Pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics

Abstract

This invention discloses a system for assessing the development potential of pumped storage power stations based on the geographical characteristics of reservoirs. It relates to the field of pumped storage power station site selection and planning technology, including acquiring data on existing reservoir dams and satellite remote sensing topographic data; selecting existing reservoirs as downstream reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on their capacity; searching for sites around downstream reservoirs as upstream reservoirs for both mountainous and flat terrain based on topographic data of existing dams; estimating the potential capacity and energy storage capacity of upstream reservoirs to calculate the theoretical potential for developing pumped storage power stations; and excluding areas with human activity, transportation facilities, and water body restrictions to calculate the achievable potential for developing pumped storage power stations. This invention provides technical support for the development of pumped storage power stations by adding upstream reservoirs to existing reservoirs on a large spatial scale, solving the problems of traditional potential assessment methods being limited by single terrain features and inefficient, and contributing to the sustainable development of pumped storage power stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pumped storage power station site selection and planning technology, and more specifically, to a pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] Pumped storage power stations are crucial for ensuring the safe and economical operation of the power grid and promoting the large-scale development of new energy sources. To advance the development of pumped storage power stations, existing research has assessed their development potential at specific spatial scales, including options such as constructing two new reservoirs, using two existing lakes as upper and lower reservoirs, and using rivers, lakes, or oceans as lower reservoirs. However, these construction schemes are highly dependent on topographical conditions and geographical location, and may bring significant environmental impacts. Utilizing existing reservoirs and adding an upper reservoir to develop pumped storage power stations can, to some extent, address the geographical dependence issues of other pumped storage power station construction schemes, reduce environmental impact, and utilize existing hydropower transmission equipment to meet the power exchange needs between the power station and the grid, saving investment costs. However, there is currently limited research on this pumped storage power station development method.

[0003] Shortcomings of existing technology:

[0004] With the widespread application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in natural resource assessment and management, scholars have constructed site selection models based on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and GIS, providing a scientific basis and theoretical support for assessing the construction potential of pumped storage power stations. Existing methods for assessing the site selection and construction potential of pumped storage power stations are mainly applicable to flat terrain conditions, neglecting other terrain types, which may lead to an underestimation of the development potential of pumped storage power stations. Furthermore, current research in my country on the assessment of the site selection and construction potential of pumped storage power stations is mainly concentrated in local areas, lacking a unified scheme applicable to a wider spatial scale. How to propose a site selection planning method for pumped storage power stations suitable for different terrain conditions and achieve large-scale potential assessment of pumped storage power stations is another technical bottleneck facing the site selection planning of pumped storage power stations.

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a solution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics. By proposing a pumped storage power station site selection and planning method applicable to different terrain conditions, the problems mentioned in the background art are solved.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A system for assessing the development potential of pumped storage power stations based on the geographical characteristics of reservoirs includes:

[0009] The system comprises the following modules: an acquisition module for acquiring data on existing reservoir dams and satellite remote sensing topographic data, and selecting existing reservoirs as downstream reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on their capacity; a search module for extracting topographic data of existing reservoir dams from satellite remote sensing topographic data, and searching for sites around the downstream reservoirs as upstream reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on the topographic data of the existing reservoir dams, wherein the topographic data includes mountainous and flat terrain; an analysis module for estimating the capacity and energy storage capacity of potential upstream reservoirs, calculating the theoretical potential for developing pumped storage power stations based on the capacity and energy storage capacity, and selecting sites for upstream reservoirs based on the theoretical potential; and an evaluation module for selecting sites for marked upstream reservoirs based on restricted areas, estimating the operational efficiency and net present value (NPV) of pumped storage power stations, evaluating the achievable potential of pumped storage power stations based on the operational efficiency and NPV, and determining the optimal sites for the upstream and downstream reservoirs.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the specific process of selecting existing reservoirs as downstream reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on their storage capacity is as follows: Accessing technical documents and engineering reports provided by the water resources department to download relevant reservoir information; applying to the management department of the specific reservoir's location for more detailed engineering data to obtain storage capacity information of the existing reservoir dams; filtering the storage capacity information of the existing reservoir dams to select those with a capacity ≥ 100 million m³. 3 The large reservoir serves as the lower reservoir for the pumped storage power station.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the specific steps for extracting topographic data of an existing reservoir dam based on satellite remote sensing topographic data are as follows: download satellite imagery and elevation data of the existing reservoir dam; process the imagery using remote sensing image processing software to extract water body and dam features; analyze the elevation data using a GIS platform to extract elevation information of the dam area; and further determine the location of the reservoir and dam by combining the geographical coordinates of the reservoir and satellite imagery.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the specific process of searching for sites around the existing reservoir as upper reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on topographic data of the existing reservoir dam is as follows: For mountainous terrain, drainage lines are extracted as preliminary valley lines; a valley area is simulated, and drainage lines that do not overlap with the simulated valley area are eliminated. The extracted drainage lines are further screened to accurately locate the specific positions of the valley lines; a search buffer zone is set up around the existing reservoir, and the intersections of the buffer zone interval line and the valley lines are identified as potential construction points for the upper pumped storage reservoir; potential pumped storage power stations within the search buffer zone that do not meet the minimum head difference and distance-to-height ratio requirements for the upper and lower reservoirs are deleted. For pumped storage upper reservoir construction sites, other construction sites in the search buffer zone are considered as potential upper reservoir construction sites in mountainous terrain. For flat terrain, the search range is defined based on the potential sites of existing reservoirs, forming a search buffer zone. By calculating and screening the slope within the buffer zone, areas within the buffer zone that meet the slope requirements are initially selected as potential areas for upper reservoir construction. Areas within the buffer zone that meet the minimum area requirements are selected as potential upper reservoir construction areas. Potential pumped storage upper reservoir construction sites within the search buffer zone that do not meet the minimum head difference and distance-to-height ratio requirements for upper and lower reservoirs are deleted, and other construction sites in the search buffer zone are considered as potential upper reservoir construction sites in flat terrain.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the specific steps for selecting the site of the upper reservoir based on theoretical potential are as follows: the theoretical potential is compared and analyzed with a preset safety threshold. If the theoretical potential is greater than the preset safety threshold, the area is marked as the site selection point of the upper reservoir; if the theoretical potential is less than the preset safety threshold, the area is marked as the non-site selection point of the upper reservoir.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the step of screening the marked reservoir sites based on the restricted area is as follows: inputting data on human activity areas, World Heritage sites, existing transportation facilities, and water surface cover into the site selection model; setting buffer zones around the human activity areas, World Heritage sites, and existing transportation facilities respectively, and deleting potential reservoir site sites that overlap with the search buffer zone locations.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the step of assessing the achievable potential of a pumped-storage power station based on operational efficiency and net present value is as follows: defining operational efficiency and net present value as input variables, and dividing them into different fuzzy sets; defining the achievable potential of the pumped-storage power station as output variables, and dividing them into fuzzy sets; formulating fuzzy rules to describe the impact of operational efficiency and net present value on the achievable potential of the pumped-storage power station; performing fuzzy inference based on the fuzzy rules to determine the achievable potential of the pumped-storage power station; the process of determining the optimal site selection points for the upper and lower reservoirs is as follows: comparing the achievable potential with a preset threshold; when the achievable potential is less than the preset threshold, the achievable potential of the pumped-storage power station is poor; when the achievable potential is greater than the preset threshold, the achievable potential of the pumped-storage power station is good, and the site selection point corresponding to the pumped-storage power station is used as the site selection point for the upper and lower reservoirs.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of the pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics of this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. Existing pumped storage power station construction methods, such as building two new reservoirs, using lakes as upper and lower reservoirs, or using rivers, lakes, or oceans as lower reservoirs, suffer from problems such as high dependence on topographical conditions and geographical location, and may bring significant environmental impacts. This invention proposes a potential assessment method for developing pumped storage power stations based on existing reservoirs. It aims to solve the problems of geographical dependence and environmental impact that exist in other pumped storage power station construction methods, and can also utilize existing hydropower transmission channels and other resources to reduce investment costs.

