A broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array

Abstract

The present invention discloses a broadband all-metal dual-polarized phased array, comprising n×n all-metal single-polarized phased array units with identical structures, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The n×n all-metal single-polarized phased array units are evenly arranged in n rows and n columns to form an array, and the all-metal single-polarized phased array units in two adjacent rows are arranged in different orientations. By adopting all-metal single-polarized phased array units with identical structures and arranging them in different orientations, the all-metal single-polarized phased array units in different orientations can respectively radiate and receive horizontally polarized signals and vertically polarized signals, thereby achieving dual polarization. In each all-metal single-polarized phased array unit, the radiating portion is implemented based on a multi-step gradient flaring structure, which reduces the cross-sectional height while ensuring a wide operating bandwidth. The multi-step gradient flaring structure also makes the all-metal single-polarized phased array unit easy to process and assemble. The advantages of the broadband all-metal single-polarized phased array are wide bandwidth, low cross-sectional height, and low structural complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an all-metal dual-polarization phased array, and in particular to a broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array. Background Art

[0002] Dual-polarization phased arrays, with their efficient beam configuration and fast beam switching capabilities, have been widely used in wireless communication networks, particularly in satellite communications and radar systems. With the rapidly growing demand for long-range wireless communication applications, wideband, all-metal, dual-polarization phased arrays have become an attractive solution. These phased arrays offer not only high efficiency and robustness, but also exceptionally high power handling, enabling stable signal transmission and reception in diverse environments. Furthermore, their all-metal design enhances the array's heat dissipation, significantly reducing heat loss caused by high-power operation. This feature is particularly important for wireless communication systems requiring long-term continuous operation. Furthermore, wideband, all-metal, dual-polarization phased arrays demonstrate excellent performance in multi-band operation, adapting to a growing number of communication protocols and frequency requirements, meeting the diverse needs of diverse application scenarios. Therefore, with the continuous advancement of modern wireless communication technology and the expansion of its application scope, wideband, all-metal, dual-polarization phased arrays will further enhance the performance of wireless communication networks, enabling more efficient, reliable, and flexible operation of various wireless communication systems in the future.

[0003] In a dual-polarization phased array, in order to achieve wide-angle beam scanning, the period of the phased array antenna element is preferably limited to no more than 0.5λ. H (λ H is the free-space wavelength at the highest operating frequency of the phased array). Substrate-integrated waveguide structures are widely used to implement phased array antenna units due to their high design flexibility. However, as the operating frequency of dual-polarized phased arrays expands to higher frequency bands, the substrate-integrated waveguide structure has high dielectric loss, which causes the decline in antenna efficiency to become more obvious. In addition, when a dual-polarized phased array with a substrate-integrated waveguide structure is cascaded with an active transceiver module to build a wireless communication network, power capacity and heat dissipation are also prominent challenges. In contrast, all-metal dual-polarized phased arrays are more suitable for application in wireless communication networks due to their low loss, high power capacity and easy heat dissipation (the antenna itself can serve as a heat dissipation structure).

[0004] At that time, the existing research on all-metal dual-polarization phased arrays still had problems such as narrow working bandwidth, high profile height, and difficult processing and assembly due to complex structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array with wide bandwidth, low profile and low structural complexity.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a broadband all-metal dual-polarized phased array, comprising n×n all-metal single-polarized phased array units with identical structures, n being an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the n×n all-metal single-polarized phased array units are evenly arranged in n rows and n columns to form an array. If the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units in the kth row are shifted by 0.5λ along the row direction H The distance will completely overlap with the k+2th row of n all-metal single-polarization phased array elements, k = 1, 2, ..., n-2. If the jth row of n all-metal single-polarization phased array elements are first translated by 0.25λ along the row direction H Then, each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit rotates 90° counterclockwise or clockwise around its center line, and will completely overlap with the n all-metal single-polarization phased array units in the j+1th row, j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, λ H is the free space wavelength at the highest operating frequency of the broadband all-metal dual-polarized phased array. If n is an odd number, then the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units in the 2m-1th row are all used to radiate or receive horizontally polarized signals, and the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units in the 2pth row are all used to radiate or receive vertically polarized signals. m=1, 2, ..., (n+1) / 2, p=1, 2, ..., (n-1) / 2. If n is an even number, then the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units in the 2q-1th row are all used to radiate or receive horizontally polarized signals, and the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units in the 2wth row are all used to radiate or receive vertically polarized signals. signal, q=1, 2, ..., n / 2, w=1, 2, ..., n / 2; each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit includes a feeding part and a radiating part. On the one hand, the feeding part is used to access external electrical signals and transmit the accessed electrical signals to the radiating part. The radiating part is used to radiate the electrical signals transmitted to it by the feeding part into free space. On the other hand, the radiating part is used to receive electromagnetic waves in free space and convert the electromagnetic waves into electrical signals and output them to the feeding part. The feeding part is used to output the electrical signals. The radiating part is implemented based on a multi-step stepped flaring structure.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantage of employing all-metal single-polarization phased array units with the same structure and arranging them in different orientations, enabling the all-metal single-polarization phased array units in different orientations to respectively radiate and receive horizontally polarized signals and vertically polarized signals, thereby achieving dual polarization. Furthermore, in each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit, the radiating portion is implemented based on a multi-step gradient flaring structure, which reduces the profile height while ensuring a wide operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the simple multi-step gradient flaring structure makes the all-metal single-polarization phased array units easy to process and assemble. Consequently, the present invention combines wide bandwidth with a low profile and low structural complexity.

