Soilless culture method for peach trees and its use

Abstract

The application discloses a soilless culture method of peach trees and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture of plants. The application relies on water and fertilizer control, has a high natural flowering rate, and has no residual risk. In addition, the application can provide more sufficient mineral nutrients for the peach trees, create a better rhizosphere environment for the peach trees, is favorable for disease and pest control, has good fruit quality, and has a simple planting method. Meanwhile, the application avoids physiological obstacles caused by continuous cropping obstacles of facility peaches and soil salt accumulation, realizes commercial and pollution-free production of the facility peaches, has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer saving, environmental protection and high efficiency, and has a wide popularization and application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soilless plant cultivation technology, and more specifically to a soilless cultivation method for peach trees and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Soilless cultivation refers to a cultivation method that does not use natural soil, but instead plants are grown in an aqueous solution containing dissolved minerals or a certain substrate, and nutrient solutions are regularly applied to provide the crops with mineral nutrition. Soilless cultivation effectively overcomes soil-borne diseases and soil salinization problems, solves soil limitations, avoids various problems caused by continuous cropping, and also reduces soil pollution, avoiding soil pollution caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It greatly improves production efficiency, reduces resource waste, and promotes increased plant yields and income. It is a new type of agricultural planting method.

[0003] Currently, both liquid culture and substrate culture methods for hydroponics require changing the nutrient solution formula according to the different mineral nutrient requirements of crops at different growth stages. This necessitates specialized fertilizer dispensing devices, facilities for regularly irrigating the nutrient solution, and regular testing of the nutrient solution. The required facilities are complex and technically challenging, making it difficult for ordinary people to master. Furthermore, hydroponics requires significant investment in automated water and fertilizer preparation and irrigation systems. Due to these stringent technical barriers and high investment costs, widespread production is difficult. Currently in my country, hydroponics is mainly used for scientific research and agritourism, and is unlikely to be truly popularized in ordinary agricultural production. Moreover, current hydroponics methods have limitations on the types of plants that can be grown. Commonly used plants are mainly vegetables, flowers, and plants like Dracaena fragrans, while there are few reports of hydroponics cultivation of plants like peach trees.

[0004] Therefore, providing a soilless cultivation method for peach trees that is simple to operate, low in cost, requires no complicated facilities, and is suitable for ordinary agricultural production is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a soilless cultivation method for peach trees and its application. This invention relies on water and fertilizer control, resulting in a high natural flowering rate and no residue risk. Furthermore, the invention provides peach trees with more abundant mineral nutrients, creates a better rhizosphere environment, facilitates pest and disease control, produces high-quality fruit, and simplifies the planting method. It also avoids the physiological obstacles caused by continuous cropping in greenhouse peach or soil salinity accumulation, enabling the commercial, pollution-free production of greenhouse peaches. It features water conservation, fertilizer saving, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and low cost, and has broad prospects for widespread application.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A soilless cultivation method for peach trees includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Selection of substrate and container: Select a substrate with good air permeability and soil fixation, and a container with good air permeability for use;

[0009] (2) Planting of seedlings: Fill the container with substrate and plant the peach seedlings in the container. After planting, cover the substrate with a layer of loose, breathable, non-water-conducting river sand or coarse fiber coconut coir.

[0010] (3) Water management after planting: Irrigate once after planting, and then carry out water management. During the water management process, drought stress is applied from mid-July to mid-August after the young trees are planted and during the ripening period of the fruit trees.

[0011] (4) Fertilizer management after transplanting: After transplanting, when the new shoots of the peach seedlings have grown to 3-5cm, fertilizer management should begin, and bagged controlled-release fertilizer should be applied.

[0012] Preferably, the substrate in step (1) is a mixture of river sand and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:0.5-1; or a mixture of coarse coconut coir and fine coconut coir in a volume ratio of 1:0.6-1; and the container has ventilation holes at the bottom and lower side.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the above operation are as follows: Although river sand alone is loose and breathable and can meet the needs of daily production, it has poor water retention capacity. Mixing river sand and vermiculite in the above volume ratio results in good air permeability and water retention.

