Method and system for allocating over-the-air cells to user equipments in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method for allocating an over-the-air cell to one or more user equipments (UEs) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes establishing a data connection between one or more user equipments (UEs) and a ground cell; receiving one or more feedback parameters from each of the one or more UEs via the data connection; and allocating an air cell to a first UE of the one or more UEs based on at least one of the one or more feedback parameters received from the first UE and a number of the one or more UEs present in a coverage area of the air cell, the coverage area is a portion of a ground coverage area of the ground cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to systems, devices, and methods for wireless communications, and more particularly, to systems, devices, and methods for allocating air cells to one or more user equipments (UEs) in a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML) applications have been used to implement multimedia services in wireless networks. For example, AI / ML reasoning models are executed at user equipment (UE) or cloud / edge to perform various tasks, such as object classification, prediction and forecasting tasks. However, reasoning processing requires a lot of resources (such as processing power and system memory) and low latency to produce useful reasoning results. In order to perform reasoning at the UE, the trained and downloaded AI / ML model runs on a neural processing unit (NPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU). On the other hand, when the UE is restricted (e.g., the UE has limited resources), the original multimedia data is transmitted to the cloud (usually a neighboring edge server) so that reasoning can occur at an edge server with more resources than the UE. In this case, high network availability and bandwidth are necessary to ensure reliable and fast data transmission because they can reduce end-to-end latency in reasoning.

[0003] In the related art, the overhead in communication and the delay between UE and cloud can be reduced by exploring the device-edge collaborative reasoning model. In such a collaborative reasoning model, the edge processes the latter layers of the deep neural network (DNN), while the UE calculates the first few layers. The intermediate features are moved from the UE to the edge through the network infrastructure. This technology provides various advantages, such as reducing bandwidth requirements, sharing computing loads, and enhancing data privacy.

[0004] Figure 1 An exemplary AI / ML model for image recognition task splitting according to the related art is shown. Figure 1 As shown, UE 101 evaluates the first few layers of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and shares the intermediate results with edge server 105 via wireless network 103. Edge server 105 computes the remaining layers and shares reasoning with UE 101. UE 101 evaluates privacy and security sensitive layers, and edge server 105 evaluates computationally intensive layers. For collaborative reasoning tasks, splitting the AI / ML model is a joint optimization of communication latency, computational latency, and energy consumption. As the number of layers evaluated at the UE increases, the payload of the intermediate results transmitted to the edge server decreases. However, due to the limited computational and power resources of the UE, processing many of the initial layers of the CNN results in higher latency. Therefore, evaluating the conditions of the wireless link and the workload on the edge server 105 is necessary to determine the optimal split point for collaborative reasoning.

[0005] In addition, in the sixth generation (6G) wireless network, there is sufficient computing power on various nodes with mobile edge computing (MEC) functions. Therefore, multi-point split AI / ML collaborative reasoning can be achieved. Figure 2 FIG. 4 shows a multi-split collaborative reasoning architecture in a wireless communication system according to another related art. Figure 2 As shown in FIG, each node (e.g., next generation NodeB (gNB) 203 and 5G core (5GC) 205) has an attached MEC unit with computing capabilities. Therefore, the reasoning task of UE 201 is split among UE 201, gNB 203, and 5GC 205. However, the related art does not analyze the wireless channels between UE 201 and networks 203 and 205 to help split point decisions for the device-edge collaborative reasoning model and improve data communication and reduce latency.