[0008] Furthermore, in each of the all-metal single-polarization phased array units, the feed portion includes a first square block and a second square block, the length direction of the first square block is defined as the front-to-back direction, the width direction is defined as the left-to-right direction, and the height direction is defined as the up-down direction. The length of the first square block is equal to its width, and a slot running through the upper and lower ends of the first square block is provided at the center of the upper end face of the first square block. The slot is used to install an SMP connector for accessing external electrical signals. The second square block is located above the first square block. The length of the second square block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the second square block is aligned with the first The upper end face of the square block is in a fitted state, the left end face of the second square block is in the same plane as the left end face of the first square block, the right end face of the second square block is in the same plane as the right end face of the first square block, the front end face of the second square block is in the same plane as the front end face of the first square block, and the rear end face of the second square block is in the same plane as the rear end face of the first square block. A first cylindrical hole is provided in the second square block, and the central axis of the first cylindrical hole coincides with the center line of the second square block in the vertical direction. The straight line on which the center line of the second square block in the vertical direction is located is the center line of the all-metal single-polarization phased array unit.

[0009] Furthermore, in each of the all-metal single-polarization phased array units, the radiating portion includes a first rectangular block, a second rectangular block, a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a third rectangular block, a fourth rectangular block, a fifth rectangular block, a sixth rectangular block, a seventh rectangular block, an eighth rectangular block, a ninth rectangular block, a tenth rectangular block, a first isosceles trapezoidal block, a second isosceles trapezoidal block, a third isosceles trapezoidal block, a fourth isosceles trapezoidal block, an eleventh rectangular block, a twelfth rectangular block, a thirteenth rectangular block, and a fourteenth rectangular block. The first rectangular block is located above the second square block. The length of the first rectangular block is along the left-right direction, the width is along the front-back direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end surface of the first rectangular block is aligned with the The upper end face of the second square block is in a fitted state, the left end face of the first rectangular block and the left end face of the second square block are located in the same plane, the length of the first rectangular block is smaller than the length of the second square block, the width of the first rectangular block is smaller than the width of the second square block, the distance from the front end face of the first rectangular block to the plane where the front end face of the second square block is located is equal to the distance from the rear end face of the first rectangular block to the plane where the rear end face of the second square block is located, the plane that makes the second square block bilaterally symmetrical is called the first symmetrical plane, the plane that makes the second square block frontally symmetrical is called the second symmetrical plane, and the first rectangular block is located in the first The left side of the symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two; the second rectangular block is located on the right side of the first symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two, and the first rectangular block and the second rectangular block are left-right symmetrical about the first symmetry plane; the first cylinder passes through the first cylindrical hole from top to bottom and enters the slot, the first cylinder is coaxial with the first cylindrical hole, the lower end face of the first cylinder is located between the upper end face and the lower end face of the slot, the upper end face of the first cylinder is located above the upper end face of the second square block, and there is a distance between the two, and the central axis of the first cylinder is aligned with the second square block along The center lines in the upper and lower directions coincide with each other, the diameter of the first cylinder is smaller than the diameter of the first cylindrical hole 4, the first cylinder does not contact the side wall of the card slot, and the lower end surface of the first cylinder is used to connect to the SMP connector; the second cylinder is located above the first cylinder, the lower end surface of the second cylinder is in contact with the upper end surface of the first cylinder, the central axis of the second cylinder and the central axis of the first cylinder are located in the same straight line, the diameter of the second cylinder is larger than the diameter of the first cylinder, and the upper end surface of the second cylinder is located below the upper end surface of the first rectangular block, and there is a distance between the two;The third rectangular block is located above the second cylinder, the length of the third rectangular block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end surface of the third rectangular block is in contact with the upper end surface of the second cylinder, and the third rectangular block is symmetrical about the second symmetry plane. The length of the third rectangular block is less than the length of the first rectangular block, the width of the third rectangular block is greater than the diameter of the second cylinder, the length of the third rectangular block is greater than the diameter of the second cylinder, and the third rectangular block is located on the right side of the first rectangular block, and there is a distance between the two. If the central axis of the second cylinder is translated to the right by half of its The fourth rectangular block is located above the third rectangular block, the length of the fourth rectangular block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the fourth rectangular block is aligned with the upper end face of the third rectangular block, the length of the fourth rectangular block is equal to the length of the third rectangular block, the left end face of the fourth rectangular block is in the same plane as the left end face of the third rectangular block, the width of the fourth rectangular block is smaller than the width of the third rectangular block, the height of the fourth rectangular block is greater than the height of the third rectangular block, and the front end face of the fourth rectangular block is aligned with the front end face of the third rectangular block. The end faces are in the same plane, the rear end face of the fourth rectangular block is in the same plane as the rear end face of the third rectangular block; the fifth rectangular block is located above the fourth rectangular block, the length of the fifth rectangular block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, the lower end face of the fifth rectangular block is aligned with the upper end face of the fourth rectangular block, the right end face of the fifth rectangular block is in the same plane as the right end face of the fourth rectangular block, the left end face of the fifth rectangular block is aligned with the right end face of the first rectangular block, the length of the fifth rectangular block is equal to the length of the fourth rectangular block, the height of the fifth rectangular block is less than the height of the fourth rectangular block, and the The rear end face is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the fourth rectangular block; the sixth rectangular block is located above the fifth rectangular block, the length of the sixth rectangular block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, the lower end face of the sixth rectangular block is aligned with the upper end face of the fifth rectangular block, the left end face of the sixth rectangular block is aligned with the right end face of the first rectangular block, the length of the sixth rectangular block is equal to the length of the fifth rectangular block, the width of the sixth rectangular block is smaller than the width of the fifth rectangular block, the height of the sixth rectangular block is greater than the height of the fifth rectangular block, and the rear end face of the sixth rectangular block is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the fifth rectangular block;The seventh rectangular block is located above the sixth rectangular block, the length of the seventh rectangular block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the seventh rectangular block is aligned with the upper end face of the sixth rectangular block, the left end face of the seventh rectangular block is aligned with the right end face of the first rectangular block, the width of the seventh rectangular block is smaller than the width of the sixth rectangular block, the length of the seventh rectangular block is equal to the length of the sixth rectangular block, the height of the seventh rectangular block is greater than the height of the sixth rectangular block, and the upper end face of the seventh rectangular block is located at the first The upper end face of the rectangular block is below the plane where the upper end face of the rectangular block is located, and there is a distance between the two; the rear end face of the seventh rectangular block is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the sixth rectangular block; the eighth rectangular block is located on the left side of the second