An accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of surveying and mapping equipment, and particularly relates to an accurate surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning, which comprises a surveying and mapping device installed below a drone. The surveying and mapping device includes a fixed connection mechanism, a centering adjustment mechanism, a buffer support device, a shielding mechanism, a rotary adjustment table, a surveying instrument, and a remote controller. The fixed connection mechanism is installed on the bottom bracket of the drone; the centering adjustment mechanism is installed above the fixed connection mechanism; the surveying instrument is installed at the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism; the buffer support device is installed directly below the fixed connection mechanism; the rotary adjustment table is installed between the buffer support device and the fixed connection mechanism; the shielding mechanism is arranged on the windward side of the surveying instrument; and the remote controller is used for remotely communicating with the surveying instrument, the rotary adjustment table, and the buffer support device. The present invention can effectively improve the flexibility of surveying and mapping, save manpower, and improve the surveying and mapping efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of surveying and mapping equipment, and particularly relates to an accurate surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning. Background Art

[0002] Before highway design, it is necessary to measure the route on-site through surveying and mapping equipment. For example, a measurement assistance device for highway design disclosed in a Chinese utility model patent with the authorization announcement number CN216410194U and the authorization announcement date of April 29, 2022, includes: a mounting plate, and three sides of the bottom end of the mounting plate are all movably provided with first support rods through rotating shafts. The bottom end of the first support rod is movably sleeved with a second support rod. A first fixing bolt is fixedly provided at the top end of one side of the second support rod. A surveying instrument is fixedly provided at the top end of the mounting plate through a clamping mechanism. By pulling the three first support rods to three sides and making the mounting block and the telescopic rod in a horizontal state at this time, the distance between the first support rod and the second support rod can be adjusted through the first fixing bolt to adjust the height of the surveying instrument. After the support plate provided at the bottom end of the second support rod contacts the ground, the spirit level on the four sides of the mounting plate can be used to judge whether the device is placed horizontally. At this time, the device can be leveled by adjusting the three first support rods, making the device more convenient to adjust.

[0003] Although the measurement assistance device for highway design can level the surveying instrument, during measurement, the staff still needs to carry the equipment. Due to the complex terrain in the wild, manual carrying is difficult, and manual leveling is also required after carrying it to the designated position, resulting in cumbersome measurement steps and affecting the detection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an accurate surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. The present invention can effectively improve the flexibility of surveying and mapping by cooperating the surveying and mapping device with a drone, save manpower, and improve the surveying and mapping efficiency at the same time.

[0005] The present solution is achieved by the following technical measures: An accurate surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning includes a surveying and mapping device installed below the drone. The surveying and mapping device includes a fixed connection mechanism, a centering adjustment mechanism, a buffer support device, a shielding mechanism, a rotary adjustment table, a surveying instrument, and a remote controller;

[0006] The fixed connection mechanism is detachably installed on the bottom bracket of the drone;

[0007] The centering adjustment mechanism is installed above the fixed connection mechanism and serves as the installation basis for the surveying instrument;

[0008] A buffer support device, installed directly below the fixed connection mechanism, serves as the support structure for the entire surveying and mapping equipment;

[0009] A shielding mechanism, arranged on the windward side of the surveying instrument, is fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism. The control end of the shielding mechanism is connected to the buffer support device, and is used to shield and protect the detection end of the surveying instrument;

[0010] A rotary adjustment platform, installed between the buffer support device and the fixed connection mechanism. The bottom of the rotary adjustment platform is connected to the buffer support device, and the adjustment end of the buffer support device is connected to the fixed connection mechanism, and is used to adjust the detection angle of the surveying instrument;

[0011] A surveying instrument, installed at the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism, is used for surveying operations;

[0012] A remote controller, used for remote communication connection with the surveying instrument, rotary adjustment platform, and buffer support device.

[0013] Preferably, the fixed connection mechanism includes a limit adjustment sliding table. The limit adjustment sliding table is provided with two movable ends, and limit fixing arms are installed on both movable ends of the limit adjustment sliding table. The limit fixing arms are connected to the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0014] Preferably, the limit adjustment sliding table includes a first limit sliding rail. A bidirectional adjustment screw rod is installed inside the first limit sliding rail. Two first sliding adjustment blocks are also provided inside the first limit sliding rail. The bidirectional adjustment screw rod is threadedly connected to the first sliding adjustment block. A first rotation limit mechanism is also installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw rod and the first limit sliding rail.

[0015] Preferably, the first rotation limit mechanism includes a fixed limit ring installed on the side of the first limit sliding rail. One side of the fixed limit ring is provided with a first anti-slip surface. The first rotation limit mechanism also includes an elastic extrusion member installed on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod. A movable pressing ring is installed on the elastic extrusion member. A second anti-slip surface is provided on the side of the movable pressing ring. The second anti-slip surface is mutually attached and abutted against the first anti-slip surface.

[0016] Preferably, a rotating adjustment rail is rotatably installed on the limit fixing arm. A plurality of sliding clamping members are slidably installed on the rotating adjustment rail. A locking cover plate is installed on the side of the sliding clamping member. The top of the sliding clamping member is slidably connected to a movable clamping plate, and a spring is connected between the bottom of the movable clamping plate and the sliding clamping member.

