A management method for enhancing the frost resistance of coconut trees

Abstract

The present invention provides a management method for enhancing the frost resistance of coconut trees, which relates to the technical field of coconut cultivation. The management method is to configure an antifreeze agent with brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil, nanocrystalline xylan, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and cooked rice slurry. The antifreeze agent is diluted 30-50 times and sprayed on the tree heads and branches and leaves of coconut trees, and diluted 10-15 times and sprayed on the trunks and roots of coconut trees. The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and effectively improves the frost and cold resistance effect of coconut trees through a new spraying and management method of the antifreeze agent, reduces the flower and fruit dropping of coconut trees after winter, prevents fruit cracking and deformed fruits, and reduces the loss of coconut fresh fruits that can be sold during the peak tourist season in the free trade port of coconut trees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coconut cultivation, and specifically relates to a management method for enhancing the frost resistance of coconut trees. Background Art

[0002] Coconuts are typical tropical crops.

[0003] In the coconut cultivation areas of Hainan Island, there are cold-resistant coconut cultivation areas, high-temperature and humid coconut cultivation areas, and semi-arid coconut cultivation areas. The total area of coconut cultivation accounts for 98% of the country, and 0.7% in the Asian region. During the existing coconut cultivation process, phenomena such as flower and fruit dropping, fruit cracking in the middle and late stages, and serious deformation of small fruits occur during continuous low temperatures, seriously affecting the yield and quality.

[0004] Generally, when the temperature difference between day and night is large during coconut cultivation or when the temperature is continuously below 15°C for more than 5 consecutive days, it will cause frost damage to the coconuts. For coconut trees that bear fruit after frost damage, it will cause coconut flower and fruit dropping, and cracking of the coconut fruit stalk and the lower part of the fruit, affecting the yield and coconut quality. It will also cause the growth of coconut trees to decline, and seriously affect the yield of the coming year.

[0005] Based on the above frost damage, the existing prevention and control methods are mainly the smoke fumigation method. Generally, materials such as wheat bran, crushed grass scraps, and straw are ignited in the orchard (one pile for every 10 plants), and the temperature in the orchard is increased by using the microclimate environment formed by the smoke to prevent fruit trees from suffering from frost damage. Generally, it is carried out 1-2 times a week at low temperatures, and each time for half an hour; although this method can effectively prevent frost damage to coconut trees, it is complicated to operate and restricted by the wind direction and terrain; at present, for preventing frost damage to coconut trees, spraying an evaporation inhibitor and heat preservation agent on the tree crown is mostly used to achieve the anti-freezing effect. The existing evaporation inhibitor and heat preservation agent are mainly composed of a film-forming agent, a moisturizing agent, and an anti-freezing agent. The overall anti-freezing effect is mainly affected by the climate. If the continuous low-temperature weather lasts for a long time, the overall anti-freezing effect is not obvious. Based on this, researching and developing a new anti-freezing product to treat coconuts for the phenomenon that coconuts are easily damaged by frost in winter is an important research direction for improving the yield and quality of coconuts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a management method for enhancing the frost resistance of coconut trees, which effectively improves the frost resistance and cold protection effect of coconut trees through a new antifreeze spraying and management method, reduces the flower and fruit dropping of coconut trees after winter, prevents fruit cracking and deformed fruits, and reduces the loss of coconut fresh fruits that can be sold during the peak tourist season in the Free Trade Port.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A management method for enhancing the frost resistance of coconut trees, the management method includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Prepare the antifreeze according to the following formula: brassinolide 60 - 80 mg / L + α-phellandrene 50 - 60 mg / L + citrus essential oil 30 - 60 mL / L + nanocrystalline xylan 10 - 12 g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 - 30 g / L, and the rest is cooked rice slurry;

[0010] S2. Management of tree tops and branches: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze 30 - 50 times and spray it on the tree tops and branches of coconut trees, and spray it once every 10 - 15 days;

[0011] S3. Root management: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze 10 - 15 times, spray it on the trunks and roots of coconut trees, and spray it once every 7 - 10 days.

[0012] Preferably, the cooked rice slurry in step S1 is prepared by mixing rice and water according to a material-liquid mass ratio of 1∶80 - 100, grinding them, and then boiling for 10 - 15 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of the antifreeze in step S1 includes the following steps:

[0014] S1-1. Mix brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil, and nanocrystalline xylan evenly and set aside as a mixture;

[0015] S1-2. Mix the above mixture with the cooked rice slurry according to a mass ratio of 1∶8 - 10, and then stir and homogenize at a high speed of 1200 - 2000 r / min for 10 - 15 minutes to obtain a mixed emulsion for standby;

[0016] S1-3. Mix the mixed emulsion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the remaining cooked rice slurry evenly to obtain the antifreeze.

