Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water and preparation method of Raney nickel electrode

Abstract

The invention discloses a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water and a preparation method of the Raney nickel electrode. The preparation method comprises the steps of electro-deposition of a porous nickel substrate, electro-deposition of a nickel-zinc alloy on the porous nickel substrate, chemical dezincification activation of the nickel-zinc alloy, electro-curing of the activated Raney nickel electrode and the like. Through a technical route of combining electro-deposition and activation curing treatment, on the basis of ensuring high catalytic activity and high specific surface area, controllable design of a microstructure is realized, and the mechanical strength and stability of the electrode are remarkably improved. The Raney nickel electrode prepared by the invention is suitable for a water electrolysis hydrogen production process, and especially shows excellent durability and electro-catalytic performance under complex industrial conditions such as large current, high temperature and high voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and more specifically, to a Raney nickel electrode for hydrogen production by water electrolysis and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a secondary energy carrier, hydrogen energy has become one of the most popular future energy solutions due to its high energy density, zero carbon emissions and wide range of sources. Among the many methods for preparing hydrogen, water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is considered to be one of the most promising hydrogen production technologies due to its simple process, environmental protection and pollution-free, and wide sources of raw materials. However, the key to the efficiency and cost of water electrolysis hydrogen production lies in the selection and performance of electrode materials. Therefore, the development of highly active, low-cost, and structurally stable electrode materials is crucial to improving the efficiency of water electrolysis hydrogen production.

[0003] Raney nickel is a typical electrocatalytic material. It is widely used in the process of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water due to its excellent catalytic activity, high specific surface area and low cost. Raney nickel is usually prepared by removing aluminum from nickel-aluminum alloy. After this treatment, a porous structure is formed on the surface of the material, which provides a large specific surface area and is conducive to the electrochemical reaction. However, the preparation technology of traditional Raney nickel electrodes still has many shortcomings, which restricts its further application and promotion.

[0004] First, the traditional Raney nickel electrode has the problem of insufficient mechanical strength. The commonly used Raney nickel electrode is mainly prepared by spraying or coating the catalytic layer on a nickel mesh substrate. Although the preparation process of this method is relatively simple, due to the weak bonding between the catalytic layer and the substrate, it is easily affected by high temperature, high pressure and bubble erosion under industrial water electrolysis conditions, resulting in the catalytic layer peeling off or cracking. Damage to the electrode structure not only reduces the catalytic performance, but also significantly shortens the service life and increases maintenance costs. Therefore, how to improve the mechanical stability of the Raney nickel electrode and enhance the bonding between the catalytic layer and the substrate is a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently in current technology.

[0005] Secondly, the microstructure of traditional Raney nickel electrodes is uncontrollable, making it difficult to achieve precise design and optimization. The existing technology mainly adopts the method of direct spraying of molten nickel-aluminum alloy to prepare Raney nickel electrodes. The surface structure of the obtained material is highly dependent on random factors in the spraying process, and it is difficult to form a regular porous structure. Although these materials have a high specific surface area, the irregular pore distribution limits the effective discharge of bubbles, which easily leads to bubbles blocking the reaction sites during the reaction, reducing the catalytic activity and reaction efficiency. In addition, due to the uncontrollable structure, the catalytic performance of traditional Raney nickel electrodes under high current conditions is often difficult to further optimize, and cannot meet the needs of high-efficiency water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

[0006] Therefore, developing a method for preparing Raney nickel electrodes that can simultaneously meet the requirements of high specific surface area, high activity, controllable structure and excellent mechanical strength has become a hot topic and difficulty in current research. Summary of the invention

[0007] Due to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a Raney nickel electrode for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and a preparation method thereof, which realizes the controllable design of the microstructure on the basis of ensuring high catalytic activity and high specific surface area through a technical route combining electrodeposition and activation and curing treatment, and significantly improves the mechanical strength and stability of the electrode. The Raney nickel electrode prepared by the present invention is suitable for the process of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, and exhibits excellent durability and electrocatalytic performance under complex industrial conditions such as high current, high temperature and high pressure.