[0017] Preferably, the centering adjustment mechanism includes a second limit slide rail installed on the fixed connection mechanism. A second sliding adjustment block is installed inside the second limit slide rail. A centering mark for indicating the centering position is provided on the side of the second limit slide rail. A moving adjustment screw rod is also installed on the second limit slide rail. The moving adjustment screw rod is threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block. A second rotation limit mechanism is further provided between the moving adjustment screw rod and the second limit slide rail. The second sliding adjustment block is provided with a protective mounting seat.

[0018] Preferably, the protective mounting seat includes an airbag protection member installed on the second sliding adjustment block. A fixed mounting bracket is installed above the airbag protection member. A plurality of mounting holes are provided on the fixed mounting bracket.

[0019] Preferably, the buffer support device includes a fixed connecting seat installed at the bottom of the rotary adjustment table. A plurality of buffer telescopic rods are rotatably installed on the fixed connecting seat. The buffer telescopic rods are evenly distributed with the fixed connecting seat as the axis. A linear driver is installed at the axial position of the fixed connecting seat. An output end of the linear driver is installed with a synchronous connecting block. Connecting rods are installed between the synchronous connecting block and each of the plurality of buffer telescopic rods. One end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the synchronous connecting block, and the end of the connecting rod away from the buffer telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the buffer telescopic rod. The buffer support device further includes a horizontal detector installed on the fixed connection mechanism.

[0020] Preferably, one end of the buffer telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the fixed connecting seat. An expansion slide rail is provided inside the buffer telescopic rod. An expansion adjustment rod is installed inside the expansion slide rail. The expansion adjustment rod is slidably connected to the expansion slide rail. A drive adjustment screw rod is further installed inside the expansion slide rail. The drive adjustment screw rod is threadedly connected to the expansion adjustment rod. A rotary driver is also installed on the buffer telescopic rod. An output end of the rotary driver is in transmission connection with the drive adjustment screw rod. A buffer support sleeve is further installed on the outer side of the buffer telescopic rod. The buffer support sleeve is slidably connected to the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod. A buffer spring is installed between the buffer support sleeve and the buffer telescopic rod.

[0021] Preferably, the shielding mechanism includes a guide disk installed on the outer side of the rotary adjustment table. The shielding mechanism further includes a mounting base installed on the side of the fixed connection mechanism. A flip shielding cover is installed on the mounting base. A snap ring is installed between the flip shielding cover and the mounting base. An elastic pulling component is installed inside the flip shielding cover. The elastic pulling component includes a limit sleeve provided inside the flip shielding cover. A pulling connection block is slidably installed inside the limit sleeve. A return spring is installed between the pulling connection block and the limit sleeve. A connection pulling rope is also installed on the pulling connection block. One end of the connection pulling rope away from the pulling connection block passes through the guide disk and is connected to the synchronous connecting block.

[0022] Advantages of the present invention:

[0023] 1. The present invention realizes the remote and automated surveying and mapping operations by carrying a surveying and mapping device on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Surveying personnel do not need to carry heavy surveying equipment to complex terrains in person, significantly reducing labor consumption and operation risks. At the same time, the precise cooperation between the central adjustment mechanism and the rotary adjustment table ensures the accurate position and angle adjustment of the surveying instrument in the air, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of surveying and mapping data. This efficient and accurate surveying and mapping method provides reliable data support for highway planning;

[0024] 2. The present invention is designed with a buffer support device and a shielding mechanism, which can operate stably under complex and changeable terrain and climate conditions. The buffer support device can not only provide stable support when the UAV lands, but also effectively buffer the impact caused by uneven terrain through its internal shock absorption structure, ensuring the safety and stability of the surveying instrument. The shielding mechanism can protect the surveying instrument from external factors such as wind during flight, improving the reliability and stability of surveying and mapping operations. This design enables the surveying equipment to operate flexibly in various complex environments, enhancing its adaptability and practicality;

[0025] 3. The present invention remotely controls the surveying and mapping device through a remote controller, allowing surveying personnel to complete surveying and mapping operations without being on-site. This not only avoids the cumbersome steps of manual handling and manual adjustment, but also reduces safety hazards caused by complex terrain. At the same time, the unmanned surveying and mapping method also reduces the requirements for the number and skills of surveying personnel, further reducing labor costs. This intelligent and unmanned surveying and mapping method provides a new solution for surveying and mapping operations in fields such as highway planning, promoting the innovation and development of surveying and mapping technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention Figure 1 .

[0027] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention Figure 2 .

[0028] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention Figure 3 .

[0029] Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 is Figure 4 an enlarged view of part A in

[0031] Figure 6 isFigure 4 An enlarged view at position B in the figure.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a partial sectional structure of an accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a surveying instrument and a centering adjustment mechanism in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of a partial sectional structure of a buffer telescopic rod in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 is Figure 9 An enlarged view at position C in the figure.

