Hydrolysis hydrogen production variable flow gas supply control method, hydrolysis hydrogen production system and fuel cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrolysis hydrogen production variable flow gas supply control method. The method comprises the following steps: inputting signals to a variable flow control module of a hydrolysis hydrogen production system, wherein the input signals comprise real-time hydrogen production pressure P ', a pressure fluctuation value k, a low pressure threshold Plo, a high pressure threshold Phi, a hydrogen production target flow Q0, a demand flow Q1, a target hydrogen production pressure P0 and a pressure continuous rising and falling signal. The hydrolysis hydrogen production variable-flow gas supply control method can be applied to the field of fuel cell hydrolysis hydrogen production, dynamic variable-load response is performed according to the dynamic working condition variable-load requirement of a fuel cell and the hydrolysis hydrogen production flow, and in the variable-load process, the dynamic variable-load response is performed. The variable current-carrying capacity is adjusted based on the real-time hydrogen production pressure P ', the pressure fluctuation value k, the low pressure threshold Plo, the high pressure threshold Phi, the hydrogen production target flow Q0, the required flow Q1, the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the pressure continuous rising and falling signal, violent fluctuation of the hydrogen production pressure is avoided, dynamic adjustment of the hydrogen pressure and flow of hydrolysis hydrogen production is achieved, and stable supply is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a variable flow gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis, a hydrogen production system via water electrolysis, and a fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells use hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant, directly converting the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Unaffected by the Carnot cycle, they achieve an effective power generation efficiency of over 60%, and their only reaction product is water, making them a green and efficient energy conversion system with promising prospects. Furthermore, hydrogen, as the most abundant element in the universe, boasts wide availability, diverse applications, high calorific value, zero carbon emissions, and is renewable, making it considered one of the most promising energy sources of the 21st century.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel cells utilize diverse hydrogen sources for various applications, including high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, liquid hydrogen storage, solid metal hydrogen storage, and water electrolysis. Water electrolysis is a mature hydrogen production technology that produces high-purity hydrogen through the reaction of water with reactive metals or hydrogen-containing compounds. Common examples include aluminum-based hydrogen production, sodium borohydride hydrolysis, and magnesium hydride hydrolysis. For instance, in aluminum-based hydrogen production, the reaction principle is 2Al + 6H₂O = 2Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂↑. The reactants are primarily aluminum-based materials. The hydrogen production reaction chamber is filled with aluminum powder. By controlling the water flow into the chamber, the hydrogen production rate is controlled, thereby controlling the pressure and output hydrogen flow rate, achieving hydrogen production controlled by water. Generally, the reaction pressure in the reaction chamber should be within the range of 0.4~0.8 MPa (A) to meet the medium pressure of the fuel cell. If the pressure is too low, the hydrogen supply to the fuel cell anode will be insufficient, and the battery performance will decline. If the pressure is too high, it will affect the pressure resistance of the hydrogen production reaction chamber equipment and pipelines, and will also place higher demands on the pressure resistance and regulation capabilities of actuators such as solenoid valves and proportional valves in the fuel cell hydrogen circuit. Therefore, maintaining a stable hydrogen production pressure through water electrolysis is a prerequisite for a stable gas supply to the fuel cell.

[0004] However, compared to the rapid dynamic response of fuel cells based on power demand, the hydrogen production chemical reaction through water electrolysis has a lag. Without a suitable water inlet control strategy, it cannot respond promptly to the hydrogen flow demand of the fuel cell. For example, under dynamic operating conditions, when the fuel cell is at power point A and the required hydrogen flow rate is Q1, the hydrogen production reaction through water electrolysis is carried out with Q1 as the target flow rate, and the hydrogen production pressure is kept relatively stable through dynamic water inlet. When the fuel cell power load changes to power point B, the required hydrogen flow rate is Q2, and the hydrogen production reaction needs to be carried out with Q2 as the target flow rate. However, when the hydrogen production flow rate changes, there are several factors that need to be considered. For example, it is necessary to consider whether the flow rate change is a load increase (Q2 > Q1) or a load decrease (Q2 < Q1), and what range the hydrogen production pressure is in during the load change, whether it is above or below the target hydrogen production pressure, etc. It is not possible to simply change the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q1 to Q2, otherwise it is very easy to cause drastic fluctuations in the hydrogen production pressure. The target flow rate needs to be adjusted according to the real-time reaction parameters of the hydrogen electrolysis process. Current technologies for hydrogen production via water electrolysis control the inlet water flow at a fixed demand rate, making variable flow control impossible. This means they cannot be directly matched to fuel cells and require a buffer tank. Even with variable flow demands, there is no buffering strategy for flow switching during load changes; instead, the flow rate changes immediately with the demand, easily causing significant fluctuations in hydrogen production pressure, potentially leading to low or overpressure, which negatively impacts fuel cell system operation. Therefore, current technologies lack an effective method for controlling variable flow gas supply in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for controlling the variable flow rate gas supply in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. The method for controlling the variable flow rate gas supply in hydrogen production via water electrolysis of the present invention can effectively control the variable flow rate gas supply in hydrogen production via water electrolysis.

[0006] One embodiment of this application provides a variable flow gas supply control method for hydrogen production via hydrolysis.

[0007] A method for controlling the variable flow rate gas supply for hydrogen production via hydrolysis includes the following steps:

[0008] The input signals to the variable flow control module of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system include: real-time hydrogen production pressure P', pressure fluctuation value k, and low pressure threshold P. lo High pressure threshold P hi The hydrogen production target flow rate Q0, demand flow rate Q1, target hydrogen production pressure P0, and pressure rise / fall signals, where the low pressure threshold P0 is... lo High pressure threshold P hiThe target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 and target hydrogen production pressure P0 are constant values ​​under certain operating conditions. The pressure fluctuation value k is the difference between the hydrogen production pressure at any time and the hydrogen production pressure at the previous time. The required flow rate Q1 is the hydrogen production flow rate when the flow rate is variable. When the pressure fluctuation value k is greater than 0 for n consecutive times, it is a signal of continuous pressure increase. If the pressure fluctuation value k is less than 0 for n consecutive times, it is a signal of continuous pressure decrease.

[0009] The variable flow control module adjusts the required flow rate Q1 according to the input signal, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q after the transition phase. n n≥2, so that the target hydrogen production flow rate Q after load variation n + Q0 reaches Q1, based on the target hydrogen production flow rate Q n The hydrogen-to-water ratio (the amount of water required to produce a unit mass of hydrogen from hydrogen-producing materials) yields the basic influent flow rate (L). 水 Basic inflow volume (L) 水 =Target hydrogen production flow rate Q n / Hydrogen-to-water ratio, based on basic influent volume (L) 水 And the total influent volume L is obtained from the influent coefficient X. 总 Total inflow L 总 =Basic inflow volume (L) 水 ×Inlet water coefficient X at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0, and the total inlet water L input to the reaction chamber of the hydrolysis hydrogen production system. 总 It reacts with water-electrolysis hydrogen production materials to generate hydrogen, thereby providing hydrogen pressure and flow to fuel cells.

[0010] In some embodiments, the water inlet coefficient X is equal to X1 + X2, which correspond to the proportional coefficient P and the integral coefficient I, respectively. The proportional coefficient P, i.e., X1, is obtained by looking up a table from the difference between the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the pressure fluctuation value k. The integral coefficient I, i.e., X2, is obtained by looking up a table from the integral value of the difference between the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 over a period of time. The water inlet coefficient X is obtained by summing X1 and X2.

[0011] In some embodiments, the water electrolysis hydrogen production variable flow gas supply control method further includes the following steps: based on the hydrogen production target flow rate Q0 during the operation of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the required flow rate Q1 of the variable flow control module is obtained; the required flow rate Q1 after the load change is determined to be greater than the hydrogen production target flow rate Q0; if Q1 > Q0, the flow rate is increased to increase the load; if Q1 < Q0, the flow rate is decreased to reduce the load.