[0014] Preferably, the total amount of substrate filling in step (2) is: filling to 5-10cm from the top edge of the container; the process of planting the peach seedlings is as follows: first, fill the container with 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total amount of substrate filling, then place the seedling roots on the surface of the filled substrate, then fill the remaining substrate, and finally cover the surface of the substrate with a 3-5cm layer of river sand or coarse fiber coconut coir.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the above operation are that the surface covering of river sand and coarse fiber coconut coir is loose and breathable, and controls the outward conduction of moisture.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of water irrigated each time after transplanting is controlled to ensure that the substrate absorbs water fully without excess water seeping out; after transplanting, the timing of the next irrigation and the total irrigation frequency are determined based on whether water can be squeezed out from the substrate within a 5cm range on the surface; the degree of drought stress is based on the principle that the above-ground parts do not wilt.

[0017] Preferably, the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer in step (4) includes bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2, with the following specific components and weights:

[0018] Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer formula 1:

[0019] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 30-40:1 mixture;

[0020] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 3.5-4:1:4-5;

[0021] ③ Borax decahydrate: Manganese sulfate monohydrate: Zinc sulfate heptahydrate: Copper sulfate pentahydrate: Sodium molybdate dihydrate = 130-140: 100-110: 10-11: 4: 1 mixture;

[0022] Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer formula 2:

[0023] ① A mixture of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium nitrate, and chelated iron in a ratio of 60:5:2;

[0024] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 6:2:5;

[0025] ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11-11.5: 30-31: 36-37: 3-3.5: 2 (mixture);

[0026] When using, mix ① according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g / bag, which is fertilizer bag A; mix ② and ③ according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g ② + 0.3g ③ / bag, which is fertilizer bag B.

[0027] Preferably, the fertilization plan can be determined according to different tree ages and different growth stages; alternatively, the fertilization plan can be determined based on the test of the substrate aqueous solution.

[0028] Further optimized fertilization plans, determined based on different tree ages and growth stages, are as follows:

[0029] For young trees: Apply controlled-release fertilizer in bags 5 times during one growth cycle.

[0030] The first application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer should be done 15-20 days after planting, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted saplings have grown to about 5cm.

[0031] The second application was in mid-May, using bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1;

[0032] The third application of bagged slow-release fertilizer was made in early July.

[0033] The fourth application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer was made in mid-August.

[0034] The fifth time, in early October, was the application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1;

[0035] For the fruit trees: apply controlled-release fertilizer in bags 7 times during one growth cycle.

[0036] The first application of bagged slow-release fertilizer was made from early March to before bud break.

[0037] The second application was in mid-April, after the flowers had fallen, using bagged slow-release fertilizer 2.

[0038] The third application of controlled-release fertilizer in bags was made in mid-May during the young fruit development period.

[0039] The fourth application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer is to be applied to early-maturing varieties during the fruit enlargement period in early June and to mid-late-maturing varieties during the fruit enlargement period in mid-June.

[0040] For the fifth time, apply bagged controlled-release fertilizer 2 at the beginning of July for early-maturing varieties and at the fruit color change to maturity period in mid-July for mid-late-maturing varieties;

[0041] The sixth time, after harvesting the fruit in mid-August, apply bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1;

[0042] The 7th application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer was made in early October before leaf fall.

[0043] A further preferred fertilization plan, determined based on the detection of the substrate aqueous solution, is as follows:

[0044] 15-20 days after planting, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted saplings have grown to about 3-5 cm, the first fertilization should be carried out, using bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1; for fruit-bearing trees, the first fertilization should be carried out from early March to before budding, using bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1.

[0045] About 20 to 30 days after fertilization, after sufficient irrigation, test the EC value of the substrate solution. If the EC value is >1.0, do not add fertilizer.

[0046] When 0.5≤EC value≤1.0, it depends on the growth stage of the peach tree. If it is in the critical period of fruit development and vigorous growth of new shoots, it is necessary to supplement with bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2. No fertilizer should be supplemented at other times.