[0008] To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, comprising:

[0009] Step S1, cutting the conductive substrate into a desired size, and cleaning and drying it to remove surface oxides and contaminants; preparing a first electroplating solution containing nickel salt, iron salt and ammonium chloride, wherein:

[0010] Nickel ions come from nickel chloride or nickel sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~1.0 M;

[0011] Ammonium chloride and / or boric acid are used as buffers and complexing agents at a concentration of 0.5 to 4.0 M; ammonium chloride and boric acid can buffer hydrogen ions when used alone or together;

[0012] The solution pH was adjusted to 3.0-6.0;

[0013] Step S2, immersing the pretreated conductive substrate in the first electroplating solution to form a porous nickel substrate by a nickel electrodeposition process; the process parameters are:

[0014] The current density is controlled at 0.3~3 A / cm²;

[0015] The electrodeposition time is 100~1000 s;

[0016] The solution temperature is maintained at 10-40°C;

[0017] Step S3, preparing a second electroplating solution containing nickel salt, zinc salt and ammonium chloride, wherein:

[0018] Nickel ions come from nickel chloride or nickel sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~0.5 M;

[0019] Zinc ions come from zinc chloride or zinc sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~0.1M;

[0020] Ammonium chloride and / or boric acid are used as buffers and complexing agents at a concentration of 0.5 to 4.0 M; ammonium chloride and boric acid can buffer hydrogen ions when used alone or together;

[0021] The concentration ratio of the nickel ions to the zinc ions is 1 to 5:1;

[0022] The solution pH is adjusted to 3.0-6.0; the porous nickel substrate is immersed in the second electroplating solution, and a Raney nickel electrode is obtained by electroplating a nickel-zinc alloy; the electroplating process parameters are:

[0023] The current density is 0.01~0.05 A / cm²;

[0024] The electrodeposition time is 50~1000 s;

[0025] The solution temperature is controlled at 40~80℃;

[0026] Step S4, activation treatment of the Raney nickel electrode: immersing the Raney nickel electrode in a hot alkaline solution for dezincification activation treatment;

[0027] Step S5, cleaning and drying the activated Raney nickel electrode, and then performing current curing treatment: connecting both ends of the activated Raney nickel electrode to a high-power DC power supply, and passing an instantaneous DC current of 50~250A / cm²; after the instantaneous DC current treatment within 1 second, removing the high-power DC power supply, and performing cooling to obtain a Raney nickel electrode for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.

[0028] The preparation method includes the steps of electroplating a porous nickel substrate, electroplating a nickel-zinc alloy on the porous nickel substrate, dezincifying and activating the nickel-zinc alloy, and electrocuring the activated Raney nickel electrode. These four processes are interrelated. The porous nickel substrate not only provides a firm bonding substrate for the deposition of the nickel-zinc alloy, but also ensures the bonding strength between the Raney nickel electrode and the substrate even after the activation and curing process, and optimizes the bubble emission and the transmission path of the reaction substances when the electrode is used, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency of the electrode; the activation process of the nickel-zinc alloy generates a porous Raney nickel catalytic layer with a high specific surface area, and the instant curing not only enhances the mechanical strength and stability of the electrode, but also effectively preserves the superficial porous characteristics of the electrode, thereby ensuring the good catalytic activity of the electrode.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S2, the conductive substrate is used as a working electrode, the platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode. The first electroplating solution is placed in the three-electrode system for constant current electrodeposition.

[0030] Furthermore, the first electroplating solution comprises:

[0031] Nickel chloride : 0.5 M;

[0032] Ammonium chloride : 2.0 M;

[0033] Boric acid : 0.5 M;

[0034] pH was adjusted to 4.5;

[0035] The electrodeposition parameters in the first electroplating solution are as follows:

[0036] Current density: 1.5 A / cm²; Deposition time: 600 s; Temperature: 25°C.

[0037] Furthermore, in step S3, the porous nickel substrate is used as a working electrode, the platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, and the second electroplating solution is placed in the electrode system for constant current electrodeposition.

[0038] Furthermore, the second electroplating solution comprises:

[0039] Nickel chloride : 0.2 M;

[0040] Zinc chloride : 0.1 M;

[0041] Ammonium chloride : 2.0 M;

[0042] pH adjusted to 4.0;

[0043] The electrodeposition parameters in the second electroplating solution are as follows:

[0044] Current density: 0.02 A / cm²; deposition time: 800 s; temperature: 60°C.