[0012] Determine the relationship between the current real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the target hydrogen production pressure P0. If P' ≥ P0, it means that the current real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is above the target hydrogen production pressure P0, i.e., it is between the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the high-pressure threshold P0. hiBetween these points, the variable flow control stage involves controlling the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' from the target hydrogen production pressure P0 to the high pressure threshold P. hi Adjustment of deviation within the interval, wherein the deviation is (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) or (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0), the deviation values ​​are all in the range of [0~1], where the deviation during the continuous pressure rise phase is (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0), the larger P' is, the greater the deviation, that is, the farther away from the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the more necessary it is to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q during the transition phase. n To suppress the rapid rise in hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from reaching the high pressure threshold P. hi The above; the deviation during the continuous pressure decrease phase is (P) hi -P') / (P hi -P0), the smaller P' is, the greater the deviation, that is, the closer it is to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the more necessary it is to increase the target hydrogen production flow rate Q in the transition stage. n This is to suppress the rapid drop in hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from falling below the target hydrogen production pressure P0; if P' < P0, it means that the current pressure P' is below the target hydrogen production pressure P0, that is, below the minimum operating pressure P0 for hydrogen production. lo The variable flow control stage is between the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' at the minimum operating pressure P. lo The adjustment of the deviation from the target hydrogen production pressure P0 range, where the deviation is (P'-P). lo ) / (P0-P lo ) or (P0-P') / (P0-P lo The deviation values ​​are all in the range of [0~1], with the deviation during the continuous pressure rise phase being (P'-P). lo ) / (P0-P lo The deviation during the sustained pressure decrease phase is (P0-P') / (P0-P). lo );

[0013] Under conditions of increasing flow rate and decreasing flow rate to reduce load, if the pressure fluctuation signal is 0, it indicates that the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period and will not rapidly increase beyond the high pressure threshold P. hi Or it may drop rapidly below the minimum operating pressure P for hydrogen production. lo The variable flow control is less affected by the deviation of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' from the hydrogen production range. Instead, it is adjusted by the ratio of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' to the target hydrogen production pressure P0. Under the condition of increasing flow and load, the ratio is P0 / P', which decreases as P' increases. Under the condition of decreasing flow and load, the ratio is P' / P0, which increases as P' increases.

[0014] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuously rising phase with the pressure continuously rising signal == 1, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2 = Q1 - (P' - P0) / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), meaning the required flow rate for hydrogen production from water electrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1. The increased output hydrogen flow rate inevitably causes a pressure drop in the reaction chamber. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 needs to be promptly changed to Q1 to meet the demand for Q1. However, at this point, the pressure is above the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the real-time pressure is still rising. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1, (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) represents the deviation, indicating the difference (P'-P0) between the current hydrogen production pressure P0 and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 relative to the high pressure threshold P. hi The difference (P) hi The proportion of -P0), (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) is between 0 and 1. The larger the ratio, the closer the current pressure is to the maximum operating pressure threshold P. hi The closer the target hydrogen production pressure P0 is to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1, the further it deviates from the target hydrogen production pressure P'. To avoid overpressure after load change, the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' needs to be larger, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 needs to be smaller. The pressure fluctuation value k is also negatively correlated with the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. During the continuous pressure rise phase, k is always greater than 0. The larger k is, the faster the pressure increases, and the more necessary it is to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure rise. According to experimental experience, the k value is between 0.3 and 1.5 kPa / s during this phase. Q1-Q0 is the load change gradient difference of the target hydrogen production flow rate. To prevent insufficient or excessive gas supply, the load change gradient difference will be consistent with the fuel cell load change and have upper and lower limits. Therefore, Q0 < Q2 < Q1, and the larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is... The larger the pressure fluctuation value k, the smaller Q2, and vice versa. This ensures that the hydrogen production from the influent is less than the hydrogen output during this stage, thus suppressing the continuous rise in real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2 is greater than or equal to t1, or the hydrogen production pressure stops rising (pressure rise signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q2 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to supply and production balance. Here, t1 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t1 is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q2 until the pressure stops rising. At the same time, the pressure rise signal == 0 indicates that the pressure stops rising and the upward trend of pressure is effectively suppressed, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 is switched to.

[0015] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuously decreasing phase (pressure continuously decreasing signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q3 = Q1 - (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0) can be understood as the demand flow rate for hydrogen production from water electrolysis changing from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1. The increased output hydrogen flow rate will inevitably cause a drop in pressure in the hydrogen production reactor. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 needs to be promptly changed to Q1 to meet the subsequent demand of Q1. Although the pressure is above the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at this point, the real-time pressure is constantly decreasing, thus requiring an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. (P)k(Q1-Q0)k(Q0-Q1 ... hi -P') / (P hi -P0) represents the deviation, indicating the difference between the current pressure and the high pressure threshold (P). hi -P') represents the target hydrogen production pressure P0 to the high pressure threshold P. hi Difference (P) hi The proportion of -P0), (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0) is between 0 and 1. Clearly, as the pressure decreases, the real-time hydrogen production pressure gets closer to the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and closer to the maximum operating pressure threshold P. hi The farther away, (P) hi -P') / (P hi The larger the -P0), the more pronounced the pressure drop. During this sustained pressure decrease phase, k remains consistently less than 0. A smaller k indicates a faster pressure drop, necessitating an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure decline. Based on experimental experience, during this phase, the k value is between -0.5 and -2 kPa / s. Therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q3. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the smaller the instantaneous pressure drop fluctuation value k, and the larger Q3 becomes. Conversely, the larger Q3 becomes, ensuring that the influent hydrogen production exceeds the hydrogen output during this phase, thus suppressing the continued decline of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at the target flow rate Q3 is greater than or equal to t2, or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to decrease (pressure continuous decrease signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q3 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t2 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t2 equals the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q3 until the pressure no longer continues to decrease. At the same time, the pressure continuous decrease signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to decrease, and the downward trend of the pressure has been effectively suppressed. It can also switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0016] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is neither in a continuously rising phase nor a continuously falling phase (the continuous pressure rising signal == 0 and the continuous pressure falling signal == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q4 = Q1 + P0 / P'|k|(Q1 - Q0). At this time, the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period with slight pressure oscillations. Due to the lag of the chemical reaction, it is necessary to slightly increase the target hydrogen production flow rate to avoid a lag in pressure decrease after switching from a small flow rate to a large flow rate. The value of P0 / P' is within [P0 / P0]. hi The pressure is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, i.e., P0 / P'≤1. Based on experimental experience, during this stage, the k value is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, and k takes the absolute value. Therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q4. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value and the larger Q4, and vice versa. This makes the hydrogen production from the influent greater than the hydrogen output during this stage. The operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q4 is greater than or equal to t3 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 1). The target hydrogen production flow rate changes from Q4 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to the supply and production balance. Here, t3 is the calibration quantity, which is the average value of multiple calibration data in the experiment. t3 is equal to the time from the switch of the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q4 until the pressure continues to rise. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 1 indicates that the pressure has continued to rise and can be switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 normally. In addition, according to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during the continuous rise of pressure during this stage is between 0.25 and 0.35 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic pressure increase leading to overpressure.