[0047] When the EC value is <0.5, fertilizer should be supplemented. The appropriate fertilizer should be selected according to the tree age and time. For young trees, use bagged slow-release fertilizer 2 in July and August, and bagged slow-release fertilizer 1 in other periods. For fruit-bearing trees, use bagged slow-release fertilizer 2 from mid-April to mid-July, and bagged slow-release fertilizer 1 in other periods.

[0048] Preferably, the fertilizer application amounts in the fertilization schemes determined according to different tree ages and growth stages, and the fertilization schemes determined according to the tested substrate aqueous solution, are as follows: The application amounts of bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1 and bagged controlled-release fertilizer 2 are determined according to the trunk diameter of the peach tree. When the trunk diameter is 1-3 cm, the application amount is 1 bag of fertilizer A / time and 1 bag of fertilizer B / time; when the trunk diameter is 3-5 cm, the application amount is 2 bags of fertilizer A / time and 2 bags of fertilizer B / time; when the trunk diameter is greater than 5 cm, the application amount is 3 bags of fertilizer A / time and 3 bags of fertilizer B / time. Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned soilless cultivation method in peach tree planting.

[0049] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] (1) This invention is based on the growth and development pattern of peach trees to formulate fertilizers and make bag-controlled slow-release fertilizers to replace traditional nutrient solutions to supplement various mineral nutrients. No fertilizer facilities or equipment are required. It is simple, convenient and low in cost. During the application process, water enters the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer through the micropores on the bag. After the fertilizer in the bag forms a saturated solution, it is slowly released through the micropores, which can meet the growth and development needs of peach trees and reduce fertilizer damage.

[0051] (2) Furthermore, this invention enables peach trees to achieve a high flowering rate in the year of planting, and allows them to flower and bear fruit in the same year within a greenhouse, resulting in fruiting one year earlier than existing technologies and demonstrating good early fruiting. Conventional greenhouse peach cultivation relies on PP for several years. 333 Promoting flowering carries risks of residue buildup and can pollute underground soil and water sources. This invention relies on water and fertilizer control, resulting in a high natural flowering rate without the need for PP. 333 It promotes flowering, has no residual risk, and makes water and fertilizer control easier for fruit-bearing trees. During the fruiting period, the concentration of water and fertilizer can be increased to increase the fruit load, fruit expansion speed, and sweetness, while preventing uneven fruit size and premature aging. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0053] Figure 1 The effect of different treatment groups on peach fruit setting rate. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A soilless cultivation method for peach trees includes the following steps:

[0057] (1) Selection of substrate and container: Select river sand and vermiculite mixed in a volume ratio of 1:0.5 as substrate, select plastic pots with many ventilation holes at the bottom and lower side as potting containers, and lay a layer of non-woven fabric at the bottom of the potting container to prevent substrate leakage later.

[0058] (2) Planting of seedlings: Fill the container with 1 / 4 of the total substrate. Trim the seedling roots to a suitable length according to the diameter and depth of the container. Then place the seedling roots on the surface of the filled substrate. Fill the remaining substrate to 5cm from the top edge of the container. Then cover the surface of the substrate with a 3cm layer of river sand so that the peach tree roots are level with the top layer of the substrate.

[0059] (3) Water management after planting: After planting, traditional drip irrigation technology is used. First, irrigate once. The amount of water should be controlled so that the substrate can fully absorb water without excess water seeping out. When the substrate within the top 5cm cannot squeeze out water, irrigate in time. The amount of water is the same as above. In mid-July to mid-August after the young trees are planted and during the ripening period of the fruit trees, drought stress is applied to promote flower bud differentiation, increase fruit sugar content and improve quality. The degree of drought should be such that the above-ground parts do not wilt. In spring and autumn, it is advisable to irrigate once every 3 to 4 days. In summer, it is necessary to irrigate once a day.

[0060] (4) Fertilizer management after transplanting:

[0061] For young trees: Apply controlled-release fertilizer in bags 5 times during one growth cycle.

[0062] The first application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer should be done 15-20 days after planting, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted saplings have grown to about 5cm.

[0063] The second application was in mid-May, using bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1;

[0064] The third application of bagged slow-release fertilizer was made in early July.

