Cucumber bag culture composite nutrition medium and preparation and water and fertilizer application method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a cucumber bag culture composite nutrition medium and a preparation method thereof. The medium is prepared from, by volume, 40%-50% of composted crop straw, 10% of composted sheep manure, 0-10% of turf, 20% of perlite and 20% of vermiculite, and 1.25 kg of calcium-containing fertilizer is added to per cubic meter of the medium. The volume weight of the bag culture composite nutrient medium is 0.29-0.36 g / cm < 3 >, the total porosity is 60.54%-66.49%, the ventilation porosity is 24.43%-30.75%, the water holding porosity is 35.73%-36.11%, the pH value is 8.02-8.2, the EC value is 1.17-1.46 mS / cm, the bag culture composite nutrient medium is suitable for cucumber growth, and the medium takes forestry and agricultural residues as main raw materials, and is low in cost, wide in source and good in application prospect. The invention further provides a water and fertilizer application method for cucumber bag culture by using the cucumber bag culture composite nutrient medium, standardized planting of cucumbers can be achieved, transportation is convenient, water and fertilizer retention is facilitated, and the requirements of the cucumbers for water and fertilizer in the growing period are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of facility agriculture, and particularly relates to a composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture and a preparation method thereof and a water and fertilizer application method. Background Art

[0002] Due to the specific location of the solar greenhouse, soil-borne diseases and other continuous cropping obstacles are getting worse year by year, affecting the quality and yield of the facility products. Soilless cultivation is an effective way to solve the current continuous cropping obstacles. At present, more than 100 countries and regions in the world use soilless cultivation technology for greenhouse crop production. Rock wool is widely used as a cultivation medium for crop cultivation, but the cost of waste rock wool treatment is high and pollutes the environment. Canada, Australia and other countries have developed ecological coconut bran substrates to replace rock wool, which are widely used in greenhouse vegetable production. Coconut bran is a by-product of the coconut shell processing coconut fiber process. Coconut shells contain natural salts. After washing and desalination, they are used. Excessive EC values ​​will cause plant roots to "burn roots". The coconut bran substrate products on the market that have been desalted and sterilized at high temperature are also relatively expensive. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, resource-rich composite nutrient substrate cultivation method with agricultural and forestry waste as the main raw material is currently a more suitable green and low-carbon soilless cultivation method.

[0003] At present, soilless cultivation methods mainly include trough cultivation (underground trenches, above-ground tidal troughs, etc.), barrel cultivation (conventional barrels, tidal barrels, etc.) and bag cultivation (non-woven bags, black and white two-color films, etc.). Among them, bag cultivation will become the main method of soilless cultivation of facility vegetables due to its advantages of standardized planting, easy transportation, water and fertilizer conservation, etc. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag cultivation and a preparation method and a method for applying water and fertilizer thereto in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The matrix uses agricultural and forestry waste as the main raw material, has low cost and a wide range of sources, can be used for cucumber bag cultivation to achieve standardized planting, is easy to transport and is beneficial to water and fertilizer conservation.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture, wherein the matrix formula is as follows by volume: 40% to 50% of decomposed crop straw, 10% of decomposed sheep manure, 0 to 10% of peat, 20% of perlite, 20% of vermiculite, and 1.25kg of calcium-containing fertilizer is added per cubic meter of the matrix; the Ca content of the calcium-containing fertilizer is ≥4%.

[0007] Preferably, the crop straws include cotton straws and reed straws in a ratio of 4:6.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Crush cotton straw and reed straw to a length of 2 to 3 mm, add urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, and keep the pile humidity at 60% to 65%. After sufficient stirring, perform natural aerobic fermentation, turn the pile every 7 to 10 days, add water according to the pile humidity, and end the composting when the pile temperature drops to the natural temperature. At this time, the germination index of the composted material is ≥50%, thereby obtaining mature crop straw.