[0017] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuously rising phase (pressure continuously rising signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q5 = Q1 - (P' - P0) lo ) / (P0-P lo When the flow rate required for hydrogen production via hydrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1, the increased output hydrogen flow rate causes a drop in pressure in the hydrogen production reactor. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be adjusted to Q1 in a timely manner to meet the subsequent demand of Q1. Although the pressure is below the target hydrogen production pressure at this time, the real-time pressure is in the rising phase. According to experimental experience, the pressure will rise above the target hydrogen production pressure relatively quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. (P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo This represents the difference between the current pressure and the minimum operating pressure threshold (P' - P). lo The difference between the minimum operating pressure and the target hydrogen production pressure (P0-P) lo The proportion of (P'-P)lo ) / (P0-P lo The value is between 0 and 1. A larger ratio indicates that the current pressure is closer to the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and closer to the minimum operating pressure threshold P. lo The farther away, the larger P' becomes, (P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo The larger the k value, the smaller the pressure fluctuation value; during the continuous pressure rise phase, k is always greater than 0. The larger the k value, the faster the pressure increases, and the more necessary it is to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure rise. According to experimental experience, during this phase, the k value is between 0.4 and 2 kPa / s. Therefore, Q0 < Q5 < Q1. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the smaller the pressure fluctuation value k, and the larger Q5 is, and vice versa. This ensures that the hydrogen production from the influent is less than the hydrogen output during this phase, thus suppressing the continuous rise of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at flow rate Q5 is greater than or equal to t4 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q5 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t4 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t4 equals the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q5 until the pressure no longer continues to rise. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to rise, and the upward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed. It can also switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0018] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuously decreasing phase (pressure continuously decreasing signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q6 = Q1 - (P0 - P') / (P0 - P lo )k(Q1-Q0) can be understood as the demand flow rate for hydrogen production from water electrolysis changing from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1. The increased output hydrogen flow rate will inevitably cause a drop in pressure in the hydrogen production reactor. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be adjusted to Q1 in a timely manner to meet the subsequent demand of Q1. Simultaneously, the pressure is below the target hydrogen production pressure and is continuously decreasing in real time, thus requiring an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. (P0-P') / (P0-P lo The difference between the current pressure and the target hydrogen production pressure (P0-P') represents the percentage of the difference between the minimum operating pressure and the target hydrogen production pressure (P0-P'). lo The ratio of (P0-P') / (P0-P) lo Between 0 and 1, it is clear that as the pressure decreases, the real-time hydrogen production pressure deviates further from the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and from the minimum operating pressure threshold P. lo The closer, (P0-P') / (P0-P) loThe larger the value of k, the faster the pressure drops, indicating a continuous decrease in pressure. During this phase, k is always less than 0. A smaller k indicates a faster pressure drop, necessitating an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure decline. Based on experimental experience, during this phase, the k value is between -0.5 and -2.5 kPa / s. Therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q6. A smaller real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and a smaller instantaneous pressure drop fluctuation value of k result in a larger Q6, and vice versa. This ensures that the hydrogen production from the influent exceeds the hydrogen output during this phase, thus suppressing the continuous decrease in the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. At the hydrogen production target... If the operating time at the target flow rate Q6 is greater than or equal to t5 or the hydrogen production pressure stops decreasing (pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q6 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t5 is the calibration amount, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. This time is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q6 until the pressure stops decreasing. At the same time, the pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0 indicates that the pressure has stopped decreasing and the downward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed, so it can be switched normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0019] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is neither in a continuously rising phase nor a continuously falling phase (the signal for continuously rising pressure == 0 and the signal for continuously falling pressure == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q7 = Q1 + P0 / P'|k|(Q1 - Q0). This can be understood as the pressure fluctuation being in a stable period with slight pressure oscillations. However, due to the lag in the chemical reaction, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be slightly increased to prevent a delayed decrease in pressure after switching from a small flow rate to a large flow rate. The value of P0 / P' is in the range (1~P0 / P0). lo When the pressure is between 0 and 1, i.e., P0 / P' > 1, according to experimental experience, the k value is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s during this stage, and k takes the absolute value, so Q0 < Q1 < Q7. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value and the larger Q7, and vice versa, so that the hydrogen production from the influent is greater than the hydrogen output during this stage. When the operating time at the hydrogen production target flow rate Q7 is greater than or equal to t6 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 1), the hydrogen production target flow rate changes from Q7 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to the supply and production balance. Here, t6 is the calibration amount, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment. t6 is equal to the time from the switch of the hydrogen production target flow rate from Q0 to Q7 to the continuous rise of the pressure. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 1 indicates that the pressure has been rising continuously, and it can be switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 normally. According to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during the continuous rise of the pressure during this stage is between 0.3 and 0.5 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic increase in pressure leading to overpressure.

[0020] In some embodiments, under the condition of reduced flow rate and load, it is also necessary to determine the relationship between the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber and the target hydrogen production pressure P0. If it is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuously rising phase (pressure continuously rising signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q8 = Q1 + (P' - P0) / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), which is the same load change logic as the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2 under the increased flow load condition, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the pressure is in a continuous rising stage. The difference is that the target hydrogen production flow rate load change gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0. According to experimental experience, the k value is between 0.75 and 2 kPa / s in this stage; therefore, Q0 < Q8 < Q1. The larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is, the larger the pressure fluctuation value k is, and the smaller Q8 is. Conversely, the larger Q8 is, so that the hydrogen production of the influent in this stage is less than the hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous increase of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q8 is greater than or equal to t7 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q8 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t7 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t7 is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q8 until the pressure no longer continues to rise. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to rise, and the upward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed. It is also possible to switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0021] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase (pressure continuous decreasing signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q9 = Q1 + (P hi -P') / (P hi-P0)k(Q1-Q0), which is the same load change logic as the target hydrogen production flow rate Q3 under the increased flow rate loading condition, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the pressure is in a continuously decreasing phase. The difference is that the target hydrogen production flow rate load change gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0. According to experimental experience, in this stage, the k value is between -0.35 and -1 kPa / s; therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q9. The larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the larger the pressure fluctuation value k, and the smaller Q9, and vice versa, so that the hydrogen production from the influent in this stage is greater than the hydrogen output. To suppress the continuous decline of real-time hydrogen production pressure P', when the operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q9 is greater than or equal to t8 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to decline (pressure continuous decline signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q9 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to the supply-production balance. Here, t8 is the calibration amount, which is the average value of multiple calibration data in the experiment. This time is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q9 until the pressure no longer continues to decline. At the same time, the pressure continuous decline signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to decline, the downward trend of pressure is effectively suppressed, and it can also switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0022] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is neither in a continuously rising phase nor in a continuously falling phase (pressure continuously rising signal == 0 and pressure continuously falling signal == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q is set. 10 = Q1+P' / P0|k|(Q1-Q0), which can be understood as the pressure fluctuation being in a stable period with slight pressure oscillations. However, due to the lag in chemical reactions, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be slightly reduced to prevent a delayed pressure rise after switching from a high flow rate to a low flow rate. The value of P' / P0 is in the range [1~P hi When the value of k is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, i.e., P' / P0≥1, based on experimental experience, the value of k in this stage is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, and k takes the absolute value. Therefore, Q0<Q 10 <Q1, the higher the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value, Q 10 The smaller, the better. 10 The larger the flow rate, the less the hydrogen produced from the influent will be compared to the hydrogen output during this stage. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 10 If the operating time is greater than or equal to t9 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to decrease (pressure decrease signal == 1), the target hydrogen production flow rate will be changed from Q. 10 The process is changed to Q1, with hydrogen production proceeding according to a supply-production balance. Here, t9 is the calibration value, the average of multiple calibration data points from the experiment. t9 equals the target hydrogen production flow rate when switching from Q0 to Q1. 10The pressure continues to rise for a period of time, while the pressure continues to fall signal ==1 indicates that the pressure has continued to fall, and it is normal to switch to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. According to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during this stage of continuous pressure decline is between -0.25 and -0.35 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic pressure drop leading to low pressure.

[0023] In some embodiments, under the condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at the current moment, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuously rising phase (pressure continuously rising signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q is... 11 = Q1+(P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo The formula k(Q1-Q0) is similar to the load-changing logic of the target hydrogen production flow rate Q5 under the condition of increasing flow rate and load, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the pressure is in a continuously rising stage. The difference is that the load-changing gradient difference (Q1-Q0) of the target hydrogen production flow rate is less than 0. According to experimental experience, the value of k is between 1 and 2.5 kPa / s in this stage; therefore, Q0 < Q 11 <Q1, the larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the larger the pressure fluctuation value k, the better. 11 The smaller, the better. 11 The larger the value, the less the hydrogen production from the influent in this stage will be compared to the hydrogen output, thus suppressing the continuous increase in the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 11 The running time is greater than or equal to t 10 Or the hydrogen production pressure stops rising (pressure rise signal == 0), and the target hydrogen production flow rate is changed from Q. 11 Jump to Q1, hydrogen production is carried out according to supply and production balance, where t 10 It is the calibration quantitation quantity, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment, t 10 This is equivalent to switching the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q. 11 The pressure stops rising when the pressure rise signal is 0, indicating that the pressure has stopped rising and the upward trend has been effectively suppressed. The system can then switch to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0024] In some embodiments, under the condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at the current moment, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase (pressure continuous decrease signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q is... 12 = Q1+(P0-P') / (P0-P loThe formula k(Q1-Q0) is similar to the load-changing logic of the target hydrogen production flow rate Q6 under the increased flow rate loading condition, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase. The difference is that the target hydrogen production flow rate load gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0. Based on experimental experience, the k value is between -0.5 and -1.5 kPa / s during this phase; therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q0. 12 The larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the larger the pressure fluctuation value k, the better. 12 The smaller, the better. 12 The larger the value, the greater the hydrogen production from the influent in this stage, ensuring that the hydrogen output exceeds the hydrogen production rate, thus suppressing the continuous decline in the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 12 The running time is greater than or equal to t 11 Or the hydrogen production pressure stops decreasing (pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0), and the target hydrogen production flow rate is changed from Q. 12 Jump to Q1, hydrogen production is carried out according to supply and production balance, where t 12 It is the calibration quantitation quantity, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment, t 11 This is equivalent to switching the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q. 12 The time when the pressure stops decreasing and the pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0 indicates that the pressure has stopped decreasing and the downward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 can be switched normally.

