System and method suitable for measuring spontaneous combustion three zones in goaf of steeply inclined coal seam

Abstract

The invention provides a system and method suitable for measuring spontaneous combustion three zones in a steeply inclined coal seam goaf, the system comprises fixed monitoring point arrangement and mobile monitoring equipment, through combination of distributed multi-parameter monitoring and mobile monitoring equipment, the spontaneous combustion three zones in the steeply inclined coal seam goaf are accurately measured, and when abnormity is monitored, early warning is given out in time. The problems that a traditional measuring method has limitation and is more not suitable for a special steeply inclined coal seam goaf and the like are solved. Belongs to the technical field of steeply inclined coal seam well three-zone measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a system and method suitable for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in a goaf of a steeply inclined coal seam, belonging to the technical field of three-zone measurement in a steeply inclined coal seam well. Background Art

[0002] Due to the special geological structure of the steeply inclined coal seam itself, the various process operations such as transportation, goaf treatment, prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion and roof management in the mine production process are somewhat particular compared with the mining of nearly horizontal coal seams. The prevention and control of spontaneous combustion disasters in this area is relatively difficult. The gas and oxygen in the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam are unevenly distributed, and gas accumulation is prone to occur. Affected by the inclination of the coal seam and the gas flow in the goaf, the "three zones" of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam are irregularly distributed. The spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf is highly harmful and difficult to handle, and is one of the major disasters faced in coal mining. Therefore, accurately identifying the "three zones" of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams is of great significance to ensuring the safety of steeply inclined coal seam mines and improving mine efficiency.

[0003] The traditional method of measuring the "three zones" in goaf is generally used for gently inclined coal seams. Most of them monitor the oxygen concentration at fixed points and divide the spontaneous combustion "three zones". The fixed monitoring points of this method cannot be flexibly distributed and the data cannot be dynamically distributed, making the monitoring not comprehensive and real-time. The traditional measurement method has limitations and is not suitable for special goafs in steeply inclined coal seams.

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a system and method for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goaf areas of steeply inclined coal seams. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a system and method suitable for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goafs of steeply inclined coal seams, so as to solve the problems that traditional measuring methods have limitations and are not suitable for special goafs of steeply inclined coal seams.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, it is planned to adopt a system suitable for the measurement of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, including the layout of fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment. Through the combination of distributed multi-parameter monitoring and mobile monitoring equipment, the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams can be accurately measured. When abnormalities are detected, early warnings will be issued in time.

[0007] In the aforementioned system, both the fixed monitoring points and the mobile monitoring equipment have data monitoring equipment for collecting relevant parameters, and the relevant parameters include at least temperature, oxygen concentration and gas concentration. The data monitoring equipment at the fixed monitoring points continuously monitors and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center through the wireless communication module. The mobile monitoring equipment is located at the periphery of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf and moves back and forth periodically along the steeply inclined direction. When the mobile monitoring equipment moves to a set location distributed on the moving trajectory, the data monitoring equipment is started for monitoring, and the monitoring data is uploaded to the ground monitoring center through the wireless communication module.

[0008] In order to achieve full coverage detection of different directions and dip distances in the goaf, the relevant details of the layout of fixed monitoring points are as follows: fixed monitoring points are arranged at different heights and areas along the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, with an interval of 20m-30m between the fixed monitoring points, and the fixed monitoring points are evenly spaced and selected at different depths at the upper and lower ends and on the left and right sides of the goaf to form a multi-layer monitoring network.

[0009] In the above-mentioned system, the ground monitoring center uses data fusion algorithm and simulation to build a three-dimensional distribution model of the steep goaf based on the temperature, oxygen and gas concentrations for the received monitoring data. The three zones are determined according to the temperature, oxygen and gas concentrations: the area with oxygen concentration ≥18% and low gas concentration is determined as the heat dissipation zone, the area with low gas concentration, 8%≤oxygen concentration≤18% and temperature rise ≥1°C / d is determined as the oxidation zone, and the area with high gas concentration, oxygen concentration ≤8% and relatively stable temperature is determined as the asphyxiation zone.