[0006] In addition, the main requirements for splitting AI / ML in 5G / 6G networks are outlined in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Aerial cells hosted by low-altitude aerial platforms (LAPs) provide a way to reduce latency and improve the reliability of wireless communications, which makes them a strong driver for MEC in 6G wireless networks. 3GPP has included requirements for supporting LAP-based aerial cells, referred to as unmanned aerial NodeBs (UxNBs) in cellular networks. Related technologies can increase the number of user equipment (UEs) during each training iteration in 6G networks through federated learning (FL) assisted by aerial cells. Although there are technologies that utilize LAPs to support MEC and collaborative reasoning, these related technologies do not address the deployment challenges associated with using aerial cells for AI / ML model splitting. In addition, the related technologies lack strategies for planning trajectories of LAPs to optimize collaborative reasoning for complex multimedia tasks within wireless networks.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need to develop techniques for using air cells in a wireless communication system while addressing at least the above challenges. Summary of the invention

[0008] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed in a wireless communication system is provided, the method comprising: establishing a data connection between one or more user equipments (UEs) and a terrestrial cell; receiving one or more feedback parameters from each of the one or more UEs via the data connection; and allocating the air cell to a first UE based on at least one of the one or more feedback parameters received from the first UE of the one or more UEs and the number of the one or more UEs present in an air coverage area of ​​the air cell, wherein the air coverage area is a part of a ground coverage area of ​​the terrestrial cell.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a system for wireless communication is provided, the system comprising: at least one processor configured to: establish a data connection between one or more user equipments (UEs) and a terrestrial cell; receive one or more feedback parameters from each of the one or more UEs via the data connection; and allocate the air cell to a first UE based on at least one of the one or more feedback parameters received from the first UE of the one or more UEs and the number of the one or more UEs present in an air coverage area of ​​the air cell, wherein the air coverage area is part of a ground coverage area of ​​the terrestrial cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:

[0011] Figure 1 An artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model of related technologies for image recognition task splitting is shown;

[0012] Figure 2 A multi-split collaborative inference architecture of related technologies in a wireless communication system is shown;

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a wireless communication system for allocating air cells to one or more user equipments (UEs) in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0014] Figure 4 A flowchart of a method for allocating an air cell to one or more UEs in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0015] Figure 5 A signal flow diagram between a ground cell, an air cell and one or more UEs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0016] Figure 6 An exemplary diagram showing splitting of inference tasks between a ground cell, an air cell, and one or more UEs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0017] Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for allocating air cells to one or more UEs in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the elements in the drawings are shown for simplicity and may not necessarily be drawn to scale. For example, the flow chart illustrates the method in terms of the operations involved to help improve the understanding of the various aspects of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and therefore, other operations may be included in the methods shown in the flow charts. In addition, with respect to the construction of the system, one or more components of the system may have been represented in the drawings by common symbols, and the drawings may only illustrate those specific details relevant to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure, so as not to obscure the drawings with details that would be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who would benefit from the description herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the embodiments. It will be understood, however, that no limitation of the scope of the present disclosure is intended thereby, and such changes and further modifications in the illustrated systems and such further applications of the principles of the present disclosure illustrated therein are deemed to be within the ordinary course of thought of those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure relates.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will understand that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to be limiting.

[0021] References throughout this specification to "aspect," "another aspect," or similar language indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the phrases "according to an embodiment," "according to another embodiment," and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0022] The terms "includes", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that includes a list of operations includes not only those operations but may also include other operations not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components followed by "includes..." do not exclude the presence of other devices or other subsystems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional subsystems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components without more constraints.

[0023] The embodiments of this paper can be described and illustrated according to the frame that performs one or more functions described. These frames, which may be referred to as managers, units, modules, hardware components, terms ending with "devices", etc., are physically implemented by analog and / or digital circuits (such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory circuits, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hard-wired circuits, etc.), and can be optionally driven by firmware. The circuit can be implemented in one or more semiconductor chips, for example, or on substrate supports such as printed circuit boards. The circuits constituting the frames can be implemented by dedicated hardware, or by a processor (for example, one or more programmed microprocessors and related circuits), or by a combination of dedicated hardware that performs some functions of the blocks and processors that perform other functions of the blocks. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, each frame of the embodiment can be physically divided into two or more interacting and discrete frames. Similarly, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the frames of the embodiment can be physically combined into more complex frames.