[0045] Furthermore, the hot alkali is a 10% to 30% sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at a temperature of 80°C.

[0046] Furthermore, in step S5, after curing is completed, the electrode is quickly taken out and placed in room temperature air to cool, and the residual substances on the surface are rinsed with deionized water. Finally, it is dried and sealed for storage to prevent environmental humidity or oxidation from affecting the electrode performance.

[0047] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, which is prepared by the preparation method of the Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water as described above.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0049] (1) The method of the present invention significantly improves the structural controllability, mechanical strength and catalytic performance of the electrode by combining electrodeposition with activation and curing treatment.

[0050] (2) The present invention adopts the electrodeposition technology to prepare the porous nickel substrate, forming a regular and uniform pore structure, effectively optimizing the bubble emission and the transmission path of the reaction substances, and improving the electrolysis efficiency. In addition, the porous Raney nickel catalyst layer is generated by electrodepositing the nickel-zinc alloy layer and activating it with alkaline solution, retaining the characteristics of high specific surface area; instant curing enhances the mechanical bonding force and stability of the electrode, thereby avoiding the problem of catalyst layer peeling.

[0051] (3) The process of the present invention is simple, easy to control, and suitable for large-scale production. The prepared electrode exhibits excellent durability and electrocatalytic performance under high temperature, high pressure and high current density, and has broad application prospects in new energy fields such as water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and fuel cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a porous nickel substrate in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 3 FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a nickel-zinc alloy on a porous nickel substrate in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the nickel-zinc alloy after dezincification and activation treatment in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a Raney nickel electrode after curing in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 6 The overpotential test curves of the Raney nickel electrode prepared in one embodiment of the present invention and the comparative example are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0059] The reaction devices, compounds and solvents involved in the following embodiments and examples are all commercially available. The detection instruments and detection reagents involved in the following effect embodiments are all commercially available, and the detection methods used are the prior art that can be retrieved.

[0060] The execution order of actions, steps, etc. in the devices and methods shown in the claims, specifications and drawings can be implemented in any order as long as there is no special explicit limitation on the order and as long as the output of the previous processing is not used in the subsequent processing.

[0061] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0062] See also Figure 1 The present invention discloses a novel method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Preparation of porous nickel substrate

[0064] S1. Substrate pretreatment

[0065] Cut the nickel mesh or other conductive substrate into the required size, clean and dry it, and more specifically, pickle, water and alcohol wash in sequence to remove surface oxides and pollutants, improve electroplating bonding, and ensure the surface cleanliness of the substrate. Pickling can be done with dilute hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solution, with the concentration controlled between 5% and 10%.

[0066] Electroplating solution preparation

[0067] A first electroplating solution containing a nickel salt and a buffer is prepared to ensure solution stability and effective deposition of nickel ions.

[0068] Nickel ions come from nickel chloride or nickel sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~1.0 M;

[0069] The buffer and complexing agent are ammonium chloride or boric acid, with a concentration of 0.5~4.0 M;

[0070] The pH of the solution was adjusted to 3.0~6.0.

[0071] S2. Electroplating process control

[0072] The pretreated substrate is immersed in the first electroplating solution to form a porous nickel substrate through a nickel electrodeposition process. The process parameters are as follows:

[0073] The current density is controlled at 0.3~3 A / cm²;

[0074] The electrodeposition time is 100~1000 s;

[0075] The solution temperature was maintained at 10~40℃.

[0076] See also Figure 2The electroplating solution and electrodeposition process parameters ensure the formation of a porous nickel structure with highly uniform and interconnected pores, providing excellent mechanical support and conductive skeleton for the deposition of subsequent catalytic layers.

[0077] Step 2: Deposition of Raney Nickel Catalytic Layer

[0078] Electroplating solution preparation

[0079] A nickel-zinc alloy layer is deposited on the porous nickel substrate to further enhance the catalytic activity and achieve controllable structural design. The second electroplating solution includes:

[0080] Nickel ions come from nickel chloride or nickel sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~0.5 M;

[0081] Zinc ions come from zinc chloride or zinc sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~0.1M;

[0082] The buffer and complexing agent are ammonium chloride or boric acid, with a concentration of 0.5 to 4.0 M;

[0083] The concentration ratio of the nickel ions to the zinc ions is 1-5:1;

[0084] The pH of the solution was adjusted to 3.0~6.0.