[0065] The fourth application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer was made in mid-August.

[0066] The fifth time, in early October, was the application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1;

[0067] For the fruit trees: apply controlled-release fertilizer in bags 7 times during one growth cycle.

[0068] The first application of bagged slow-release fertilizer was made in early March, before bud break.

[0069] The second application was in mid-April, after the flowers had fallen, using bagged slow-release fertilizer 2.

[0070] The third application of controlled-release fertilizer in bags was made in mid-May during the young fruit development period.

[0071] The fourth application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer is to be applied to early-maturing varieties during the fruit enlargement period in early June and to mid-late-maturing varieties during the fruit enlargement period in mid-June.

[0072] For the fifth time, apply bagged controlled-release fertilizer 2 at the beginning of July for early-maturing varieties and at the fruit color change to maturity period in mid-July for mid-late-maturing varieties;

[0073] The sixth time, after harvesting the fruit in mid-August, apply bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1;

[0074] The 7th application of bagged controlled-release fertilizer was made in early October before leaf fall.

[0075] Formula 1 of bagged controlled-release fertilizer:

[0076] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 30:1 mixture;

[0077] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 3.5:1:4;

[0078] ③ Borax decahydrate: Manganese sulfate monohydrate: Zinc sulfate heptahydrate: Copper sulfate pentahydrate: Sodium molybdate dihydrate = 130:100:10:4:1 mixture;

[0079] Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer formula 2:

[0080] ① A mixture of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium nitrate, and chelated iron in a ratio of 60:5:2;

[0081] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 6:2:5;

[0082] ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11:30:36:3:2 mixture;

[0083] When using, mix ① according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g / bag, which is fertilizer bag A; mix ② and ③ according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g ② + 0.3g ③ / bag, which is fertilizer bag B.

[0084] The application rates for saplings and fruit-bearing trees are as follows: The application rates of both bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1 and bagged controlled-release fertilizer 2 are determined according to the trunk diameter of the peach tree. When the trunk diameter is 1-3cm, the application rate is 1 bag of fertilizer A per application and 1 bag of fertilizer B per application; when the trunk diameter is 3-5cm, the application rate is 2 bags of fertilizer A per application and 2 bags of fertilizer B per application; when the trunk diameter is greater than 5cm, the application rate is 3 bags of fertilizer A per application and 3 bags of fertilizer B per application.

[0085] The controlled-release bag has 6 rows of micropores evenly punched on both sides. The micropore diameter is 0.2mm and the spacing between the micropores is 0.5cm. The bag is 9cm wide and 12cm long. The bag is sealed in the outer packaging. Before use, remove the outer sealing bag and apply both bags A and B at the same time. Bury the entire bag in the substrate to a depth of 3-5cm. When applying fertilizer again, simply remove the empty paper bag from the previous application.

[0086] Pruning, flower and fruit management, and pest and disease control should be carried out in accordance with the conventional management of potted peach trees.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] A soilless cultivation method for peach trees includes the following steps:

[0089] (1) Selection of substrate and container: Select coarse coconut coir and fine coconut coir mixed in a volume ratio of 1:0.6 as substrate, select plastic pots with many ventilation holes at the bottom and lower side as potting containers, and lay a layer of non-woven fabric at the bottom of the potting container to prevent substrate leakage later.

[0090] (2) Planting of seedlings: Fill the container with 1 / 3 of the total substrate. Trim the seedling roots to a suitable length according to the diameter and depth of the container. Then place the seedling roots on the surface of the filled substrate. Fill the remaining substrate to 10cm from the top edge of the container. Then cover the surface of the substrate with a 5cm layer of river sand so that the peach tree roots are level with the top layer of the substrate.

[0091] (3) Water management after planting: After planting, traditional drip irrigation technology is used. First, irrigate once. The amount of water should be controlled so that the substrate can fully absorb water without excess water seeping out. When the substrate within the top 5cm cannot squeeze out water, irrigate in time. The amount of water is the same as above. In mid-July to mid-August after the young trees are planted and during the ripening period of the fruit trees, drought stress is applied to promote flower bud differentiation, increase fruit sugar content and improve quality. The degree of drought should be such that the above-ground parts do not wilt. In spring and autumn, it is advisable to irrigate once every 3 to 4 days. In summer, it is necessary to irrigate once a day.

