A method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of budding of large rubber trees, and specifically to a method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees, which includes the following steps: S1. Use a large rubber tree as the rootstock, make a budding opening on the bark, then apply and cover calcium chloride on the gumming part at the edge of the budding opening, and after the glue at the gumming part solidifies, spray a fungicide and a cytokinin at the budding opening; S2. Place the bud piece to be grafted at a position 1-2 cm away from the lower cut of the rootstock and 0.5-1 cm away from each of the left and right cuts of the rootstock, and then seal and fix it. The method for budding large rubber trees provided by the present invention can significantly shorten the breeding time and reduce the production cost. For example, for the establishment of a rubber tree seed orchard, it takes at least 6 years from seedling raising to being able to harvest seeds, while through the large-tree grafting technology, seed collection can be achieved in only 3 years, significantly shortening the seed collection period and saving time costs and management costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of budding of large rubber trees, and specifically relates to a method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees. Background Art

[0002] The rubber tree is a crop with an economic life of more than 30 years. The quality of the seedlings affects the yield and economic benefits throughout the production cycle. Budding is an important part of rubber tree seedling breeding production. The purpose of the usual rubber tree budding is mainly for the production and propagation of seedlings. The existing rubber budding techniques mainly bud on rootstocks less than 2 years old or seedling plants with a seedling age of about 30 days. And existing research has proved that the survival rate of budding on 1-year-old rootstocks is significantly higher than that on 2-year-old rootstocks. In the face of the conversion of large trees in the seed orchard or the transformation of low-yield forests, the tree age is more than 4 years old and the tree trunks are relatively large. There are many problems affecting the survival rate of budding, including excessive glue at the incision, many large pathogens on the budding surface, and difficult wound healing, etc. If the budding technique of small seedlings is continued to be used, the survival rate is almost zero. Therefore, there is currently no method for budding large rubber trees. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Treatment of the budding interface: Use a large rubber tree as the rootstock, make a budding interface on the bark, and then apply and cover calcium chloride on the glue oozing part at the edge of the budding interface. After the glue at the glue oozing part solidifies (about 3 - 10 minutes), spray a fungicide and a cytokinin at the budding interface;

[0006] Among them, the large rubber tree is a rubber tree with a tree age of more than 4 years; the shape of the budding interface is "triangle";

[0007] S2. Budding: Place the bud piece to be grafted at a position 1 - 2 cm away from the lower incision of the rootstock and 0.5 - 1 cm away from the left and right incisions of the rootstock, and seal and fix it.

[0008] Further, in step S1, the calcium chloride is industrial-grade calcium chloride powder.

[0009] Further, in step S1, the budding time of the large rubber tree is from September to November.

[0010] Further, in step S1, the bud pieces are from a cutting orchard or a large tree, with a length of 2.5 - 3.5 cm and a width of 1.0 - 1.5 cm; the bud pieces have branches with 2 - 4 leaf clusters, a thickness of 0.5 - 2.0 cm, and it is necessary to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds.

[0011] Further, in step S1, the types of the fungicides include: carbendazim, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, and the usage concentration is 500 - 1500 times of the 50% powder.

[0012] Further, in step S1, the types of the cytokinins include: kinetin (KT), 6 - benzyladenine, and the usage concentration is 5 - 15 mg / L.

[0013] Further, in step S2, the method of sealing and fixing is: select a plastic film with a width of 2 - 3 cm and a thickness of 3 filaments for wrapping, and wrap the wound tightly to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0014] Further, after budding in step S2, it is necessary to remove the binding, and the method is: 30 - 40 days after budding, gently cut the film with a craft knife, and slowly tear the film off from one end.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. The present invention realizes high - survival - rate budding of large rubber trees for the first time, which can significantly shorten the breeding time and reduce the production cost. For example, the establishment of a rubber tree seed orchard takes at least 6 years from seedling cultivation to being able to harvest seeds, while through the large - tree grafting technology, seed collection can be achieved in only 3 years, significantly shortening the seed - collection period and saving time cost and management cost.

[0017] 2. The method provided by the present invention can also be used for the transformation of low - yield forests. In the process of rubber tree planting, it generally takes 9 years from conventional seedling cultivation to being able to start tapping rubber, while through the transformation of large - tree low - yield forests, rubber tapping can be carried out in 4 - 5 years, greatly saving the production cost.