[0036] The reference numerals in the figure are:

[0037] 1. UAV; 2. Fixed connection mechanism; 21. Limit adjustment slide; 211. First limit slide rail; 212. Bidirectional adjustment lead screw; 213. First rotation limit mechanism; 214. Fixed limit ring; 215. Elastic extrusion member; 216. Movable pressing ring; 217. First sliding adjustment block; 22. Limit fixing arm; 221. Rotation adjustment rail; 222. Sliding clamping member; 2221. Movable clamping plate; 2222. Locking cover plate; 3. Centering adjustment mechanism; 31. Second limit slide rail; 32. Second sliding adjustment block; 33. Moving adjustment lead screw; 34. Second rotation limit mechanism; 35. Protective mounting seat; 351. Airbag protection member; 352. Fixed mounting bracket; 4. Buffer support device; 41. Fixed connection seat; 42. Buffer telescopic rod; 421. Telescopic slide rail; 422. Telescopic adjustment rod; 423. Rotation drive; 424. Drive adjustment lead screw; 425. Buffer support sleeve; 426. Buffer spring; 43. Linear drive; 44. Synchronous connection block; 45. Connecting rod; 46. Horizontal detector; 5. Shielding mechanism; 51. Mounting base; 52. Flip shielding cover; 53. Snap ring; 54. Elastic pull-out assembly; 541. Limit sleeve; 542. Return spring; 543. Pull-out connection block; 55. Connecting pull rope; 56. Guide disk; 6. Rotation adjustment table; 7. Surveying instrument. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] In order to further understand the features, technical means, specific purposes and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0039] See Figures 1 to 10As shown in the figure, an accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning includes a surveying and mapping device installed below the drone 1. The surveying and mapping device includes a fixed connection mechanism 2, a centering adjustment mechanism 3, a buffer support device 4, a shielding mechanism 5, a rotary adjustment platform 6, a surveying instrument 7, and a remote controller.

[0040] Among them, the fixed connection mechanism 2 is detachably installed on the bottom bracket of the drone 1;

[0041] The centering adjustment mechanism 3 is installed above the fixed connection mechanism 2 and serves as the installation base for the surveying instrument 7;

[0042] The buffer support device 4 is installed directly below the fixed connection mechanism 2 and serves as the support structure for the entire surveying and mapping equipment;

[0043] The shielding mechanism 5 is arranged on the windward side of the surveying instrument 7. The shielding mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism 2, and the control end of the shielding mechanism 5 is connected to the buffer support device 4, which is used to block and protect the detection end of the surveying instrument 7;

[0044] The rotary adjustment platform 6 is installed between the buffer support device 4 and the fixed connection mechanism 2. The bottom of the rotary adjustment platform 6 is connected to the buffer support device 4, and the adjustment end of the buffer support device 4 is connected to the fixed connection mechanism 2, which is used to adjust the detection angle of the surveying instrument 7;

[0045] The surveying instrument 7 is installed at the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism 3 and is used for surveying and mapping operations;

[0046] The remote controller is used for remote communication connection with the surveying instrument 7, the rotary adjustment platform 6, and the buffer support device 4.

[0047] The surveying and mapping equipment realizes detachable connection with the bottom bracket of the drone 1 through the fixed connection mechanism 2, ensuring that the surveying and mapping device can be stably mounted below the drone 1. The centering adjustment mechanism 3 is installed above the fixed connection mechanism 2, and its main function is to accurately adjust the surveying instrument 7 to the centered position after the surveying instrument 7 is installed, so as to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the surveying. The surveying instrument 7 is fixedly installed at the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism 3 and is responsible for performing specific surveying tasks. The rotary adjustment platform 6 allows the surveying instrument 7 to adjust the angle in the horizontal plane. The shielding mechanism 5 is designed on the windward side of the surveying instrument 7, is fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism 2, and is connected to the buffer support device 4 through the control end. During flight, the shielding mechanism 5 can effectively block and protect the detection end of the surveying instrument 7, reducing the influence of external factors such as wind on the surveying accuracy.

[0048] When the surveying device approaches the target surveying point, the surveying personnel send a command through the remote controller to start the buffer support device 4 to switch the working state, so that it has a stable support effect, and at the same time release the shielding protection of the surveying instrument 7 by the shielding mechanism 5. Then, the drone 1 descends so that the bottom of the buffer support device 4 contacts the ground. In this process, the buffer support device 4 effectively reduces the impact force during the fall through its internal shock-absorbing structure, ensuring the smooth landing of the surveying device. Once the buffer support device 4 lands smoothly, the buffer support device 4 will adjust the level of the surveying device to ensure that the surveying instrument 7 remains in a horizontal state.

[0049] After the leveling of the surveying instrument 7 is completed, the surveying personnel operate the rotating adjustment table 6 through the remote controller to adjust the detection angle of the surveying instrument 7 according to actual needs. The entire surveying process does not require manual handling and manual adjustment, realizing unmanned surveying, thereby effectively saving manpower and improving surveying efficiency.

[0050] By repeating the above surveying and mapping steps, multiple surveying and mapping points can be quickly and accurately surveyed and detected.