[0024] The term "coupling" and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not these elements are in physical contact with each other. The terms "send", "receive" and "communication" and their derivatives cover both direct and indirect communication. The term "or" is an inclusive term representing "and / or". The phrase "associated with..." and its derivatives refer to including, being included in, interconnected with, including, being included in, being connected to or connected with, being coupled to or coupled with, being communicable with, collaborating with, interlacing, juxtaposing, being close to, being bound to or bound with, having, having the nature of, having to or with, etc. The term "controller" refers to any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation. The function associated with any particular controller can be centralized or distributed, whether local or remote. When used with a list of items, the phrase "at least one of..." means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items can be used, and only one item in the list may be required. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C, and any variations thereof. As an additional example, the expression "at least one of a, b, or c" may indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof. Similarly, the term "group" means one or more. Thus, the group of items may be a single item or a collection of two or more items.

[0025] Figure 3An example of a wireless communication system for allocating air cells to one or more user equipments (UEs) in the wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown in , the wireless communication system 300 may include one or more UEs 301, a core network 303, a ground base station 305, and a non-ground aerial low altitude platform (LAP), such as an aerial cell 309. In some examples, the wireless communication system 300 may be a long term evolution (LTE) network, an advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a new radio (NR) network, a 5G network, and a 6G network. In some examples, the wireless communication system 300 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communications, low-latency communications, communications using low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

[0027] The ground base stations 305 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form a wireless communication system 300. The ground base stations 305 may include devices of different forms or with different capabilities. For example, the ground base stations 305 may have mobile edge computing (MEC) capabilities. The ground base stations 305 and one or more UEs 301 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 307. The ground base stations 305 may provide a ground coverage area, and one or more UEs 301 and the ground base stations 305 may establish one or more communication links 307 via the ground coverage area. The ground coverage area may be an example of a geographical area through which one of the ground base stations 305 and the UE 301 may support communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown in , the wireless communication system 300 may also include an air cell 309 that can provide an air coverage area. The air coverage area is a portion of the ground coverage area. The air cell 309 can establish a communication link 307 with one or more UEs 301 via the air coverage area. The air cell 309 can be assigned to one or more UEs 301 according to the technology described herein.

[0029] One or more UEs 301 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area of ​​the wireless communication system 300, and each UE 301 may be fixed, mobile, or fixed or mobile at different times. One or more UEs 301 may be devices of different forms or with different capabilities.

[0030] The ground base station 305 described herein may include or may be referred to by a person of ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB or gNodeB (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a home NodeB, a home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology.

[0031] One or more UE 301 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, a user device, or some other suitable term, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client and other examples. One or more UE 301 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, one or more UE 301 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device and other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as household appliances or vehicles, meters, and other examples.

[0032] One or more UEs 301 described herein can communicate with various types of devices (such as Figure 3 The other UE 301 shown in the figure, which can sometimes act as a relay, and the ground base station 305 communicate with network equipment including macro eNB or gNB, micro cell eNB or gNB, or relay base station, as well as other examples.

[0033] Furthermore, it should be noted that although for illustrative purposes, Figure 1 Only three UEs 301 are shown, but the wireless communication system 300 may include Figure 3 Additional UEs not shown.

[0034] According to an embodiment, the technology described herein can be implemented in a wireless communication system 300. However, any other wireless communication system capable of allocating an air cell to one or more UEs according to the technology described herein is within the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be noted that throughout the specification and the drawings, the terms "ground base station" and "ground cell" are used interchangeably. It should also be noted that similar reference numerals are used in the drawings to maintain consistency throughout the specification and the drawings.

[0035] Figure 4 A flow chart describing a method for allocating air cells to one or more UEs in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 5FIG. 2 shows a signal flow diagram between a ground cell 305, an air cell 309 and one or more UEs 301 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 Description.