[0018] 3. In the process of the method for budding large rubber trees of the present invention, calcium chloride is used. Calcium chloride not only plays a role in solidifying the glue, but also can supplement calcium elements for plants, improve the disease - resistance and stress - resistance of crops, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and promote healthy growth.

[0019] 4. The present invention uses a "triangle" bud interface to replace the traditional "sword - shaped" bud interface. The traditional "sword - shaped" bud interface requires the lower part of the bud piece to be covered by the bark. The main consideration is to protect the bud piece from losing water, but for large rubber trees, this will have the opposite effect, and it will be very difficult for the bark at the lower opening to recover, resulting in unsuccessful budding. The "triangle" bud interface used in the present invention, combined with calcium chloride, can help large rubber trees recover the budding wound, reduce glue pollution, and improve the budding survival rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a survival diagram of budding on big trees for the method of the present invention; it can be seen that the bud shoots normally and the bud interface heals well.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a budding result diagram when natural air drying is used in Example 1; it can be seen that the entire budding surface is severely contaminated by the glue discharged from the incision, and the budding cannot survive.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a budding result diagram when the bud interface is in the traditional "sword" shape in Example 1; it can be seen that the wound on the big tree is difficult to heal, damaging the big tree, the bud piece is pressed inside the bark, and the glue and germs are severely contaminated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Select 7-year-old rubber tree mixed open-pollinated seed orchards (varieties include Reyan 8-79, Reyan 7-33-97, Rekan 628, Yunyan 80-1983), and conduct budding during the dry season from September to November to reduce the impact of rain on the budding survival rate; the bud pieces are all placed 1 cm below the bud interface, and at the same time, the bud interface is sprayed with a mixture of 50% carbendazim (1000 times) and cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (10 mg / L). Different treatment settings: Two budding opening methods are adopted, namely the traditional "sword" shape opening method and the triangle shape; two rubber latex coagulation methods are selected, namely natural air drying coagulation and adding calcium chloride coagulant. Unbind and observe and record 35 days after budding: the recovery of the bud interface, the glue contamination rate, and the budding survival rate. Among them, the investigation standard for the budding survival rate is that the bud piece does not show withering or blackening, and the bud piece and the bud interface heal well, which is judged as successful budding.

[0026] Among them, the bud pieces are from the cutting orchard, with a length of 2.5 - 3.5 cm and a width of 1.0 - 1.5 cm; the bud pieces have branches with 2 - 4 leaf clusters, a thickness of 0.5 - 2.0 cm, and it is necessary to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds. The "triangle" opening method specifically means making a budding opening at a suitable position on the rootstock according to the size of the bud piece. Use a double-edged knife to make a horizontal cut from the vertex on both sides, and the depth of the cut is only to cut through the phloem of the tree without damaging the xylem. Then make a triangle horizontally and slowly remove the bark at the middle part of the bud interface, and pay attention not to touch the exposed xylem with your hand; the traditional "sword" opening method specifically means making an opening according to the triangle opening method first, and then making a short vertical cut about 0.5 - 1.5 cm downward at the midpoint of the lower side line of the triangle. Use a knife to gently peel a small opening on the upper bark of the short line so that the lower 0.5 cm of the bud piece can be placed in the bark. The method of natural air drying and solidification specifically means that the glue at the bud interface flows naturally, and when no new glue comes out, it is regarded as natural solidification. There is a problem that only the surface solidifies while the middle part of the glue does not solidify thoroughly; the method of adding calcium chloride coagulant specifically means using calcium chloride to smear and cover the glue outlet at the edge of the bud interface. The edge is ≤ 0.5 cm in the direction of placing the bud piece and ≤ 1 cm in the direction of the bark, and it is evenly covered. After the glue solidifies, carbendazim and 6-benzyladenine are sprayed again.

[0027] Comparison of the recovery of the bud interface, glue contamination rate and budding survival rate

[0028]