[0051] The rotary adjustment platform 6 is used to adjust the detection angle of the surveying and mapping instrument 7. The structure of the rotary adjustment platform 6 adopts the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0052] See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the fixed connection mechanism 2 includes a limit adjustment slide 21, which is provided with two movable ends, and the limit fixed arms 22 are installed on the two movable ends of the limit adjustment slide 21, and the limit fixed arms 22 are connected to the drone 1. The limit adjustment slide 21 is provided with double movable ends, and each movable end is equipped with a limit fixed arm 22. When performing the connection operation with the bottom bracket of the drone 1, the surveying and mapping personnel first accurately adjust the positions of the two limit fixed arms 22 through the limit adjustment slide 21 according to the actual width of the bottom bracket of the drone 1. The displacement adjustment of the two limit fixed arms 22 in the horizontal direction is realized to ensure that the limit fixed arms 22 can be accurately moved to the predetermined installation position. Then, the limit fixed arms 22 are used to achieve a stable connection with the bottom bracket of the drone 1. This structural form ensures that the fixed connection mechanism 2 can adapt to the bottom brackets of drones 1 of different sizes, and at the same time ensures that the surveying and mapping device can be stably and reliably mounted under the drone 1, providing a solid foundation for subsequent surveying and mapping operations.

[0053] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the limit adjustment slide 21 includes a first limit slide rail 211 installed, a bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 is installed inside the first limit slide rail 211, two first sliding adjustment blocks 217 are also provided inside the first limit slide rail 211, the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 is threadedly connected to the first sliding adjustment block 217, and a first rotation limit mechanism 213 is also installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 and the first limit slide rail 211.

[0054] The first limit slide rail 211 provides stable support and guidance for the first sliding adjustment block 217, ensuring that the sliding adjustment process of the first sliding adjustment block 217 is carried out on a predetermined track. When the surveying and mapping personnel rotate the two-way adjustment screw rod 212, the two first sliding adjustment blocks 217 move toward or away from each other along the two-way adjustment screw rod 212. The first sliding adjustment block 217 is connected to the limit fixed arm 22. Therefore, when the first sliding adjustment block 217 moves along the first limit slide rail 211 driven by the two-way adjustment screw rod 212, the limit fixed arm 22 will also move synchronously. The movement and adjustment of the first sliding adjustment block 217 can accurately control the position of the limit fixed arm 22 in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving adaptation to the bottom brackets of drones 1 of different sizes.

[0055] In order to ensure the stability and accuracy of the adjustment process, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 is installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 and the first limiting slide rail 211. The main function of the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 is to limit the self-rotation of the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 during the adjustment process to prevent the adjustment position from being offset due to the self-rotation of the screw rod. In this way, when the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 is rotated to the specified position and stops, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 can ensure that the screw rod maintains the current position unchanged, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the adjustment result.

[0056] See also Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 includes a fixed limiting ring 214 installed on the side of the first limiting slide rail 211, and a first anti-slip surface is provided on one side of the fixed limiting ring 214. The first rotation limiting mechanism 213 also includes an elastic extrusion piece 215 installed on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212, and a movable pressing ring 216 is installed on the elastic extrusion piece 215. The side of the movable pressing ring 216 is provided with a second anti-slip surface, and the second anti-slip surface and the first anti-slip surface are mutually fitted and abutted. The fixed limiting ring 214 is firmly installed on the side of the first limiting slide rail 211, and a first anti-slip surface is designed on one side of the fixed limiting ring 214 to provide sufficient friction. The elastic extrusion piece 215 is installed on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 and is connected to the movable pressing ring 216. The side of the movable pressing ring 216 is provided with a second anti-slip surface, and the second anti-slip surface matches the first anti-slip surface of the fixed limiting ring 214 in structure.

[0057] During the process of the surveying and mapping personnel operating and rotating the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212, when the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 rotates, it drives the elastic pressing member 215 and the movable pressing ring 216 to rotate synchronously. As the movable pressing ring 216 rotates, its second anti-slip surface will come into frictional contact with the first anti-slip surface of the fixed limiting ring 214. Due to the action of the elastic pressing member 215, the movable pressing ring 216 is continuously pushed towards the fixed limiting ring 214, ensuring a tight fit between the pressing ring 216 and the fixed limiting ring 214, thereby generating sufficient frictional force. When the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 rotates to the required position and stops rotating, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 can effectively prevent the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 from self-rotating through the frictional force between the second anti-slip surface and the first anti-slip surface. Therefore, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 not only ensures the stability of the adjustment process but also guarantees the reliability of the adjustment result, preventing the adjustment position from shifting due to the self-rotation of the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212.

[0058] See Figures 3 to 6 As shown, a rotating adjustment rail 221 is rotatably installed on the limit fixing arm 22. A plurality of sliding clamping members 222 are slidably installed on the rotating adjustment rail 221. A locking cover plate 2222 is installed on the side of the sliding clamping member 222. The top of the sliding clamping member 222 is slidably connected to the movable clamping plate 2221, and a spring is connected between the bottom of the movable clamping plate 2221 and the sliding clamping member 222.

