Method for improving bud grafting survival rate of big rubber tree

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bud grafting of big rubber trees, in particular to a method for increasing the survival rate of bud grafting of big rubber trees, which comprises the following steps: S1, taking big rubber trees as stocks, forming bud joints on barks, smearing calcium chloride at glue outlet positions at the edges of the bud joints, and after glue at the glue outlet positions is solidified, covering the bud joints with the calcium chloride; spraying a bactericide and cytokinin at bud interfaces; s2, placing bud slices to be grafted at positions 1-2cm away from the lower cut of the stock and 0.5-1cm away from the left cut and the right cut of the stock, and sealing and fixing. According to the bud grafting method for the big rubber tree, the breeding time can be obviously shortened, and the production cost can be reduced. For example, establishment of a rubber tree seed orchard takes at least six years from seedling raising to seed harvesting, while seed harvesting can be realized in three years through a big tree grafting technology, so that the seed harvesting age limit is remarkably shortened, and the time cost and the management cost are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rubber tree budding, in particular to a method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree budding. Background Art

[0002] Rubber tree is a crop with an economic life of more than 30 years. The quality of seedlings affects the yield and economic benefits of the entire production cycle. Bud grafting is an important part of rubber tree seedling breeding and production. The purpose of common rubber tree bud grafting is mainly to produce and expand seedlings. The existing rubber bud grafting technology is mainly to bud graft rootstocks that are no more than 2 years old or seedlings that are about 30 days old. Studies have shown that the survival rate of bud grafting is significantly higher than that of 2-year-old rootstocks. In the face of seed garden large tree grafting or low-yield forest transformation, the tree age is more than 4 years old and the trunk is relatively large. There are many problems that affect the survival rate of bud grafting, including: too much glue on the incision, large bud grafting surface, many pathogens, and difficulty in wound healing. The survival rate of continuing to use the bud grafting technology of small seedlings is almost zero. Therefore, there is currently no method for bud grafting large rubber trees. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree bud grafting.

[0004] The objective of the present invention is to achieve the following technical solutions: A method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree budding, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Treatment of bud interface: Use a rubber tree as a rootstock, open a bud interface on the bark, then apply calcium chloride to and cover the glue outlet at the edge of the bud interface, and after the glue at the glue outlet solidifies (about 3-10 minutes), spray fungicide and cytokinin on the bud interface;

[0006] Wherein, the rubber tree is a rubber tree with an age of more than 4 years; the shape of the bud interface is a "triangle";

[0007] S2. Bud grafting: Place the bud to be grafted 1-2 cm away from the lower incision of the rootstock and 0.5-1 cm away from the left and right incisions of the rootstock, and seal and fix.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the calcium chloride is industrial grade calcium chloride powder.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S1, the rubber tree budding time is from September to November.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S1, the bud pieces come from a bud collection nursery or a large tree, are 2.5-3.5 cm long, and 1.0-1.5 cm wide; the bud pieces have branches with 2-4 leaf buds, are 0.5-2.0 cm thick, and need to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the types of fungicides include: carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and difenoconazole, and the concentration used is 500-1500 times of 50% powder.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the types of cytokinins include: kinetin (KT) and 6-benzyladenine, and the concentration used is 5-15 mg / L.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the sealing and fixing method is: a plastic film with a width of 2-3 cm and a thickness of 3 threads is selected for wrapping, and the wound is wrapped tightly to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0014] Furthermore, after the bud grafting in step S2, the binding needs to be untied. The method is as follows: 30-40 days after the bud grafting, gently cut the film with a utility knife, pick up the film from one end and slowly tear it off.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. The present invention realizes the high survival rate budding of rubber tree for the first time, can obviously shorten the breeding time, and reduce production cost. As the establishment of rubber tree seed garden, it takes at least 6 years from seedling cultivation to harvesting seeds, and it takes only 3 years to realize seed collection by changing the grafting technology of big tree, which significantly shortens the seed collection period, and saves time cost and management cost.

[0017] 2. The method provided by the present invention can also be used in the transformation of low-yield forests. In the rubber tree planting process, it generally takes 9 years from conventional seedling cultivation to the start of rubber tapping, while rubber tapping can be achieved in 4-5 years through the transformation of large-tree low-yield forests, which greatly saves production costs.