[0010] When the oxygen concentration at a sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system automatically sends out a warning signal and marks the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

[0011] In the above system, a data fusion algorithm and simulation are used to establish a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf based on temperature, oxygen and gas concentration, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] 1) Data preprocessing: Preprocess the monitoring data collected by fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment, including geometric correction, atmospheric correction, radiation correction and spatial registration, to eliminate errors caused by different sensors and environmental factors;

[0013] 2) Data fusion: Data from different sources are integrated using data fusion algorithms, such as Orthogonal Sequential Fusion (OSF) or BalanceMLA framework. These algorithms can enhance orthogonality, extract unique information from each data type, and dynamically balance and optimize the contribution of each modality. Data fusion methods are divided into pixel-based fusion, feature-based fusion, and decision-based fusion. The appropriate fusion algorithm is selected according to the fusion purpose and fusion level.

[0014] 3) Establishment of three-dimensional model: Based on the fused data, the finite volume method is used to establish a discretized coupling model of the oxygen field and temperature field in the goaf; the goaf coupling field model is constructed by considering the porosity distribution, oxygen consumption rate variation with temperature, and heat release intensity variation with temperature in the goaf;

[0015] 4) Simulation: Use simulation platforms, such as coal mine safety management decision-making models and simulation research platforms based on big data mining, to monitor, warn and make decisions on coal mine safety; simulate the oxygen concentration distribution and temperature distribution of goaf areas, and divide the three spontaneous combustion zones through simulation;

[0016] 5) Result analysis and verification: Analyze the simulation results to determine the specific location and range of the heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone and asphyxiation zone; verify at the project site and compare the simulation results of oxygen concentration and temperature distribution with the actual monitoring data to verify the accuracy of the model;

[0017] 6) Early warning and decision support: According to the simulation results, when the oxygen concentration at a sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system automatically issues an early warning signal and marks the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

[0018] The aforementioned system also includes a walking track and a fixed bracket, wherein the walking track is fixedly fixed on the outer coal wall of the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam through the fixed bracket, and a walking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the mobile monitoring device and reciprocates on the walking track through the walking mechanism, and the walking mechanism is equipped with a cable traction or slide rail system so that it can move freely up and down on the inclined path of the coal seam;

[0019] In the above-mentioned system, the data monitoring equipment includes an oxygen detector, a temperature sensor and a gas detector. The selected sensors need to have the characteristics of fast sampling speed, high accuracy and strong anti-interference ability, so as to meet the monitoring needs in the complex environment of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf. The data of the fixed monitoring points are uploaded to the ground monitoring center in real time via wireless transmission to ensure that the dynamic changes of each fixed point in the goaf can be recorded; the mobile monitoring equipment collects oxygen concentration, temperature and gas concentration at each stop point, and the data is recorded via wireless transmission or storage card and uploaded to the ground monitoring center regularly. The stop points are set at intervals of 3-5 meters.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. Combining distributed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment, full coverage monitoring of different distances in the goaf inclination and strike can accurately divide the oxidation zone, asphyxiation zone and heat dissipation zone of the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, and fully grasp the gas and temperature distribution in the goaf.

[0022] 2. Design a set of portable or track-mounted mobile monitoring equipment equipped with multi-parameter sensors. The mobile monitoring equipment is highly flexible and can timely inspect the blind areas that are difficult to cover in inclined areas. It can automatically move up and down along the inclination of the coal seam and collect data to monitor the gas concentration and temperature changes in the goaf in real time.

[0023] 3. The invention combines fixed monitoring and mobile monitoring to obtain real-time dynamic data and timely track risk changes in the goaf. The system establishes an early warning mechanism based on multi-parameter real-time monitoring data. Once the data is abnormal, the system automatically triggers an alarm.