[0059] After the limit fixing arm 22 is precisely adjusted to the predetermined position through the limit adjustment slide 21, the rotating adjustment rail 221 on the limit fixing arm 22 starts to play its function. The rotating adjustment rail 221 allows the surveying and mapping personnel to finely adjust the angle of the sliding clamping members 222 according to the specific shape and installation requirements of the bottom bracket of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1. This adjustment ability ensures that the sliding clamping members 222 can accurately align with the fixed points of the bottom bracket of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1. The sliding clamping members 222 can be slidably adjusted under the guidance of the rotating adjustment rail 221 to adapt to the installation requirements of different positions and angles.

[0060] The surveying and mapping personnel manually operate to adjust the sliding clamping member 222 to the designated position on the bottom bracket of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1. After the sliding clamping member 222 moves to the designated position, the surveying and mapping personnel use bolts to fixedly connect the upper end of the locking cover plate 2222 to the sliding clamping member 222, and the lower end of the locking cover plate 2222 is clamped to the rotating adjustment rail 221 to ensure that the position of the sliding clamping member 222 on the rotating adjustment rail 221 is locked, preventing displacement caused by vibration or external force. The movable clamping plate 2221 cooperates with the sliding clamping member 222 to clamp and fix the bottom bracket of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1. It provides a stable connection and also ensures that the surveying device can be safely and reliably mounted under the unmanned aerial vehicle 1, laying a solid foundation for subsequent surveying operations.

[0061] SeeFigure 3 and Figure 8 As shown in Figure 8 , the centering adjustment mechanism 3 includes a second limit slide rail 31 installed on the fixed connection mechanism 2. A second sliding adjustment block 32 is installed inside the second limit slide rail 31. A centering mark for indicating the centered position is provided on the side of the second limit slide rail 31. A moving adjustment screw rod 33 is also installed on the second limit slide rail 31. The moving adjustment screw rod 33 is threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block 32. A second rotation limit mechanism 34 is further provided between the moving adjustment screw rod 33 and the second limit slide rail 31. The second sliding adjustment block 32 is provided with a protective mounting seat 35.

[0062] The centering adjustment mechanism 3 is first fixedly installed on the fixed connection mechanism 2 through the second limit slide rail 31. The second limit slide rail 31 is internally provided with a second sliding adjustment block 32, and the second sliding adjustment block 32 can linearly move along the second limit slide rail 31. A centering mark is provided on one side of the second limit slide rail 31 to indicate the central position. In addition, the second limit slide rail 31 is also equipped with a moving adjustment screw rod 33. The moving adjustment screw rod 33 is threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block 32. Rotating the moving adjustment screw rod 33 can drive the second sliding adjustment block 32 to move within the second limit slide rail 31. To ensure that the moving adjustment screw rod 33 does not rotate during operation, a second rotation limit mechanism 34 is installed between the second limit slide rail 31 and the moving adjustment screw rod 33. The second rotation limit mechanism 34 has the same structure as the first rotation limit mechanism 213 and has the same limiting function.

[0063] A protective mounting seat 35 is provided on the second sliding adjustment block 32, and the protective mounting seat 35 is used for fixedly installing the surveying instrument 7. After the surveying instrument 7 is installed, the surveyor rotates the moving adjustment screw rod 33 to precisely control the position of the second sliding adjustment block 32 in the second limit slide rail 31. When the second sliding adjustment block 32 moves, it drives the protective mounting seat 35 and the surveying instrument 7 to move synchronously.

[0064] By observing the centering mark on the side of the second limit slide rail 31, the surveyor can determine whether the surveying instrument 7 has been precisely adjusted to the centered position. It is ensured that regardless of the type of the surveying instrument 7, its detection end can be accurately positioned at the middle position of the centering adjustment mechanism 3, thereby meeting the requirements for accuracy and consistency in surveying operations.

[0065] See Figure 3 and Figure 8As shown in the figure, the protection mounting base 35 includes an airbag protection member 351 mounted on the second sliding adjustment block 32. Above the airbag protection member 351, a fixed mounting bracket 352 is installed, and the fixed mounting bracket 352 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes. The airbag protection member 351 is internally equipped with a protection airbag. In the normal operation state, the protection airbag is in an uninflated state, which does not affect the normal operation and surveying accuracy of the surveying instrument 7. When the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 fails (such as out-of-control falling or sudden jolting, etc.), the remote controller controls the protection airbag to quickly inflate automatically, forming a protection barrier that tightly wraps and buffers the surveying instrument 7, effectively reducing the damage caused by external impacts to the surveying instrument 7 and ensuring the safety and integrity of the surveying equipment.

[0066] The fixed mounting bracket 352 is located above the airbag protection member 351. Its structural design is firm and stable, and it is used to carry and fix the surveying instrument 7. The fixed mounting bracket 352 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes. The layout and size of the mounting holes are optimized to adapt to and install various types of surveying instruments 7. Surveying personnel can select appropriate mounting holes according to actual needs and firmly install the surveying instrument 7 on the fixed mounting bracket 352 through bolts or other fastening devices to ensure the stability and accuracy of the surveying instrument 7 during the surveying process.