rectangular block, the length of the eighth rectangular block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The right end face of the eighth rectangular block is aligned with the left end face of the second rectangular block, the upper end face of the eighth rectangular block is in the same plane as the upper end face of the seventh rectangular block, and the lower end face of the eighth rectangular block is located in the plane where the upper end face of the third rectangular block is located and the The left end face of the eighth rectangular block is located to the right of the plane where the right end face of the third rectangular block is located, and there is a distance between the two. The length of the eighth rectangular block is equal to the length of the seventh rectangular block, and the rear end face of the eighth rectangular block is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the seventh rectangular block; the ninth rectangular block is located above the second square block, the length of the ninth rectangular block is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the ninth rectangular block is located in the same plane as the front end face of the second square block, and the lower end face of the ninth rectangular block is aligned with the upper end face of the second square block. The ninth rectangular block is bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetry plane, the length of the ninth rectangular block is smaller than the length of the second square block, the width of the ninth rectangular block is smaller than the width of the second square block, and the upper end face of the ninth rectangular block is located between the upper end face and the lower end face of the third rectangular block; the tenth rectangular block is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two. The ninth rectangular block and the tenth rectangular block are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane;The first isosceles trapezoidal block is located above the second square block and on the rear side of the ninth rectangular block. The outer end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block is formed by splicing the front end face, rear end face, left end face, right end face, upper end face and lower end face distributed in six directions: front, rear, left, right, top and bottom. The upper end face and lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block are completely the same isosceles trapezoid. The upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block and the upper end face of the ninth rectangular block are located in the same plane. The lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block and the lower end face of the ninth rectangular block are located in the same plane and are in contact with the upper end face of the second square block. The front end face, rear end face, left end face, right end face, upper end face and lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block are completely the same isosceles trapezoid. The end face and the right end face are both rectangular, the front face, rear face, left end face and right end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block are all perpendicular to the upper end face of the second square block, the first isosceles trapezoidal block is bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetry plane, the upper base of the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block is located in front of its lower base, the front face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block completely coincides with the rear end face of the ninth rectangular block; the second isosceles trapezoidal block is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two, the first isosceles trapezoidal block and the second isosceles trapezoidal block are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane; the third isosceles trapezoidal block is located above the second square block And the rear side of the first isosceles trapezoidal block, the outer end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is formed by splicing the front end face, rear end face, left end face, right end face, upper end face and lower end face distributed in six directions: front, rear, left, right, top and bottom. The upper end face and lower end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block are completely identical isosceles trapezoids. The upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is located in the same plane as the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block. The lower end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block and is fitted with the upper end face of the second square block. The front end face, rear end face, left end face and right end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block are all rectangular. The front end face, rear end face, left end face and right end face of the isosceles trapezoidal block are all perpendicular to the upper end face of the second square block, the third isosceles trapezoidal block is bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetry plane, the upper base of the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is located behind its lower base, the upper base of the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is smaller than the upper base of the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block, the height of the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is greater than the height of the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block, the front end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block completely coincides with the rear end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block, the rear end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is located on the front side of the second cylinder, and there is a distance between the two;The fourth isosceles trapezoidal block is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two. The third isosceles trapezoidal block and the fourth isosceles trapezoidal block are symmetrical front to back about the second symmetry plane. The eleventh rectangular block is located above the second square block, and the height direction of the eleventh rectangular block is along the up-down direction. The upper end face of the eleventh rectangular block and the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block are located in the same plane, and the lower end face of the eleventh rectangular block and the lower end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block are located in the same plane, and are in contact with the upper end face of the second square block. The right end faces of the eleven rectangular blocks completely coincide with the left end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block, the rear end face of the eleven rectangular blocks is in the same plane as the left end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block, and a first triangular groove recessed to the right is provided on the left end face of the eleventh rectangular block. The first triangular groove passes through the eleventh rectangular block from top to bottom, and the angle between its two side faces is 90 degrees. One side face of the first triangular groove is in contact with the rear end face of the first rectangular block, and the other side face is in contact with the right end face of the first rectangular block, and the intersection of the two side faces is in contact with the The rear end face of the eleventh rectangular block is aligned with the intersection of the right end face; the twelfth rectangular block is located on the rear side of the second symmetric plane, with a distance between the two. The eleventh rectangular block and the twelfth rectangular block are front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the second symmetric plane. The twelfth rectangular block is provided with a second triangular groove, and the first triangular groove and the second triangular groove are front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the second symmetric plane. The thirteenth rectangular block is located on the right side of the first symmetric plane, with a distance between the two. The eleventh rectangular block and the thirteenth rectangular block are left-to-right symmetrical with respect to the first symmetric plane. The thirteenth rectangular block is provided with a third triangular groove, and the first triangular groove and the third triangular groove are left-to-right symmetrical with respect to the first symmetric plane. The fourteenth rectangular block is located on the rear side of the second symmetric plane, with a distance between the two. The thirteenth rectangular block and the fourteenth rectangular block are front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the second symmetric plane. The fourteenth rectangular block is provided with a fourth triangular groove, and the third triangular groove and the fourth triangular groove are front-to-back symmetrical with respect to the second symmetric plane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 A stereoscopic diagram of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an all-metal single-polarization phased array unit of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of an all-metal single-polarization phased array unit of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 A top view of an all-metal single-polarization phased array unit of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 5 It is a front view of an all-metal single-polarization phased array unit of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of an all-metal single-polarization phased array unit of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the partial structure of an all-metal single-polarization phased array unit of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 8 This is an active standing wave simulation diagram of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention;