[0025] In some embodiments, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at the current moment, and the hydrogen production pressure is neither in a continuously rising phase nor in a continuously falling phase (the continuous pressure rising signal == 0 and the continuous pressure falling signal == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q is set. 13 = Q1 + P' / P0|k|(Q1-Q0), which can be understood as the pressure fluctuation being in a stable period with slight oscillations. However, due to the lag in chemical reactions, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be slightly reduced to prevent a delayed pressure rise after switching from a high flow rate to a low flow rate. The value of P' / P0 is within the range [P...]. lo When P' / P0 < 1, based on experimental experience, the value of k in this stage is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, and k takes its absolute value. Therefore, Q0 < Q. 13 <Q1, the higher the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value, Q 13 The smaller, the better. 13 The larger the flow rate, the less the hydrogen produced from the influent will be compared to the hydrogen output during this stage. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 13 The running time is greater than or equal to t 12 Or the hydrogen production pressure continues to decrease (pressure decrease signal == 1), the target hydrogen production flow rate is changed from Q. 13It becomes Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, of which t 12 It is the calibration quantitation quantity, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment, t 12 This is equivalent to switching the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q. 13 The pressure continues to rise for a period of time, while the pressure continues to fall signal ==1 indicates that the pressure has continued to fall, and it is normal to switch to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. According to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during this stage of continuous pressure decline is between -0.25 and -0.4 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic pressure drop leading to low pressure.

[0026] An embodiment of this application also provides a water electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0027] The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes the above-mentioned variable flow gas supply control method for water electrolysis hydrogen production.

[0028] An embodiment of this application also provides a fuel cell.

[0029] A fuel cell comprising the aforementioned water electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0030] The aforementioned variable flow rate gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis can be applied to the field of hydrogen production via water electrolysis in fuel cells. Based on the dynamic load requirements of the fuel cell under dynamic operating conditions, the hydrogen production flow rate dynamically adjusts. During the load adjustment process, the system considers real-time hydrogen production pressure P', pressure fluctuation value k, and low pressure threshold P. lo High pressure threshold P hi The target hydrogen production flow rate Q0, the demand flow rate Q1, the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the pressure rise and fall signals are used to adjust the load flow rate, avoid drastic fluctuations in hydrogen production pressure, and achieve dynamic adjustment and stable supply of hydrogen pressure and flow rate from hydrolysis. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a variable flow gas supply control method for hydrogen production via hydrolysis according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a variable flow gas supply control method for hydrogen production via hydrolysis according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a variable flow gas supply control method for hydrogen production via hydrolysis according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0037] In this document, unless otherwise stated, the reaction steps may be performed in the order described herein or not. For example, other steps may be included between reaction steps, and the order of reaction steps may be appropriately interchanged. This is something that those skilled in the art can determine based on conventional knowledge and experience. Preferably, the reaction methods described herein are performed sequentially.

[0038] In this application, when numerical intervals (i.e., numerical ranges) are mentioned, unless otherwise specified, the distribution of selectable numerical values ​​within the numerical interval is considered continuous, and includes the two endpoints of the numerical interval (i.e., the minimum and maximum values), as well as every numerical value between these two endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when a numerical interval refers only to integers within that numerical interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, as well as every integer between the two endpoints, which is equivalent to directly listing every integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these numerical ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges disclosed in this application should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, percentage, ratio, etc. The term "numerical interval" can be broadly included to include percentage intervals, ratio intervals, proportion intervals, etc.

[0039] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0040] This application provides a variable flow rate gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. In existing technologies, hydrogen production via water electrolysis uses a fixed flow rate for water intake control, making variable flow rate control impossible. This makes it unsuitable for direct use with fuel cells, requiring a buffer tank. Even when there is a variable flow rate requirement, there is no buffer strategy for flow rate switching during load changes; instead, the flow rate changes immediately with the demand, easily causing significant fluctuations in hydrogen production pressure, and even low or overpressure, affecting the operation of the fuel cell system. The variable flow rate gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] The variable flow gas supply control method for hydrogen production via hydrolysis provided in this application is exemplary; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the variable flow rate gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis provided in this application. The variable flow rate gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis of this application can be used for variable flow rate gas supply control in fuel cell water electrolysis hydrogen production.

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the structure of the variable flow rate gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis, the following will introduce the method in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] For example, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the variable flow gas supply control method for hydrogen production by hydrolysis provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] A method for controlling the variable flow rate gas supply for hydrogen production via hydrolysis includes the following steps:

[0045] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the input signals to the variable flow control module of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system include: real-time hydrogen production pressure P', pressure fluctuation value k, and low pressure threshold P. lo High pressure threshold P hi The hydrogen production target flow rate Q0, demand flow rate Q1, target hydrogen production pressure P0, and pressure rise / fall signals, where the low pressure threshold P0 is... lo High pressure threshold P hi The target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 and target hydrogen production pressure P0 are constant values ​​under certain operating conditions. The pressure fluctuation value k is the difference between the hydrogen production pressure at any time and the hydrogen production pressure at the previous time. The required flow rate Q1 is the hydrogen production flow rate when the flow rate is variable. When the pressure fluctuation value k is greater than 0 for n consecutive times, it is a signal of continuous pressure increase. If the pressure fluctuation value k is less than 0 for n consecutive times, it is a signal of continuous pressure decrease.

[0046] The variable flow control module adjusts the required flow rate Q1 according to the input signal, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q after the transition phase. n n≥2, so that the target hydrogen production flow rate Q after load variationn + Q0 reaches Q1, based on the target hydrogen production flow rate Q n The hydrogen-to-water ratio (the amount of water required to produce a unit mass of hydrogen from hydrogen-producing materials) yields the basic influent flow rate (L). 水 Basic inflow volume (L) 水 =Target hydrogen production flow rate Q n / Hydrogen-to-water ratio, based on basic influent volume (L) 水 And the total influent volume L is obtained from the influent coefficient X. 总 Total inflow L 总 =Basic inflow volume (L) 水 ×Inlet water coefficient X at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0, and the total inlet water L input to the reaction chamber of the hydrolysis hydrogen production system. 总 It reacts with water-electrolysis hydrogen production materials to generate hydrogen, thereby providing hydrogen pressure and flow to fuel cells.

[0047] In some embodiments, the water inlet coefficient X is equal to X1 + X2, which correspond to the proportional coefficient P and the integral coefficient I, respectively. The proportional coefficient P, i.e., X1, is obtained by looking up a table from the difference between the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the pressure fluctuation value k. The integral coefficient I, i.e., X2, is obtained by looking up a table from the integral value of the difference between the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 over a period of time. The water inlet coefficient X is obtained by summing X1 and X2.

[0048] In some embodiments, the water electrolysis hydrogen production variable flow gas supply control method further includes the following steps: Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, based on the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 during the operation of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the required flow rate Q1 of the variable flow control module is obtained. The magnitudes of the required flow rate Q1 after the load change and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 are determined. If Q1 > Q0, the flow rate is increased to increase the load; if Q1 < Q0, the flow rate is decreased to reduce the load.

[0049] Determine the relationship between the current real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the target hydrogen production pressure P0. If P' ≥ P0, it means that the current real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is above the target hydrogen production pressure P0, i.e., it is between the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the high-pressure threshold P0. hi Between these points, the variable flow control stage involves controlling the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' from the target hydrogen production pressure P0 to the high pressure threshold P. hi Adjustment of deviation within the interval, wherein the deviation is (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) or (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0), the deviation values ​​are all in the range of [0~1], where the deviation during the continuous pressure rise phase is (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0), the larger P' is, the greater the deviation, that is, the farther away from the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the more necessary it is to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q during the transition phase.n To suppress the rapid rise in hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from reaching the high pressure threshold P. hi The above; the deviation during the continuous pressure decrease phase is (P) hi -P') / (P hi -P0), the smaller P' is, the greater the deviation, that is, the closer it is to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the more necessary it is to increase the target hydrogen production flow rate Q in the transition stage. n This is to suppress the rapid drop in hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from falling below the target hydrogen production pressure P0; if P' < P0, it means that the current pressure P' is below the target hydrogen production pressure P0, that is, below the minimum operating pressure P0 for hydrogen production. lo The variable flow control stage is between the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' at the minimum operating pressure P. lo The adjustment of the deviation from the target hydrogen production pressure P0 range, where the deviation is (P'-P). lo ) / (P0-P lo ) or (P0-P') / (P0-P lo The deviation values ​​are all in the range of [0~1], with the deviation during the continuous pressure rise phase being (P'-P). lo ) / (P0-P lo The larger P' is, the greater the deviation, meaning the closer it is to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the more necessary it is to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q during the transition phase. n To suppress the rapid rise in hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from exceeding the target hydrogen production pressure P0 too much; the deviation during the continuous pressure decrease phase is (P0-P') / (P0-P lo The smaller P' is, the greater the deviation, meaning the further away from the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the more necessary it is to increase the target hydrogen production flow rate Q during the transition phase. n To suppress the rapid drop in hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from falling to the minimum operating pressure P for hydrogen production. lo the following;

[0050] Under conditions of increasing flow rate and decreasing flow rate to reduce load, if the pressure fluctuation signal is 0, it indicates that the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period and will not rapidly increase beyond the high pressure threshold P. hi Or it may drop rapidly below the minimum operating pressure P for hydrogen production. lo The variable flow control is less affected by the deviation of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' from the hydrogen production range. Instead, it is adjusted by the ratio of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' to the target hydrogen production pressure P0. Under the condition of increasing flow and load, the ratio is P0 / P', which decreases as P' increases. Under the condition of decreasing flow and load, the ratio is P' / P0, which increases as P' increases.

