Tunnel blasting ventilation device and method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a tunnel blasting ventilation device and method, relating to the field of tunnel blasting ventilation technology. It includes a three-way pipe; one end of the three-way pipe is detachably connected to an exhaust pipe; a fresh air assembly is detachably installed on the three-way pipe away from the exhaust pipe via bolts; the other opening of the three-way pipe is fitted with an exhaust assembly; the exhaust assembly includes an exhaust pipe with multiple sets of fan blades inside; one end of a rotating shaft passes through the three-way pipe and is fitted with a speed reducer; the exhaust pipe is installed at the opening on the side wall of the three-way pipe, and the openings at both ends of the three-way pipe are fixedly installed with the exhaust pipe and the mounting cylinder, respectively; the fan blades are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft inside the exhaust pipe, which is fitted with the inner wall of the exhaust pipe via a support frame; and one end of the rotating shaft passing through the three-way pipe is fixedly installed with the speed reducer, thereby enabling the extraction of polluted air from the exhaust assembly to be discharged to the outside of the tunnel through the exhaust pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention specifically relates to the field of tunnel blasting ventilation technology, and more specifically to a tunnel blasting ventilation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Blasting is a common excavation method in tunnel construction. Blasting produces a large amount of harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, as well as a large amount of dust. If these harmful substances are not removed from the tunnel in time, they will seriously affect the health of construction workers, reduce construction efficiency, and may even cause safety accidents. For example, when the concentration of carbon monoxide reaches a certain level, it can cause poisoning and suffocation among construction workers. Long-term inhalation of high concentrations of dust can cause occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis. The space inside the tunnel is relatively enclosed and the air circulation is poor. Relying solely on natural ventilation is insufficient to remove harmful gases and dust in a short time. Special ventilation devices are needed to force ventilation and improve the air quality inside the tunnel.

[0003] Traditional tunnel construction operations currently employ forced ventilation, exhaust ventilation, or a hybrid ventilation system. Forced ventilation, in particular, suffers from several drawbacks. Forced ventilation fails to dissipate contaminated air generated after blasting quickly enough, and as the tunnel length increases, the air pressure decreases significantly, potentially hindering the delivery of fresh air deep into the tunnel. Furthermore, the exhaust path of contaminated air is relatively unpredictable, leaving some harmful gases in certain areas. Exhaust ventilation, while effectively removing contaminated air from its source and controlling the spread of harmful gases and dust, can lead to insufficient fresh air supply, especially in construction areas far from the ventilation fans. It also lacks precise control over fresh airflow, potentially compromising air quality in some areas. Hybrid ventilation, combining the advantages of both forced and exhaust systems, is complex, requiring multiple fans, increasing costs, and necessitates carefully designed ventilation ductwork.

[0004] A search revealed that Chinese patent application CN202021313318.2 discloses a tunnel blasting ventilation device, comprising a fixed ring and a rotating ring disposed inside the fixed ring, the fixed ring and the rotating ring being rotatably connected by a rotating shaft, a protective cover being installed on the rotating ring, a motor being fixedly installed on the protective cover, a ventilation fan being connected to the output shaft of the motor, a gas collecting cover being sleeved on the rotating ring, a filter pipe being connected to the other end of the gas collecting cover, a filter element being installed inside the filter pipe, a ventilation pipe being connected to the other end of the filter pipe, multiple atomizing nozzles being provided on the top of the fixed ring, a water storage tank being provided on one side of the fixed ring, and a water pump being installed on the water storage tank;