[0017] Preferably, the dosage of the antifreeze diluted in step S2 for spraying on the tree tops and branches of coconut trees is 500 - 800 mL / plant.

[0018] Preferably, the first spraying of the antifreeze in step S2 is when the lowest temperature of the climate is less than 20°C.

[0019] Preferably, the amount of the antifreeze diluted in step S3 for spraying on the trunks and roots of coconut trees is 250 - 500 mL / plant.

[0020] Preferably, the first spraying of the antifreeze in step S3 is when the lowest temperature of the climate is less than 15°C.

[0021] Preferably, in step S3, before winter, surround the roots of coconut trees with withered grass / leaves in a circle.

[0022] The present invention provides a management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees, and the advantages compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0023] (1) The present invention uses brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil, nanocrystalline xylan, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and cooked rice slurry as the formula of the antifreeze agent, which can form a protective film after spraying, effectively reduce water transpiration. At the same time, brassinolide and α-phellandrene can further improve the antifreeze effect of coconut trees through the slow release of nanocrystalline xylan, reduce the impact of low temperature on coconut trees, reduce the phenomenon of flower and fruit drop, and the addition of α-phellandrene and citrus essential oil can effectively prevent the cracking of subsequent large fruits and improve the quality of coconut tree fruits.

[0024] (2) When spraying the antifreeze agent in the present invention, a lower concentration of the antifreeze agent is used to spray the branches and leaves of the tree head, which can conduct preliminary heat preservation protection on the branches and leaves before the arrival of low temperature. And a higher concentration of the antifreeze agent is used to spray the trunk and roots, comprehensively improving the antifreeze effect. Compared with the existing technology of spraying antifreeze only on the branches and leaves of the tree head, it can further prevent early flower and fruit drop. At the same time, spraying the branches and leaves with a lower concentration of the antifreeze agent will not affect the flowering of coconut trees, and spraying the trunk and roots with a higher concentration of the antifreeze agent can ensure the overall antifreeze effect and comprehensively improve the quality of subsequent fruits. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the control group coconut trees on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the coconut trees in Experimental Group 1 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the coconut trees in Experimental Group 2 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the coconut trees in Experimental Group 3 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the coconut trees in Experimental Group 4 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the coconut trees in Experimental Group 5 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the coconut trees in Experimental Group 6 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the fruit-bearing situation of the coconut trees in Experimental Group 7 on March 7, 2025 in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] 1. Configure different antifreezes:

[0036] 1.1 Preparation of cooked rice slurry: Mix rice and water according to a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:90, grind them, and then boil for 15 min to obtain it.

[0037] 1.2 Preparation of xylan nanocrystals:

[0038] Preparation of xylan nanocrystals by acid hydrolysis: Mix xylan and a 2M HCl solution according to a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:30, react in a water bath at 60°C for 4 h, then add ice water to quench rapidly, and then centrifuge and dialyze to remove acid residues and then freeze-dry to obtain it.

[0039] 1.3 The formulations of different antifreezes are as shown in Table 1 below:

[0040] Table 1

[0041]

[0042] According to the formulations of each group, prepare according to the following preparation process:

[0043] (1) Mix brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil, and xylan nanocrystals / polyvinyl alcohol evenly as a mixture;

[0044] (2) Mix the mixture and the cooked rice slurry according to a mass ratio of 1:10, and then stir and homogenize at a high speed of 2000 r / min for 10 min to obtain a mixed emulsion;

[0045] (3) Mix the mixed emulsion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the remaining cooked rice slurry evenly to obtain the antifreezes of each group.

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] Select the coconut tree planting base in Fengmenling, Xinlong Town, Dongfang City as the experimental site. Select 80 coconut trees with a tree age of 10 years in the base as experimental materials, and divide them into 8 groups evenly, with 10 trees in each group. Different antifreezes and treatment methods are used to treat them in the winter of 2024, and in winter, dry grass / leaves are used to form a circle around the root of each tree; the following treatment methods are specifically set:

[0048] HD-1: Dilute the antifreeze by 30 times and spray it on the branches and leaves at the top of the coconut tree, and spray it once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 500 mL / plant each time; dilute the antifreeze by 15 times, spray it on the trunk and roots of the coconut tree, and spray it once every 7 days, with a spraying amount of 250 mL / plant each time;