[0036] Now refer to Figure 4 In operation 401, the method may include establishing a data connection between one or more UEs 301 and a terrestrial cell 305. For example, the terrestrial cell 305 may establish a data connection with one or more UEs 301. Figure 5 As shown, in operation 501, the ground cell 305 may establish a data connection with one or more UEs (via a communication link). For example, the one or more UEs may include but are not limited to a first UE UE1, a second UE UE2, a third UE UE3, and a fourth UE UE4. It should be noted that the data connection may be established using techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] In operation 403, the method may include receiving one or more feedback parameters from each of the one or more UEs 301. For example, the terrestrial cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters from each of the one or more UEs 301 via an established data connection. Figure 5 As shown, at operation 503, the ground cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters from each UE (e.g., UE1, UE2, UE3, and UE4) via a data connection. According to an embodiment, the ground cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters for an air scheduling period (ASP). The ASP may refer to a time period when the air cell 309 is within the coverage area of ​​the ground cell 305. Therefore, the ground cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters for the ASP.

[0038] According to an embodiment, the ground cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters after a predetermined time period expires. The predetermined time period may be configured by the ground cell 305. According to another embodiment, the ground cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters after at least one predefined trigger event occurs. According to an embodiment, at least one predefined trigger event may be a preconfigured event in the UE that is triggered when the reasoning process starts. According to another embodiment, at least one predefined trigger event may be a preconfigured event in the UE that is triggered when the reasoning process using a predefined AI model (such as Alexnet, ResNet, LLM, etc.) starts. According to another embodiment, at least one predefined trigger event may be that the power level of the UE is lower than a predefined threshold at the start of the reasoning process. The predefined threshold may be configured by the UE. According to another embodiment, at least one predefined trigger event may be a predefined time in the UE, and the ground cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters when the predefined time expires. It should be noted that several examples of predefined events have been provided, and any other event configured by the UE will fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0039] In another embodiment, the ground cell 305 may receive one or more feedback parameters in response to a request from the ground cell. Therefore, the ground cell 305 may request one or more UEs 301 to share one or more feedback parameters, and each of the one or more UEs 301 may share one or more feedback parameters in response to the request.

[0040] According to an embodiment, the one or more feedback parameters include a channel quality index (CQI), an inference load (ILD), and a mobility state (Ps) of the corresponding UE. The CQI indicates the signal strength of a terrestrial signal associated with the terrestrial cell 305. The ILD indicates the maximum load of the inference task based on the available computing power of each of the one or more UEs 301. According to an embodiment, the inference load can be based on the trillion operations per second (TOPS) required to perform the inference task. and the available capacity to perform reasoning tasks To determine the ILD. Therefore, the ILD can be determined as:

[0041]

[0042] Furthermore, the mobility state of the corresponding UE indicates the probability that the corresponding UE remains static in the air coverage area for the ASP. It should be noted that the mobility state may be determined using techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as Poisson probability techniques.

[0043] In operation 405, the method may include allocating an air cell 309 to at least one UE of the one or more UEs 301 based on at least one or more feedback parameters. For example, the method may include allocating an air cell to at least one UE of the one or more UEs 301 based on at least one or more feedback parameters for an ASP. Figure 5 As shown in, in operation 505, the air cell 309 may be allocated to the first UE UE1 and the fourth UE UE4. According to an embodiment, the air cell 309 may be allocated to the at least one UE based on one or more feedback parameters of the at least one UE that meets the criteria. The criteria may include a threshold. For example, the air cell 309 may be allocated to the at least one UE based on one or more feedback parameters of the at least one UE that meets the corresponding threshold. The threshold may be predefined and predetermined. In the example case where the CQI of the at least one UE is lower than the CQI threshold, the air cell 309 may be allocated to the at least one UE to provide better service to the at least one UE. For example, the CQI of the at least one UE being lower than the CQI threshold may mean a signal strength difference between the ground cell 305 and the at least one UE. In the example case where the ILD of the at least one UE is higher than the ILD threshold, the air cell 309 may be allocated to the at least one UE to reduce the inference load on the at least one UE. For example, the ILD being higher than the ILD threshold may mean that the maximum load of the inference task exceeds the capability of the at least one UE. In the example case where the mobility state of the at least one UE is higher than the mobility threshold, the air cell 309 may be allocated to the at least one UE. For example, the mobility state of the at least one UE being higher than the mobility threshold may mean that the at least one UE is static in the air coverage area. In another example, the air cell 309 may be allocated to more than one UE based on the following Equation 2:

[0044]

[0045] In Equation 2, ACADw represents an allocation parameter that determines whether the air cell 309 is to be allocated, and M CQI is the maximum value of CQI, R CQI is the reported CQI from the UE, and S CQI is a scaling factor. Therefore, for each ASP, a UE with a higher ACADw is considered to be served by the air cell 309, and if the UE has a higher inference requirement (ie, inference load (ILD)), the UE is more likely to remain static for the next ASP and have a lower CQI for the terrestrial cell 305.

[0046] According to an embodiment, when allocating the air cell 309 to at least one UE, the number of one or more UEs present in the air coverage area is also considered. For example, in operation 405, the method may include allocating the air cell 309 to at least one UE of the one or more UEs 301 based on at least one or more feedback parameters and the number of one or more UEs 301 present in the air coverage area of ​​the air cell 309. In an example case where the number of one or more UEs 301 is lower than a predetermined number of UEs, the air cell 309 may be allocated to at least one UE. In an example case where one or more feedback parameters corresponding to more than one UE meet corresponding predefined thresholds, the number of one or more UEs 301 present in the air coverage area helps determine whether the air cell 309 should be allocated to each of the more than one UE. In an example case where the number of one or more UEs 301 present in the air coverage area is small, the air cell 309 may be allocated to a larger number of UEs 301, and vice versa.

[0047] According to an embodiment, each of the predefined CQI threshold, the predefined ILD threshold, the predefined mobility threshold, and the predetermined number of UEs may be configured by the terrestrial cell 305 .

[0048] According to an embodiment, at least one UE may be connected to the air cell 309 in a dual connectivity (DC) mode. At least one UE may be connected to the air cell 309 according to known techniques, such as Figure 5 As shown. For example, at least one UE (e.g., a first UE UE1 and a fourth UE UE4) may establish a data connection with the air cell 309 through operations 507-531. For example, these operations may include, but are not limited to, performing RRC connection reconfiguration (507), performing RRC connection reconfiguration completion (509), sending a measurement report by one or more UEs (511), performing an SgNB add request (513), performing an SgNB add request confirmation (515), performing an RRC connection reconfiguration related to the SgNB configuration (517), performing an RRC connection reconfiguration completion related to the SgNB configuration (519), and performing an SgNB reconfiguration completion (521). In addition, the method may include performing synchronization with one or more UEs (523) and one or more UEs performing uplink (UL) synchronization with the air cell 309 (525). In addition, one or more UEs may perform DC MAC PHR (527). According to an embodiment, data transmission 529 and 531 may occur based on the established data connection. One or more of these operations may be implemented by techniques known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, for the sake of brevity, these operations are not explained in detail herein.

[0049] According to an embodiment, Figure 6 As shown in , the reasoning task to be performed on at least one UE can be split with a processing element 601 associated with the air cell 309 and an edge server 603 associated with the ground cell 305. The processing element 601 and the edge server 603 can perform the reasoning task in the air cell 309 and the ground cell 305, respectively. According to an embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown in operations 533 and 535 of , the reasoning task can be split in a three-way model for the corresponding reasoning tasks at at least one UE, the ground cell 305, and the air cell 309. According to an embodiment, let us consider that the neural network performing the reasoning task at at least one UE has a total of D layers. Layer D UE and layer D Ux A three-way split is defined between at least one UE, air cell 309 and ground cell 305. Thus, at least one UE evaluates layers 0 to D. UE , processing element 601 evaluates layer D UE To layer D Ux The edge server 603 evaluates the remaining layers D Ux to layer D. Equation 3 gives the relationship between the parameters under the conditions described in Equation 4:

[0050] D UE +D Ux < D……(3)

[0051] 0 < D UE < D; D Ux < D; D Ux > D UE ……(4)

[0052] It should be noted that Equations 3 and 4 provide only one example of how the reasoning task can be split, and other equations may also be used for this purpose.