[0005] The ventilation device in the aforementioned patent uses a fixing device and positioning pins to fix the fixing ring inside the tunnel. During ventilation, toxic gases or outside air are transmitted through the same pipe. Thus, when fresh air is added into the tunnel, the toxic gases remaining in the pipe during exhaust are transmitted back into the tunnel. This cannot effectively guarantee the addition of fresh air. Furthermore, the patent also uses spraying, which, when the spray volume is large, can damage the working environment inside the tunnel and affect the construction progress. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel blasting ventilation device and method. In this structure, a suction assembly is used to quickly extract the polluted air generated after the blast. During the extraction process, a first helical gear on the rotating shaft meshes with a second helical gear at one end of a worm gear, causing the worm gear to drive the turbine to rotate. When the turbine rotates, two rotating cam plates on the rotating shaft synchronously drive a sliding column to move a movable plate back and forth. During the back and forth movement of the movable plate, a push-pull rod drives a third cam to deflect, opening or closing the first rotating plate. Simultaneously, a first cam at the other end of the first rotating plate drives a second cam to deflect via a first connecting rod, opening or closing the second rotating plate. This achieves the switching between the mounting cylinder and the fresh air duct, allowing fresh air from inside the fresh air duct to enter the tunnel, thereby achieving ventilation inside the tunnel and solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A tunnel blasting ventilation device includes a three-way pipe; one end of the three-way pipe is detachably connected to an exhaust pipe; a fresh air component is detachably installed on the three-way pipe away from the exhaust pipe via bolts; the other end of the three-way pipe is fitted with an exhaust component; the exhaust component includes an exhaust pipe, one end of which is fixedly installed to the three-way pipe via bolts; multiple sets of fan blades are installed inside the exhaust pipe; the multiple sets of fan blades are fitted onto a rotating shaft; one end of the rotating shaft passes through the three-way pipe and is fitted with a speed reducer; the speed reducer is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the three-way pipe; the rotating shaft is movably installed with the exhaust pipe via two supports; a first helical gear is also fixedly installed on the rotating shaft; the exhaust component effectively extracts and discharges the polluted air generated after blasting inside the tunnel, preventing a large amount of polluted air from polluting the working environment inside the tunnel.

[0009] The fresh air assembly includes a mounting cylinder; a first rotating plate is movably mounted inside the end of the mounting cylinder away from the tee pipe; a fresh air duct is detachably mounted on the side wall of the end of the mounting cylinder away from the tee pipe; a second rotating plate is provided between the fresh air duct and the mounting cylinder; the fresh air duct and the exhaust duct are in the same direction; thus, when the installation is completed and in use, the fresh air duct and the exhaust duct respectively allow fresh air to enter and exhaust stale air.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a transmission assembly and an air supply assembly are installed inside the mounting cylinder; wherein, the transmission assembly includes a worm gear; the worm gear passes through a partition inside the mounting cylinder and is movably installed with the partition via two symmetrically arranged fixing brackets; a second helical gear is fixedly installed at one end of the worm gear extending into the interior of the tee pipe; the second helical gear is perpendicular to the first helical gear; the bottom of the other end of the worm gear meshes with a turbine; the turbine is movably installed with the side wall of the mounting cylinder via a rotating shaft and bearings; two symmetrically arranged rotating cam plates are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft; the two rotating cam plates are located on both sides of the turbine, and the two rotating cam plates have a track groove on the side closer to the turbine;

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the air supply assembly includes a movable plate; two symmetrical connecting frames are fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate; the connecting frames are movably connected to the connecting rods via rotating shafts; the end of the connecting rod away from the connecting frames is movably installed with a sliding column; the sliding column is embedded in a track groove opened on the rotating cam plate;

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a sliding groove is also provided on the side wall of the mounting cylinder; the sliding groove is slidably engaged with the fixing rod; the fixing rod is fixedly installed on the movable plate, and a push-pull rod is movably installed at the end of the fixing rod away from the movable plate;

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a first cam and a third cam are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating shaft of the first rotating plate; wherein the third cam is movably installed at the end of the push-pull rod away from the fixed rod; the first cam is movably installed with the second cam at one end of the rotating shaft of the second rotating plate through a first connecting rod;

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the exhaust duct and the fresh air duct can each be connected to multiple ventilation ducts at the end away from the tee pipe and the fresh air component.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a method for using a tunnel blasting ventilation device includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. First, fix one end of the tee pipe to one end of the mounting cylinder, and then fix the exhaust pipe to the tee pipe.