[0085] S3. Electroplating process control

[0086] The porous nickel substrate is immersed in the second electroplating solution to prepare a nickel-zinc alloy catalyst layer by an electrodeposition method. The specific electroplating parameters are as follows:

[0087] The current density is 0.01~0.05 A / cm²;

[0088] The electrodeposition time is 50~1000 s;

[0089] The solution temperature is controlled between 40 and 80°C.

[0090] See also Figure 3 The nickel-zinc alloy layer formed by controlling the electroplating solution and the electroplating process parameters has a denser and smoother surface structure.

[0091] Step 3: Activation

[0092] Pre-treatment

[0093] The nickel-zinc alloy Raney nickel electrode was cleaned and dried.

[0094] S4. Immerse the nickel-zinc alloy Raney nickel electrode in a hot alkaline solution for dezincification activation treatment. The hot alkaline solution is preferably a 10% to 30% sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at a temperature of 80°C. For example, zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide to generate soluble sodium zincate and hydrogen, and the reaction equation is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] The processing time is 5 to 30 minutes, which is determined according to the electrode thickness and the residual amount of deep zinc.

[0097] See also Figure 4 ,After the treatment is completed, zinc is almost completely removed, and the electrode porous structure is formed and stabilized.

[0098] Cleaning and post-processing

[0099] Cleaning: Use deionized water to thoroughly rinse the residual alkali and dissolved products (such as zinc hydroxide) on the electrode surface;

[0100] Drying: Place the cleaned electrode in a drying oven at 100°C to 200°C to ensure complete dehydration;

[0101] Storage: Store the dried electrode in a sealed container to prevent the performance from being affected by environmental humidity.

[0102] S5, current curing

[0103] 1. Current curing equipment and parameter settings

[0104] Current source selection: Use high-power pulse DC power supply to ensure stable output of instantaneous current.

[0105] Current parameters: Apply instantaneous DC current of 50~250A / cm²;

[0106] Power-on time: within 1s, control instantaneous pulse heating to avoid structural damage and local overburning.

[0107] 2. Instant curing mechanism

[0108] Joule heating effect: When current passes through the electrode, Joule heating effect is generated, causing the electrode surface and internal structure to instantly heat up to a high temperature of 800°C to 1000°C;

[0109] Crystal structure reorganization: Under high temperature conditions, the microcrystalline particles in the porous skeleton of the electrode are rapidly sintered and recrystallized to form a stable and dense crystal network structure;

[0110] Enhanced mechanical strength: During the sintering process, the particles in the porous network fuse and strengthen each other to improve the overall compression and erosion resistance.

[0111] 3. Cooling and protection treatment

[0112] After curing is completed, the electrode is immediately removed from the current source and rapidly cooled with air or deionized water to avoid overheating of the structure, resulting in shrinkage or cracking;

[0113] After cleaning, the residual substances on the surface are dried and sealed for storage to further prevent environmental humidity or oxidation from affecting the electrode performance.

[0114] In order to better reflect the technical effect of the present invention, we provide a pair of ratios to obtain a control Raney nickel electrode.

[0115] Comparative Example

[0116] The control Raney nickel electrode sample was prepared by first spraying or coating nickel-aluminum alloy powder on a nickel mesh substrate and then removing the aluminum element by hot alkali immersion.

[0117] The preparation process of the product of the present invention and its excellent properties are described below with a typical implementation example.

[0118] Example

[0119] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0120] 1. Substrate pretreatment

[0121] A stainless steel nickel mesh with a thickness of 0.2 mm and a pore size of 100 μm was selected as the substrate material and cut into 20 mm × 20 mm samples. The following treatments were performed in sequence:

[0122] (1) Soak the nickel mesh in 10% dilute hydrochloric acid solution and ultrasonically clean it for 10 minutes to remove surface oxides and impurities.

[0123] (2) Rinse thoroughly with deionized water and then ultrasonically clean in anhydrous ethanol for 5 minutes to remove organic contaminants.

[0124] (3) Rinse again with deionized water and dry in an oven at 60°C for 10 minutes for later use.