[0018] FIG9( a ) is a normalized scanning pattern of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the E-plane direction at 10 GHz;

[0019] FIG9( b ) is a normalized scanning pattern of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the E-plane direction at 20 GHz;

[0020] FIG9( c ) is a normalized scanning pattern of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the E-plane direction at 30 GHz;

[0021] FIG9( d ) is a normalized scanning pattern of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the H-plane direction at 10 GHz;

[0022] FIG9( e ) is a normalized scanning pattern of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the H-plane direction at 20 GHz;

[0023] FIG9( f ) is a normalized scanning pattern of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the H-plane direction at 30 GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Example 1: Figure 1As shown, a broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array includes n×n all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 with identical structures, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The n×n all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 are evenly arranged in n rows and n columns to form an array. If the n all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 in the kth row are shifted by 0.5λ along the row direction, H The distance will completely overlap with the k+2th row of n all-metal single-polarization phased array elements 1, k = 1, 2, ..., n-2. If the jth row of n all-metal single-polarization phased array elements 1 are first translated by 0.25λ along the row direction H Then, each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1 rotates 90° counterclockwise or clockwise around its center line, and will completely overlap with the n all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 in the j+1th row, j=1, 2, ..., n-1, λ H is the free space wavelength at the highest operating frequency of the broadband all-metal dual-polarized phased array. If n is an odd number, then the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units 1 in the 2m-1th row are all used to radiate or receive horizontally polarized signals, and the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units 1 in the 2pth row are all used to radiate or receive vertically polarized signals, m=1, 2, …, (n+1) / 2, p=1, 2, …, (n-1) / 2. If n is an even number, then the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units 1 in the 2q-1th row are all used to radiate or receive horizontally polarized signals, and the n all-metal single-polarized phased array units 1 in the 2wth row are all used to radiate or receive vertically polarized signals. They are all used to radiate or receive vertically polarized signals, q = 1, 2, ..., n / 2, w = 1, 2, ..., n / 2; each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1 includes a feeding part and a radiating part. On the one hand, the feeding part is used to access external electrical signals and transmit the accessed electrical signals to the radiating part. The radiating part is used to radiate the electrical signals transmitted to it by the feeding part into free space. On the other hand, the radiating part is used to receive electromagnetic waves in the free space and convert the electromagnetic waves into electrical signals and output them to the feeding part. The feeding part is used to output the electrical signals. The radiating part is implemented based on a multi-level stepped flaring structure.

[0026] In this embodiment, the free space wavelength λ at the highest operating frequency of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array design is H Different sizes, affected by λ H The influence of the value, in the actual manufacturing of broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array, there will be partial overlap between two adjacent all-metal single-polarization phased array units. In this case, the structure of the overlapping part of the two adjacent all-metal single-polarization phased array units can be shared, such as Figure 1 As shown, the blue dotted line box marks the n all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 in the first row, and the red dotted line box marks the n all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 in the second row.

[0027] In this embodiment, all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 with the same structure are arranged in different orientations, so that the all-metal single-polarization phased array units 1 in different orientations can respectively radiate and receive horizontally polarized signals and vertically polarized signals, thereby achieving dual polarization. In addition, the radiating portion of each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1 is implemented based on a multi-step gradient flaring structure, which ensures a wide operating bandwidth while also reducing the cross-sectional height. The simple multi-step gradient flaring structure also makes the all-metal single-polarization phased array unit easy to process and assemble.

[0028] Example 2: This example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: in this example, Figure 2 As shown, in each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1, the feeding part includes a first square block 2 and a second square block 3. The length direction of the first square block 2 is defined as the front-to-back direction, the width direction is defined as the left-to-right direction, and the height direction is defined as the up-down direction. The length of the first square block 2 is equal to its width. A card slot 4 is provided at the center of the upper end surface of the first square block 2, and the card slot 4 is used to install an SMP connector for connecting to an external electrical signal. The second square block 3 is located above the first square block 2. The length of the second square block 3 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end surface of the second square block 3 is aligned with the first square block 2. The upper end face of a square block 2 is in a fitted state, the left end face of the second square block 3 is in the same plane as the left end face of the first square block 2, the right end face of the second square block 3 is in the same plane as the right end face of the first square block 2, the front end face of the second square block 3 is in the same plane as the front end face of the first square block 2, and the rear end face of the second square block 3 is in the same plane as the rear end face of the first square block 2. A first cylindrical hole 5 is provided in the second square block 3, which passes through the first and second square blocks 3 from top to bottom. The central axis of the first cylindrical hole 5 coincides with the center line of the second square block 3 in the vertical direction. The straight line on which the center line of the second square block 3 in the vertical direction is located is the center line of the all-metal single-polarization phased array unit.