[0010] S2, the decomposed crop straw obtained in S1 is evenly mixed with decomposed sheep manure, peat, perlite and vermiculite, and 1.25 kg of calcium fertilizer is added per cubic meter of substrate to obtain a composite nutrient substrate;

[0011] S3, bagging the composite nutrient matrix mixed in S2 to obtain a cucumber composite nutrient matrix cultivation bag.

[0012] Preferably, the cucumber soilless cultivation bag is made of PE black and white two-color film, with specifications of: 1m in length, 14-20cm in width, 10-12.5cm in height, each bag contains 17.5-20L of composite nutrient matrix, and can plant 4 cucumber seedlings.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for applying water and fertilizer to cucumber bag culture using the cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix, the steps of which are as follows:

[0014] (1) Watering: Use drop-arrow point-source irrigation. Water once a day in the seedling stage, 200-250 mL each time; water 2-3 times a day in the early fruiting stage, 125-150 mL each time; water 6 times a day in the full fruiting stage, 150-180 mL each time;

[0015] (2) Fertilization: Topdressing began 20 days after transplanting, with 3 g of special compound fertilizer for cucumber applied every 7 days. During the early stage of cucumber production, 3 g of special compound fertilizer for cucumber applied every 5 days. During the peak stage of cucumber production, 3 g of special compound fertilizer for cucumber applied every 4 days. Topdressing was stopped one week before transplanting. The nutrient element contents of the special compound fertilizer for cucumber production were N19%, P2O5 19%, and K2O 19%.

[0016] The present invention provides a cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix and a preparation method thereof and a water and fertilizer application method, which has the following significant technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] (1) The cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix uses agricultural and forestry waste resources as the main raw material, accounting for about 50% to 60% of the entire formula raw materials. It has a wide range of sources and relatively low costs. During use, it reduces the pollution of agricultural and forestry waste to the environment and can realize the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste.

[0018] (2) In the process of raw material crushing, ultrafine crushing technology is used, and straw materials can be crushed to 2-3 mm, which increases the contact surface of materials during the straw matrix composting fermentation process and is beneficial to increasing the matrix fermentation temperature.

[0019] (3) The bulk density of the composite nutrient matrix for bag culture is 0.29-0.36 g / cm 3 The total porosity is between 60.54% and 66.49%, the aeration pores are between 24.43% and 30.75%, the water-holding pores are between 35.73% and 36.11%, the pH is between 8.02 and 8.2, and the EC value is between 1.17 and 1.46 mS / cm. After two trials, the physical and chemical properties of the matrix are suitable for cucumber growth.

[0020] (4) The present invention adopts bag-type cultivation of cucumbers. The cultivation bags have good water and fertilizer retention effects. The irrigation system adopts electromagnetic valves and timers to operate synchronously. Irrigation and topdressing can achieve regular and quantitative supply, realize high-frequency irrigation, and ensure the water and fertilizer needs of cucumbers during the growth period.

[0021] (5) Compared with the conventional peat, vermiculite, and perlite (3:1:1) composite matrix, the number of cucumbers per plant in the composite nutrient matrix of the present invention increases by 23.8% to 39.7%, and the total yield per plant increases by 29.77% to 47.02%. In addition, since the content of decomposed crop straw in the composite nutrient matrix formula of the present invention can account for 40% to 50%, and the total content of agricultural and forestry waste can account for 50% to 60%, the material source is wide and the cost is relatively low, the use of peat in conventional matrices can be effectively reduced or replaced, and the application prospect is good.

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Example 1

[0024] The present embodiment is a composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture, wherein the matrix formula is as follows by volume: 40% decomposed crop straw (40% cotton straw, 60% reed straw), 10% decomposed sheep manure, 10% peat, 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite, and 1.25 kg of calcium-containing fertilizer (Ca≥4%) is added per cubic meter of matrix.

[0025] The preparation method of the composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1. Crush cotton straw and reed straw to a length of 2 to 3 mm, add urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, and keep the pile humidity at 60% to 65%. After sufficient stirring, perform natural aerobic fermentation, turn the pile every 7 to 10 days, add water according to the pile humidity, and end the composting when the pile temperature drops to the natural temperature. At this time, the germination index of the composted material is ≥50%, thereby obtaining mature crop straw.