[0092] (4) Fertilizer management after transplanting: After transplanting, when the new shoots of the peach seedlings have grown to 5cm, the specific fertilization plan should be determined based on the EC value of the substrate aqueous solution.

[0093] 15-20 days after planting, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted saplings have grown to about 3-5 cm, the first fertilization should be carried out, using bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1; for fruit-bearing trees, the first fertilization should be carried out from early March to before budding, using bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1.

[0094] About 20 to 30 days after fertilization, after sufficient irrigation, test the EC value of the substrate solution. If the EC value is >1.0, do not add fertilizer.

[0095] When 0.5≤EC value≤1.0, it depends on the growth stage of the peach tree. If it is in the critical period of fruit development and vigorous growth of new shoots, it is necessary to supplement with bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2. No fertilizer should be supplemented at other times.

[0096] When the EC value is <0.5, fertilizer should be supplemented. The appropriate fertilizer should be selected according to the tree age and time. For young trees, use bagged slow-release fertilizer 2 in July and August, and bagged slow-release fertilizer 1 in other periods. For fruit-bearing trees, use bagged slow-release fertilizer 2 from mid-April to mid-July, and bagged slow-release fertilizer 1 in other periods.

[0097] Formula 1 of bagged controlled-release fertilizer:

[0098] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 40:1 mixture;

[0099] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 4:1:5;

[0100] ③ Borax decahydrate: Manganese sulfate monohydrate: Zinc sulfate heptahydrate: Copper sulfate pentahydrate: Sodium molybdate dihydrate = 140:110:11:4:1 mixture;

[0101] Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer formula 2:

[0102] ① A mixture of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium nitrate, and chelated iron in a ratio of 60:5:2;

[0103] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 6:2:5;

[0104] ③ A mixture of boric acid decahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11.5:31:37:3.5:2;

[0105] When using, mix ① according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g / bag, which is fertilizer bag A; mix ② and ③ according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g ② + 0.3g ③ / bag, which is fertilizer bag B.

[0106] The application rates for saplings and fruit-bearing trees are as follows: The application rates of both bagged controlled-release fertilizer 1 and bagged controlled-release fertilizer 2 are determined according to the trunk diameter of the peach tree. When the trunk diameter is 1-3cm, the application rate is 1 bag of fertilizer A per application and 1 bag of fertilizer B per application; when the trunk diameter is 3-5cm, the application rate is 2 bags of fertilizer A per application and 2 bags of fertilizer B per application; when the trunk diameter is greater than 5cm, the application rate is 3 bags of fertilizer A per application and 3 bags of fertilizer B per application.

[0107] The controlled-release bag has 6 rows of micropores evenly punched on both sides. The micropore diameter is 0.2mm and the spacing between the micropores is 0.5cm. The bag is 9cm wide and 12cm long. The bag is sealed in the outer packaging. Before use, remove the outer sealing bag and apply both bags A and B at the same time. Bury the entire bag in the substrate to a depth of 3-5cm. When applying fertilizer again, simply remove the empty paper bag from the previous application.

[0108] Pruning, flower and fruit management, and pest and disease control should be carried out in accordance with the conventional management of potted peach trees.

[0109] 1. Fertilizer formulation effect verification experiment

[0110] (1) Effect on peach blossom rate

[0111] To verify the effects of the slow-release fertilizer formula 1 and slow-release fertilizer formula 2 of the present invention, the fertilizers were first prepared into nutrient solution form according to the above formulas, as follows:

[0112] Slow-release fertilizer formula 1 (T1): Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 1040 mg / L, potassium nitrate 544 mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 136 mg / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 680 mg / L, chelated iron 26 mg / L, borax decahydrate 2.8 mg / L, manganese sulfate monohydrate 2.2 mg / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.22 mg / L, copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.08 mg / L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 0.02 mg / L. Supplement mineral nutrients by regularly watering with the nutrient solution. Watering amount: 2 L / pot, once every 2 days.