[0051] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 2As shown, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' in the reactor chamber is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous rising phase with the pressure continuous rising signal equal to 1, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2 = Q1 - (P' - P0) / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), meaning the required flow rate for hydrogen production from water electrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1. The increased output hydrogen flow rate inevitably causes a pressure drop in the reaction chamber. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 needs to be promptly changed to Q1 to meet the demand for Q1. However, at this point, the pressure is above the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the real-time pressure is still rising. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1, (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) represents the deviation, indicating the difference (P'-P0) between the current hydrogen production pressure P0 and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 relative to the high pressure threshold P. hi The difference (P) hi The proportion of -P0), (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) is between 0 and 1. The larger the ratio, the closer the current pressure is to the maximum operating pressure threshold P. hi The closer the target hydrogen production pressure P0 is to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1, the further it deviates from the target hydrogen production pressure P'. To avoid overpressure after load change, the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' needs to be larger, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 needs to be smaller. The pressure fluctuation value k is also negatively correlated with the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. During the continuous pressure rise phase, k is always greater than 0. The larger k is, the faster the pressure increases, and the more necessary it is to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure rise. According to experimental experience, the k value is between 0.3 and 1.5 kPa / s during this phase. Q1-Q0 is the load change gradient difference of the target hydrogen production flow rate. To prevent insufficient or excessive gas supply, the load change gradient difference will be consistent with the fuel cell load change and have upper and lower limits. Therefore, Q0 < Q2 < Q1, and the larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is... The larger the pressure fluctuation value k, the smaller Q2, and vice versa. This ensures that the hydrogen production from the influent is less than the hydrogen output during this stage, thus suppressing the continuous rise in real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2 is greater than or equal to t1, or the hydrogen production pressure stops rising (pressure rise signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q2 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to supply and production balance. Here, t1 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t1 is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q2 until the pressure stops rising. At the same time, the pressure rise signal == 0 indicates that the pressure stops rising and the upward trend of pressure is effectively suppressed, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 is switched to.

[0052] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 2As shown, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase (pressure continuous decreasing signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q3 = Q1 - (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0) can be understood as the demand flow rate for hydrogen production from water electrolysis changing from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1. The increased output hydrogen flow rate will inevitably cause a drop in pressure in the hydrogen production reactor. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 needs to be promptly changed to Q1 to meet the subsequent demand of Q1. Although the pressure is above the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at this point, the real-time pressure is constantly decreasing, thus requiring an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. (P)k(Q1-Q0)k(Q0-Q1 ... hi -P') / (P hi -P0) represents the deviation, indicating the difference between the current pressure and the high pressure threshold (P). hi -P') represents the target hydrogen production pressure P0 to the high pressure threshold P. hi Difference (P) hi The proportion of -P0), (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0) is between 0 and 1. Clearly, as the pressure decreases, the real-time hydrogen production pressure gets closer to the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and closer to the maximum operating pressure threshold P. hi The farther away, (P) hi -P') / (P hi The larger the -P0), the more pronounced the pressure drop. During this sustained pressure decrease phase, k remains consistently less than 0. A smaller k indicates a faster pressure drop, necessitating an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure decline. Based on experimental experience, during this phase, the k value is between -0.5 and -2 kPa / s. Therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q3. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the smaller the instantaneous pressure drop fluctuation value k, and the larger Q3 becomes. Conversely, the larger Q3 becomes, ensuring that the influent hydrogen production exceeds the hydrogen output during this phase, thus suppressing the continued decline of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at the target flow rate Q3 is greater than or equal to t2, or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to decrease (pressure continuous decrease signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q3 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t2 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t2 equals the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q3 until the pressure no longer continues to decrease. At the same time, the pressure continuous decrease signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to decrease, and the downward trend of the pressure has been effectively suppressed. It can also switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0053] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 2As shown, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' in the reaction chamber is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is neither in a continuously rising phase nor a continuously falling phase (the signal for continuously rising pressure == 0 and the signal for continuously falling pressure == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q4 = Q1 + P0 / P'|k|(Q1-Q0). At this time, the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period with slight pressure oscillations. Due to the lag of the chemical reaction, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be slightly increased to avoid a lag in pressure decrease after switching from a small flow rate to a large flow rate. The value of P0 / P' is within [P0 / P0]. hi [1] is between, i.e., P0 / P'≤1. According to experimental experience, during this stage, the k value is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s. k takes the absolute value, so Q0 < Q1 < Q4. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value and the larger Q4, and vice versa. This makes the hydrogen production from the influent greater than the hydrogen output during this stage. The operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q4 is greater than or equal to t3 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 1). The target hydrogen production flow rate changes from Q4 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to the supply and production balance. Here, t3 is the calibration amount, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment. t3 is equal to the time from the switch of the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q4 to the continuous rise of the pressure. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 1 indicates that the pressure has been rising continuously, and it can be switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 normally. In addition, according to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during the continuous rise of the pressure during this stage is between 0.25 and 0.35 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic increase in pressure leading to overpressure.

[0054] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' in the reactor chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous rising phase (pressure continuous rising signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q5 = Q1 - (P' - P lo ) / (P0-P lo When the flow rate required for hydrogen production via hydrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1, the increased output hydrogen flow rate causes a drop in pressure in the hydrogen production reactor. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be adjusted to Q1 in a timely manner to meet the subsequent demand of Q1. Although the pressure is below the target hydrogen production pressure at this time, the real-time pressure is in the rising phase. According to experimental experience, the pressure will rise above the target hydrogen production pressure relatively quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. (P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo This represents the difference between the current pressure and the minimum operating pressure threshold (P' - P). lo The difference between the minimum operating pressure and the target hydrogen production pressure (P0-P) loThe proportion of (P'-P) lo ) / (P0-P lo The value is between 0 and 1. A larger ratio indicates that the current pressure is closer to the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and closer to the minimum operating pressure threshold P. lo The farther away, the larger P' becomes, (P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo The larger the k value, the smaller the pressure fluctuation value; during the continuous pressure rise phase, k is always greater than 0. The larger the k value, the faster the pressure increases, and the more necessary it is to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure rise. According to experimental experience, during this phase, the k value is between 0.4 and 2 kPa / s. Therefore, Q0 < Q5 < Q1. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the smaller the pressure fluctuation value k, and the larger Q5 is, and vice versa. This ensures that the hydrogen production from the influent is less than the hydrogen output during this phase, thus suppressing the continuous rise of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at flow rate Q5 is greater than or equal to t4 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q5 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t4 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t4 equals the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q5 until the pressure no longer continues to rise. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to rise, and the upward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed. It can also switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0055] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' in the reactor chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase (pressure continuous decreasing signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q6 = Q1 - (P0 - P') / (P0 - P lo )k(Q1-Q0) can be understood as the demand flow rate for hydrogen production from water electrolysis changing from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1. The increased output hydrogen flow rate will inevitably cause a drop in pressure in the hydrogen production reactor. Therefore, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be adjusted to Q1 in a timely manner to meet the subsequent demand of Q1. Simultaneously, the pressure is below the target hydrogen production pressure and is continuously decreasing in real time, thus requiring an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. (P0-P') / (P0-P lo The difference between the current pressure and the target hydrogen production pressure (P0-P') represents the percentage of the difference between the minimum operating pressure and the target hydrogen production pressure (P0-P'). lo The ratio of (P0-P') / (P0-P) lo Between 0 and 1, it is clear that as the pressure decreases, the real-time hydrogen production pressure deviates further from the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and from the minimum operating pressure threshold P. lo The closer, (P0-P') / (P0-P)lo The larger the value of k, the faster the pressure drops, indicating a continuous decrease in pressure. During this phase, k is always less than 0. A smaller k indicates a faster pressure drop, necessitating an increase in the target hydrogen production flow rate to suppress the rapid pressure decline. Based on experimental experience, during this phase, the k value is between -0.5 and -2.5 kPa / s. Therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q6. A smaller real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and a smaller instantaneous pressure drop fluctuation value of k result in a larger Q6, and vice versa. This ensures that the hydrogen production from the influent exceeds the hydrogen output during this phase, thus suppressing the continuous decrease in the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. At the hydrogen production target... If the operating time at the target flow rate Q6 is greater than or equal to t5 or the hydrogen production pressure stops decreasing (pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q6 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t5 is the calibration amount, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. This time is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q6 until the pressure stops decreasing. At the same time, the pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0 indicates that the pressure has stopped decreasing and the downward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed, so it can be switched normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0056] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' in the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is neither in a continuously rising phase nor a continuously falling phase (the signal for continuously rising pressure == 0 and the signal for continuously falling pressure == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q7 = Q1 + P0 / P'|k|(Q1 - Q0). This can be understood as the pressure fluctuation being in a stable period with slight pressure oscillations. However, due to the lag in the chemical reaction, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be slightly increased to prevent a delayed pressure drop after switching from a small flow rate to a large flow rate. The value of P0 / P' is in the range (1~P0 / P0). lo When the pressure is between 0 and 1, i.e., P0 / P' > 1, according to experimental experience, the k value is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s during this stage, and k takes the absolute value, so Q0 < Q1 < Q7. The smaller the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value and the larger Q7, and vice versa, so that the hydrogen production from the influent is greater than the hydrogen output during this stage. When the operating time at the hydrogen production target flow rate Q7 is greater than or equal to t6 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 1), the hydrogen production target flow rate changes from Q7 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to the supply and production balance. Here, t6 is the calibration amount, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment. t6 is equal to the time from the switch of the hydrogen production target flow rate from Q0 to Q7 to the continuous rise of the pressure. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 1 indicates that the pressure has been rising continuously, and it can be switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 normally. According to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during the continuous rise of the pressure during this stage is between 0.3 and 0.5 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic increase in pressure leading to overpressure.