[0125] 2. Preparation of porous nickel substrate

[0126] (1) Preparation of electroplating solution

[0127] Prepare a plating solution containing the following ingredients:

[0128] Nickel chloride : 0.5 M;

[0129] Ammonium chloride : 2.0 M;

[0130] Boric acid : 0.5 M;

[0131] The pH was adjusted to 4.5.

[0132] (2) Electrodeposition process

[0133] The pretreated nickel mesh sample was used as the working electrode, the platinum sheet was used as the counter electrode, and the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was used as the reference electrode, and placed in a three-electrode system for electrodeposition. The specific parameters are as follows:

[0134] Current density: 1.5 A / cm²; Deposition time: 600 s; Temperature: 25°C.

[0135] See also Figure 2 After deposition, a large number of pores are evenly distributed on the surface of the porous nickel substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization shows that the pore size is 50~100 nm and is evenly distributed, providing excellent mechanical support for the subsequent catalytic layer deposition.

[0136] 3. Preparation of Ni-Zn Alloy Catalytic Layer

[0137] (1) Preparation of electroplating solution

[0138] Prepare a plating solution containing the following ingredients:

[0139] Nickel chloride : 0.2 M;

[0140] Zinc chloride : 0.1 M;

[0141] Ammonium chloride : 2.0 M;

[0142] The pH was adjusted to 4.0.

[0143] (2) Electrodeposition process

[0144] The prepared porous nickel substrate was used as the working electrode, the platinum sheet was used as the counter electrode, and constant current deposition was adopted:

[0145] Current density: 0.02 A / cm²; deposition time: 800 s; temperature: 60°C.

[0146] See also Figure 3 After deposition, a smooth and dense nickel-zinc alloy layer is formed, which further enhances the stability of the catalytic layer.

[0147] 4. Activation treatment

[0148] (1) Preparation of dezincification solution

[0149] Dissolve 300 g of potassium hydroxide in 700 mL of deionized water to prepare a 30% potassium hydroxide solution.

[0150] (2) Dezincification process

[0151] Immerse the electroplated nickel-zinc alloy sample completely in the dezincification solution and keep the temperature at 80°C. Bubbles will be generated during the reaction. Stir gently to ensure that the reaction is uniform until the reaction stops (about 10 minutes).

[0152] (3) Cleaning and drying

[0153] The sample was taken out and repeatedly rinsed with deionized water until the pH value was close to neutral, and finally dried in an oven at 60° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a porous Raney nickel electrode.

[0154] 5. Instant curing process

[0155] (1) Curing device setting

[0156] Current source: Use adjustable high-power pulse power supply;

[0157] Curing electrode fixture: ensure good contact between electrode and power supply and reduce resistance loss;

[0158] Current density: set to 200A / cm².

[0159] (2) Curing process control

[0160] Connect the activated electrode to the power supply and apply a high-intensity direct current of 200A / cm² instantaneously within 1 second.

[0161] The surface and interior of the electrode rapidly heat up to about 900°C due to the Joule heating effect, prompting the nickel particles to recrystallize and sinter.

[0162] (3) Cooling and post-processing

[0163] After curing, quickly take out the electrode and place it in room temperature air to cool, and rinse the surface residue with deionized water. Finally, dry and seal it to prevent the influence of environmental humidity on the performance of the electrode.

[0164] See also Figure 5 The catalytic layer of the Raney nickel electrode prepared by the above steps is polymerized as a whole to form a micron-sized block with a certain mechanical strength, but the surface still maintains a uniform nano-sized porous structure and retains the characteristics of a high specific surface area. Therefore, the Raney nickel electrode has excellent mechanical bonding strength and stability as well as catalytic performance.

[0165] Electrode testing

[0166] The control Raney nickel electrode and the Raney nickel electrode prepared in the example were used as cathodes of a water electrolysis hydrogen production electrolyzer to carry out electrochemical performance tests, see Figure 6 It can be found that the electrolysis overpotential of the Raney nickel electrode prepared in the embodiment is low and long-term stable (3000h), and stable and excellent water electrolysis performance can be achieved.