[0053] According to an embodiment, the inference task may be split to minimize the delay in the collaborative inference between at least one UE, the air cell 309, and the ground cell 305. According to an embodiment, the delay may be minimized using Equation 5:

[0054]

[0055] In Equation 5, the parameters represents the computational delay of each layer d at at least one UE. represents the calculated delay for each layer d at the air cell 309. Parameter represents the calculated delay time of each layer d at the ground cell 305. Parameter Given a transmission layer D from at least one UE UE The communication delay of the intermediate data after that. Defines the transmission layer D from the air cell 309 to the ground cell 305 Ux The communication delay time of the intermediate data after that. ML Denotes the number of at least one UE. It should be noted that Equation 5 only provides one example of how the delay may be minimized, and other equations may also be used for this purpose.

[0056] According to an embodiment, the inference task may be split to minimize power consumption in the collaborative inference between at least one UE, the air cell 309, and the ground cell 305. According to an embodiment, Equation 6 may be used to minimize power consumption:

[0057]

[0058] In Equation 6, P UE and P Ux represents the fixed transmission power of at least one UE and the air cell 309 respectively. Parameter K UE , K Ux and K MEC Parameters F represent effective switching capacitance parameters of at least one UE, air cell 309 and ground cell 305, respectively, depending on the system-on-chip (SoC) architecture. UE 、F Ux and F MEC denotes the CPU frequency for each of the at least one UE, the air cell 309, and the ground cell 305, respectively. The power consumption of each layer d at the at least one UE is determined by the parameter Similarly, the parameter represents the power consumption of each layer d at the air cell 309, and represents the power consumption of each layer d at the terrestrial cell 305. It should be noted that Equation 6 only provides one example of how the power consumption may be minimized, and other equations may also be used for this purpose.

[0059] According to an embodiment, the trajectory of the air cell 309 may be determined based on the location of at least one UE, the number of one or more UEs present in the air coverage area, and one or more feedback parameters. According to an embodiment, the trajectory of the air cell 309 may be determined using Equation 7:

[0060]

[0061] In Equation 7, r = (x, y, h) describes the location of the aerial cell 309, and r k =(xk ,y k , 0) is the location of at least one UE k, Defines whether subcarrier i is allocated to UE k, is the channel characteristic of UE k on subcarrier i, and Defines the power allocation on subcarrier i. Quantity N F The system bandwidth is defined by the number of subcarriers, K defines the total number of UEs, and Threshold sumTP is the throughput threshold. In the example case where Equation 3 is satisfied, at least one UE will experience throughput above the threshold Threshold sumTP The position of the air cell given by (x, y, h) is derived to achieve the maximum throughput. Therefore, multiple positions (L1, L2, ... LR) of the air cell 309 are obtained using Equation 7.

[0062] According to an embodiment, the optimized trajectory (L i ), so that the air cell 309 is allocated to the maximum number of UEs with reasoning tasks in the ASP:

[0063]

[0064] In equation 8, is the number of UEs present in the air coverage area. λ is the average number of ASPs where the UE remains static.