[0024] The combination of fixed and mobile monitoring also has the following advantages:

[0025] Improve monitoring coverage and flexibility: Fixed monitoring stations can provide long-term and stable data, while mobile monitoring equipment can cover a wider area, especially in hard-to-reach places or monitoring blind spots, improving monitoring flexibility and coverage; Enhance data representativeness and accuracy: Mobile monitoring equipment can provide data with high temporal and spatial resolution, which helps to more accurately reflect the actual status of environmental quality, especially in complex urban environments; Real-time monitoring and rapid response: Fixed monitoring stations can achieve continuous, unmanned monitoring projects, while mobile monitoring equipment can be quickly deployed and immediately start monitoring, and can obtain data in a timely manner for analysis and response; Improve the quality and reliability of monitoring data: Through the combination of fixed and mobile monitoring, data can be calibrated and verified with each other to improve the quality and reliability of monitoring data; Adapt to changing environmental conditions: Mobile monitoring equipment can be based on The monitoring location can be flexibly adjusted according to changes in environmental conditions, while fixed monitoring stations provide a stable source of data. The combination of the two can better adapt to changing environmental conditions; enhance early warning and emergency response capabilities: the combination of fixed and mobile monitoring can more comprehensively monitor environmental changes, timely warn of potential risks, and improve emergency response capabilities; data fusion and analysis: the large amount of data generated by mobile monitoring is combined with fixed monitoring data, which can conduct more in-depth data mining and analysis, and provide more comprehensive environmental quality information; improve the robustness of the monitoring system: the combined use of fixed monitoring stations and mobile monitoring equipment can continue to provide data from another system when one system fails, thereby enhancing the robustness of the monitoring system; support decision making: through the combination of fixed and mobile monitoring, more comprehensive data support can be provided to help decision makers develop more effective environmental management and response strategies.

[0026] Through the system described in this application, an accurate three-dimensional distribution model of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams can be established, and multi-parameter dynamic monitoring in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams can be realized. Through real-time data transmission with the ground monitoring center through wireless communication, a comprehensive three-zone distribution model can be established to provide effective support for fire prevention and safety management in goaf areas, and provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for coal mine safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0029] Among them, the reference numerals are: fixed monitoring point 1, track system 2, fixed support 3, mobile monitoring equipment 5, goaf 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] See attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 This embodiment improves the system for determining the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of a steeply inclined coal seam, and specifically provides a system suitable for determining the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of a steeply inclined coal seam, including fixed monitoring points 1 and mobile monitoring equipment 5. In order to achieve full coverage detection of different directions and dip distances of the goaf, the relevant details of the layout of the fixed monitoring points 1 are as follows: fixed monitoring points 1 are arranged at different heights and areas along the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam, with intervals of 20m-30m between the fixed monitoring points 1, and the fixed monitoring points 1 are evenly spaced and selected at different depths at the upper and lower ends and left and right sides of the goaf to form a multi-layer monitoring network.

[0033] Both the fixed monitoring point 1 and the mobile monitoring device 5 have data monitoring equipment for collecting relevant parameters, including temperature, oxygen concentration and gas concentration. The data monitoring equipment at the fixed monitoring point 1 continuously monitors and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center through the wireless communication module. The walking track 2 is fixed on the outer coal wall of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf through the fixed bracket 3. The bottom of the mobile monitoring device 5 is provided with a walking mechanism and reciprocates on the walking track 2 through the walking mechanism. The walking mechanism is equipped with a cable traction or slide rail system so that it can move freely up and down on the inclined path of the coal seam, so that the mobile monitoring device 5 is located on the periphery of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf and moves periodically reciprocatingly along the steeply inclined direction. When the mobile monitoring device 5 moves to the set location distributed on the moving trajectory, it starts the data monitoring device for monitoring and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center through the wireless communication module.