[0018] 2. Existing methods for assessing the potential of pumped storage power stations are mainly applicable to flat terrain conditions, and lack large-scale potential assessment studies on pumped storage development methods that rely on existing reservoirs to build upper reservoirs. Based on GIS technology, this invention proposes a large-scale potential assessment method for pumped storage power stations applicable to both mountainous and flat terrain conditions, which can realize the site selection and capacity assessment calculation of pumped storage power stations under different terrain conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on the geographical characteristics of reservoirs according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1, Figure 1 This invention presents a system for assessing the development potential of pumped storage power stations based on the geographical characteristics of reservoirs.

[0022] The acquisition module is used to acquire data on existing reservoir dams and satellite remote sensing topographic data, and to select existing reservoirs as downstream reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on their capacity.

[0023] The specific steps for obtaining data on existing reservoir dams are as follows:

[0024] Reservoir information is obtained through public data interfaces and databases released by the government (such as open government data portals);

[0025] Access technical documents and engineering reports provided by water conservancy departments or relevant engineering companies, and download relevant reservoir information;

[0026] Apply for more detailed engineering data from the management department (such as the water resources bureau) in the specific area where the reservoir is located, and obtain the reservoir dam data;

[0027] The specific steps for acquiring satellite remote sensing terrain data are as follows:

[0028] Download the required satellite imagery and elevation data, and use remote sensing image processing software to process the images and extract features such as water bodies and dams;

[0029] The elevation information of the dam area was extracted by analyzing digital elevation data from the GIS platform.

[0030] By combining the reservoir's geographical coordinates with satellite imagery, the location of the reservoir and dam can be further precisely determined.

[0031] Pumped storage power stations consist of an upper reservoir, a lower reservoir, a hydroelectric power station, and an energy storage pumping station. Since small reservoirs primarily serve agricultural irrigation, urban water supply, and flood control, existing reservoir dams with a capacity of ≥100 million m³ are selected. 3 Large reservoirs are considered as candidate sites for the lower reservoir of pumped storage power stations;

[0032] The search module is used to extract the topographic data of the existing reservoir dams based on satellite remote sensing topographic data, and to search for sites around the lower reservoirs as the upper reservoirs of pumped storage power stations based on the topographic data of the existing reservoir dams. The topographic data includes mountainous terrain and flat terrain.

[0033] Topographic data of the area where the reservoir is located was extracted using satellite remote sensing topographic data;

[0034] For mountainous terrain, search for suitable sites in the valleys surrounding the lower reservoir and build a new reservoir as the upper reservoir by constructing a dam; for flat terrain, search for "pocket-shaped" depressions or small basins in the relatively flat areas surrounding the lower reservoir as the upper reservoir.

[0035] The site selection method for the upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station in mountainous terrain includes the following steps:

[0036] 1) Extracting drainage lines: Valley lines can effectively guide the direction of surface water flow. Therefore, drainage lines can be extracted using the "Hydrology Toolset" in ArcGIS as the initial valley lines. Satellite remote sensing topographic data can be used as input parameters for the "Flow Direction Tool" to calculate the direction of water flow from each grid. The output flow direction grid data can be used as input data for the "Flow Rate Tool" to calculate the cumulative flow into each output grid. Grids with cumulative flow reaching the flow rate threshold are extracted to form drainage lines. In the process of screening potential drainage lines, a lower flow rate threshold is set to optimize the calculation, thereby maximizing the extraction of drainage lines near the mountain top.

[0037] 2) Simulated Valley Regions: During the extraction of drainage lines, a low flow threshold was set for calculation optimization, which resulted in some drainage lines failing to accurately reflect the valley lines in the actual terrain. Typically, the distance between two adjacent ridgelines is greater than 1.5 km, and the valley depth is greater than 70 m. Therefore, the "Focus Statistics Tool" in ArcGIS was used to set the neighborhood to a circular area with a radius of 750 m to smooth the satellite remote sensing terrain data. The smoothed data was subtracted from the original satellite remote sensing terrain data, and areas with a depth greater than 70 m were extracted as simulated valley regions. Drainage lines that did not overlap with the simulated valley regions were removed, and the extracted drainage lines were further filtered to accurately locate the specific positions of the valley lines.

