural producers.

[0003] Although existing biofertilizers have achieved certain results in increasing crop yields and improving soil quality, there are still some shortcomings, such as single nutrient composition, insufficient disease resistance, poor water retention capacity and decreased soil fertility. Therefore, the development of new compound biofertilizers has become an urgent need. To solve the above problems, we propose a biofertilizer formula that is beneficial to the growth of crops and its preparation method. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A biological fertilizer formula that is beneficial to the growth of crops, the biological fertilizer formula comprising the following components: 20-30 parts of organic matter, 10-20 parts of earthworm castings, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles, 10-15 parts of microbial agents, 15-25 parts of mature compost, and 5-10 parts of seaweed extract, wherein the microbial agents include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria.

[0006] Among them, organic matter is used to provide basic nutrients required for plant growth; Vermicompost, which is rich in organic nutrients, improves soil structure; Humic acid, used to enhance the soil’s water retention and nutrient exchange capabilities; Selenium-enriched yeast, used to provide selenium and enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants; Silicone nanoparticles, which are used to improve the physical properties of soil and enhance the absorption capacity of plant roots; Microbial agents, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, promote soil microbial activity and improve soil fertility; Well-rotted compost, used to provide slow-release nutrients for plants; Seaweed extract, rich in polysaccharides and trace elements, can stimulate plant growth and enhance plant immunity.

[0007] Preferably, the amount of lactic acid bacteria added to the microbial agent accounts for 10-20% of the total weight of the microbial agent. During the fertilizer application process, the number of viable lactic acid bacteria must reach 10 8 CFU / g and above.

[0008] Preferably, the addition ratio of the selenium-enriched yeast is 1-3% of the total weight of the fertilizer, and the selenium content in the selenium-enriched yeast is 200-300 ppm of the total weight of the selenium-enriched yeast, and the bioavailability of selenium is improved by microbial fermentation.

[0009] Preferably, the average particle size of the organosilicon nanoparticles is 20-50 nanometers, with a specific surface area of ​​200-400 m² / g, and the added amount accounts for 1-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer. It has good hydrophilicity and stability, can form a protective film around the plant roots, and improve the absorption efficiency of water and nutrients.

[0010] Preferably, the polysaccharide content in the seaweed extract is 15-25%, the mannitol content is 5-10%, and the added amount of the seaweed extract accounts for 5-10% of the total weight of the fertilizer, which can enhance the immune response of the plant and promote root development.

[0011] A method for preparing a biofertilizer that is beneficial to the growth of crops comprises the following steps: S1. Grind humic acid, seaweed extract, selenium-enriched yeast and organosilicon nanoparticles into 60 meshes respectively, and sieve to remove coarse particles that do not meet the particle size requirements, then evenly stir the earthworm manure and dry it. The drying temperature is controlled at 50-55° C. to avoid excessive decomposition of organic matter while maintaining its nutritional components; S2. The pretreated raw materials are mixed in the following proportions: 20-30 parts of organic matter, 10-20 parts of earthworm castings, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles, 10-15 parts of microbial agents, 15-25 parts of mature compost, and 5-10 parts of seaweed extract. The mixture is fully stirred for 15-20 minutes at 25-30°C using a double-shaft mixer to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed. The mixed materials must be evenly moistened and the water content is controlled at 30-35%. At the same time, the mixing uniformity is tested to ensure that the uniformity of the mixture reaches more than 95%; S3, the mixed materials are piled into a compost pile with a height of 1.5 meters and a width of 2 meters, and an aerobic fermentation process is adopted. Microbial agents are added during the fermentation process, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 35-45°C. The pile is turned every 2-3 days, and the temperature and humidity of the pile are monitored in real time to ensure ventilation of the materials. The fermentation cycle is 15-20 days, until the materials are fully decomposed, the color becomes darker and there is no odor; S4. Send the fermented material to the drying equipment for low-temperature drying. The drying temperature is controlled at 50-60°C and the drying time is 6-8 hours. Ensure that the moisture content of the material is less than 10%, and check the moisture content regularly to keep it uniform; S5. The dried material is crushed into 80 meshes using a pulverizer to ensure the particle fineness, and granulated by an extrusion granulator. The obtained particles have a diameter of 2-4 mm and a uniform particle shape; the surface of the particles is sprayed with a suspension of organic silicon nanoparticles to enhance the stability of the particles, and then the particles are placed in a drying device for secondary drying to improve the mechanical strength and stability of the particles; S6. After granulation is completed, the particles are sent to the cooling tower for rapid cooling. The cooling temperature is controlled below 25°C to prevent high temperature from affecting the performance of the particles. The cooled particles are passed through screening equipment to remove particles whose diameters deviate from the specified range to ensure the consistency of the particle size of the product. Finally, the particles that meet the particle size requirements are vacuum packed or sealed and stored in a cool and dry place.