[0113] Slow-release fertilizer formula 2 (T2): Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 840mg / L, potassium nitrate 490mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 140mg / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 350mg / L, chelated iron 28mg / L, borax decahydrate 6.27mg / L, manganese sulfate monohydrate 16.94mg / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 20.165mg / L, copper sulfate pentahydrate 1.91mg / L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 1.09mg / L. Supplement mineral nutrients by regularly watering with the nutrient solution. Watering amount: 2L / pot, once every 2 days.

[0114] Using potted sand-cultured 'Zhongyou Jinguan' and 'Baojia Hong' peaches as test materials, and Hoagland general formula nutrient solution as control (CK), peaches were hydroponically cultivated using two slow-release fertilizer formulas (T1) and (T2). Peach buds were counted during the leaf fall period, and the quality of peaches was measured during the fruit ripening period.

[0115] Table 1. Peach blossom formation rate under different nutrient solutions

[0116]

[0117] Results Analysis: As shown in Table 1, the nutrient solutions prepared using the slow-release fertilizer formulas 1 and 2 of this invention, when used for hydroponics of peaches, showed significantly higher flowering rates than those treated with the Hoagland general-purpose nutrient solution. The experimental results indicate that the lowest natural flowering rate for hydroponically grown peaches is 57.3%, while the flowering rates with the slow-release fertilizer formulas are all above 70%, fully meeting production requirements and eliminating the need for PP. 333 Promoting flowering, it is evident that the formulations of slow-release fertilizer 1 and slow-release fertilizer 2 of this invention are superior to the existing Hogrange general formula.

[0118] (2) Impact on peach fruit quality

[0119] Table 2. Fruit Quality of 'Zhongyou Golden Delicious' Variety

[0120]

[0121] Table 3. Fruit Quality of 'Baojiahong'

[0122]

[0123] Results Analysis: As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the nutrient solutions prepared using the slow-release fertilizer formula 1 and slow-release fertilizer formula 2 of this invention for soilless peach cultivation resulted in higher soluble solids content in the peach fruits compared to the control group, which is consistent with the characteristics of better internal quality of potted peach fruits. Furthermore, the single fruit weight, fruit diameter, and soluble solids content of the peach fruits treated with the two self-designed nutrient solutions were significantly higher than those treated with Hoagland nutrient solution.

[0124] 2. To further investigate the effects of different fertilizer formulations and application methods on fertilizer efficiency, the following control experiment was set up:

[0125] This experiment used two-year-old fruit-bearing trees, hydroponically cultivated 'Zhongtao Ziyu' and 'Zhongyou Pan 9' early-to-mid-maturing peach trees as test materials, in the following groups:

[0126] Experimental group 1 (T1): Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 (Fertilizer from bag A and fertilizer from bag B were applied separately);

[0127] Experimental group 2 (T2): Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 (fertilizer from bag A and fertilizer from bag B were mixed together and applied);

[0128] Both groups of experiments used controlled-release fertilizer formulas, with bagged controlled-release fertilizers prepared independently. Formula 2 was used from mid-April after flowering to July, while Formula 1 was used for the rest of the time.

[0129] Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer formula 1:

[0130] ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 40:1 mixture;

[0131] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 4:1:5;

[0132] ③ Borax decahydrate: Manganese sulfate monohydrate: Zinc sulfate heptahydrate: Copper sulfate pentahydrate: Sodium molybdate dihydrate = 140:110:11:4:1 mixture;

[0133] Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer formula 2:

[0134] ① A mixture of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium nitrate, and chelated iron in a ratio of 60:5:2;

[0135] ② A mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in a ratio of 6:2:5;

[0136] ③ A mixture of boric acid decahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11.5:31:37:3.5:2;

[0137] When using, mix ① according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g / bag, which is fertilizer bag A; mix ② and ③ according to the proportions of different formulas, and make 30g ② + 0.3g ③ / bag, which is fertilizer bag B.