[0067] See Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the figure, the buffer support device 4 includes a fixed connection seat 41 installed at the bottom of the rotary adjustment table 6. A plurality of buffer telescopic rods 42 are rotatably installed on the fixed connection seat 41. The buffer telescopic rods 42 are evenly distributed around the axis of the fixed connection seat 41. A linear driver 43 is installed at the axial position of the fixed connection seat 41. The output end of the linear driver 43 is installed with a synchronous connection block 44. Connecting rods 45 are installed between the synchronous connection block 44 and the plurality of buffer telescopic rods 42. One end of the connecting rod 45 is rotatably connected to the synchronous connection block 44, and the end of the connecting rod 45 away from the buffer telescopic rod 42 is rotatably connected to the buffer telescopic rod 42. The buffer support device 4 further includes a horizontal detector 46 installed on the fixed connection mechanism 2.

[0068] When the drone 1 transports the surveying device to the top of the surveying area, the linear drive 43 starts and drives the synchronous connection block 44 to perform a downward movement. When the synchronous connection block 44 moves, it pushes the multiple connecting rods 45 to expand synchronously, thereby driving the buffer telescopic rod 42 to expand synchronously to form a stable support structure. Subsequently, the drone 1 begins to descend, and the buffer telescopic rod 42 first contacts the ground, and the buffering function of the buffer telescopic rod 42 is used to effectively slow down the impact force during the falling process. After the buffer telescopic rod 42 lands stably, the horizontal detector 46 accurately detects the horizontal state of the fixed connection mechanism 2. Based on the feedback of the horizontal detector 46, the remote surveying personnel adjust the telescopic length of each buffer telescopic rod 42 through the remote controller to achieve fine-tuning of the horizontal state of the fixed connection mechanism 2. It ensures that the surveying instrument 7 always remains horizontal, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the surveying data. At the same time, by adjusting the telescopic length of the buffer telescopic rod 42, the surveying height of the surveying instrument 7 from the ground can also be accurately controlled to meet different surveying needs.

[0069] See also Figure 7 and Figure 10 As shown, one end of the buffer telescopic rod 42 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 41, a telescopic slide rail 421 is provided inside the buffer telescopic rod 42, a telescopic adjustment rod 422 is installed inside the telescopic slide rail 421, the telescopic adjustment rod 422 is slidably connected to the telescopic slide rail 421, a driving adjustment screw 424 is also installed inside the telescopic slide rail 421, the driving adjustment screw 424 is threadedly connected to the telescopic adjustment rod 422, a rotating driver 423 is also installed on the buffer telescopic rod 42, the output end of the rotating driver 423 is transmission-connected to the driving adjustment screw 424, a buffer support sleeve 425 is also installed on the outside of the buffer telescopic rod 42, the buffer support sleeve 425 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod 42, and a buffer spring 426 is also installed between the buffer support sleeve 425 and the buffer telescopic rod 42.

[0070] One end of the buffer telescopic rod 42 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 41 to meet the requirements of its expansion and contraction. A telescopic adjustment rod 422 is installed inside the telescopic slide 421, and a sliding connection is adopted between the telescopic adjustment rod 422 and the telescopic slide 421 to ensure that it can smoothly perform telescopic movement. In addition, a drive adjustment screw 424 is also provided inside the telescopic slide 421, and the drive adjustment screw 424 is threadedly connected to the telescopic adjustment rod 422 to achieve a drive adjustment function. The buffer telescopic rod 42 is also equipped with a rotary driver 423, and the output end of the rotary driver 423 is connected to the drive adjustment screw 424 to achieve a transmission connection, so that the drive adjustment screw 424 can be driven to rotate by the rotary driver 423. The start and control of the rotary driver 423 are completed by a remote controller. A buffer support sleeve 425 is installed on the outside of the buffer telescopic rod 42, and a sliding connection is adopted between the buffer support sleeve 425 and the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod 42 to adapt to the telescopic action of the buffer telescopic rod 42. At the same time, a buffer spring 426 is installed between the buffer support sleeve 425 and the buffer telescopic rod 42. The buffer spring 426 can effectively absorb and slow down the impact force during the falling process, protecting the surveying and mapping device from damage. When the drone 1 drives the surveying and mapping device to descend close to the ground, the buffer telescopic rod 42 first contacts the ground. At this time, the buffer support sleeve 425 works together with the buffer spring 426 to effectively slow down the impact force when the drone 1 falls.

[0071] If the level of the surveying instrument 7 needs to be adjusted, the remote surveying personnel activates the rotary driver 423 through the remote controller. The rotary driver 423 drives the drive adjustment screw 424 to rotate, thereby driving the telescopic adjustment rod 422 to telescopically move in the telescopic slide rail 421. When the telescopic adjustment rod 422 extends out of the telescopic slide rail 421 and contacts the ground, the placement state of the surveying instrument 7 can be adjusted by pushing until the required level is reached. The precise adjustment of the horizontal state of the surveying instrument 7 is achieved, ensuring the accuracy of the surveying data.