[0038] 3) Generate potential sites: Set up a search buffer zone around the existing reservoir, defining a radius of 5km centered on the location of the existing reservoir. Using the "Multi-Ring Buffer Tool" in ArcGIS, with a buffer interval of 500m, identify the intersection of the buffer interval line and the valley line as potential pumped storage upper reservoir construction sites;

[0039] 4) Head and Distance-to-Height Ratio Screening: Based on the current mainstream turbine models in China, the head difference between the upper and lower reservoirs of a pumped storage power station is typically 300-700m. The distance-to-height ratio refers to the ratio of the horizontal distance to the vertical height between the upper and lower reservoirs of a pumped storage power station. Considering terrain conditions, water conveyance systems, and the layout of the underground main powerhouse, it is generally designed to be between 3 and 10. To search for as many potential locations as possible, a minimum head difference of 300m is set between existing reservoirs and potential sites. Potential sites within the search buffer zone with a head difference less than 300m between the upper and lower reservoirs are removed. The horizontal distance and vertical height between each potential upper pumped storage site and its corresponding lower reservoir are calculated, and potential sites within the search area that do not meet the distance-to-height ratio requirement are removed.

[0040] The site selection method for the upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station in flat terrain includes the following steps:

[0041] 1) Define the search range: In order to search for potential sites within 5km of the existing reservoir, use the "buffer tool" in ArcGIS to define a circular range with the location of the existing reservoir as the center and a radius of 5km as the search buffer.

[0042] 2) Slope Screening: According to the relevant regulations of the International Geographical Union's Committee on Geomorphological Survey and Mapping, slope grades can be divided according to the following standards: 0-0.5° is plain, 0.5°-2° is slope, and 2°-5° is gentle slope. Because it is difficult to build a reservoir at a location with a very steep slope in actual construction, the upper limit of the reservoir site slope is set at 5°. Through calculation and screening of the slope within the buffer zone, areas with slopes between 0° and 5° are initially defined as potential areas for constructing the upper reservoir.

[0043] 3) Area Selection: Slope selection alone is insufficient to determine potential site locations; the requirements for constructing a dam and other civil engineering works must also be considered. Given that deep reservoirs are mostly located in river valleys, it is assumed that the reservoir area will need to be at least 50,000 m². 2 To meet the needs of constructing the dam and other civil engineering projects, an additional 20,000 m² is required. 2 The area. Therefore, for areas with potential new reservoirs, a limit of 70,000 m² is set. 2 As a minimum area constraint, areas within the screening buffer zone that meet the minimum area requirement are selected as potential upper reservoir construction areas.

[0044] 4) Head and height ratio screening: In order to evaluate the potential area of ​​the upper reservoir, the average elevation of the potential area of ​​the upper reservoir is calculated and compared with the elevation of the existing reservoir. Potential site areas within the buffer zone that meet the requirements of a minimum head difference of 300m between the upper and lower reservoirs and a height ratio of 3-10 are screened.

[0045] The analysis module is used to estimate the reservoir capacity and energy storage capacity of potential upper reservoirs, calculate the theoretical potential for developing pumped storage power stations based on the reservoir capacity and energy storage capacity, and select the site for the upper reservoir based on the theoretical potential.

[0046] 1) Reservoir capacity estimation:

[0047] When calculating reservoir capacity in mountainous terrain, factors such as the length and width of the dam and the depth of the reservoir need to be considered. The reservoir capacity estimation formula is as follows: In the formula, V is the upper reservoir capacity, m 3 ; a is the maximum width of the reservoir, in meters; d is the maximum depth of the reservoir, in meters; θ is the maximum length of the reservoir, in meters; θ is the average slope of the valley line, in degrees.

[0048] For flat terrain, the reservoir capacity was calculated using the "Surface Volume Tool" in ArcGIS software.

[0049] 2) Energy Storage Capacity Estimation: There may be two or more candidate sites for the construction of the upper reservoir. In this case, the candidate site with the largest storage capacity will be selected as the optimal potential site for the upper reservoir, and the theoretical potential for developing a pumped storage power station will be calculated. The energy storage capacity of the pumped storage power station depends on the available potential hydraulic energy in the upper reservoir. The energy storage capacity estimation formula is as follows: E = ρghVμ; where E is the energy storage capacity, J; ρ is the density of water, 1000 kg / m³. 3 g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m / s²; h is the head difference between the upper and lower reservoirs, in meters; V is the capacity of the upper reservoir, in meters. 3 μ represents power generation efficiency, 90%.