[0012] Preferably, the proportion of microbial agents added in the S3 fermentation process is 10-15% of the total weight of organic matter, and the pile is turned every 2 days during the fermentation period to ensure uniform fermentation and monitor the oxygen concentration in the pile in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the S4 drying step is carried out using a drying device with a temperature controlled at 50-60°C for 6-8 hours to ensure that the moisture content of the material is controlled below 10%, and the drying status is checked regularly to avoid over-drying.

[0014] Preferably, the S5 granulation process adopts an extrusion granulation method, the diameter of the obtained particles is 2-4 mm, the particle hardness is controlled at 5-10 N, and a fluidity test is used to ensure the smoothness of the particles during application.

[0015] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects: 1. The biofertilizer formula of the present invention comprises multiple ingredients such as organic matter, earthworm castings, humic acid, selenium-enriched yeast, organosilicon nanoparticles, microbial agents, mature compost and seaweed extract, ensuring comprehensive nutritional support. Compared with the single ingredient of traditional biofertilizers, the diverse ingredients provided by the present invention help meet the growth needs of different crops.

[0016] 2. The amount of lactic acid bacteria added in the present invention accounts for 10-20% of the total weight of the microbial agent, and the number of live bacteria during the fertilizer application process must reach 10 8 CFU / g or above. The use of this high concentration of lactic acid bacteria can improve the disease resistance of crops. Compared with the insufficient disease resistance of traditional biological fertilizers, the present invention significantly improves the growth and health of crops.

[0017] 3. The seaweed extract and organosilicon nanoparticles used in the present invention have good water retention properties, can improve the moisture retention capacity of the soil, and ensure the normal growth of crops under drought conditions. By adding mature compost and other organic components, the soil structure is improved, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the soil fertility is improved, thereby promoting the healthy growth and yield increase of crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but they cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The conditions in the examples can be further adjusted according to specific conditions. Simple improvements to the method of the present invention under the premise of the concept of the present invention belong to the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops, comprising the following components: 25 parts of organic matter, 15 parts of earthworm castings, 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1 part of organosilicon nanoparticles, 12 parts of microbial agents, 20 parts of mature compost, and 7 parts of seaweed extract.

[0021] The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: (1) 7 parts of humic acid, 7 parts of seaweed extract, 2 parts of selenium-enriched yeast and 1 part of organosilicon nanoparticles were crushed into 60 mesh and sieved; (2) Dry 15 portions of earthworm castings to 50-55°C; (3) Mix according to the formula ratio, use a double-shaft mixer to stir for 15-20 minutes, and control the moisture content at 30-35%; (4) Composting, using aerobic fermentation, controlling the temperature at 35-45°C, turning the pile every 2-3 days, and fermenting for 15-20 days; (5) Low temperature drying until the moisture content is less than 10%; (6) After being crushed to 80 mesh, it is granulated into particles with a diameter of 2-4 mm. Finally, it is quickly cooled and sieved, and then packaged and stored.

[0022] Example 2 A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops, comprising the following components: 30 parts of organic matter, 12 parts of earthworm castings, 8 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles, 10 parts of microbial agents, 18 parts of decomposed compost, and 6 parts of seaweed extract.