[0072] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, the shielding mechanism 5 includes a guiding disk 56 installed outside the rotary adjustment table 6. The shielding mechanism 5 further includes a mounting base 51 installed on the side of the fixed connection mechanism 2. A flipping shielding cover 52 is installed on the mounting base 51. A snap ring 53 is installed between the flipping shielding cover 52 and the mounting base 51. An elastic pulling component 54 is installed inside the flipping shielding cover 52. The elastic pulling component 54 includes a limiting sleeve 541 provided inside the flipping shielding cover 52. A pulling connection block 543 is slidably installed inside the limiting sleeve 541. A return spring 542 is installed between the pulling connection block 543 and the limiting sleeve 541. A connecting pull rope 55 is also installed on the pulling connection block 543. One end of the connecting pull rope 55 away from the pulling connection block 543 passes through the guiding disk 56 and is connected to the synchronous connection block 44.

[0073] The guiding disk 56 is fixedly installed outside the rotary adjustment table 6 to guide the moving path of the connecting pull rope 55. The mounting base 51 is firmly installed on the side of the fixed connection mechanism 2 as the installation foundation of the flipping shielding cover 52. The flipping shielding cover 52 is connected to the mounting base 51 through the snap ring 53. The elastic effect of the snap ring 53 enables the flipping shielding cover 52 to stay in the shielding position when not under force, effectively protecting the surveying instrument 7 from external environmental interference. An elastic pulling component 54 is arranged inside the flipping shielding cover 52. The limiting sleeve 541 is fixed inside the flipping shielding cover 52, and the pulling connection block 543 slides inside the limiting sleeve 541. The return spring 542 is installed between the pulling connection block 543 and the limiting sleeve 541 to provide a restoring force for the movement of the pulling connection block 543. One end of the connecting pull rope 55 is connected to the pulling connection block 543, and the other end passes through the guiding disk 56 and is connected to the synchronous connection block 44 to realize the linkage between the synchronous connection block 44 and the flipping shielding cover 52.

[0074] In the initial stage when the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 transports the surveying device above the surveying area, the flipping shielding cover 52 is in the shielding position, effectively shielding and protecting the surveying instrument 7. When the linear driver 43 is activated and drives the synchronous connection block 44 to move downward, the movement of the synchronous connection block 44 is transmitted to the pulling connection block 543 through the connecting pull rope 55. As the synchronous connection block 44 moves downward, the connecting pull rope 55 is gradually tightened, thereby pulling the pulling connection block 543 to slide inside the limit sleeve 541. The movement of the pulling connection block 543 will squeeze the return spring 542, causing the return spring 542 to be gradually compressed and store elastic potential energy. At the same time, due to the pulling force of the connecting pull rope 55, the flipping shielding cover 52 receives an outward flipping moment, gradually overcoming the elastic resistance of the snap spring 53, and begins to perform a flipping movement. As the flipping shielding cover 52 flips, its shielding and protection of the surveying instrument 7 are gradually released, and the surveying instrument 7 is exposed for subsequent surveying operations. The design of the guiding disc 56 not only provides a path for the limited movement of the connecting pull rope 55, but also effectively avoids the entanglement of the connecting pull rope 55 with the buffer telescopic rod 42 during the movement, ensuring the independent and coordinated movement between the shielding mechanism 5 and the buffer support device 4. The shielding mechanism 5 effectively protects the safety of the surveying instrument 7 during transportation and automatically removes the shielding during surveying operations, ensuring the smooth progress of the surveying work.

[0075] The technical features not described in the present invention can be realized by the prior art and will not be elaborated here. The present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the essence of the present invention shall also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning, comprising a surveying and mapping device installed below a drone (1), characterized in that, The surveying and mapping device includes a fixed connection mechanism (2), a centering adjustment mechanism (3), a buffer support device (4), a shielding mechanism (5), a rotary adjustment table (6), a surveying instrument (7), and a remote controller; The fixed connection mechanism (2) is detachably installed on the bottom bracket of the unmanned aerial vehicle (1); The centering adjustment mechanism (3) is installed above the fixed connection mechanism (2) and serves as the installation foundation for the surveying instrument (7); The buffer support device (4) is installed directly below the fixed connection mechanism (2) and serves as the support structure for the entire surveying and mapping equipment; The shielding mechanism (5) is arranged on the windward side of the surveying instrument (7). The shielding mechanism (5) is fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism (2), and the control end of the shielding mechanism (5) is connected to the buffer support device (4) for shielding and protecting the detection end of the surveying instrument (7); The rotary adjustment table (6) is installed between the buffer support device (4) and the fixed connection mechanism (2). The bottom of the rotary adjustment table (6) is connected to the buffer support device (4), and the adjustment end of the buffer support device (4) is connected to the fixed connection mechanism (2) for adjusting the detection angle of the surveying instrument (7); The surveying instrument (7) is installed at the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism (3) for performing surveying and mapping operations; The remote controller is used for remotely communicating and connecting the surveying instrument (7), the rotary adjustment table (6), and the buffer support device (4); The buffer support device (4) includes a fixed connection seat (41) installed at the bottom of the rotary adjustment table (6). A plurality of buffer telescopic rods (42) are rotatably installed on the fixed connection seat (41). The buffer telescopic rods (42) are evenly distributed around the axis of the fixed connection seat (41). A linear driver (43) is installed at the axis position of the fixed connection seat (41). The output end of the linear driver (43) is installed with a synchronous connection block (44). Connecting rods (45) are installed between the synchronous connection block (44) and the plurality of buffer telescopic rods (42). One end of the connecting rod (45) is rotatably connected to the synchronous connection block (44), and the end of the connecting rod (45) far from the buffer telescopic rod (42) is rotatably connected to the buffer telescopic rod (42). The buffer support device (4) further includes a horizontal detector (46) installed on the fixed connection mechanism (2); The shielding mechanism (5) comprises a guide plate (56) mounted on the outside of the rotating adjustment platform (6). The shielding mechanism (5) further comprises a mounting base (51) mounted on the side of the fixed connection mechanism (2). A flip shielding cover (52) is mounted on the mounting base (51). A retaining spring (53) is mounted between the flip shielding cover (52) and the mounting base (51). An elastic pull-out assembly (54) is mounted inside the flip shielding cover (52). The elastic pull-out assembly (54) comprises a limiting sleeve (541) arranged inside the flip shielding cover (52). A pull-out connection block (543) is slidably mounted inside the limiting sleeve (541). A return spring (542) is mounted between the pull-out connection block (543) and the limiting sleeve (541). A connecting rope (55) is also mounted on the pull-out connection block (543). One end of the connecting rope (55) away from the pull-out connection block (543) passes through the guide plate (56) and is connected to the synchronous connection block (44).