[0050] The specific calculation formula for the theoretical potential of developing a pumped storage power station based on reservoir capacity and energy storage capacity is as follows: L=μ1V+μ2E; where L is the theoretical potential of the pumped storage power station, V is the upper reservoir capacity, μ1 is the upper reservoir capacity weighting factor, E is the energy storage capacity, and μ2 is the energy storage capacity weighting factor.

[0051] The specific steps for selecting a site for the upper reservoir based on its theoretical potential are as follows:

[0052] The theoretical potential is compared with the preset safety threshold. If the theoretical potential is greater than the preset safety threshold, the area is marked as the site selection point for the upper reservoir. If the theoretical potential is less than the preset safety threshold, the area is marked as the non-site selection point for the upper reservoir.

[0053] The evaluation module is used to screen the marked reservoir sites based on the restricted area, estimate the operational efficiency and net present value of the pumped storage power station, evaluate the feasibility potential of the pumped storage power station based on the operational efficiency and net present value, and determine the optimal sites for the upper and lower reservoirs.

[0054] The steps for selecting reservoir sites based on restricted areas are as follows:

[0055] To minimize the impact of potential upper reservoir sites on the operation of existing hydropower facilities and the surrounding environment of human activity areas, World Heritage sites, existing transportation facilities, rivers, lakes, and other water bodies, surface cover data for human activity areas, World Heritage sites, existing transportation facilities, and water bodies were input into the site selection model. Buffer zones with radii of 500m, 5km, and 200m were established around human activity areas, World Heritage sites, and existing transportation facilities, respectively, and potential upper reservoir site selection points overlapping with the buffer zone locations were removed. Potential pumped storage upper reservoir site selection points located on rivers, lakes, and other water bodies were also removed during the site selection process.

[0056] The specific process for obtaining the net present value of the pumped storage power station is as follows:

[0057] Determine initial investment costs: Initial investment includes all start-up costs such as project planning, design, construction, equipment procurement, land costs, and environmental impact assessment;

[0058] It is necessary to clarify the phased expenditure of the investment, such as the expenditure arrangement during the construction period, which is usually carried out on an annual basis.

[0059] Projecting Future Cash Flow: Revenue Flow: The revenue of pumped storage power stations mainly comes from electricity sales, including profits from peak-valley electricity price differences. Forecasts need to be made based on electricity market price trends, project power generation capacity, power generation forecasts (such as daytime and nighttime water storage and power generation patterns), and electricity sales contracts. Operating Costs: These include daily maintenance, personnel costs, equipment depreciation, and management fees. Costs related to water resource usage and environmental management also need to be considered.

[0060] Choosing a discount rate (Weighted Average Cost of Capital, WACC): The discount rate is the interest rate used to discount future cash flows to their present value. Typically, the discount rate chosen is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), which is the average cost of capital that a company incurs for financing. WACC combines the cost of debt and the cost of equity, reflecting the level of capital cost of a project.

[0061] The specific formula for calculating the net present value is as follows: In the formula, N is the net present value, and C is the net present value. t t is the net cash flow in year t, r is the discount rate, n is the project life cycle, and I0 is the initial investment cost;

[0062] The operational performance calculation process is as follows:

[0063] First, obtain the pumping efficiency of the pumped storage power station. Pumping efficiency refers to the effective utilization efficiency of power input and pumped water volume during the water storage stage, which is usually related to the mechanical efficiency of the pump and the efficiency of the motor.

[0064] The power generation efficiency of a pumped storage power station refers to the efficiency with which the potential energy of water is converted into electrical energy during the turbine power generation process. It is usually affected by the mechanical efficiency and electrical efficiency of the turbine and generator.

[0065] Operational performance can be represented by the product of the two: In the formula, H is the pumping head, Q1 is the pumping flow rate, ρ is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the power generation head, Q2 is the power generation capacity, and P... in It is the input power, P out It is the output power. It's the pumping efficiency. It is the power generation efficiency;

[0066] The steps for assessing the achievable potential of a pumped storage power station based on operational efficiency and net present value are as follows:

[0067] Step C1 defines operational efficiency and net present value as input variables and divides them into different fuzzy sets.