[0017] S2. Fix the reducer to one end of the shaft and fix the reducer to the outer wall of the tee pipe;

[0018] S3. Movably install the two ends of the push-pull rod to the fixed rod and the third cam respectively, and movably install the first cam at the other end of the first rotating plate to the second cam at one end of the second rotating plate through the first connecting rod.

[0019] S4. The assembled tee pipe, exhaust assembly and fresh air assembly are detachably installed to the top of the tunnel via a hoisting structure;

[0020] S5. As needed for construction, extend the ventilation duct connecting the exhaust duct and the fresh air duct to the outside of the tunnel;

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. In use, the present invention involves installing the exhaust duct at the opening on the side wall of a tee pipe, fixing the exhaust duct and the mounting cylinder at the openings at both ends of the tee pipe respectively, fixing the fan blades on the rotating shaft inside the exhaust duct, the rotating shaft being installed in conjunction with the inner wall of the exhaust duct via a support frame, and fixing one end of the rotating shaft through the tee pipe to the reducer, thereby enabling the stale air drawn from the exhaust assembly to be discharged to the outside of the tunnel through the exhaust duct;

[0023] 2. In the present invention, during the exhaust process, when the rotating shaft drives the fan blades to rotate, the first helical gear on the rotating shaft meshes with the second helical gear at one end of the worm, thereby realizing that the second helical gear drives the worm to rotate. The bottom of the end of the worm away from the second helical gear meshes with the turbine. The turbine synchronously drives the rotating shaft and two rotating cam plates to rotate. When the rotating cam plates rotate, the sliding column moves through the internal track groove.

[0024] 3. In this invention, as the rotating cam plate rotates, the sliding column pushes and pulls the connecting rod through the track groove on the rotating cam plate, thereby effectively realizing the forward and backward movement of the movable plate. When the sliding column pulls the movable plate backward through the connecting rod and the connecting frame, the fixed rod on the movable plate pulls the third cam at one end of the first rotating plate through the push-pull rod, realizing the flipping of the first rotating plate, thereby sealing the end of the installation cylinder away from the tee pipe, preventing dirty air from entering the interior of the installation cylinder. At the same time, the first cam at the other end of the first rotating plate is connected to the second cam at one end of the second rotating plate through the first connecting rod, realizing the connection between the fresh air duct and the installation cylinder, and enabling fresh air to enter the interior of the installation cylinder.

[0025] 4. In this invention, as the rotating cam plate rotates, the sliding column is pushed forward through the track groove opened on the rotating cam plate. The moving plate is then pushed forward by the connecting rod and the connecting frame. At this time, the switching between the first rotating plate and the second rotating plate is realized by the push-pull rod, so that the first rotating plate opens the end of the mounting cylinder and the second rotating plate closes the gap between the mounting cylinder and the fresh air duct, preventing polluted air from entering the fresh air duct and thus effectively ensuring the quality of fresh air. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 In this invention Figure 1 Side view.

[0028] Figure 3 In this invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure.

[0029] Figure 4 In this invention Figure 1 The main view.

[0030] Figure 5 In this invention Figure 4 AA sectional view.

[0031] Figure 6 In this invention Figure 2 A breakdown diagram.

[0032] Figure 7 In this invention Figure 1 Internal structural cross-sectional view.

[0033] Figure 8 In this invention Figure 1 Another perspective structural diagram.

[0034] Figure 9 In this invention Figure 7 Another perspective structural diagram.

[0035] Figure 10 In this invention Figure 7 A breakdown diagram.

[0036] Figure 11 In this invention Figure 9 Another perspective structural diagram.

[0037] Figure 12 In this invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of the local structure at point B in the middle.

[0038] Figure 13 In this invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of the local structure at point D.

[0039] Figure 14 In this invention Figure 11 Enlarged view of the local structure at point C.