[0167] In summary, the present invention provides a Raney nickel electrode for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of electrodepositing a porous nickel substrate, electrodepositing a nickel-zinc alloy on the porous nickel substrate, chemically dezincifying and activating the nickel-zinc alloy, and electrocuring the activated Raney nickel electrode. The present invention realizes a controllable design of the microstructure while ensuring high catalytic activity and high specific surface area through a technical route combining electrodeposition and activation and curing treatment, and significantly improves the mechanical strength and stability of the electrode. The Raney nickel electrode prepared by the present invention is suitable for the process of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, and exhibits excellent durability and electrocatalytic performance, especially under complex industrial conditions such as high current, high temperature and high pressure.

[0168] Those skilled in the art should understand that those skilled in the art can implement variations by combining the prior art and the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. Such variations do not affect the essential content of the present invention, and will not be described in detail here.

[0169] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the systems and structures that are not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; any technician familiar with the art can use the above-disclosed methods and technical contents to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes, which does not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, characterized in that: include: Step S1, cutting the conductive substrate into a desired size, and cleaning and drying the conductive substrate to remove surface oxides and contaminants; A first electroplating solution containing a nickel salt, an iron salt and ammonium chloride is prepared, wherein: Nickel ions come from nickel chloride or nickel sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~1.0 M; Ammonium chloride and / or boric acid as buffer and complexing agent, with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 M; The solution pH was adjusted to 3.0-6.0; Step S2, immersing the pretreated conductive substrate in the first electroplating solution to form a porous nickel substrate by a nickel electrodeposition process; the process parameters are: The current density is controlled at 0.3~3 A / cm²; The electrodeposition time is 100~1000 s; The solution temperature is maintained at 10-40°C; Step S3, preparing a second electroplating solution containing nickel salt, zinc salt and ammonium chloride, wherein: Nickel ions come from nickel chloride or nickel sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~0.5 M; Zinc ions come from zinc chloride or zinc sulfate, with a concentration of 0.01~0.1M; Ammonium chloride and / or boric acid as buffer and complexing agent, with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 M; The concentration ratio of the nickel ions to the zinc ions is 1-5:1; The solution pH is adjusted to 3.0-6.0; the porous nickel substrate is immersed in the second electroplating solution, and a Raney nickel electrode is obtained by electroplating a nickel-zinc alloy; the electroplating process parameters are: The current density is 0.01~0.05 A / cm²; The electrodeposition time is 50~1000 s; The solution temperature is controlled at 40~80℃; Step S4, activation treatment of the Raney nickel electrode: immersing the Raney nickel electrode in a hot alkaline solution for dezincification activation treatment; Step S5, cleaning and drying the activated Raney nickel electrode, and then performing current curing treatment: connecting both ends of the activated Raney nickel electrode to a high-power DC power supply, and passing an instantaneous DC current of 50~250A / cm²; after the instantaneous DC current treatment within 1 second, removing the high-power DC power supply, and performing cooling to obtain a Raney nickel electrode for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.

2. The method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the conductive substrate is used as a working electrode, the platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode. The first electroplating solution is placed in the three-electrode system for constant current electrodeposition.

3. The method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first electroplating solution comprises: Nickel chloride : 0.5 M; Ammonium chloride : 2.0 M; Boric acid : 0.5 M; pH was adjusted to 4.5; The electrodeposition parameters in the first electroplating solution are as follows: Current density: 1.5 A / cm²; Deposition time: 600 s; Temperature: 25°C.

4. The method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In the step S3, the porous nickel substrate is used as a working electrode, the platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, and the second electroplating solution is placed in the electrode system for constant current electrodeposition.

5. The method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second electroplating solution comprises: Nickel chloride : 0.2 M; Zinc chloride : 0.1 M; Ammonium chloride : 2.0 M; pH adjusted to 4.0; The electrodeposition parameters in the second electroplating solution are as follows: Current density: 0.02 A / cm²; deposition time: 800 s; temperature: 60°C.

6. The method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The hot alkali is a 10% to 30% sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at a temperature of 80°C.

7. The method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, after the curing is completed, the electrode is quickly taken out and placed in room temperature air to cool, and the residual substances on the surface are washed with deionized water, and finally dried and sealed for storage.

8. A Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, characterized in that: The electrode is prepared by the method for preparing a Raney nickel electrode for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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