[0029] In this embodiment, Figures 3 to 7As shown, in each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1, the radiating part includes a first rectangular block 6, a second rectangular block 7, a first cylinder 8, a second cylinder 9, a third rectangular block 10, a fourth rectangular block 11, a fifth rectangular block 12, a sixth rectangular block 13, a seventh rectangular block 14, an eighth rectangular block 15, a ninth rectangular block 16, a tenth rectangular block 17, a first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, a second isosceles trapezoidal block 19, a third isosceles trapezoidal block 20, a fourth isosceles trapezoidal block 21, an eleventh rectangular block 22, a twelfth rectangular block 23, a thirteenth rectangular block 24, and a fourteenth rectangular block 25. The first rectangular block 6 is located above the second rectangular block 3, and the first rectangular block 3 is located above the second rectangular block 3. 6 has a length along the left-right direction, a width along the front-back direction, and a height along the top-bottom direction. The lower end face of the first rectangular block 6 is in contact with the upper end face of the second square block 3. The left end face of the first rectangular block 6 is in the same plane as the left end face of the second square block 3. The length of the first rectangular block 6 is less than the length of the second square block 3. The width of the first rectangular block 6 is less than the width of the second square block 3. The distance from the front end face of the first rectangular block 6 to the plane where the front end face of the second square block 3 is located is equal to the distance from the rear end face of the first rectangular block 6 to the plane where the rear end face of the second square block 3 is located. The plane that makes the second square block 3 bilaterally symmetrical is called the first symmetry plane L1. The rear symmetrical plane is called the second symmetrical plane L2. The first rectangular block 6 is located on the left side of the first symmetrical plane L1, and there is a distance between the two. The second rectangular block 7 is located on the right side of the first symmetrical plane L1, and there is a distance between the two. The first rectangular block 6 and the second rectangular block 7 are bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetrical plane L1. The first cylinder 8 passes through the first cylindrical hole 5 from top to bottom and enters the slot 4. The first cylinder 8 is coaxial with the first cylindrical hole 5. The lower end face of the first cylinder 8 is located between the upper end face and the lower end face of the slot 4. The upper end face of the first cylinder 8 is located above the upper end face of the second square block 3, and there is a distance between the two. The first cylinder 8 is located between the upper end face and the lower end face of the slot 4. The central axis of the body 8 coincides with the center line of the second square block 3 in the vertical direction. The diameter of the first cylindrical body 8 is smaller than the diameter of the first cylindrical hole 5. The first cylindrical body 8 does not contact the side wall of the card slot 4. The lower end surface of the first cylindrical body 8 is used to connect with the SMP connector; the second cylindrical body 9 is located above the first cylindrical body 8, the lower end surface of the second cylindrical body 9 is in contact with the upper end surface of the first cylindrical body 8, the central axis of the second cylindrical body 9 and the central axis of the first cylindrical body 8 are located in the same straight line, the diameter of the second cylindrical body 9 is larger than the diameter of the first cylindrical body 8, and the upper end surface of the second cylindrical body 9 is located below the upper end surface of the first rectangular block 6, and there is a distance between the two.The third rectangular block 10 is located above the second cylinder 9. The length of the third rectangular block 10 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the third rectangular block 10 is in contact with the upper end face of the second cylinder 9. The third rectangular block 10 is symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2. The length of the third rectangular block 10 is less than the length of the first rectangular block 6, the width of the third rectangular block 10 is greater than the diameter of the second cylinder 9, the length of the third rectangular block 10 is greater than the diameter of the second cylinder 9, and the third rectangular block 10 is located on the right side of the first rectangular block 6, and there is a distance between the two. If the central axis of the second cylinder 9 is translated to the right by a distance equal to its radius , will be located in the plane where the right end face of the third rectangular block 10 is located; the fourth rectangular block 11 is located above the third rectangular block 10, the length of the fourth rectangular block 11 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the fourth rectangular block 11 is aligned with the upper end face of the third rectangular block 10, the length of the fourth rectangular block 11 is equal to the length of the third rectangular block 10, the left end face of the fourth rectangular block 11 is located in the same plane as the left end face of the third rectangular block 10, the width of the fourth rectangular block 11 is less than the width of the third rectangular block 10, the height of the fourth rectangular block 11 is greater than the height of the third rectangular block 10, and the front end face of the fourth rectangular block 11 is aligned with the front end face of the third rectangular block 10 In the same plane, the rear end face of the fourth rectangular block 11 is in the same plane as the rear end face of the third rectangular block 10; the fifth rectangular block 12 is located above the fourth rectangular block 11, the length of the fifth rectangular block 12 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the fifth rectangular block 12 is aligned with the upper end face of the fourth rectangular block 11, the right end face of the fifth rectangular block 12 is in the same plane as the right end face of the fourth rectangular block 11, the left end face of the fifth rectangular block 12 is aligned with the right end face of the first rectangular block 6, the length of the fifth rectangular block 12 is equal to the length of the fourth rectangular block 11, the height of the fifth rectangular block 12 is less than the height of the fourth rectangular block 11, and the rear face of the fifth rectangular block 12 is aligned with the right end face of the first rectangular block 6. The end face is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the fourth rectangular block 11; the sixth rectangular block 13 is located above the fifth rectangular block 12, the length of the sixth rectangular block 13 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the sixth rectangular block 13 is aligned with the upper end face of the fifth rectangular block 12, the left end face of the sixth rectangular block 13 is aligned with the right end face of the first rectangular block 6, the length of the sixth rectangular block 13 is equal to the length of the fifth rectangular block 12, the width of the sixth rectangular block 13 is smaller than the width of the fifth rectangular block 12, the height of the sixth rectangular block 13 is greater than the height of the fifth rectangular block 12, and the rear end face of the sixth rectangular block 13 is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the fifth rectangular block 12;The seventh rectangular block 14 is located above the sixth rectangular block 13. The length of the seventh rectangular block 14 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lower end face of the seventh rectangular block 14 is aligned with the upper end face of the sixth rectangular block 13. The left end face of the seventh rectangular block 14 is aligned with the right end face of the first rectangular block 6. The width of the seventh rectangular block 14 is less than the width of the sixth rectangular block 13. The length of the seventh rectangular block 14 is equal to the length of the sixth rectangular block 13. The height of the seventh rectangular block 14 is greater than the height of the sixth rectangular block 13. The upper end face of the seventh rectangular block 14 is located at the left end face of the first rectangular block 6. The upper end face of the seventh rectangular block 14 is below the plane where the upper end face of the sixth rectangular block 13 is located, and there is a distance between the two; the rear end face of the seventh rectangular block 14 is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the sixth rectangular block 13; the eighth rectangular block 15 is located on the left side of the second rectangular block 7, the length of the eighth rectangular block 15 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The right end face of the eighth rectangular block 15 is aligned