[0034] The data monitoring equipment includes an oxygen detector, a temperature sensor and a gas detector. The selected sensors need to have the characteristics of fast sampling speed, high precision and strong anti-interference ability, so as to meet the monitoring needs in the complex environment of the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam. The data of the fixed monitoring point 1 is uploaded to the ground monitoring center in real time through wireless transmission to ensure that the dynamic changes of each fixed point in the goaf can be recorded; the mobile monitoring device 5 collects oxygen concentration, temperature and gas concentration at each stop point, and the data is recorded through wireless transmission or storage card, and uploaded to the ground monitoring center regularly. The stop points are set every 3-5 meters. The main materials used in the fixed monitoring point 1 and the mobile monitoring device 5 are all corrosion-resistant and non-deformable lightweight alloy steel materials, which can bear the weight of the equipment and long-term operation; the walking track needs to adapt to the inclination of the steeply inclined coal seam and is designed as a bracket with adjustable inclination angle; the fixed bracket 3 mainly consists of a base, an adjustable column, a slide rail and a clamp, a manual spiral adjustment rod or a hydraulic cylinder, and an angle indicating device; the angle can be adjusted by rotating the adjustment rod or controlling the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the angle between the column and the base, thereby realizing the overall inclination of the bracket. The angle range can be designed to be 0°-90° to adapt to different coal seam inclinations. The wall steel pipe or drilling equipment is fixed to the slide rail by a clamp and accurately adjusted along the slide rail according to the drilling angle requirements. After adjusting to the target angle, the rotating shaft and clamp are locked to ensure that the bracket remains stable during operation. The sensor wiring lines are all set in the protection pipeline to prevent the lines from being damaged.

[0035] The ground monitoring center uses data fusion algorithms and simulations to build a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf based on the temperature, oxygen and gas concentrations for the received monitoring data. The three zones are determined according to the temperature, oxygen and gas concentrations: the area with oxygen concentration ≥18% and low gas concentration is determined as the heat dissipation zone, the area with low gas concentration, 8%≤oxygen concentration≤18% and temperature rise ≥1℃ / d is determined as the oxidation zone, and the area with high gas concentration, oxygen concentration ≤8% and relatively stable temperature (temperature rise ≤1℃ / d) is determined as the asphyxiation zone.

[0036] Using data fusion algorithm and simulation, a three-dimensional distribution model of steeply inclined goaf is established based on temperature, oxygen and gas concentration, which includes the following steps:

[0037] 1) Data preprocessing: Preprocess the monitoring data collected by the fixed monitoring point 1 and the mobile monitoring device 5, including geometric correction, atmospheric correction, radiation correction and spatial registration, to eliminate errors caused by different sensors and environmental factors;

[0038] 2) Data fusion: Data from different sources are integrated using data fusion algorithms, such as Orthogonal Sequential Fusion (OSF) or BalanceMLA framework. These algorithms can enhance orthogonality, extract unique information from each data type, and dynamically balance and optimize the contribution of each modality. Data fusion methods are divided into pixel-based fusion, feature-based fusion, and decision-based fusion. The appropriate fusion algorithm is selected according to the fusion purpose and fusion level.

[0039] 3) Establishment of three-dimensional model: Based on the fused data, the finite volume method is used to establish a discretized coupling model of the oxygen field and temperature field in the goaf; the goaf coupling field model is constructed by considering the porosity distribution, oxygen consumption rate variation with temperature, and heat release intensity variation with temperature in the goaf;

[0040] 4) Simulation: Use simulation platforms, such as coal mine safety management decision-making models and simulation research platforms based on big data mining, to monitor, warn and make decisions on coal mine safety; simulate the oxygen concentration distribution and temperature distribution of goaf areas, and divide the three spontaneous combustion zones through simulation;

[0041] 5) Result analysis and verification: Analyze the simulation results to determine the specific location and range of the heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone and asphyxiation zone; verify at the project site and compare the simulation results of oxygen concentration and temperature distribution with the actual monitoring data to verify the accuracy of the model;

[0042] 6) Early warning and decision support: According to the simulation results, when the oxygen concentration at a sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system automatically issues an early warning signal and marks the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] See attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 Based on Example 1, this example provides a method for measuring the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of a steeply inclined coal seam, which specifically includes:

[0045] The first step is to install the track system 2 along the inclination of the coal seam. The track system 2 is made of corrosion-resistant materials and designed at a suitable angle to adapt to the environment of the steeply inclined coal seam. The track is fixed to the coal wall by a fixed bracket, and anti-slip strips and brakes are set at the sampling point to ensure the stability of the equipment. The track system 2 sets sampling stops at a certain distance (3-5 meters), and the spacing between the stops is adjusted according to the structure of the goaf to ensure that the sampling range covers the entire goaf. A stable base is set at the bottom of the bracket, usually made of steel plates or other high-strength materials, to ensure the stability of the bracket in the inclined coal seam environment. The column adopts a joint structure, and its inclination angle can be adjusted mechanically or hydraulically. The bracket is equipped with a slide rail to fix the wall steel pipe or drilling equipment to ensure that the equipment can move smoothly when adjusting the angle. Clamps are set at both ends of the slide rail to firmly fix the steel pipe or sensor to avoid position deviation. A manual spiral adjustment rod or hydraulic cylinder is used to adjust the angle between the column and the base. A lockable rotating shaft is set at the connection between the column and the base to provide precise angle adjustment. An angle meter or tilt angle scale is installed on the bracket to display the tilt angle of the bracket in real time, which is convenient for operators to adjust.