[0057] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, it is also necessary to determine the relationship between the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber and the target hydrogen production pressure P0. If it is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuously rising phase (pressure continuously rising signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q8 = Q1 + (P' - P0) / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), which is the same as the load change logic of the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2 under the condition of increasing flow rate and load, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the pressure is in the continuous rising stage. The difference is that the target hydrogen production flow rate load change gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0. According to experimental experience, the k value is between 0.75 and 2 kPa / s in this stage. Therefore, Q0 < Q8 < Q1. The larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is, the larger the pressure fluctuation value k is, and the smaller Q8 is. Conversely, the larger Q8 is, so that the hydrogen production of the influent in this stage is less than the hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous increase of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. If the operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q8 is greater than or equal to t7 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise (pressure continuous rise signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate will switch from Q8 to Q1, and hydrogen production will proceed according to supply-production balance. Here, t7 is the calibration value, which is the average of multiple calibration data from the experiment. t7 is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q8 until the pressure no longer continues to rise. At the same time, the pressure continuous rise signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to rise, and the upward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed. It is also possible to switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0058] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase (pressure continuous decreasing signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q9 = Q1 + (P hi -P') / (P hi-P0)k(Q1-Q0), which is the same load change logic as the target hydrogen production flow rate Q3 under the increased flow rate loading condition, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the pressure is in a continuously decreasing phase. The difference is that the target hydrogen production flow rate load change gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0. According to experimental experience, in this stage, the k value is between -0.35 and -1 kPa / s; therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q9. The larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the larger the pressure fluctuation value k, and the smaller Q9, and vice versa, so that the hydrogen production from the influent in this stage is greater than the hydrogen output. To suppress the continuous decline of real-time hydrogen production pressure P', when the operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q9 is greater than or equal to t8 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to decline (pressure continuous decline signal == 0), the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q9 to Q1, and hydrogen production is carried out according to the supply-production balance. Here, t8 is the calibration amount, which is the average value of multiple calibration data in the experiment. This time is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate switches from Q0 to Q9 until the pressure no longer continues to decline. At the same time, the pressure continuous decline signal == 0 indicates that the pressure no longer continues to decline, the downward trend of pressure is effectively suppressed, and it can also switch normally to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0059] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is neither in a continuous rising phase nor in a continuous falling phase (the continuous pressure rising signal == 0 and the continuous pressure falling signal == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q is... 10 = Q1+P' / P0|k|(Q1-Q0), which can be understood as the pressure fluctuation being in a stable period with slight pressure oscillations. However, due to the lag in chemical reactions, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be slightly reduced to prevent a delayed pressure rise after switching from a high flow rate to a low flow rate. The value of P' / P0 is in the range [1~P hi When the value of k is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, i.e., P' / P0≥1, based on experimental experience, the value of k in this stage is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, and k takes the absolute value. Therefore, Q0<Q 10 <Q1, the higher the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value, Q 10 The smaller, the better. 10 The larger the flow rate, the less the hydrogen produced from the influent will be compared to the hydrogen output during this stage. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 10 If the operating time is greater than or equal to t9 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to decrease (pressure decrease signal == 1), the target hydrogen production flow rate will be changed from Q. 10 The process is changed to Q1, with hydrogen production proceeding according to a supply-production balance. Here, t9 is the calibration value, the average of multiple calibration data points from the experiment. t9 equals the target hydrogen production flow rate when switching from Q0 to Q1. 10The pressure continues to rise for a period of time, while the pressure continues to fall signal ==1 indicates that the pressure has continued to fall, and it is normal to switch to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. According to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during this stage of continuous pressure decline is between -0.25 and -0.35 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic pressure drop leading to low pressure.

[0060] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at the current moment, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous rising phase (pressure continuous rising signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q 11 = Q1+(P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo The formula k(Q1-Q0) is similar to the load-changing logic of the target hydrogen production flow rate Q5 under the condition of increasing flow rate and load, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the pressure is in a continuously rising stage. The difference is that the load-changing gradient difference (Q1-Q0) of the target hydrogen production flow rate is less than 0. According to experimental experience, the value of k is between 1 and 2.5 kPa / s in this stage; therefore, Q0 < Q 11 <Q1, the larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the larger the pressure fluctuation value k, the better. 11 The smaller, the better. 11 The larger the value, the less the hydrogen production from the influent in this stage will be compared to the hydrogen output, thus suppressing the continuous increase in the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 11 The running time is greater than or equal to t 10 Or the hydrogen production pressure stops rising (pressure rise signal == 0), and the target hydrogen production flow rate is changed from Q. 11 Jump to Q1, hydrogen production is carried out according to supply and production balance, where t 10 It is the calibration quantitation quantity, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment, t 10 This is equivalent to switching the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q. 11 The pressure stops rising when the pressure rise signal is 0, indicating that the pressure has stopped rising and the upward trend has been effectively suppressed. The system can then switch to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

[0061] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at the current moment, and the hydrogen production pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase (pressure continuous decrease signal == 1), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q 12 = Q1+(P0-P') / (P0-P loThe formula k(Q1-Q0) is similar to the load-changing logic of the target hydrogen production flow rate Q6 under the increased flow rate loading condition, where the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of hydrolysis is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the pressure is in a continuous decreasing phase. The difference is that the target hydrogen production flow rate load gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0. Based on experimental experience, the k value is between -0.5 and -1.5 kPa / s during this phase; therefore, Q0 < Q1 < Q0. 12 The larger the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the larger the pressure fluctuation value k, the better. 12 The smaller, the better. 12 The larger the value, the greater the hydrogen production from the influent in this stage, ensuring that the hydrogen output exceeds the hydrogen production rate, thus suppressing the continuous decline in the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 12 The running time is greater than or equal to t 11 Or the hydrogen production pressure stops decreasing (pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0), and the target hydrogen production flow rate is changed from Q. 12 Jump to Q1, hydrogen production is carried out according to supply and production balance, where t 11 It is the calibration quantitation quantity, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment, t 11 This is equivalent to switching the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q. 12 The time when the pressure stops decreasing and the pressure continuously decreasing signal == 0 indicates that the pressure has stopped decreasing and the downward trend of pressure has been effectively suppressed, and the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 can be switched normally.