2. The precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed connection mechanism (2) comprises a limit adjustment slide (21), the limit adjustment slide (21) being provided with two movable ends, and limit fixing arms (22) being mounted on both movable ends of the limit adjustment slide (21), and the limit fixing arms (22) being connected to the drone (1).

3. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 2, characterized in that, The limit adjustment slide (21) comprises a first limit slide rail (211) installed thereon, a bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212) being installed inside the first limit slide rail (211), two first sliding adjustment blocks (217) being also provided inside the first limit slide rail (211), the bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212) being threadedly connected to the first sliding adjustment blocks (217), and a first rotation limit mechanism (213) being installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212) and the first limit slide rail (211).

4. An accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first rotation limiting mechanism (213) comprises a fixed limiting ring (214) mounted on the side of the first limiting slide rail (211), and a first anti-slip surface is provided on one side of the fixed limiting ring (214). The first rotation limiting mechanism (213) further comprises an elastic extrusion member (215) mounted on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212), and a movable pressing ring (216) is mounted on the elastic extrusion member (215), and a second anti-slip surface is provided on the side of the movable pressing ring (216), and the second anti-slip surface and the first anti-slip surface are in contact with each other.

5. The precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to claim 4, characterized in that, A rotation adjustment rail (221) is rotatably mounted on the position-limiting fixed arm (22), a plurality of sliding clamping members (222) are slidably mounted on the rotation adjustment rail (221), a locking cover plate (2222) is mounted on the side of the sliding clamping member (222), the top of the sliding clamping member (222) is slidably connected to a movable clamping plate (2221), and a spring is connected between the bottom of the movable clamping plate (2221) and the sliding clamping member (222).

6. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 5, characterized in that, The center adjustment mechanism (3) includes a second limit slide rail (31) installed on the fixed connection mechanism (2). A second sliding adjustment block (32) is installed inside the second limit slide rail (31). A center mark for indicating the center position is provided on the side of the second limit slide rail (31). A moving adjustment screw rod (33) is also installed on the second limit slide rail (31). The moving adjustment screw rod (33) is threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block (32). A second rotation limit mechanism (34) is further provided between the moving adjustment screw rod (33) and the second limit slide rail (31). The second sliding adjustment block (32) is provided with a protective mounting seat (35).

7. An accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protective mounting seat (35) includes an airbag protection member (351) installed on the second sliding adjustment block (32). A fixed mounting bracket (352) is installed above the airbag protection member (351). A plurality of mounting holes are provided on the fixed mounting bracket (352).

8. An accurate surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to claim 7, characterized in that, One end of the buffer telescopic rod (42) is rotatably connected to the fixed connecting seat (41). An expansion and contraction slide rail (421) is provided inside the buffer telescopic rod (42). An expansion and contraction adjustment rod (422) is installed inside the expansion and contraction slide rail (421). The expansion and contraction adjustment rod (422) is slidably connected to the expansion and contraction slide rail (421). A driving adjustment screw rod (424) is also installed inside the expansion and contraction slide rail (421). The driving adjustment screw rod (424) is threadedly connected to the expansion and contraction adjustment rod (422). A rotary driver (423) is also installed on the buffer telescopic rod (42). The output end of the rotary driver (423) is drivingly connected to the driving adjustment screw rod (424). A buffer support sleeve (425) is further installed on the outer side of the buffer telescopic rod (42). The buffer support sleeve (425) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod (42). A buffer spring (426) is also installed between the buffer support sleeve (425) and the buffer telescopic rod (42).

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