[0065] According to an embodiment, a trajectory may be determined to minimize delay in collaborative reasoning between at least one UE, an air cell, and a ground cell. According to an embodiment, delay may be minimized using Equation 9:

[0066]

[0067] It should be noted that equation 9 provides only one example of how delay can be minimized, and other equations can also be used for this purpose. In equation 9, U ad is at position L i The number of UEs served by the UxNB, A transmission layer (D) from at least one UE to a terrestrial cell 305 (gNB) is given. UE ) after the communication delay of the intermediate data. Defines when the air unit 309 is at position L i When the layer (D UE ) after which intermediate data is transmitted from at least one UE to the air cell 309. Defines when the air cell 309 is at position L i At the layer Thereafter, the intermediate data is transmitted from the air cell 309 to the ground cell 305 due to the communication delay.

[0068] According to another embodiment, a trajectory may be determined to minimize power consumption in collaborative reasoning between at least one UE, an air cell, and a terrestrial cell.

[0069] After determining the trajectory, at least one UE may be connected to an air cell based on the determined trajectory.

[0070] Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for allocating an air cell 309 to one or more UEs 301 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0071] According to an embodiment, Figure 7 The configuration of can be understood as a part of the configuration of the ground cell 305. According to an embodiment, Figure 4 The illustrated method 400 may be implemented in a system 700 .

[0072] According to an embodiment, the system 700 corresponds to the terrestrial cell 305. Figure 7 , the system 700 may include a “processor” 701 as at least one processor, a communication circuit 703, and a memory 705. The communication circuit may be referred to as a communicator or a communication interface.

[0073] As an example, at least one processor 701 may be a single processor or multiple processors, all of which may include multiple computing circuits. At least one processor 701 may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuits, and / or any device for manipulating signals based on operating instructions. In addition to other capabilities, at least one processor 701 is configured to acquire and execute computer-readable instructions and data stored in memory 705. At least one processor 701 may include one or more processors. At this point, one or more processors 701 may be a general-purpose processor (such as a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), etc.), a graphics processing unit (such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), a visual processing unit (VPU)), and / or an AI-specific processor (such as a neural processing unit (NPU)). One or more processors 701 may control the processing of input data according to predefined operating rules or artificial intelligence (AI) models stored in non-volatile memory and volatile memory (i.e., memory 705). Predefined operating rules or AI models are provided by training or learning.

[0074] The communication circuit 703 may perform functions for sending and receiving signals via a wireless channel. According to an embodiment, the communication circuit 703 may receive one or more feedback reconfiguration messages from one or more UEs 301 according to the techniques described in the present disclosure. According to another embodiment, the at least one processor 701 may perform, via the communication circuit 703, Figure 4 Steps 401 and 405.

[0075] Memory 705 may include any non-transitory computer-readable medium known in the art including, for example, volatile memory (such as static random access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM)) and / or non-volatile memory (such as read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM, flash memory, hard disk, optical disk, and magnetic tape). Memory 705 may also store one or more reports according to the techniques described in this disclosure.

[0076] The embodiments are exemplary in nature, and system 700 may include additional components as may be necessary to implement the desired functionality of system 700 in accordance with the requirements of the present disclosure.

[0077] Therefore, the present disclosure provides techniques for allocating an air cell 309 to one or more UEs 301 in a wireless communication system.

[0078] Therefore, the present disclosure provides various advantages. For example, the technology according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure reduces the communication cost of the UE when operating within the constraints of the computing capabilities of the UE and the LAP-based air cell. The technology according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure also causes the power consumption of the UE to be kept to a minimum. The technology according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure reduces the inference time of the inference task while keeping the energy consumption to a minimum. The technology according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure also reduces the inference delay between the UE, the air cell and the ground cell.

[0079] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.The systems, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not limiting.

[0080] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with respect to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any components that may make any benefit, advantage, or solution occur or become more obvious should not be construed as critical, required, or essential features or components of any or all claims.

[0081] Although specific language has been used to describe the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is not intended to be any limitation caused thereby. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various work modifications may be made to the method in order to realize the inventive concept taught herein. The accompanying drawings and the foregoing description provide examples of embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one or more of the elements described may be well combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, some elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment.