[0068] For example, "Low", "Medium", "High" represent operational efficiency, and "Low", "Medium", "High" represent net present value.

[0069] Step C2 defines the achievable potential of a pumped storage power station as an output variable and divides it into fuzzy sets, such as "Low" and "High", for the achievable potential of a pumped storage power station.

[0070] Step C3 involves developing a set of fuzzy rules to describe the impact of different input variables on the output variable. The rules can be defined based on professional knowledge or obtained through data analysis and experimentation. For example:

[0071] Mark operational performance as Let N be the net present value and W be the achievable potential of a pumped storage power station, then we can define...

[0072] ...

[0074] Step C4: Perform fuzzy reasoning based on fuzzy rules to determine the achievable potential of the pumped storage power station.

[0075] It should be noted that the division of fuzzy sets can be adjusted according to the actual situation. For example, although this embodiment uses three fuzzy sets as an example, in reality, the operating efficiency, net present value, and the achievable potential of pumped storage power stations can be divided into more than three sets to facilitate more precise adjustment.

[0076] Furthermore, the assessment of the feasibility potential of pumped storage power stations can be based on setting thresholds according to actual conditions. For example, if the operating efficiency exceeds 0.6, it can be labeled as "High", and if the net present value is higher than 2000, it can be labeled as "High", etc., which will not be elaborated here.

[0077] The process of determining the optimal site for the upper reservoir is as follows:

[0078] The potential of pumped storage power stations is poor when W is less than a preset threshold.

[0079] When W is greater than the preset threshold, the pumped storage power station has good potential for realization, and the site selection point corresponding to the pumped storage power station is used as the site selection point for the upper and lower reservoirs.

[0080] When W is greater than the preset threshold, the pumped storage power station has good potential for realization, and the site selection point corresponding to the pumped storage power station is used as the site selection point for the upper and lower reservoirs.

[0081] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0082] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0084] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0085] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0086] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for assessing the development potential of pumped storage power stations based on the geographical characteristics of reservoirs, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire data on existing reservoir dams and satellite remote sensing topographic data, and to select existing reservoirs as downstream reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on their capacity. The search module is used to extract the topographic data of the existing reservoir dams based on satellite remote sensing topographic data, and to search for sites around the lower reservoirs as the upper reservoirs of pumped storage power stations based on the topographic data of the existing reservoir dams. The topographic data includes mountainous terrain and flat terrain. The analysis module is used to estimate the reservoir capacity and energy storage capacity of potential upper reservoirs, calculate the theoretical potential for developing pumped storage power stations based on the reservoir capacity and energy storage capacity, and select the site for the upper reservoir based on the theoretical potential. The evaluation module is used to screen the site selection points of the marked reservoirs according to the restricted areas, estimate the operating efficiency and net present value of the pumped storage power station, evaluate the feasibility potential of the pumped storage power station based on the operating efficiency and net present value, and determine the optimal site selection points for the upper and lower reservoirs. The specific steps for extracting topographic data of existing reservoir dams based on satellite remote sensing topographic data are as follows: Download satellite images and elevation data of existing reservoir dams, use remote sensing image processing software to process the images, and extract the features of the water body and dam body; The elevation data was analyzed using a GIS platform to extract elevation information for the dam area. By combining the reservoir's geographical coordinates and satellite imagery, the location of the reservoir and dam can be further determined; The specific process of searching for sites around the lower reservoir based on the topographic data of the existing reservoir dam as the upper reservoir of the pumped storage power station is as follows: For mountainous terrain, drainage lines are extracted as preliminary valley lines; The valley area is simulated, and drainage lines that do not overlap with the simulated valley area are removed. The extracted drainage lines are further filtered to accurately locate the specific position of the valley line. Establish search buffer zones around existing reservoirs and identify the intersections of buffer zone interval lines and valley lines as potential construction sites for pumped storage upper reservoirs. Remove potential pumped storage upper reservoir construction sites in the search buffer that do not meet the minimum head difference and distance-to-height ratio requirements for upper and lower reservoirs, and designate other construction sites in the search buffer as potential upper reservoir construction sites in mountainous terrain. For flat terrain, the search range is defined based on the potential sites of existing reservoirs, forming a search buffer zone; By calculating and screening the slope within the buffer zone, areas within the buffer zone that meet the slope requirements are preliminarily selected as potential areas for the construction of the upper reservoir. Areas within the screening buffer zone that meet the minimum area requirement are considered as potential areas for the construction of the upper reservoir. Remove potential pumped storage upper reservoir construction sites within the search buffer that do not meet the minimum head difference and distance-to-height ratio requirements for upper and lower reservoirs, and designate other construction sites in the search buffer as potential upper reservoir construction sites for flat terrain.