[0046] The second step is to use a mobile monitoring device 5 equipped with portable oxygen, temperature and gas concentration monitoring instruments. The device includes a mobile power system, a wireless communication module and a data storage module, and can automatically move on the track system 2. The mobile monitoring device 5 is designed with an automatic stop sampling function. After stopping at a stop point for a few minutes to sample, it continues to move and collects oxygen, temperature and gas concentration data at different locations. This can be achieved by setting a control system.

[0047] Step 3: Fixed monitoring points 1 are arranged at key locations in the goaf to monitor the gas concentration and temperature changes in a specific area for a long time, and to supplement the dynamic monitoring data of the mobile monitoring equipment 5. These fixed monitoring points 1 are connected to the ground monitoring center via a wireless network to ensure synchronous data transmission.

[0048] In the fourth step, the mobile monitoring device 5 automatically runs on the goaf track and collects oxygen, temperature, and gas concentration data at each stop point in turn. The data acquisition module inside the device stores the sensor data and uploads it to the ground monitoring center in real time through the wireless network. The fixed monitoring point 1 continuously monitors the changes in various parameters. The data synchronization between the mobile monitoring device 5 and the fixed monitoring point 1 can obtain multi-dimensional data at different spatial locations and times.

[0049] The fifth step is to transmit the collected data to the ground monitoring center via Wi-Fi or other wireless communication methods. If the signal in the goaf is unstable, the built-in data storage module of the equipment will temporarily save the data and upload it when it reaches the track starting point or the signal stable area to ensure data integrity.

[0050] In the sixth step, after receiving the data from the mobile monitoring device 5 and the fixed monitoring point 1, the ground monitoring center uses the data fusion algorithm to integrate the oxygen, temperature and gas concentration data at different locations at the same time to form spatial distribution data. The data is filled with the blank areas between the sampling points through the interpolation algorithm to generate a continuous parameter distribution in the goaf and form a complete three-dimensional distribution model.

[0051] Step 7: According to the set oxygen, temperature and gas concentration thresholds, the three zones (oxidation zone, asphyxiation zone and normal zone) are automatically identified and marked, and the boundaries of different zones are divided. The three-zone distribution is visualized through a three-dimensional model, and the boundaries of the three zones are dynamically adjusted according to the update of new data.

[0052] In the eighth step, the ground monitoring center regularly analyzes the model data, identifies areas where the oxygen concentration is lower than the safe value or the temperature rises abnormally, and automatically generates high-risk area alarm information. The system marks the high-risk area as an "early warning area" and notifies the on-site management personnel to ensure that ventilation, cooling or nitrogen injection measures are taken in time to prevent fires.

[0053] Step 8: The mobile monitoring equipment 5 and the fixed monitoring point 1 need regular maintenance to ensure the accuracy of the sensor and the stable operation of the equipment. An automatic fault self-diagnosis system is established, and the equipment is returned to the base station for maintenance when low power or sensor abnormality is detected.

[0054] The ninth step is to store the historical monitoring data of the goaf in the database to facilitate future analysis of the changing trends of the three zones and the distribution of high-risk areas, and provide data support for goaf management.

[0055] The tenth step is to establish an emergency response plan for fire or gas accumulation in the goaf. For high-risk situations in the warning area, on-site personnel will be notified in real time to evacuate and take corresponding protective measures to ensure the safety of personnel in the mining area.

[0056] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples are only a part of the present invention, rather than all examples. The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention, without describing all the details in detail. According to the content of this specification, more modifications and changes can be made. Based on the embodiments and comparative examples in the present invention, all other embodiments and various modifications or supplements obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments and comparative examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments in a suitable manner.