[0018] 3. The present invention uses calcium chloride in the process of the rubber tree bud grafting method. The calcium chloride not only plays a role in solidifying glue, but also can supplement calcium for plants, improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops, inhibit the growth of pathogens, and promote healthy growth.

[0019] 4. The present invention uses a "triangular" bud interface to replace the traditional "sword-shaped" bud interface. The traditional "sword-shaped" bud interface requires the lower half of the bud to be covered by bark. The main factor to be considered is to protect the bud from losing water. However, this will be counterproductive for large rubber trees, making it difficult to restore the bark with the lower opening, and the bud grafting will fail. The "triangular" bud interface used in the present invention is combined with calcium chloride to help large rubber trees recover bud grafting wounds, reduce glue pollution, and improve the survival rate of bud grafting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a survival diagram of a large tree bud grafted by the method of the present invention; it can be seen that the buds grow normally and the bud interface heals well.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the budding result of Example 1 when naturally air-dried; it can be seen that the entire budding surface is seriously contaminated by the glue discharged from the incision, and the budding cannot survive.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the budding result when the bud interface is in the traditional "sword" shape in Example 1; it can be seen that the wound on the big tree is difficult to heal, which damages the big tree, the bud piece is pressed into the bark, and the glue and bacteria are seriously contaminated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A 7-year-old rubber tree mixed open pollination seed garden (variety including Reyan 8-79, Reyan 7-33-97, Reken 628, Yunyan 80-1983) was selected, and budding was carried out in the dry season from September to November to reduce the effect of rain on the survival rate of budding; the bud pieces were placed 1 cm below the bud interface, and the bud interface was sprayed with a mixture of 50% carbendazim (1000 times) and cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (10 mg / L). Different treatment settings: two budding opening methods were used, namely the traditional "sword" opening method and the triangle; two rubber latex coagulation methods were selected, namely natural air drying coagulation and adding calcium chloride coagulant. After 35 days of budding, the buds were untied and observed and recorded: bud interface recovery, glue contamination rate and budding survival rate. The investigation standard for budding survival rate was that the bud pieces did not dry out or blacken, and the bud pieces and bud interface healed well, and the budding was judged to be alive.

[0026] Among them, the bud pieces come from the bud collection nursery, with a length of 2.5-3.5cm and a width of 1.0-1.5cm; the bud pieces have branches with 2-4 leaf buds, a thickness of 0.5-2.0cm, and need to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds. The "triangle" opening method is to make a budding opening at the appropriate position of the rootstock according to the size of the bud piece, use a double-edged knife to cut a knife from the top to the left and right, the depth of the cut is to only cut the phloem of the tree, and not to damage the wood. Then cut a triangle horizontally, and slowly take out the bark of the bud interface in the middle, and be careful not to touch the exposed wood with your hands; the traditional "sword" opening method is to open the triangle opening method first, and then cut a short line about 0.5-1.5cm long vertically downward at the midpoint of the lower edge of the triangle, and use a knife to gently peel off a small opening in the bark on the upper part of the short line, so that the lower 0.5cm of the bud piece can be placed in the bark. The method of natural air-drying and solidification is that the glue at the bud interface flows naturally until no new glue is produced, which is regarded as natural solidification. There is a problem that only the surface is solidified while the middle of the glue is not completely solidified; the method of adding calcium chloride coagulant is to use calcium chloride to apply and cover the glue at the edge of the bud interface, with the edge ≤0.5cm towards the direction of the bud piece and ≤1cm towards the bark, and cover it evenly. After the glue solidifies, spray carbendazim and 6-benzyladenine.

