Deicing system and method for wind power generation blade

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation equipment maintenance, and discloses a deicing system and method for a wind power generation blade. The ice quality monitoring device is used for collecting and sending blade surface ice layer state data of a to-be-deiced blade at the current moment to the control module; the microwave radiation antenna is used for receiving microwave energy excited by the microwave generator and radiating the microwave energy to an ice layer; the control module is used for predicting preset feature data of an ice layer on the to-be-deiced fan blade at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer state data of the to-be-deiced blade at the current moment and in combination with meteorological data of an area where the to-be-deiced blade is located; the control module is also used for controlling and adjusting the power and the frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator according to preset characteristic data of an ice layer on the to-be-deiced fan blade at the next moment; the power and frequency of the microwave energy are flexibly adjusted according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, the resonance absorption effect of the microwave energy and the ice layer is improved, and the deicing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation equipment maintenance, and in particular relates to a deicing system and method for wind power generation blades. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the clean energy system, wind power generation is facing new opportunities for large-scale development. Against the background of increasing installed capacity and single-unit capacity, the site selection of wind farms shows a significant trend of extending to high-latitude cold regions and complex terrain and high-altitude areas. However, the low temperature, high humidity and complex and changeable meteorological conditions in the above-mentioned areas cause normal snow and ice accumulation on the surface of wind turbine blades. In extreme cases, it even causes blade structural damage and unit shutdown accidents, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the wind power industry.

[0003] At present, the de-icing technologies for wind turbine blades mainly include heating method, mechanical method and microwave de-icing technology; among them, the traditional heating method and mechanical method often have high energy consumption, unsatisfactory de-icing effect and are very easy to damage the integrity and protective performance of the blades, seriously affecting the service life of the blades and the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine; microwave de-icing technology uses microwave heating to achieve the de-icing effect. Compared with the heating method and mechanical method, it can greatly reduce the damage to the blades and has relatively low energy consumption; however, most of the existing microwave de-icing devices use microwaves of fixed frequency and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, resulting in poor resonance absorption effect of microwaves and ice, making the de-icing efficiency low. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a de-icing system and method for wind turbine blades to solve the technical problem that most existing microwave de-icing devices use microwaves of fixed frequency and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, resulting in poor resonance absorption effect of microwaves and ice, resulting in low de-icing efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The present invention provides a deicing system for wind power blades, comprising an ice quality monitoring device, a microwave radiation antenna, a microwave generator and a control module; The ice quality monitoring device is used to collect and send the ice layer status data of the blade surface to be de-iced at the current moment to the control module; the microwave radiation antenna is used to receive the microwave energy excited by the microwave generator and radiate to the ice layer on the de-icing fan blade; The control module is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blades to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer status data of the blades to be deiced at the current moment and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blades to be deiced are located; and is also used to control and adjust the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blades to be deiced at the next moment.

[0006] Furthermore, the ice quality monitoring device is arranged at the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade to be de-iced; the ice quality monitoring device includes a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument and an ice hardness sensor; wherein, at the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade to be de-iced, one ice quality monitoring device is arranged at a preset distance.

[0007] Furthermore, the meteorological data of the area where the blades to be de-iced are located includes temperature, humidity and wind speed.

[0008] Furthermore, the microwave radiation antennas are arranged at intervals along the axis of the blade to be deiced; wherein, the distance between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas gradually decreases in the direction from the root to the tip of the blade to be deiced.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a microwave reflection device, an energy coupler and a super capacitor; The microwave reflection device is arranged on the ground and close to the blade to be de-iced; the output end of the energy coupler is connected to the input end of the super capacitor, and the output end of the super capacitor is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator; The microwave reflecting device is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiation antenna to the energy coupler; the energy coupler is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; the supercapacitor is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator.

[0010] Furthermore, the microwave reflecting device adopts a microwave reflecting mirror; wherein the microwave reflecting surface of the microwave reflecting mirror is a parabola.