with the left end face of the second rectangular block 7, the upper end face of the eighth rectangular block 15 is in the same plane as the upper end face of the seventh rectangular block 14, and the lower end face of the eighth rectangular block 15 is located in the plane where the upper end face of the third rectangular block 10 is located and The left end face of the eighth rectangular block 15 is located on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the third rectangular block 10 is located, and there is a distance between the two. The length of the eighth rectangular block 15 is equal to the length of the seventh rectangular block 14. The rear end face of the eighth rectangular block 15 is located in the same plane as the rear end face of the seventh rectangular block 14. The ninth rectangular block 16 is located above the second square block 3. The length of the ninth rectangular block 16 is along the front-to-back direction, the width is along the left-to-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The front end face of the ninth rectangular block 16 is located at the same level as the front end face of the second square block 3. In the same plane, the lower end surface of the ninth rectangular block 16 is aligned with the upper end surface of the second square block 3. The ninth rectangular block 16 is bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetry plane L1. The length of the ninth rectangular block 16 is less than the length of the second square block 3. The width of the ninth rectangular block 16 is less than the width of the second square block 3. The upper end surface of the ninth rectangular block 16 is located between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the third rectangular block 10. The tenth rectangular block 17 is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane L2, and there is a distance between the two. The ninth rectangular block 16 and the tenth rectangular block 17 are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2.The first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 is located above the second square block 3 and on the rear side of the ninth rectangular block 16. The outer end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 is formed by splicing the front end face, rear end face, left end face, right end face, upper end face and lower end face distributed in six directions: front, rear, left, right, top and bottom. The upper end face and lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 are completely identical isosceles trapezoids. The upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 and the upper end face of the ninth rectangular block 16 are located in the same plane. The lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 and the lower end face of the ninth rectangular block 16 are located in the same plane and are in contact with the upper end face of the second square block 3. The front end face, rear end face, left end face and right end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 are all rectangles. The front end face, rear end face, left end face and right end face of the trapezoidal block 18 are all perpendicular to the upper end face of the second square block 3, the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 is bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetry plane L1, the upper base of the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 is located in front of its lower base, and the front end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 completely coincides with the rear end face of the ninth rectangular block 16; the second isosceles trapezoidal block 19 is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane L2, and there is a distance between the two, the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18 and the second isosceles trapezoidal block 19 are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2; the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is located above the second square block 3 and on the rear side of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, and the outer end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is formed by front, rear and left The third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is formed by splicing the front end face, rear end face, left end face, right end face, upper end face and lower end face distributed in six directions, right, top and bottom. The upper end face and lower end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 are completely identical isosceles trapezoids. The upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is located in the same plane as the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18. The lower end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, and is fitted with the upper end face of the second square block 3. The front end face, rear end face, left end face and right end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 are all rectangular. The front end face, rear end face, left end face and right end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 are all perpendicular to the upper end face of the second square block 3. The third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is symmetrical about the first plane L1 is bilaterally symmetrical, the upper base of the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is located behind its lower base, the upper base of the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is smaller than the upper base of the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, the height of the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is greater than the height of the upper end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, the front end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 completely coincides with the rear end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, the rear end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 is located in front of the second cylinder 9, and there is a distance between the two; the fourth isosceles trapezoidal block 21 is located behind the second symmetry plane L2, and there is a distance between the two, and the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 and the fourth isosceles trapezoidal block 21 are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2;The eleventh rectangular block 22 is located above the second square block 3, and the height direction of the eleventh rectangular block 22 is along the up-down direction. The upper end face of the eleventh rectangular block 22 is located in the same plane as the upper end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20. The lower end face of the eleventh rectangular block 22 is located in the same plane as the lower end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20 and is in contact with the upper end face of the second square block 3. The right end face of the eleventh rectangular block completely coincides with the left end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20. The rear end face of the eleventh rectangular block is located in the same plane as the left end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18. A plane, a first triangular groove 26 is provided on the left end face of the eleventh rectangular block 22, which is recessed to the right. The first triangular groove 26 passes through the eleventh rectangular block 22 from top to bottom, and the angle between its two side faces is 90 degrees. One side face of the first triangular groove 26 is in contact with the rear end face of the first rectangular block 6, and the other side face is in contact with the right end face of the first rectangular block 6. The intersection of the two side faces is in contact with the intersection of the rear end face and the right end face of the eleventh rectangular block 22. The twelfth rectangular block 23 is located on the second symmetrical plane. L2, with a distance between them. The eleventh rectangular block 22 and the twelfth rectangular block 23 are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2. The twelfth rectangular block 23 has a second triangular groove 27, and the first triangular groove 26 and the second triangular groove 27 are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2. The thirteenth rectangular block 24 is located to the right of the first symmetry plane L1, with a distance between them. The eleventh rectangular block 22 and the thirteenth rectangular block 24 are left-to-right symmetrical about the first symmetry plane L1. The thirteenth rectangular block 24 has a third triangular groove 28, and the first triangular groove 26 and the third triangular groove 28 are left-to-right symmetrical about the first symmetry plane L1. The fourteenth rectangular block 25 is located to the rear of the second symmetry plane L2, with a distance between them. The thirteenth rectangular block 24 and the fourteenth rectangular block 25 are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2. The fourteenth rectangular block 25 has a fourth triangular groove 29, and the third triangular groove 28 and the fourth triangular groove 29 are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane L2.