2. The pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process for selecting existing reservoirs as the lower reservoirs for pumped storage power stations based on their capacity is as follows: Access technical documents and engineering reports provided by the water resources department, and download relevant reservoir information; Apply to the management department of the specific reservoir area for more detailed engineering data and obtain information on the reservoir capacity of the existing reservoir dams; Information on the storage capacity of existing reservoir dams was screened, with those having a capacity of ≥100 million cubic meters being selected. 3 The large reservoir serves as the lower reservoir for the pumped storage power station.

3. The pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the reservoir capacity and energy storage capacity of the potential upper reservoir is as follows: For mountainous terrain, the formula for estimating reservoir capacity is as follows: In the formula, V is the upper reservoir capacity; a is the maximum width of the reservoir; and d is the maximum depth of the reservoir. It is the maximum length of the reservoir, in meters (m). θ is the average slope of the valley line; for flat terrain, the reservoir capacity is calculated using the "Surface Volume Tool" in ArcGIS software. The calculation process for the potential upper reservoir's energy storage capacity is as follows: E = ρghVμ; where E is the energy storage capacity; ρ is the density of water; g is the gravitational acceleration; h is the head difference between the upper and lower reservoirs; V is the upper reservoir's capacity; and μ is the power generation efficiency.

4. The pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific calculation formula for the theoretical potential of the pumped storage power station is as follows: L=μ1V+μ2E; where L is the theoretical potential of the pumped storage power station, V is the upper reservoir capacity, μ1 is the upper reservoir capacity weight factor, E is the energy storage capacity, and μ2 is the energy storage capacity weight factor. The specific steps for selecting a site for the upper reservoir based on theoretical potential are as follows: The theoretical potential is compared with the preset safety threshold. If the theoretical potential is greater than the preset safety threshold, the area is marked as the site selection point for the upper reservoir. If the theoretical potential is less than the preset safety threshold, the area is marked as the non-site selection point for the upper reservoir.

5. The pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for selecting reservoir sites based on restricted areas are as follows: Input data on human activity areas, world cultural heritage sites, existing transportation facilities, and water and land cover into the site selection model; Buffer zones were established around human activity areas, world cultural heritage sites, and existing transportation facilities, and potential reservoir site selection points that overlapped with the search buffer zones were removed.

6. The pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific formula for calculating the operational efficiency is as follows: In the formula, H is the pumping head, Q1 is the pumping flow rate, ρ is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the power generation head, Q2 is the power generation capacity, and P... in It is the input power, P out It is the output power. It's the pumping efficiency. It refers to power generation efficiency.

7. The pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific formula for calculating the net present value is as follows: In the formula, N is the net present value, and C is the net present value. t t is the net cash flow in year t, r is the discount rate, n is the project life cycle, and I0 is the initial investment cost.

8. The pumped storage power station development potential assessment system based on reservoir geographical characteristics according to claim 7, characterized in that, The steps for assessing the achievable potential of a pumped storage power station based on operational efficiency and net present value are as follows: Operational efficiency and net present value are defined as input variables, and they are divided into different fuzzy sets; The achievable potential of pumped storage power stations is defined as output variables, and they are divided into fuzzy sets. Formulate fuzzy rules to describe the impact of operational efficiency and net present value on the achievable potential of pumped storage power stations; Fuzzy reasoning based on fuzzy rules is used to determine the achievable potential of pumped storage power stations; The process for determining the optimal locations for the upper and lower reservoirs is as follows: The achievable potential is compared with a preset threshold. When the achievable potential is less than the preset threshold, the achievable potential of the pumped storage power station is poor. When the achievable potential is greater than the preset threshold, the pumped storage power station has good achievable potential, and the site selection point corresponding to the pumped storage power station is used as the site selection point for the upper and lower reservoirs.

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