[0062] In some of these embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, under the demand condition of reduced flow rate and reduced load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0 at the current moment, and the hydrogen production pressure is neither in a continuously rising phase nor in a continuously falling phase (the signal for continuously rising pressure == 0 and the signal for continuously falling pressure == 0), then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q is... 13 = Q1 + P' / P0|k|(Q1-Q0), which can be understood as the pressure fluctuation being in a stable period with slight oscillations. However, due to the lag in chemical reactions, the target hydrogen production flow rate needs to be slightly reduced to prevent a delayed pressure rise after switching from a high flow rate to a low flow rate. The value of P' / P0 is within the range [P...]. lo When the value of k is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, i.e., P' / P0 < 1, based on experimental experience, the value of k in this stage is between -0.3 and 0.3 kPa / s, and k takes the absolute value. Therefore, Q0 < Q. 13 <Q1, the higher the real-time hydrogen production pressure P', the greater the fluctuation of the k value, Q 13 The smaller, the better. 13 The larger the flow rate, the less the hydrogen produced from the influent will be compared to the hydrogen output during this stage. At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q... 13 The running time is greater than or equal to t 12Or the hydrogen production pressure continues to decrease (pressure decrease signal == 1), the target hydrogen production flow rate is changed from Q. 13 It becomes Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, of which t 12 It is the calibration quantitation quantity, which is the average of multiple calibration data in the experiment, t 12 This is equivalent to switching the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q. 13 The pressure continues to rise for a period of time, while the pressure continues to fall signal ==1 indicates that the pressure has continued to fall, and it is normal to switch to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1. According to experimental experience, the pressure fluctuation value k during this stage of continuous pressure decline is between -0.25 and -0.4 kPa / s, and there will be no drastic pressure drop leading to low pressure.

[0063] An embodiment of this application also provides a water electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0064] The water electrolysis hydrogen production system includes the above-mentioned variable flow gas supply control method for water electrolysis hydrogen production.

[0065] An embodiment of this application also provides a fuel cell.

[0066] A fuel cell comprising the aforementioned water electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0067] The aforementioned variable flow rate gas supply control method for hydrogen production via water electrolysis can be applied to the field of hydrogen production via water electrolysis in fuel cells. Based on the dynamic load requirements of the fuel cell under dynamic operating conditions, the hydrogen production flow rate dynamically adjusts. During the load adjustment process, the system considers real-time hydrogen production pressure P', pressure fluctuation value k, and low pressure threshold P. lo High pressure threshold P hi The target hydrogen production flow rate Q0, the demand flow rate Q1, the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the pressure rise and fall signals are used to adjust the load flow rate, avoid drastic fluctuations in hydrogen production pressure, and achieve dynamic adjustment and stable supply of hydrogen pressure and flow rate from hydrolysis.

[0068] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0069] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0070] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis, characterized in that: The steps include: The input signals to the variable flow control module of the hydrolysis hydrogen production system include: real-time hydrogen production pressure P', pressure fluctuation value k, low pressure threshold P lo , high pressure threshold P hi , hydrogen production target flow rate Q0, demand flow rate Q1, target hydrogen production pressure P0 and pressure continuous rise and fall signal, among which the low pressure threshold P lo , high pressure threshold P hi , the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0 and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 are fixed values ​​under certain working conditions, the pressure fluctuation value k is the difference between the hydrogen production pressure at any moment and the hydrogen production pressure at the previous moment, the required flow rate Q1 is the hydrogen production flow rate when the flow rate is variable, when the pressure fluctuation value k at n consecutive moments is greater than 0, it is a signal of continuous pressure increase, if the pressure fluctuation value k at n consecutive moments is less than 0, it is a signal of continuous pressure decrease; The variable flow control module adjusts the required flow Q1 according to the input signal, and the target hydrogen production flow Q1 in the transition phase is n , n≥2, so that the target hydrogen production flow rate Q after load change n + Q0 reaches Q1, based on the target hydrogen production flow Q n , hydrogen-water ratio (the amount of water required to produce a unit mass of hydrogen from hydrogen-producing materials) to obtain the basic water intake L 水 , basic water inflow L 水 = Target hydrogen production flow rate Q n / Hydrogen-water ratio, based on basic water intake L 水 And the water inflow coefficient X to obtain the total water inflow L 总 , total water inflow L 总 =Basic water inflow L 水 × water inlet coefficient X at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q0, the total water inlet L input to the reaction chamber of the hydrolysis hydrogen production system 总 It reacts with the hydrolysis hydrogen-generating material to produce hydrogen, so as to provide hydrogen pressure and flow to the fuel cell.

2. The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Based on the target flow rate Q0 of hydrogen production by hydrolysis during operation, the demand flow rate Q1 of the variable flow control module is obtained, and the demand flow rate Q1 and the target flow rate Q0 of hydrogen production after load change are judged. If Q1>Q0, the flow rate is increased to pull the load; if Q1<Q0, the flow rate is decreased to reduce the load; Determine the relationship between the current real-time hydrogen production pressure P' and the target hydrogen production pressure P0. If P' ≥ P0, it means that the current real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is above the target hydrogen production pressure P0, that is, between the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the hydrogen production high pressure threshold P hi The variable flow control stage is to control the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' between the target hydrogen production pressure P0 and the high pressure threshold P hi The deviation within the interval is adjusted, and the deviation is (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) or (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0), the deviation values ​​are all between [0 and 1], where the deviation in the stage of continuous pressure increase is (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0), the larger the P', the greater the deviation, that is, the farther away from the target hydrogen production pressure P0, the more it is necessary to reduce the target hydrogen production flow rate Q in the transition stage. n To suppress the rapid rise of hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from rising to the high pressure threshold P hi Above; the deviation degree of the pressure continuous decrease stage is (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0), the smaller P' is, the greater the deviation is, that is, the closer to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, the more it is necessary to increase the target hydrogen production flow rate Q in the transition stage. n To suppress the rapid drop of hydrogen production pressure and prevent it from falling below the target hydrogen production pressure P0; if P'<P0, it means that the current pressure P' is below the target hydrogen production pressure P0, that is, at the lowest operating pressure P lo to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, so the variable flow control stage is to adjust the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' to the minimum operating pressure P lo The deviation from the target hydrogen production pressure P0 is adjusted. The deviation is (P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo ) or (P0-P') / (P0-P lo ), the deviation values ​​are all between [0 and 1], and the deviation in the stage of continuous pressure increase is (P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo ), the deviation of the pressure drop stage is (P0-P') / (P0-P lo ); Under the working conditions of increasing flow rate to pull load and decreasing flow rate to reduce load, if the pressure continuous rise and fall signal is 0, it indicates that the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period and will not rise rapidly to exceed the high pressure threshold P. hi Or it drops rapidly below the minimum operating pressure P for hydrogen production lo The variable flow control is less affected by the deviation adjustment of the hydrogen production interval in which the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' is located, but is adjusted by the ratio of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' to the target hydrogen production pressure P0. Under the condition of increasing flow rate and pulling load, the ratio is P0 / P', and the ratio decreases with the increase of P'. Under the condition of decreasing flow rate and reducing load, the ratio is P' / P0, and the ratio increases with the increase of P'.

3. The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) Under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is in a continuous rising stage, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2 = Q1-(P'-P0) / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), (P'-P0) / (P hi -P0) is between 0 and 1, the demand flow rate for hydrogen production by hydrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1, the output hydrogen flow rate increases, and the pressure continues to rise. The k value is between 0.3 and 1.5 kPa / s; Q1-Q0 is the load gradient difference of the target hydrogen production flow rate, and the load gradient difference is consistent with the fuel cell load change and has upper and lower limits, so Q0<Q2<Q1. The amount of hydrogen produced by the water inlet in this stage is less than the hydrogen output to suppress the continuous increase of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. When the operating time is greater than or equal to t1 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q2, the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q2 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, where t1 is equal to the time from the target hydrogen production flow rate switching from Q0 to Q2 to the time when the pressure no longer continues to rise. After the pressure no longer continues to rise, it switches to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1; (2) Under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is in a continuous decline stage, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q3 = Q1-(P hi -P') / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), (P hi -P') / (P hi -P0) is between 0 and 1, the required flow rate of hydrogen production by hydrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1, the output hydrogen flow rate increases, and the pressure continues to drop. The k value is between -0.5 and -2 kPa / s, so Q0<Q1<Q3. In this stage, the amount of hydrogen produced by water inflow is greater than the amount of hydrogen output to suppress the continuous decrease of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'; When the operating time under the target hydrogen production flow rate Q3 is greater than or equal to t2 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer drops continuously, the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q3 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, where t2 is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate is switched from Q0 to Q3 until the pressure no longer drops continuously, and the target hydrogen production flow rate is switched to Q1 after the pressure no longer drops continuously; (3) Under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is neither in a continuous rising stage nor in a continuous falling stage, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q4 = Q1 + P0 / P'|k|(Q1-Q0), at this time the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period, and the value of P0 / P' is between [P0 / P hi ~1], k value is between -0.3~0.3kPa / s, k takes an absolute value, Q0<Q1<Q4, so that the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is greater than the hydrogen output, the operation time is greater than or equal to t3 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to rise under the target hydrogen production flow rate Q4, the target hydrogen production flow rate changes from Q4 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, where t3 is equal to the time from the switch of the hydrogen production target flow rate from Q0 to Q4 to the continuous rise of pressure, and the pressure has been continuously increased and switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1; (4) Under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is in a continuous rising stage, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q5 = Q1-(P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo )k(Q1-Q0),(P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo ) is between 0 and 1, the demand flow rate for hydrogen production by hydrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1, and the output hydrogen flow rate increases; in the stage of continuous pressure rise, k is always greater than 0, and the k value is between 0.4 and 2 kPa / s, Q0<Q5<Q1, and the amount of hydrogen produced by the water inlet in this stage is less than the hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous rise of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. When the operating time at the target hydrogen production flow rate Q5 is greater than or equal to t4 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise, the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q5 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, wherein t4 is equal to the time from the switch of the target hydrogen production flow rate from Q0 to Q5 to the stop of the continuous rise of the pressure, and the pressure stops rising continuously, and the flow rate is switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