[0030] In this embodiment, in each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1, the first rectangular block 6, the second rectangular block 7, the first cylinder 8, the second cylinder 9, the third rectangular block 10, the fourth rectangular block 11, the fifth rectangular block 12, the sixth rectangular block 13, the seventh rectangular block 14, and the eighth rectangular block 15 form a multi-step gradual flaring structure.

[0031] When the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention is used, an SMP connector connected to the lower end surface of the first cylinder 8 thereof is installed in the card slot 4 of each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1 .

[0032] When the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention realizes the transmission function, each SMP connector is connected to the external transmission system, and the transmission system generates an electrical signal and transmits it to the feeding part of each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit 1 through each SMP connector. At this time, the coaxial structure composed of the first cylindrical hole 5 and the first cylinder 8 further transmits the electrical signal to the radiation part. First, when the electrical signal is transmitted to the second cylinder 9, the structure composed of the ninth rectangular block 16, the tenth rectangular block 17, the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, the second isosceles trapezoidal block 19, the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20, the fourth isosceles trapezoidal block 21, the eleventh rectangular block 22, the twelfth rectangular block 23, the thirteenth rectangular block 24, and the fourteenth rectangular block 25 in the radiation part can be equivalent to an inductor and a capacitor. The parallel circuit effectively smoothes the sudden change in the impedance of the coaxial structure to the impedance of the second cylinder 9, achieving a stable transition and broadband matching effect of the electrical signal. Then the electrical signal enters the multi-step stepped gradient flaring structure composed of the first rectangular block 6, the second rectangular block 7, the third rectangular block 10, the fourth rectangular block 11, the fifth rectangular block 12, the sixth rectangular block 13, the seventh rectangular block 14 and the eighth rectangular block 15, satisfying the Chebyshev-type gradient. Compared with the traditional exponential gradient transition method, this has a simpler and more compact structure, and further achieves broadband matching of the signal and the impedance in the free space while ensuring the low profile of the radiation part. Finally, the electrical signal is stably radiated into the free space, propagating in the free space in the form of electromagnetic waves, realizing signal emission.

[0033] When the broadband all-metal dual-polarized phased array of the present invention realizes the receiving function, each SMP connector is connected to the external receiving system. After the radiating part of each all-metal single-polarized phased array unit 1 receives the electromagnetic wave in the target frequency band in the free space, the electromagnetic wave undergoes step-by-step impedance matching through the multi-step stepped flaring structure. First, it passes through the seventh rectangular block 14 and the eighth rectangular block 15 as the initial transition matching, and then passes through the sixth rectangular block 13, the fifth rectangular block 12, the fourth rectangular block 11 and the third rectangular block 10 in sequence for re-matching, thereby achieving a stable broadband impedance matching process and ensuring the transmission efficiency of the signal. It is then transmitted to the second circular The column 9, at this time, is composed of the ninth rectangular block 16, the tenth rectangular block 17, the first isosceles trapezoidal block 18, the second isosceles trapezoidal block 19, the third isosceles trapezoidal block 20, the fourth isosceles trapezoidal block 21, the eleventh rectangular block 22, the twelfth rectangular block 23, the thirteenth rectangular block 24, and the fourteenth rectangular block 25. The structure helps the signal to further achieve broadband impedance matching, ensuring the stability and broadband effect of the signal when it is transmitted to the coaxial structure. The signals within the target working frequency band can be stably transmitted to the feeding part, and further transmitted to the SMP connector through the coaxial structure. Finally, the signal SMP connector is sent to the back-end receiving system to realize signal reception.

[0034] In order to verify the performance of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention, the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention is simulated, wherein the active standing wave simulation diagram of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the normalized beam scanning direction patterns of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention are shown in Figures 9(a), 9(b), 9(c), 9(d), 9(e), and 9(f).

[0035] Figure 8 The three curves correspond to the active standing waves of the all-metal single-polarization phased array unit when the beam is pointed at 0°, 30°, and 60°, respectively. Figure 8 It can be seen that when the beam pointing angle does not exceed 60°, the active standing wave of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention can be guaranteed to be less than 3 within the target operating frequency band of 10-30 GHz.