[0049] HD-2: Dilute the antifreeze by 50 times and spray it on the branches and leaves at the top of the coconut tree, and spray it once every 10 days, with a spraying amount of 800 mL / plant each time; dilute the antifreeze by 10 times, spray it on the trunk and roots of the coconut tree, and spray it once every 10 days, with a spraying amount of 500 mL / plant each time;

[0050] HD-3: Dilute the antifreeze by 30 times and spray it on the branches and leaves at the top of the coconut tree, and spray it once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 500 mL / plant each time;

[0051] HD-4: Dilute the antifreeze by 10 times and spray it on the branches and leaves at the top of the coconut tree, and spray it once every 15 days, with a spraying amount of 500 mL / plant each time;

[0052] And the antifreezes and treatment methods adopted by each group set are as shown in Table 2 below:

[0053] The specific treatment methods are as shown in Table 2 below:

[0054] Table 2

[0055]

[0056] In December 2024, Dongfang City gradually began to enter winter. According to the temperature forecast, the first spray treatment on the branches and leaves at the top of the tree was carried out on November 9, and the first spraying on the trunk and roots of the coconut tree was carried out on December 14, 2025; observe the flowering and fruiting conditions of each group of coconut trees in February and early March 2025, and record the average number of fruits remaining on each tree, the average number of fallen fruits and the fruit growth conditions on each coconut tree in each group on February 28, 2025. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0057] Table 3

[0058]

[0059] Combined with Figure 1-8As can be seen from Table 3 above, in the control group, without using antifreeze treatment, most of the fruits fell off after winter, and there were also fewer new fruits growing after the weather gradually warmed up. When observed at the beginning of March, the newly grown fruits were overall slender and deformed fruits ( Figure 1 ); For the coconut trees in Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2, basically no fruits fell off, the overall fruit growth was uniform without cracks, and new fruits continued to grow when observed at the beginning of March. See Figures 2-3 for details; For the coconut trees in Experimental Group 3, relatively few fruits fell off, and there were slight crack phenomena in some fruits when observed at the beginning of March ( Figure 4 ); For the coconut trees in Experimental Group 4, relatively more fruits fell off, and there were obvious crack phenomena in the large fruits remaining when observed at the beginning of March ( Figure 5 ); For the coconut trees in Experimental Group 5, basically no fruits fell off, but the overall number of fruits set was also small, and there were some cracks in the overall fruit growth when observed at the beginning of March ( Figure 6 ); For Experimental Groups 6 - 7, relatively few fruits fell off overall, and the growth was relatively normal when observed at the beginning of March ( Figures 7-8 ), but the fruit setting situation was worse compared to Experimental Groups 1 - 2.

[0060] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees, characterized in that: The management method comprises the following steps: S1, prepare antifreeze according to the following formula: brassinolide 60-80mg / L + α-phellandrene 50-60mg / L + citrus essential oil 30-60mL / L + xylan nanocrystals 10-12g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-30g / L, and the rest is cooked rice syrup; The antifreeze solution preparation method comprises the following steps: S1-1, mixing brassinolide, α-phellandrene, citrus essential oil and xylan nanocrystals uniformly as a mixture for later use; S1-2, the above mixture is mixed with cooked rice pulp in a mass ratio of 1: 8-10, and then homogenized at a high speed of 1200-2000r / min for 10-15min to obtain a mixed emulsion for standby use; S1-3, uniformly mixing the mixed emulsion, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the remaining cooked rice slurry to obtain an antifreeze solution; S2. Management of tree branches and leaves: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze solution 30-50 times and spray it on the tree branches and leaves of coconut trees, and spray it once every 10-15 days; S3. Root management: Before winter, dilute the antifreeze 10-15 times and spray it on the trunk and roots of the coconut tree every 7-10 days.

2. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooked rice slurry in step S1 is prepared by mixing rice and water in a material-liquid mass ratio of 1:80-100, grinding and then boiling for 10-15 minutes.

3. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the amount of the diluted antifreeze solution used for spraying the tops, branches and leaves of coconut trees is 500-800 mL / tree.

4. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spraying of the antifreeze solution in step S2 is when the lowest temperature is less than 20°C.

5. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of the diluted antifreeze solution sprayed on the trunk and roots of the coconut trees is 250-500 mL / tree.

6. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spraying of the antifreeze solution in step S3 is when the lowest temperature of the climate is less than 15°C.

7. A management method for improving the frost resistance of coconut trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, before winter comes, dead grass / leaves are used to form a circle around the roots of the coconut trees.

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