[0040] Figure 15 In this invention Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the central air supply component.

[0041] In the diagram: 1-Exhaust duct, 2-Fresh air duct, 3-T-connector, 4-Exhaust assembly, 40-Exhaust duct, 41-Reducer, 42-Fan blade, 43-Support frame, 44-Rotating shaft, 45-First helical gear, 5-Fresh air assembly, 50-Mounting cylinder, 51-First rotating plate, 52-First connecting rod, 53-First cam, 54-Second cam, 55-Second rotating plate, 56-Baffle plate, 58-Third cam, 6-Transmission assembly, 60-Turbine, 61-Rotating cam plate, 62-Worm gear, 63-Second helical gear, 64-Fixed frame, 65-Rotating shaft, 66-Trajectory groove, 7-Air supply assembly, 70-Movable plate, 71-Connecting frame, 72-Connecting rod, 73-Sliding column, 74-Push-pull rod, 75-Fixed rod. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Please see Figure 1-11In this embodiment of the invention, a tunnel blasting ventilation device includes a three-way pipe 3; one end of the three-way pipe 3 is detachably connected to an exhaust pipe 1; a fresh air assembly 5 is detachably installed on the three-way pipe 3 away from the exhaust pipe 1 via bolts; the other end of the three-way pipe 3 is fitted with an exhaust assembly 4; the exhaust assembly 4 includes an exhaust pipe 40, one end of which is fixedly installed to the three-way pipe 3 via bolts; multiple sets of fan blades 42 are arranged inside the exhaust pipe 40; the multiple sets of fan blades 42 are fitted onto a rotating shaft 44; one end of the rotating shaft 44 passes through the three-way pipe 3 and is fitted with a reducer 41; the reducer 41 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the three-way pipe 3; the rotating shaft 44 is movably installed with the exhaust pipe 40 via two supports 43; a first helical gear 45 is also fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 44.

[0044] The fresh air assembly 5 includes an installation cylinder 50; a first rotating plate 51 is movably installed inside the end of the installation cylinder 50 away from the tee pipe 3; a fresh air duct 2 is detachably installed on the side wall of the end of the installation cylinder 50 away from the tee pipe 3; a second rotating plate 55 is provided between the fresh air duct 2 and the installation cylinder 50; the fresh air duct 2 is in the same direction as the exhaust duct 1.

[0045] The mounting cylinder 50 houses a transmission assembly 6 and an air supply assembly 7. The transmission assembly 6 includes a worm gear 62. The worm gear 62 passes through a partition 56 inside the mounting cylinder 50 and is movably mounted to the partition 56 via two symmetrically arranged fixing brackets 64. A second helical gear 63 is fixedly mounted at one end of the worm gear 62, which extends into the interior of the tee pipe 3. The second helical gear 63 is perpendicular to the first helical gear 45. The bottom of the other end of the worm gear 62 meshes with a turbine 60. The turbine 60 is movably mounted to the side wall of the mounting cylinder 50 via a rotating shaft 65 and bearings. Two symmetrically arranged rotating cam plates 61 are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 65. The two rotating cam plates 61 are located on both sides of the turbine 60, and a track groove 66 is formed on the side of the two rotating cam plates 61 closest to the turbine 60.

[0046] By adopting the above technical solution, during use, the exhaust duct 40 is installed at the opening on the side wall of the tee pipe 3. The openings at both ends of the tee pipe 3 are fixedly installed with the exhaust duct 1 and the mounting cylinder 50, respectively. The fan blade 42 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 44 inside the exhaust duct 40. The rotating shaft 44 is installed in conjunction with the inner wall of the exhaust duct 40 through the support frame 43. The end of the rotating shaft 44 that passes through the tee pipe 3 is fixedly installed with the reducer 41, so that the polluted air drawn from the exhaust assembly 4 can be discharged to the outside of the tunnel through the exhaust duct 1.