[0027] S2, mixing the decomposed crop straw obtained in S1 with decomposed sheep manure, peat, perlite and vermiculite, and adding 1.25 kg of calcium fertilizer (Ca ≥ 4%) per cubic meter of substrate to obtain a composite nutrient substrate;

[0028] S3. Bag the composite nutrient matrix mixed in S2 to obtain a cucumber composite nutrient matrix cultivation bag; the cucumber soilless cultivation bag is made of PE black and white two-color film with specifications of: 1m long, 14cm wide, and 12.5cm high. Each bag contains 17.5L of composite nutrient matrix and can be used to plant 4 cucumber seedlings.

[0029] This embodiment also provides a method for applying water and fertilizer to cucumber bag culture using the above cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix, the steps are as follows:

[0030] (1) Watering: Use drop-arrow point-source irrigation, water once a day in the seedling stage, 200 mL each time; water twice a day in the early fruiting stage, 150 mL each time; water six times a day in the full fruiting stage, 150 mL each time;

[0031] (2) Fertilization: Start topdressing 20 days after transplanting. Apply 3g of special compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N 19%, P2O5 19%, K2O 19%) to each cucumber plant every 7 days. Apply 3g of special compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to each cucumber plant every 5 days during the early fruiting stage. Apply 3g of special compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to each cucumber plant every 4 days during the peak fruiting stage. Stop topdressing one week before pulling out the vines.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The present embodiment is a composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture, wherein the matrix formula is as follows by volume: 50% of decomposed crop straw (40% of cotton straw and 60% of reed straw), 10% of decomposed sheep manure, 20% of perlite, and 20% of vermiculite, and 1.25 kg of calcium-containing fertilizer (Ca≥4%) is added per cubic meter of matrix.

[0034] The preparation method of the composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. Crush cotton straw and reed straw to a length of 2 to 3 mm, add urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, and keep the pile humidity at 60% to 65%. After sufficient stirring, perform natural aerobic fermentation, turn the pile every 7 to 10 days, add water according to the pile humidity, and end the composting when the pile temperature drops to the natural temperature. At this time, the germination index of the composted material is ≥50%, thereby obtaining mature crop straw.

[0036] S2, mixing the decomposed crop straw obtained in S1 with decomposed sheep manure, perlite and vermiculite, and adding 1.25 kg of calcium fertilizer (Ca≥4%) per cubic meter of substrate to obtain a composite nutrient substrate;

[0037] S3. Bag the composite nutrient matrix mixed in S2 to obtain a cucumber composite nutrient matrix cultivation bag; the cucumber soilless cultivation bag is made of PE black and white two-color film with specifications of: 1m long, 20cm wide, and 10cm high. Each bag contains 20L of composite nutrient matrix and can plant 4 cucumber seedlings.

[0038] This embodiment also provides a method for applying water and fertilizer to cucumber bag culture using the above cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix, the steps are as follows:

[0039] (1) Watering: Use drop-arrow point-source irrigation, water once a day in the seedling stage, 250 mL each time; water three times a day in the early fruiting stage, 125 mL each time; water six times a day in the full fruiting stage, 180 mL each time;

[0040] (2) Fertilization: Start topdressing 20 days after transplanting. Apply 3g of special compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N 19%, P2O5 19%, K2O 19%) to each cucumber plant every 7 days. Apply 3g of special compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to each cucumber plant every 5 days during the early fruiting stage. Apply 3g of special compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to each cucumber plant every 4 days during the peak fruiting stage. Stop topdressing one week before pulling out the vines.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] In this example, cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix of the present invention and conventional peat vermiculite perlite (3:1:1) matrix were used to culture cucumbers in bags, and the fruit yield and quality were analyzed.