Claims

1. A system suitable for measuring the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, characterized by: It includes the deployment of fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment. Through the combination of distributed multi-parameter monitoring and mobile monitoring equipment, the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams can be accurately measured. When abnormalities are detected, early warnings will be issued in a timely manner.

2. A system for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the fixed monitoring points and the mobile monitoring equipment have data monitoring equipment for collecting relevant parameters, which include at least temperature, oxygen concentration and gas concentration. The data monitoring equipment at the fixed monitoring points continuously monitors and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center through the wireless communication module. The mobile monitoring equipment is located at the periphery of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf and moves back and forth periodically along the steeply inclined direction. When the mobile monitoring equipment moves to a set location distributed on the moving trajectory, the data monitoring equipment is started for monitoring, and the monitoring data is uploaded to the ground monitoring center through the wireless communication module.

3. A system for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fixed monitoring points are arranged at different heights and areas along the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams. The fixed monitoring points are spaced 20m-30m apart and are evenly spaced. They are selected at different depths at the upper and lower ends and on the left and right sides of the goaf to form a multi-layer monitoring network.

4. A system for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground monitoring center uses data fusion algorithms and simulations to build a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf based on the temperature, oxygen and gas concentrations for the received monitoring data. The three zones are determined according to the temperature, oxygen and gas concentrations: the area with oxygen concentration ≥18% and low gas concentration is determined as the heat dissipation zone, the area with low gas concentration, 8%≤oxygen concentration≤18% and temperature increase ≥1℃ / d is determined as the oxidation zone, and the area with high gas concentration, oxygen concentration ≤8% and relatively stable temperature (temperature increase ≤1℃ / d) is determined as the asphyxiation zone. When the oxygen concentration at a sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system automatically sends out a warning signal and marks the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

5. A system for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 3, characterized in that: Using data fusion algorithm and simulation, a three-dimensional distribution model of steeply inclined goaf is established based on temperature, oxygen and gas concentration, which includes the following steps: 1) Data preprocessing: Preprocess the monitoring data collected by fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment, including geometric correction, atmospheric correction, radiation correction and spatial registration, to eliminate errors caused by different sensors and environmental factors; 2) Data fusion: Use data fusion algorithms to integrate data from different sources, extract unique information from each data type, and dynamically balance and optimize the contribution of each modality; select the appropriate fusion algorithm based on the fusion purpose and fusion level; 3) Establishment of three-dimensional model: Based on the fused data, the finite volume method is used to establish a discretized coupling model of the oxygen field and temperature field in the goaf; the goaf coupling field model is constructed by considering the porosity distribution, oxygen consumption rate variation with temperature, and heat release intensity variation with temperature in the goaf; 4) Simulation: Use the coal mine safety management decision model and simulation research platform based on big data mining to monitor, warn and make decisions on coal mine safety; simulate the oxygen concentration distribution and temperature distribution of the goaf, and divide the three spontaneous combustion zones through simulation; 5) Result analysis and verification: Analyze the simulation results to determine the specific location and range of the heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone and asphyxiation zone; verify at the project site and compare the simulation results of oxygen concentration and temperature distribution with the actual monitoring data to verify the accuracy of the model; 6) Early warning and decision support: According to the simulation results, when the oxygen concentration at a sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system automatically issues an early warning signal and marks the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

6. A system for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a walking track and a fixed bracket. The walking track is fixed on the outer coal wall of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf through the fixed bracket. A walking mechanism is set at the bottom of the mobile monitoring device and reciprocates on the walking track through the walking mechanism.

7. A system for measuring three spontaneous combustion zones in goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data monitoring equipment includes an oxygen detector, a temperature sensor and a gas detector. The data from the fixed monitoring points are uploaded to the ground monitoring center in real time via wireless transmission to ensure that the dynamic changes of each fixed point in the goaf are recorded; the mobile monitoring equipment collects oxygen concentration, temperature and gas concentration at each stop point, and the data is recorded via wireless transmission or storage card and uploaded to the ground monitoring center regularly.

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