[0047] Please see Figure 1-15In this embodiment, the air supply assembly 7 includes a movable plate 70; two symmetrical connecting frames 71 are fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate 70; the connecting frames 71 are movably connected to the connecting rod 72 via a rotating shaft; the end of the connecting rod 72 away from the connecting frame 71 is movably installed with a sliding column 73; the sliding column 73 is embedded in a track groove 66 opened on the rotating cam plate 61.

[0048] The mounting cylinder 50 is also provided with a sliding groove on its side wall; the sliding groove is slidably engaged with the fixing rod 75; the fixing rod 75 is fixedly installed on the movable plate 70, and a push-pull rod 74 is movably installed at the end of the fixing rod 75 away from the movable plate 70.

[0049] By adopting the above technical solution, during the exhaust process, when the rotating shaft 44 drives the fan blade 42 to rotate, the first helical gear 45 on the rotating shaft 44 meshes with the second helical gear 63 at one end of the worm 62, thereby realizing that the second helical gear 63 drives the worm 62 to rotate. The bottom of the end of the worm 62 away from the second helical gear 63 meshes with the turbine 60. The turbine 60 synchronously drives the rotating shaft 65 and the two rotating cam plates 61 to rotate. When the rotating cam plate 61 rotates, the sliding column 73 moves through the internal track groove 66.

[0050] Furthermore, a first cam 53 and a third cam 58 are fixedly installed at both ends of the rotating shaft of the first rotating plate 51; wherein the third cam 58 is movably installed at the end of the push-pull rod 74 away from the fixed rod 75; the first cam 53 is movably installed at one end of the rotating shaft of the second rotating plate 55 via the first connecting rod 52.

[0051] In this embodiment, the ends of the exhaust duct 1 and the fresh air duct 2 that are away from the tee duct 3 and the fresh air component 5 can be connected to multiple ventilation ducts.

[0052] As the rotating cam plate 61 rotates, the sliding column 73 pushes and pulls the connecting rod 72 back and forth through the track groove 66 on the rotating cam plate 61, thereby effectively realizing the forward and backward movement of the movable plate 70. When the sliding column 73 pulls the movable plate 70 backward through the connecting rod 72 and the connecting frame 71 (the backward movement is towards...), the movable plate 70 moves backward. Figure 7 (The mounting cylinder 50 moves downwards), the fixed rod 75 on the movable plate 70 pulls the third cam 58 at one end of the first rotating plate 51 through the push-pull rod 74, so that the first rotating plate 51 is flipped, thereby sealing the end of the mounting cylinder 50 away from the tee pipe 3, preventing dirty air from entering the interior of the mounting cylinder 50. At the same time, the first cam 53 at the other end of the first rotating plate 51 is connected to the second cam 54 at one end of the second rotating plate 55 through the first connecting rod 52, so that the fresh air duct 2 is connected to the mounting cylinder 50, and fresh air enters the interior of the mounting cylinder 50.

[0053] Furthermore, as the rotating cam plate 61 rotates, the sliding column 73 is pushed forward through the track groove 66 on the rotating cam plate 61. This, in turn, pushes the movable plate 70 forward through the connecting rod 72 and the connecting frame 71. At this time, the push-pull rod 74 switches between the first rotating plate 51 and the second rotating plate 55, so that the first rotating plate 51 opens the end of the mounting cylinder 50 and the second rotating plate 55 closes the mounting cylinder 50 and the fresh air duct 2, preventing polluted air from entering the fresh air duct 2 and thus effectively ensuring the quality of fresh air.

[0054] A method for using a tunnel blasting ventilation device includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. First, fix one end of the tee pipe 3 to one end of the mounting cylinder 50, and then fix the exhaust pipe 40 to the tee pipe 3.

[0056] S2. Fix the reducer 41 to one end of the shaft 44, and fix the reducer 41 to the outer wall of the tee pipe 3.

[0057] S3. The two ends of the push-pull rod 74 are movably installed with the fixed rod 75 and the third cam 58 respectively. The first cam 53 at the other end of the first rotating plate 51 is movably installed with the second cam 54 at one end of the second rotating plate 55 through the first connecting rod 52.