4. The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) Under the condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this moment is in a continuous decline stage, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q6 = Q1-(P0-P') / (P0-P lo )k(Q1-Q0),(P0-P') / (P0-P lo ) is between 0 and 1, the required flow rate of hydrogen production by hydrolysis changes from a small flow rate Q0 to a large flow rate Q1, and the output hydrogen flow rate increases; In the stage of continuous pressure drop, k is always less than 0, the k value is between -0.5 and -2.5 kPa / s, Q0<Q1<Q6, and the amount of hydrogen produced by water inflow in this stage is greater than the amount of hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous drop of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'; If the operating time under the target hydrogen production flow rate Q6 is greater than or equal to t5 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer drops continuously, the target hydrogen production flow rate jumps from Q6 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, where t5 is equal to the time from when the target hydrogen production flow rate is switched from Q0 to Q6 until the pressure no longer drops continuously, and the target hydrogen production flow rate is switched to Q1 after the pressure no longer drops continuously; (2) Under the demand condition of increasing flow rate, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this moment is neither in the continuous rising stage nor in the continuous falling stage, then the target hydrogen production flow rate Q7 = Q1+P0 / P'|k|(Q1-Q0), and the value of P0 / P' is between (1~P0 / P lo ], that is, P0 / P'>1, the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period, the k value is between -0.3~0.3kPa / s, k takes an absolute value, Q0<Q1<Q7, and the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is greater than the hydrogen output; when the operating time is greater than or equal to t6 at the hydrogen production target flow rate Q7 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to rise, the hydrogen production target flow rate changes from Q7 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, wherein the hydrogen production target flow rate is switched from Q0 to Q7 from t6 to the time when the pressure continues to rise, and is switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 after the pressure has continued to rise.

5. The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: Under the demand condition of reducing flow and load, the relationship between the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment and the target hydrogen production pressure P0 is judged. If it is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is in a continuous rising stage, then the hydrogen production target flow rate Q8 = Q1+(P'-P0) / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), the target hydrogen production flow rate load gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0, the k value is between 0.75~2kPa / s, Q0<Q8<Q1, the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is less than the hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous increase of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'. When the operating time is greater than or equal to t7 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise under the hydrogen production target flow rate Q8, the hydrogen production target flow rate jumps from Q8 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply and production balance, wherein t7 is equal to the time from the hydrogen production target flow rate switching from Q0 to Q8 to the pressure no longer continuing to rise, and the pressure stops rising continuously, and switches to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

6. The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: Under the demand condition of reducing flow and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is in a continuous decline stage, then the hydrogen production target flow rate Q9 = Q1+(P hi -P') / (P hi -P0)k(Q1-Q0), the target hydrogen production flow rate load gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0, the k value is between -0.35~-1kPa / s, Q0<Q1<Q9, the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is greater than the hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous decline of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'; When the operating time at the hydrogen production target flow rate Q9 is greater than or equal to t8 or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to drop, the hydrogen production target flow rate jumps from Q9 to Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, where t8 is equal to the time from when the hydrogen production target flow rate is switched from Q0 to Q9 until the pressure no longer continues to drop. After the pressure no longer continues to drop, it is switched to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1.

7. The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: Under the demand condition of reducing flow and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is greater than or equal to the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is neither in a continuous rising stage nor in a continuous falling stage, then the hydrogen production target flow rate Q 10 = Q1+P' / P0|k|(Q1-Q0), at this time, the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period, and the value of P' / P0 is in [1~P hi / P0], that is, P' / P0 ≥ 1, k value is between -0.3~0.3kPa / s, k takes absolute value, Q0<Q 10 <Q1, so that the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is less than the hydrogen output, at the hydrogen production target flow rate Q 10 If the running time is greater than or equal to t9 or the hydrogen production pressure continues to decrease, the target flow rate of hydrogen production will be increased from Q 10 Change to Q1, and produce hydrogen according to the supply-production balance, where t9 is equal to the target flow rate of hydrogen production switching from Q0 to Q 10 The pressure continues to rise for a period of time, and then switches to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 after the pressure has continued to drop.

8. The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The variable flow gas supply control method for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) Under the demand condition of reducing flow and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this moment is in a continuous rising stage, then the hydrogen production target flow rate Q 11 = Q1+(P'-P lo ) / (P0-P lo )k(Q1-Q0), the target hydrogen production flow rate load gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0, the k value is between 1~2.5kPa / s, Q0<Q 11 <Q1, so that the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is less than the hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous increase of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'; At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q 11 The running time is greater than or equal to t 10 Or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to rise, and the hydrogen production target flow rate is Q 11 Jump to Q1 and produce hydrogen according to the supply-production balance, where t 10 Equivalent to the hydrogen production target flow rate switching from Q0 to Q 11 When the pressure stops rising continuously, the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 is switched after the pressure stops rising continuously; (2) Under the demand condition of reducing flow and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this time is in a continuous decline stage, then the hydrogen production target flow rate Q 12 = Q1+(P0-P') / (P0-P lo )k(Q1-Q0), the target hydrogen production flow rate load gradient difference (Q1-Q0) is less than 0. According to experimental experience, the k value is between -0.5~-1.5kPa / s, Q0<Q1<Q 12 , so that the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is greater than the hydrogen output, so as to suppress the continuous decrease of the real-time hydrogen production pressure P'; At the target hydrogen production flow rate Q 12 The running time is greater than or equal to t 11 Or the hydrogen production pressure no longer continues to drop, and the target flow rate of hydrogen production is Q 12 Jump to Q1 and produce hydrogen according to the supply-production balance, where t 11 Equivalent to the hydrogen production target flow rate switching from Q0 to Q 12 The pressure stops decreasing continuously, and then switches to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1; (3) Under the demand condition of reducing flow and load, if the real-time hydrogen production pressure P' of the reaction chamber at the current moment is less than the target hydrogen production pressure P0, and the hydrogen production pressure at this moment is neither in the continuous rising stage nor in the continuous falling stage, then the hydrogen production target flow rate Q 13 = Q1+ P' / P0|k|(Q1-Q0), at this time, the pressure fluctuation is in a stable period, and the value of P' / P0 is [P lo / P0~1), that is, P' / P0<1, k value is between -0.3~0.3kPa / s, k takes absolute value, Q0<Q 13 <Q1, so that the water inlet hydrogen production in this stage is less than the hydrogen output; at the hydrogen production target flow rate Q 13 The running time is greater than or equal to t 12 Or the hydrogen production pressure continues to drop, the target flow rate of hydrogen production is Q 13 becomes Q1, and hydrogen is produced according to the supply-production balance, where t 12 Equivalent to the hydrogen production target flow rate switching from Q0 to Q 13 The pressure continues to rise for a period of time, and then switches to the target hydrogen production flow rate Q1 after the pressure has continued to drop.

9. A system for producing hydrogen by hydrolysis, characterized in that: The hydrolysis hydrogen production system includes the variable flow gas supply control method for hydrolysis hydrogen production as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A fuel cell, characterized in that: The fuel cell comprises the water splitting hydrogen production system according to claim 9.

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