[0138] Experimental group 3 (CK): Nutrient solution was prepared according to the slow-release fertilizer formula. Formula 2 was used from mid-April after flowering to July, and Formula 1 was used for the rest of the time.

[0139] Slow-release fertilizer formula nutrient solution (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 1040g / L, potassium nitrate 544mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 136mg / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 680mg / L, chelated iron 26mg / L, borax decahydrate 2.8mg / L, manganese sulfate monohydrate 2.2mg / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.22mg / L, copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.08mg / L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 0.02mg / L).

[0140] Slow-release fertilizer formula nutrient solution (T2): calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 840mg / L, potassium nitrate 490mg / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 140mg / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 350mg / L, chelated iron 28mg / L, borax decahydrate 6.27mg / L, manganese sulfate monohydrate 16.94mg / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 20.165mg / L, copper sulfate pentahydrate 1.91mg / L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 1.09mg / L.

[0141] The effects of different groups on the fruit set rate and fruit quality of hydroponically grown peaches were determined.

[0142] Table 4. Effects of different fertilization treatments on peach fruit quality

[0143]

[0144] Results analysis: such as Figure 1As shown, the fruit set rate of peach trees in different treatments ranged from 36% to 52%. Significance analysis revealed no significant difference in fruit set rate among the different treatments, indicating that the fertilizer formulation and application method did not affect the fruit set rate of hydroponically grown peaches.

[0145] Results analysis: As shown in Table 4, the single fruit weight and longitudinal and transverse diameter of the bagged slow-release fertilizer treatment (T1) were significantly greater than those of the combined bag treatment (T2) and the nutrient solution treatment (CK), while there was no significant difference between the latter two. There was no significant difference in fruit shape index among the different treatments. There were significant differences in soluble solids of peach fruits among the different treatments. The soluble solids of the bagged slow-release fertilizer treatment (T1 and T2) were significantly greater than those of the nutrient solution (CK) treatment, while there was no significant difference between the combined bag (T1) and separate bag (T2) treatments of the bagged slow-release fertilizer.

[0146] In summary, the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer of this invention can replace nutrient solution for supplementing mineral nutrition in soilless peach cultivation.