[0058] S4. The assembled three-way pipe 3, exhaust assembly 4 and fresh air assembly 5 are detachably installed to the top of the tunnel via a hoisting structure;

[0059] S5. As needed for construction, extend the ventilation duct connecting exhaust duct 1 and fresh air duct 2 to the outside of the tunnel.

[0060] By adopting the above technical solution, it is effectively ensured that after tunnel blasting, the equipment can not only exhaust the polluted air into the tunnel through the exhaust component 4, but also transmit fresh air from the inside of the fresh air duct 2 into the tunnel through the cooperation between the fresh air component 5, the transmission component 6 and the air supply component 7.

[0061] The working principle of this invention is as follows: In use, the exhaust pipe 40 is installed at the opening on the side wall of the three-way pipe 3. The openings at both ends of the three-way pipe 3 are fixedly installed with the exhaust pipe 1 and the mounting cylinder 50, respectively. The fan blade 42 is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 44 inside the exhaust pipe 40. The rotating shaft 44 is installed in cooperation with the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 40 through the support 43. The end of the rotating shaft 44 that passes through the three-way pipe 3 is fixedly installed with the reducer 41, so that the polluted air drawn from the exhaust assembly 4 can be discharged to the outside of the tunnel through the exhaust pipe 1.

[0062] During the exhaust process, when the rotating shaft 44 drives the fan blade 42 to rotate, the first helical gear 45 on the rotating shaft 44 meshes with the second helical gear 63 at one end of the worm 62, thereby enabling the second helical gear 63 to drive the worm 62 to rotate. The bottom of the end of the worm 62 away from the second helical gear 63 meshes with the turbine 60. The turbine 60 synchronously drives the rotating shaft 65 and the two rotating cam plates 61 to rotate. When the rotating cam plates 61 rotate, the sliding column 73 moves through the internal track groove 66.

[0063] As the rotating cam plate 61 rotates, the sliding column 73 pushes and pulls the connecting rod 72 back and forth through the track groove 66 on the rotating cam plate 61, thereby effectively realizing the forward and backward movement of the movable plate 70. When the sliding column 73 pulls the movable plate 70 backward through the connecting rod 72 and the connecting frame 71, the fixed rod 75 on the movable plate 70 pulls the third cam 58 at one end of the first rotating plate 51 through the push-pull rod 74, thereby realizing the flipping of the first rotating plate 51 and sealing the end of the mounting cylinder 50 away from the tee pipe 3, preventing dirty air from entering the interior of the mounting cylinder 50. At the same time, the first cam 53 at the other end of the first rotating plate 51 is connected to the second cam 54 at one end of the second rotating plate 55 through the first connecting rod 52, thereby realizing the connection between the fresh air duct 2 and the mounting cylinder 50, and enabling fresh air to enter the interior of the mounting cylinder 50.

[0064] As the rotating cam plate 61 rotates, the sliding column 73 is pushed forward through the track groove 66 on the rotating cam plate 61. This pushes the movable plate 70 forward through the connecting rod 72 and the connecting frame 71. At this time, the push-pull rod 74 switches between the first rotating plate 51 and the second rotating plate 55. This allows the first rotating plate 51 to open the end of the mounting cylinder 50, and the second rotating plate 55 to close the gap between the mounting cylinder 50 and the fresh air duct 2, preventing polluted air from entering the fresh air duct 2 and thus effectively ensuring the quality of fresh air.