[0043] First, the test results of the physical and chemical properties of the cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix of the present invention and the conventional peat vermiculite perlite (3:1:1) matrix are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1 Physicochemical properties of the composite nutrient matrix of the present invention

[0045]

[0046] Cucumber bag culture was carried out using the cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix of the present invention and the conventional peat vermiculite perlite (3:1:1) matrix, and the fruit yield and quality analysis results are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Table 2 Analysis of fruit yield of cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix of the present invention

[0048]

[0049] The results show that the bulk density of the composite nutrient matrix for bag culture of the present invention is between 0.29 and 0.36 g / cm 3 The total porosity is between 60.54% and 66.49%, the ventilation pores are between 24.43% and 30.75%, the water-holding pores are between 35.73% and 36.11%, the pH is between 8.02 and 8.2, and the conductivity EC value is between 1.17 and 1.46 mS / cm. Two tests have proved that the physical and chemical properties of the matrix are more suitable for cucumber growth. Compared with the conventional peat vermiculite perlite matrix, the composite nutrient matrix of the present invention increases the number of cucumbers per plant by 23.8% to 39.7%, and the total yield per plant by 29.77% to 47.02%.

[0050] The cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix of the present invention can reduce or replace the use of peat in conventional matrices. The content of decomposed crop straw in the composite matrix formula can account for 40% to 50%, and the total content of agricultural and forestry wastes can account for 50% to 60%. Since the composite nutrient matrix material has a wide source and a relatively low cost, it has a good application prospect.

[0051] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture, characterized in that: The matrix formula is as follows by volume: 40% to 50% of decomposed crop straw, 10% of decomposed sheep manure, 0 to 10% of peat, 20% of perlite, and 20% of vermiculite. 1.25 kg of calcium-containing fertilizer is added per cubic meter of the matrix; the Ca content of the calcium-containing fertilizer is ≥4%.

2. A cucumber bag culture composite nutrient matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop straws include cotton straws and reed straws in a ratio of 4:

6.

3. A method for preparing the composite nutrient matrix for cucumber bag culture as claimed in claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Crush cotton straw and reed straw to a length of 2 to 3 mm, add urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1, and adjust the humidity of the pile to 60% to 65%. After sufficient stirring, aerobic fermentation is carried out in a natural state. During this period, the pile is turned every 7 to 10 days, and water is added according to the humidity of the pile. When the temperature of the pile drops to the natural temperature, the composting ends. At this time, the germination index of the composted material is ≥50%, and the mature crop straw is obtained; S2, the decomposed crop straw obtained in S1 is evenly mixed with decomposed sheep manure, peat, perlite and vermiculite, and 1.25 kg of calcium fertilizer is added per cubic meter of substrate to obtain a composite nutrient substrate; S3, bagging the composite nutrient matrix mixed in S2 to obtain a cucumber composite nutrient matrix cultivation bag.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The cucumber soilless cultivation bag is made of PE black and white two-color film, with specifications of: 1m in length, 14-20cm in width, 10-12.5cm in height, and each bag contains 17.5-20L of composite nutrient matrix, which can be used to plant 4 cucumber seedlings.

5. A method for applying water and fertilizer for cucumber bag cultivation using the cucumber bag cultivation composite nutrient matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) Watering: Use drop-arrow point-source irrigation. Water once a day in the seedling stage, 200-250 mL each time; water 2-3 times a day in the early fruiting stage, 125-150 mL each time; water 6 times a day in the full fruiting stage, 150-180 mL each time; (2) Fertilization: Topdressing began 20 days after transplanting, with 3 g of special compound fertilizer for cucumber applied every 7 days. During the early stage of cucumber production, 3 g of special compound fertilizer for cucumber applied every 5 days. During the peak stage of cucumber production, 3 g of special compound fertilizer for cucumber applied every 4 days. Topdressing was stopped one week before transplanting. The nutrient element contents of the special compound fertilizer for cucumber production were N19%, P2O5 19%, and K2O 19%.

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