[0147] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0148] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A soilless culture method of a peach tree, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) Selection of substrate and container: select a substrate with good air permeability and soil stability, and a container with good air permeability for standby; (2) Planting of seedlings: fill the container with substrate and plant peach seedlings into the container. After planting, cover the substrate with a layer of loose, breathable and non-water-conducting river sand or coarse fiber coconut husk; (3) Water management after planting: irrigate once after planting, then manage water. During water management, drought stress is applied to young trees in mid-July to mid-August and to mature trees during the fruiting period; (4) Fertilizer management after planting: after the peach seedlings sprout new shoots to 3-5 cm, start fertilizer management and apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer; The bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer of step (4) comprises bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2, and the specific components and weight ratios are as follows: Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1 formula: ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: chelated iron = 30-40:1 complex; ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 3.5-4:1:4-5 complex; ③ Borax decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 130-140:100-110:10-11:4:1 complex; Bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2 formula: ① Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate: potassium nitrate: chelated iron = 60:5:2 complex; ② Potassium nitrate: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate = 6:2:5 complex; ③ Boric acid decahydrate: manganese sulfate monohydrate: zinc sulfate heptahydrate: copper sulfate pentahydrate: sodium molybdate dihydrate = 11-11.5:30-31:36-37:3-3.5:2 complex; When used, ① in different formulas is prepared in proportion, mixed thoroughly, and made into 30 g / bag as A bag fertilizer; ② and ③ in the formula are prepared in proportion and mixed, made into 30 g ② + 0.3 g ③ / bag as B bag fertilizer; The control release bag has 6 rows of micro-holes evenly punched on the front and back, with a micro-hole diameter of 0.2 mm, a micro-hole spacing of 0.5 cm, a bag width of 9 cm, a bag length of 12 cm, and the bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer is sealed outside. Before use, remove the outer sealing bag and apply A bag and B bag to the substrate at the same time; Or determine the fertilization scheme according to different tree ages and different growth stages; or determine the fertilization scheme according to the detection of substrate water solution; The fertilization scheme determined according to different tree ages and different growth stages is as follows: For young trees: apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 5 times in a growth cycle First time: 15-20 days after planting, early April, when the young seedlings sprout new shoots to 3-5 cm, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; Second time: mid-May, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; Third time: early July, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2; Fourth time: mid-August, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2; Fifth time: early October, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; For fruiting trees: apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 7 times in a growth cycle First time: early March to pre-bud, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 1; Second time: mid-April after flower drop, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2; Third time: mid-May during young fruit development, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2; Fourth time: early June for early-maturing varieties during fruit swelling, mid-June for mid-late-maturing varieties during fruit swelling, apply bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer 2; The 5th, early-ripening varieties in early July, mid-late varieties in mid-July, fruit color to maturity period, application of bag control slow-release fertilizer 2; The 6th, after picking fruit in mid-August, application of bag control slow-release fertilizer 1; The 7th, before leaf fall in early October, application of bag control slow-release fertilizer 1; According to the detection of the aqueous solution of the substrate, the fertilization scheme is as follows: After 15-20 days of young tree planting, in early April, when the new shoots of the planted young trees grow to 3-5 cm, the first fertilization is started, and bag control slow-release fertilizer 1 is applied; For mature trees, the first fertilization is started in early March before budding, and bag control slow-release fertilizer 1 is applied; After 20-30 days of fertilization and sufficient irrigation, the EC value of the aqueous solution of the substrate is detected, and when the EC value is >1.0, no fertilizer is supplemented; When the EC value is 0.5≤EC value≤1.0, the peach tree growth period is combined to determine the key period of fertilizer requirement during fruit development and new shoot vigorous growth, and bag control slow-release fertilizer 2 is supplemented; no fertilizer is supplemented during other periods; When the EC value is <0.5, the appropriate fertilizer is selected in combination with the tree age and time, bag control slow-release fertilizer 2 is selected for young trees in July-August, and bag control slow-release fertilizer 1 is selected for other periods; for mature trees, bag control slow-release fertilizer 2 is selected from mid-April to mid-July, and bag control slow-release fertilizer 1 is selected for other periods.

2. The soilless culture method of the peach tree according to claim 1, characterized by, In step (1), the substrate is a mixture of river sand and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:0.5-1, or a mixture of coarse coconut husk and fine coconut husk in a volume ratio of 1:0.6-1; the bottom and lower side of the container have air holes.

3. The soilless culture method of the peach tree according to claim 1, characterized by, In step (2), the total filling amount of the substrate is filled to a distance of 5-10 cm from the upper edge of the container; the process of planting the peach seedling in the container is as follows: first, fill 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total filling amount of the substrate, then place the root system of the seedling on the surface layer of the filled substrate, then fill the remaining substrate, and finally cover the surface layer of the substrate with a layer of 3-5 cm of river sand or coarse fiber coconut husk.

4. The soilless culture method of the peach tree according to claim 1, characterized by, In step (3), the water irrigation amount after planting is controlled to ensure that the substrate is fully watered without excess water seepage; the time and total irrigation frequency of the next irrigation are determined according to whether the substrate within a range of 5 cm from the surface layer can squeeze out water; the degree of drought stress is based on the principle that the aboveground part is not wilting.

5. The soilless culture method of the peach tree according to claim 1, characterized by, According to the fertilization scheme determined according to different tree ages and different growth periods, and the application amount of the fertilizer in the fertilization scheme determined according to the detection of the aqueous solution of the substrate, the application amount of bag control slow-release fertilizer 1 and bag control slow-release fertilizer 2 is determined according to the diameter of the peach tree trunk, when the diameter of the trunk is 1-3 cm, the amount is A bag of fertilizer 1 per time, B bag of fertilizer 1 per time; when the diameter of the trunk is 3-5 cm, the amount is A bag of fertilizer 2 per time, B bag of fertilizer 2 per time; when the diameter of the trunk is greater than 5 cm, the amount is A bag of fertilizer 3 per time, B bag of fertilizer 3 per time.

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