Claims

1. A method performed in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: Establishing a data connection between one or more user equipments UE and a terrestrial cell; receiving one or more feedback parameters from each of the one or more UEs via the data connection; as well as allocating the air cell to a first UE among the one or more UEs based on at least one of the one or more feedback parameters received from the first UE and a number of the one or more UEs present in an air coverage area of ​​the air cell, The aerial coverage area is a part of the ground coverage area of ​​the ground cell.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The first UE is connected to the air cell in dual connectivity DC mode.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: The step of receiving the one or more feedback parameters comprises at least one of the following: receiving the one or more feedback parameters after expiration of the time period; receiving the one or more feedback parameters after occurrence of at least one triggering event; or The one or more feedback parameters are received based on a request from the terrestrial cell.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: The step of allocating the air cell to the first UE comprises: determining that the one or more feedback parameters of the first UE satisfy corresponding thresholds; and Based on determining that the one or more feedback parameters of the first UE satisfy the corresponding threshold, the air cell is allocated for an air scheduling period.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: An inference task to be performed on a first UE is split using a processing element associated with the air cell and an edge server associated with the terrestrial cell.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a trajectory of the air cell based on a location of the first UE, a number of the one or more UEs present in the air coverage area, and the one or more feedback parameters from the first UE; as well as A first UE is connected to the aerial cell based on the determined trajectory of the aerial cell.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: The one or more feedback parameters include a channel quality index CQI, an inferred load ILD or a mobility status of the corresponding UE.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the CQI indicates a signal strength of a terrestrial signal associated with the terrestrial cell.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein: The ILD indicates a maximum load of an inference task based on available computing power of the corresponding UE, and wherein the ILD is determined based on tera operations per second (TOPS) required to perform the inference task and available power to perform the inference task.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein: The mobility status of the corresponding UE indicates a probability that the corresponding UE remains static in the air coverage area for an air scheduling period.

11. A system for wireless communication, the system comprising: At least one processor configured to: Establishing a data connection between one or more user equipments UE and a terrestrial cell; receiving one or more feedback parameters from each of the one or more UEs via the data connection; as well as allocating the air cell to a first UE among the one or more UEs based on at least one of the one or more feedback parameters received from the first UE and a number of the one or more UEs present in an air coverage area of ​​the air cell, The aerial coverage area is a part of the ground coverage area of ​​the ground cell.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein: The at least one processor is also configured to connect the first UE with the air cell in a dual connectivity DC mode.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein: The at least one processor is configured to receive the one or more feedback parameters after expiration of a time period, after occurrence of at least one triggering event, or based on a request from the terrestrial cell.

14. The system of claim 11, wherein: To allocate the air cell, the at least one processor is configured to: determining that the one or more feedback parameters of the first UE satisfy corresponding thresholds; and Based on determining that the one or more feedback parameters of the first UE satisfy the corresponding threshold, the air cell is allocated for an air scheduling period.

15. The system of claim 11, wherein: The at least one processor is configured to: An inference task to be performed on a first UE is split using a processing element associated with the air cell and an edge server associated with the terrestrial cell.

16. The system of claim 11, wherein: The at least one processor is configured to: determining a trajectory of the air cell based on a location of the first UE, a number of the one or more UEs present in the air coverage area, and the one or more feedback parameters from the first UE; as well as A first UE is connected to the aerial cell based on the determined trajectory of the aerial cell.

17. The system of claim 11, wherein: The one or more feedback parameters include a channel quality index CQI, an inferred load ILD or a mobility status of the corresponding UE.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein: The CQI indicates a signal strength of a terrestrial signal associated with the terrestrial cell.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein: The ILD indicates a maximum load of the corresponding UE's inference task based on available computing power, and wherein the ILD is determined based on tera operations per second (TOPS) required to perform the inference task and available power to perform the inference task.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein: The mobility status of the corresponding UE indicates a probability that the corresponding UE remains static in the air coverage area for an air scheduling period.

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