[0023] The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: (1) Grind 8 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of seaweed extract, 3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast and 2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles into 60 mesh and sieve; (2) Dry 12 portions of earthworm castings to 50-55°C; (3) Mix according to the formula ratio, use a double-shaft mixer to stir for 15-20 minutes, and control the moisture content at 30-35%; (4) Composting, using aerobic fermentation, controlling the temperature at 35-45°C, turning the pile every 2-3 days, and fermenting for 15-20 days; (5) Low temperature drying until the moisture content is less than 10%; (6) After being crushed to 80 mesh, it is granulated into particles with a diameter of 2-4 mm. Finally, it is quickly cooled and sieved, and then packaged and stored.

[0024] Example 3 A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops, comprising the following components: 28 parts of organic matter, 14 parts of earthworm castings, 6 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles, 10 parts of microbial agents, 19 parts of mature compost, and 5 parts of seaweed extract.

[0025] The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: (1) 6 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of seaweed extract, 2 parts of selenium-enriched yeast and 2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles were crushed into 60 mesh and sieved; (2) Dry 14 portions of earthworm manure to 50-55°C; (3) Mix according to the formula ratio, use a double-shaft mixer to stir for 15-20 minutes, and control the moisture content at 30-35%; (4) Composting, using aerobic fermentation, controlling the temperature at 35-45°C, turning the pile every 2-3 days, and fermenting for 15-20 days; (5) Low temperature drying until the moisture content is less than 10%; (6) After being crushed to 80 mesh, it is granulated into particles with a diameter of 2-4 mm. Finally, it is quickly cooled and sieved, and then packaged and stored.

[0026] Example 4 A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops, comprising the following components: 26 parts of organic matter, 13 parts of earthworm castings, 5 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1 part of organosilicon nanoparticles, 11 parts of microbial agents, 21 parts of mature compost, and 6 parts of seaweed extract.

[0027] The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: (1) 5 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of seaweed extract, 2 parts of selenium-enriched yeast and 1 part of organosilicon nanoparticles were crushed into 60 mesh and sieved; (2) Dry 13 portions of earthworm castings to 50-55°C; (3) Mix according to the formula ratio, use a double-shaft mixer to stir for 15-20 minutes, and control the moisture content at 30-35%; (4) Composting, using aerobic fermentation, controlling the temperature at 35-45°C, turning the pile every 2-3 days, and fermenting for 15-20 days; (5) Low temperature drying until the moisture content is less than 10%; (6) After crushing to 80 mesh, granulation is carried out, and the particle diameter is 2-4 mm; finally, rapid cooling and screening are carried out, and packaging and storage are carried out.

[0028] Example 5 This embodiment aims to compare the application effects of existing biofertilizers and the embodiments of the present invention on wheat, corn, rice and soybeans. In the experimental design, different types of fertilizers are applied to four crops to observe their effects on crop growth.

[0029] The experimental setup is as follows: The types of fertilizers used are existing biological fertilizers and fertilizers according to the embodiments of the present invention (embodiments 1 to 4); Application amount: Fertilize according to the characteristics of different crops and the recommended application amount; Observation indicators include: yield increase and decrease rates, root growth, disease resistance, water retention capacity and soil fertility changes.

[0030] The following is a summary table of the experimental results: Through the above experiments, it can be observed that the application effect of the embodiments of the present invention in wheat, corn, rice and soybean is significantly better than that of the existing biological fertilizers. After applying the fertilizer of the present invention, the yield increase rate of each crop is significantly improved, the root system grows well, and the disease resistance is stronger. At the same time, the water retention capacity and soil fertility are also significantly improved. These results show that the biological fertilizer of the present invention can not only increase the yield of crops, but also improve the health status and disease resistance of the root system, and has broad application prospects.

[0031] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understandable to those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "including" or "comprising" and the like used in the present invention mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The words "connect" or "connected" and the like are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may also include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biological fertilizer formula that is beneficial to the growth of crops, characterized in that: The biological fertilizer formula includes the following components: 20-30 parts of organic matter, 10-20 parts of earthworm castings, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles, 10-15 parts of microbial agents, 15-25 parts of mature compost, and 5-10 parts of seaweed extract, wherein the microbial agents include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria.

2. A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of lactic acid bacteria added to the microbial agent accounts for 10-20% of the total weight of the microbial agent. During the fertilizer application process, the number of live lactic acid bacteria must reach 10 8 CFU / g and above.