[0065] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0066] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A tunnel blasting ventilation device, characterized in that: The system includes a three-way pipe (3); one end of the three-way pipe (3) is detachably connected to the exhaust pipe (1); a fresh air assembly (5) is detachably installed on the three-way pipe (3) away from the exhaust pipe (1) by bolts; the other end of the three-way pipe (3) is connected to the exhaust assembly (4); the exhaust assembly (4) includes an exhaust pipe (40), one end of which is fixedly installed to the three-way pipe (3) by bolts; multiple sets of fan blades (42) are provided inside the exhaust pipe (40); the multiple sets of fan blades (42) are connected to a rotating shaft (44); one end of the rotating shaft (44) passes through the three-way pipe (3) and is connected to a speed reducer (41); the speed reducer (41) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the three-way pipe (3); the rotating shaft (44) is movably installed to the exhaust pipe (40) by two supports (43); a first helical gear (45) is also fixedly installed on the rotating shaft (44). The fresh air assembly (5) includes an installation cylinder (50); a first rotating plate (51) is movably installed inside the end of the installation cylinder (50) away from the tee pipe (3); a fresh air duct (2) is detachably installed on the side wall of the end of the installation cylinder (50) away from the tee pipe (3); a second rotating plate (55) is provided between the fresh air duct (2) and the installation cylinder (50); the fresh air duct (2) is in the same direction as the exhaust duct (1); The mounting cylinder (50) is equipped with a transmission assembly (6) and an air supply assembly (7). The transmission assembly (6) includes a worm gear (62). The worm gear (62) passes through the partition (56) inside the mounting cylinder (50) and is movably mounted to the partition (56) via two symmetrical fixing brackets (64). One end of the worm gear (62) extends into the interior of the tee pipe (3) and is fixedly mounted with a second helical gear (63). The second helical gear (63) is perpendicular to the first helical gear (45). The bottom of the other end of the worm gear (62) meshes with a turbine (60). The turbine (60) is movably mounted to the side wall of the mounting cylinder (50) via a rotating shaft (65) and bearings. Two symmetrical rotating cam plates (61) are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (65). The two rotating cam plates (61) are located on both sides of the turbine (60), and the two rotating cam plates (61) have a track groove (66) on the side closer to the turbine (60).

2. The tunnel blasting ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply assembly (7) includes a movable plate (70); two symmetrical connecting frames (71) are fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate (70); the connecting frame (71) is movably connected to the connecting rod (72) via a rotating shaft; the end of the connecting rod (72) away from the connecting frame (71) is movably installed with a sliding column (73); the sliding column (73) is embedded in a track groove (66) opened on the rotating cam plate (61).

3. A tunnel blasting ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting cylinder (50) is also provided with a sliding groove on its side wall; the sliding groove is slidably engaged with the fixing rod (75); the fixing rod (75) is fixedly installed on the movable plate (70), and a push-pull rod (74) is movably installed at the end of the fixing rod (75) away from the movable plate (70).

4. A tunnel blasting ventilation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first rotating plate (51) has a first cam (53) and a third cam (58) fixedly installed at both ends of its rotating shaft; the third cam (58) is movably installed at the end of the push-pull rod (74) away from the fixed rod (75); the first cam (53) is movably installed at the second cam (54) at one end of the rotating shaft of the second rotating plate (55) through the first connecting rod (52).

5. A tunnel blasting ventilation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exhaust duct (1) and fresh air duct (2) can each be connected to multiple ventilation ducts at the end away from the tee duct (3) and fresh air component (5).

6. The method of using a tunnel blasting ventilation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. First, fix one end of the tee pipe (3) to one end of the mounting cylinder (50), and then fix the exhaust pipe (40) to the tee pipe (3). S2. Fix the reducer (41) to one end of the shaft (44) and fix the reducer (41) on the outer wall of the tee pipe (3); S3. The two ends of the push-pull rod (74) are movably installed with the fixed rod (75) and the third cam (58) respectively. The first cam (53) at the other end of the first rotating plate (51) is movably installed with the second cam (54) at one end of the second rotating plate (55) through the first connecting rod (52). S4. The assembled three-way pipe (3), exhaust assembly (4) and fresh air assembly (5) are detachably installed on the top of the tunnel via a hoisting structure; S5. According to construction needs, extend the ventilation duct connecting the exhaust duct (1) and the fresh air duct (2) to the outside of the tunnel.

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