[0029] The test results show that for the traditional "sword" budding opening method, the lower wound is too large and difficult to recover, which has a great impact on the budding survival rate; using calcium chloride coagulant can reduce the glue contamination rate to less than 20%, and the gel effect is significant. At the same time, the budding survival rate is also significantly improved. Adopting the "triangle" budding opening method and adding calcium chloride coagulant can increase the budding survival rate from 0% to 85%, and the effect is extremely significantly improved.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] Select low-yield rubber tree forests that are 10 years old for variety improvement. Budding is carried out from September to November. The budding method uses a triangular opening method. At the same time, the budding interfaces are all sprayed with a mixture of 50% carbendazim (1000 times) and cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (10 mg / L). The treatments are set as follows: There are 2 ways to place the bud chips, close to the lower part of the budding interface and 1 cm away from the lower part of the budding interface (Note: For the solidified glue in both ways, no treatment is required to prevent the fresh glue from coming out again); Three commonly used latex coagulants for producing latex products are selected, namely formic acid (concentration at 50%), microbial inoculant (concentration 60%), and calcium chloride powder. 35 days after budding, untie and observe and record: the recovery of the budding interface, the glue contamination rate, and the budding survival rate. The investigation standard for the budding survival rate is that the bud chip does not show withering or blackening, and the bud chip and the budding interface are well healed, which is judged as successful budding.

[0032] Among them, the bud chips are from big trees, 2.5 - 3.5 cm long and 1.0 - 1.5 cm wide; the bud chips have branches with 2 - 4 leaf clusters, with a thickness of 0.5 - 2.0 cm, and it is necessary to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds. The specific "equilateral triangle" opening method is to make a budding opening at a suitable position on the rootstock according to the size of the bud chip. Use a double-edged knife to make a horizontal cut from the vertex on both sides. The cutting depth is only to cut through the phloem of the tree without damaging the xylem, and then make a horizontal triangle and slowly remove the bark at the middle part of the budding interface. Note that the hand should not touch the exposed xylem. The specific method of formic acid coagulation is that after the budding interface is opened, immediately use a small sprayer filled with 50% to spray on the glue at the edge of the budding interface, and pay attention not to spray on the xylem where the bud chip is placed in the middle. It can be done in small amounts and multiple times until it solidifies; the coagulation method of 60% microbial inoculant is the same as that of formic acid coagulation; the method of adding calcium chloride coagulant is to use calcium chloride to smear and cover the place where the glue oozes out at the edge of the budding interface. The edge is ≤ 0.5 cm in the direction of the placed bud chip and ≤ 1 cm in the direction of the bark, and cover it evenly. After the glue solidifies, spray carbendazim and 6-benzyladenine.

[0033] Comparison of the recovery of the budding interface, the glue contamination rate, and the budding survival rate

[0034]

[0035] The test results show that all three coagulants are effective in solidifying the glue and can effectively reduce the glue pollution rate. However, formic acid and microorganisms will slow down the wound healing of the bud interface and prevent successful budding. Calcium chloride is an inorganic salt that not only does no harm to plants but is also a substance required by plants, providing nutrients for plants and achieving a two-in-one effect, effectively improving the budding survival rate. From the perspective of the placement location, there will still be a small amount of glue residue when it is closely attached to the wound at the lower part, which has a partial impact on the survival rate and is slightly lower than the treatment 1 cm below the bud interface. In summary, the best treatment is to place the bud piece 1 cm below the bud interface and use calcium chloride powder as the coagulant, with a budding survival rate exceeding 80%.

[0036] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be changed within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge in related fields. Any changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of budding on large rubber trees, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Treatment of the bud interface: Use a large rubber tree as the rootstock, make a bud interface on the bark, then apply and cover calcium chloride on the bleeding part at the edge of the bud interface. The coverage area is ≤ 0.5 cm in the direction of the bud chip and ≤ 1 cm in the direction of the bark, and evenly cover. After the glue at the bleeding part solidifies, spray a fungicide and a cytokinin at the bud interface; Among them, the large rubber tree is a rubber tree with a tree age of more than 4 years; the shape of the bud interface is "triangle"; S2. Budding: Place the bud chip to be grafted at a position 1 - 2 cm from the lower cut of the rootstock and 0.5 - 1 cm from each of the left and right cuts of the rootstock, and then seal and fix it; In step S2, the bud chip is from a scion nursery or a large tree, with a length of 2.5 - 3.5 cm and a width of 1.0 - 1.5 cm; the bud chip has a branch with 2 - 4 leaf clusters, a thickness of 0.5 - 2.0 cm, and it is necessary to avoid leaf buds and scale buds other than dense node buds.

2. The method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the budding time of the large rubber tree is from September to November.

3. The method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the types of the fungicide include: carbendazim, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, and the usage concentration is 500 - 1500 times of the 50% powder.

4. A method for improving the survival rate of budding of large rubber trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the types of the cytokinin include: kinetin, 6-benzyladenine, and the usage concentration is 5 - 15 mg / L.

Images