3. A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The addition ratio of the selenium-enriched yeast is 1-3% of the total weight of the fertilizer, and the selenium content in the selenium-enriched yeast is 200-300 ppm of the total weight of the selenium-enriched yeast, and the bioavailability of selenium is improved by microbial fermentation.

4. A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organosilicon nanoparticles have an average particle size of 20-50 nanometers, a specific surface area of ​​200-400 m² / g, and an added amount of 1-2% of the total weight of the fertilizer. They have good hydrophilicity and stability, can form a protective film around plant roots, and improve the absorption efficiency of water and nutrients.

5. A biological fertilizer formula beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polysaccharide content in the seaweed extract is 15-25%, the mannitol content is 5-10%, and the added amount of the seaweed extract accounts for 5-10% of the total weight of the fertilizer, which can enhance the immune response of plants and promote root development.

6. The method for preparing a biological fertilizer beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Grind humic acid, seaweed extract, selenium-enriched yeast and organosilicon nanoparticles into 60 meshes respectively, and sieve to remove coarse particles that do not meet the particle size requirements, then evenly stir the earthworm manure and dry it. The drying temperature is controlled at 50-55° C. to avoid excessive decomposition of organic matter while maintaining its nutritional components; S2. The pretreated raw materials are mixed in the following proportions: 20-30 parts of organic matter, 10-20 parts of earthworm castings, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2 parts of organosilicon nanoparticles, 10-15 parts of microbial agents, 15-25 parts of mature compost, and 5-10 parts of seaweed extract. The mixture is fully stirred for 15-20 minutes at 25-30°C using a double-shaft mixer to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed. The mixed materials must be evenly moistened and the water content is controlled at 30-35%. At the same time, the mixing uniformity is tested to ensure that the uniformity of the mixture reaches more than 95%; S3, the mixed materials are piled into a compost pile with a height of 1.5 meters and a width of 2 meters, and an aerobic fermentation process is adopted. Microbial agents are added during the fermentation process, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 35-45°C. The pile is turned every 2-3 days, and the temperature and humidity of the pile are monitored in real time to ensure ventilation of the materials. The fermentation cycle is 15-20 days, until the materials are fully decomposed, the color becomes darker and there is no odor; S4. Send the fermented material to the drying equipment for low-temperature drying. The drying temperature is controlled at 50-60°C and the drying time is 6-8 hours. Ensure that the moisture content of the material is less than 10%, and check the moisture content regularly to keep it uniform; S5. The dried material is crushed into 80 meshes using a pulverizer to ensure the particle fineness, and granulated by an extrusion granulator. The obtained particles have a diameter of 2-4 mm and a uniform particle shape; the surface of the particles is sprayed with a suspension of organic silicon nanoparticles to enhance the stability of the particles, and then the particles are placed in a drying device for secondary drying to improve the mechanical strength and stability of the particles; S6. After granulation is completed, the particles are sent to the cooling tower for rapid cooling. The cooling temperature is controlled below 25°C to prevent high temperature from affecting the performance of the particles. The cooled particles are passed through screening equipment to remove particles whose diameters deviate from the specified range to ensure the consistency of the particle size of the product. Finally, the particles that meet the particle size requirements are vacuum packed or sealed and stored in a cool and dry place.

7. The method for preparing a biological fertilizer beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: The proportion of microbial agents added during the S3 fermentation process is 10-15% of the total weight of organic matter, and the pile is turned every 2 days during the fermentation period to ensure uniform fermentation and monitor the oxygen concentration in the pile in real time.

8. The method for preparing a biological fertilizer beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S4 drying step is carried out using a drying device with a temperature controlled at 50-60°C for 6-8 hours to ensure that the moisture content of the material is controlled below 10%, and the drying status is checked regularly to avoid over-drying.

9. The method for preparing a biological fertilizer beneficial to the growth of crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S5 granulation process adopts an extrusion granulation method, the diameter of the obtained granules is 2-4 mm, the hardness of the granules is controlled at 5-10N, and a fluidity test is used to ensure the smoothness of the granules during application.

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