[0036] Figures 9(a), 9(b), and 9(c) respectively show the beam scanning conditions of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the E-plane at 10 GHz, 20 GHz, and 30 GHz. Analyzing Figures 9(a), 9(b), and 9(c), it can be seen that the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention can achieve a scanning range of ±60° within the target operating frequency band of 10-30 GHz. Figures 9(d), 9(e), and 9(f) respectively show the beam scanning conditions of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention along the H-plane at 10 GHz, 20 GHz, and 30 GHz. Analyzing Figures 9(d), 9(e), and 9(f), it can be seen that the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention can achieve a scanning range of ±60° within the target operating frequency band of 10-30 GHz.

[0037] In summary, the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array of the present invention has broadband performance while achieving a low profile, while also ensuring good beam scanning performance, and its simple structure is easy to process and manufacture.

Claims

1. A broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array comprising n×n all-metal single-polarization phased array elements of identical structure, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, characterized in that If the n all-metal single-polarization phased array elements in the kth row are translated by 0.5 λ H The distance will completely overlap with the k+2th row of n all-metal single-polarization phased array units, k=1, 2, ..., n-2. If the jth row of n all-metal single-polarization phased array units are first translated by 0.25 in the row direction, λ H Then each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit rotates 90° counterclockwise or clockwise around its center line alternately, and will completely overlap with the n all-metal single-polarization phased array units in the j+1th row, j=1, 2, ..., n-1, λ H The free space wavelength is the highest operating frequency of the broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array. Each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit includes a feeding part and a radiating part. The radiating part is realized based on a multi-step stepped flaring structure. In each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit, the feeding part includes a first square block and a second square block. A card slot running through the upper end face of the first square block is provided at the center position. The card slot is used to install an SMP connector for connecting to an external electrical signal. The second square block is located above the first square block. A first cylindrical hole running through the upper end face is provided on the second square block. The central axis of the first cylindrical hole coincides with the center line of the second square block in the upper and lower directions. The straight line where the center line of the second square block in the upper and lower directions is located is the center line of the all-metal single-polarization phased array unit. In each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit, the radiating part includes the first to fourteenth rectangular blocks. The first rectangular block is located above the second square block, which will make the second square block opposite to the left and right. The plane is called the first symmetry plane, and the plane that makes the second square block symmetrical in front and back is called the second symmetry plane. The first rectangular block and the second rectangular block are left-right symmetrical about the first symmetry plane; the lower part of the first cylinder coaxially passes through the first cylindrical hole from top to bottom and enters the card slot, the central axis of the first cylinder coincides with the center line of the second square block in the up and down directions, the first cylinder does not contact the side wall of the card slot, and the lower end face of the first cylinder is used to connect with the SMP connector; the second cylinder is coaxially located above the first cylinder, the diameter of the second cylinder is larger than the diameter of the first cylinder, the third to seventh rectangular blocks are located above the second cylinder, and are arranged in sequence from bottom to top to form a stepped structure, the eighth rectangular block is located on the left side of the second rectangular block, the ninth rectangular block is located above the second square block, the ninth rectangular block is left-right symmetrical about the first symmetry plane, the tenth rectangular block is located on the back side of the second symmetry plane, and the ninth and tenth rectangular blocks are front-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane.

2. A broadband all-metal dual-polarization phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that In each all-metal single-polarization phased array unit, the first isosceles trapezoidal block is located above the second square block and behind the ninth rectangular block. The outer end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block is formed by splicing six end faces distributed in the front, back, left, right, top and bottom directions. The upper end face and the lower end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block are completely identical isosceles trapezoids. The front end face, the rear end face, the left end face and the right end face of the first isosceles trapezoidal block are all rectangular. The first isosceles trapezoidal block is bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetry plane, and the first isosceles trapezoidal block and the second isosceles trapezoidal block are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane. The third isosceles trapezoidal block is located above the second square block and behind the first isosceles trapezoidal block. On the side, the outer end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is formed by splicing six end faces distributed in the front, back, left, right, top and bottom directions. The upper end face and the lower end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block are completely identical isosceles trapezoids. The front end face, the rear end face, the left end face and the right end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block are all rectangular. The third isosceles trapezoidal block is bilaterally symmetrical about the first symmetry plane. The rear end face of the third isosceles trapezoidal block is located on the front side of the second cylinder. The third isosceles trapezoidal block and the fourth isosceles trapezoidal block are front-to-back symmetrical about the second symmetry plane. The eleventh rectangular block is located above the second square block and on the left side of the third isosceles trapezoidal block. A recessed portion recessed to the right is provided on the left end face of the eleventh rectangular block. The first triangular groove runs through the eleventh rectangular block up and down, and the angle between its two side surfaces is 90 degrees, one side surface of the first triangular groove is in a fit state with the rear end face of the first rectangular block, and the other side surface is in a fit state with the right end face of the first rectangular block, and the intersection of the two side surfaces is in a fit state with the intersection of the rear end face and the right end face of the eleventh rectangular block; the twelfth rectangular block is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two, the eleventh rectangular block and the twelfth rectangular block are symmetrical about the second symmetry plane, and a second triangular groove is provided on the twelfth rectangular block, and the first triangular groove and the second triangular groove are about The second symmetry plane is symmetrical front to back; the thirteenth rectangular block is located on the right side of the first symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two, and the eleventh rectangular block and the thirteenth rectangular block are symmetrical left to right about the first symmetry plane; a third triangular groove is provided on the thirteenth rectangular block, and the first triangular groove and the third triangular groove are symmetrical left to right about the first symmetry plane; the fourteenth rectangular block is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between the two, and the thirteenth rectangular block and the fourteenth rectangular block are symmetrical front to back about the second symmetry plane; a fourth triangular groove is provided on the fourteenth rectangular block, and the third triangular groove and the fourth triangular groove are symmetrical front to back about the second symmetry plane.

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