[0027] Comparison of bud interface recovery, glue contamination rate and bud grafting survival rate

[0028]

[0029] The test results show that the traditional "sword" budding opening method has a large wound at the bottom, which is difficult to recover and has a great impact on the survival rate of budding; the use of calcium chloride coagulant can reduce the glue contamination rate to less than 20%, the gel effect is significant, and the survival rate of budding is also significantly improved. The use of the "triangle" budding opening method and the addition of calcium chloride coagulant can significantly improve the survival rate of budding from 0% to 85%.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A 10-year-old low-yield rubber tree forest was selected for variety transformation. Bud grafting was carried out from September to November. The bud grafting method adopted a triangular opening method. At the same time, the bud interface was sprayed with a mixture of 50% carbendazim (1000 times) and cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (10 mg / L). The treatment settings were as follows: two types of bud placement positions were used, close to the lower part of the bud interface and 1 cm away from the lower part of the bud interface (Note: the solidified glue in the two methods does not need any treatment to prevent fresh glue from coming out again); the latex coagulant selected three commonly used in the production of latex products, namely formic acid (concentration of 50%), microbial agent (concentration of 60%), and calcium chloride powder. After 35 days of bud grafting, the bud interface recovery, glue contamination rate and bud grafting survival rate were untied and observed and recorded. Among them, the investigation standard for the bud grafting survival rate was that the bud piece did not dry up or blacken, and the bud piece and bud interface healed well, and it was judged to be bud grafting survival.

[0032] Among them, the buds come from large trees, with a length of 2.5-3.5cm and a width of 1.0-1.5cm; the buds have branches with 2-4 leaf buds, a thickness of 0.5-2.0cm, and need to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds. The "right triangle" opening method is to make a budding opening at the appropriate position of the rootstock according to the size of the bud, use a double-edged knife to cut a cut from the top to the left and right, the depth of the cut is to only cut the phloem of the tree, and not to damage the xylem, and then cut a triangle horizontally, and slowly remove the bark of the bud interface in the middle, and be careful not to touch the exposed xylem with your hands. The specific method of formic acid coagulation is as follows: after the bud interface is opened, immediately use a small spray bottle equipped with 50% to spray the glue on the edge of the bud interface. Be careful not to spray on the woody part where the bud piece is placed in the middle. It can be sprayed in small amounts multiple times until it solidifies; the method of 60% microbial agent coagulation is the same as that of formic acid coagulation; the method of adding calcium chloride coagulant is as follows: specifically, use calcium chloride to smear and cover the glue at the edge of the bud interface, with the edge ≤0.5cm towards the direction of the bud piece and ≤1cm towards the bark, and cover evenly. After the glue solidifies, spray carbendazim and 6-benzyladenine.

[0033] Comparison of bud interface recovery, glue contamination rate and bud grafting survival rate

[0034]

[0035] The test results show that the use of three coagulants is effective in solidifying glue and can effectively reduce the glue contamination rate, but formic acid and microorganisms will slow down the healing of the wound at the bud interface, and the bud grafting will not survive; calcium chloride is an inorganic salt that is not only harmless to plants but also a substance required by plants. It can provide nutrition for plants, achieve the effect of killing two birds with one stone, and effectively improve the survival rate of bud grafting; from the perspective of the placement position, there will still be a small amount of glue residue at the wound of the lower part, which has a partial effect on the survival rate, slightly lower than the treatment of 1 cm below the bud interface. In summary, the best treatment is to place the bud piece 1 cm below the bud interface, and use calcium chloride powder as a coagulant, and the bud grafting survival rate exceeds 80%.

[0036] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree budding, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1. Treatment of bud interface: Use a rubber tree as a rootstock, open a bud interface on the bark, and then apply calcium chloride to cover the glue outlet at the edge of the bud interface. After the glue at the glue outlet solidifies, spray fungicide and cytokinin on the bud interface; Wherein, the rubber tree is a rubber tree with an age of more than 4 years; the shape of the bud interface is "triangle"; S2. Bud grafting: Place the bud to be grafted 1-2 cm away from the lower incision of the rootstock and 0.5-1 cm away from the left and right incisions of the rootstock, and seal and fix.

2. A method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree budding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the rubber tree budding time is from September to November.

3. A method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree budding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the bud pieces come from a bud collection nursery or a large tree, are 2.5-3.5 cm long, and 1.0-1.5 cm wide; the bud pieces have branches with 2-4 leaf buds, are 0.5-2.0 cm thick, and need to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds.

4. A method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree budding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the types of fungicides include: carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and difenoconazole, and the concentration used is 500-1500 times of 50% powder.

5. A method for improving the survival rate of rubber tree budding according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the types of cytokinins include: kinetin (KT) and 6-benzyladenine, and the concentration used is 5-15 mg / L.

Images