[0011] Furthermore, based on the ice layer state data of the blade surface to be deiced at the current moment and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be deiced is located, the process of predicting the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade to be deiced at the next moment includes: The ice layer state data of the blade surface to be deiced at the current moment and the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be deiced is located are used as input data, and input into the ice layer thickness prediction model, and the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade to be deiced at the next moment is output; wherein the ice layer thickness prediction model is a prediction model based on the LSTM neural network; Furthermore, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the wind turbine blades to be de-iced at the next moment include a predicted value of ice layer thickness and a predicted value of ice layer water content.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of controlling and adjusting the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade to be de-iced at the next moment includes: When the predicted value of ice thickness is greater than or equal to 3 cm and less than 5 cm, the power mode of the microwave generator is controlled to be a low power mode; wherein, in the low power mode, the power of the microwave generator is 500-800 W; when the predicted value of ice thickness exceeds 5 cm, the power mode of the microwave generator is controlled to be a high power mode; wherein, in the high power mode, the power of the microwave generator is 1200-1500 W; When the predicted value of the water content in the ice layer is between 5% and 10%, the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled to be 2.45±0.05GHz; when the predicted value of the water content in the ice layer is between 10% and 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled to be 2.6±0.1GHz; when the predicted value of the water content in the ice layer exceeds 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled to be 2.8±0.1GHz.

[0013] The present invention also provides a deicing method for wind power blades, using the deicing system for wind power blades; The deicing method for wind power blades comprises: Collecting the ice layer status data of the blade surface to be de-iced at the current moment; Based on the ice layer status data of the blade surface to be deiced at the current moment and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be deiced is located, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade to be deiced at the next moment is predicted; According to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blades to be de-iced at the next moment, the operating mode of the microwave generator is controlled and adjusted so that the microwave generator excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiation antenna, and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the fan blades to be de-iced.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The deicing system for wind turbine blades provided by the present invention obtains preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the wind turbine blades to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer state data of the blades to be deiced at the current moment and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blades to be deiced are located; according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the wind turbine blades to be deiced at the next moment, the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator are dynamically adjusted, so that the power and frequency of the microwave energy can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, thereby improving the resonance absorption effect of the microwave energy and the ice layer, and greatly improving the deicing effect.

[0015] Furthermore, the microwave radiation antennas are spaced apart along the axis of the blade to be de-iced, and the distance between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas in the direction from the root to the tip of the blade to be de-iced is designed to gradually decrease, so as to form a multi-focus microwave radiation antenna array, thereby ensuring that the microwave energy forms multiple focusing areas on the blade surface that are evenly distributed and change with the shape of the blade, so as to adapt to the complex curved surface shape of the blade, avoid uneven distribution of microwave energy, and eliminate deicing blind spots.

[0016] Furthermore, a microwave reflection device is used to reflect the electromagnetic waves radiated by the microwave radiation antenna to the energy coupler, and the energy coupler is used to convert the reflected microwave energy into electrical energy and store it in a supercapacitor; when the power demand of the microwave generator increases, the supercapacitor group can quickly release the stored electrical energy within 1-2 seconds to supplement the energy required by the microwave generator, thereby increasing the energy utilization rate of the entire system by 30%-40%, reducing the demand for external energy input, and reducing the additional power consumption of the power generation system.

[0017] Furthermore, the prediction model of the LSTM neural network is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blades to be de-iced at the next moment, which can ensure the accuracy of the prediction results and save time, thereby improving the real-time performance of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a deicing system for wind turbine blades provided in an embodiment.

[0020] Among them, 1 is an ice quality monitoring device, 2 is a microwave radiation antenna, 3 is a microwave generator, 4 is a microwave reflection device, 5 is an energy coupler, 6 is a supercapacitor, 7 is a control module; and 100 is a blade to be de-iced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of this application; obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The present invention provides a deicing system for wind power blades, comprising an ice quality monitoring device 1, a microwave radiation antenna 2, a microwave generator 3 and a control module 7; the ice quality monitoring device 1 is used to collect and send the blade surface ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment to the control module 7; the microwave radiation antenna 2 is used to receive the microwave energy excited by the microwave generator 3 and radiate to the ice layer on the deicing fan blade 100; the control module 7 is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be deiced is located; and is also used to control and adjust the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator 3 according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be deiced at the next moment.

[0023] The deicing system for wind turbine blades described in the present invention predicts preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the wind turbine blades to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer state data of the blades to be deiced at the current moment and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blades to be deiced are located; according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the wind turbine blades to be deiced at the next moment, the power and frequency of the microwave generator 3 are regulated, so as to realize flexible adjustment of the power and frequency of the microwave energy according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, thereby improving the resonance absorption effect of the microwave energy and the ice layer.

[0024] Furthermore, the deicing system described in the present invention also includes a microwave reflection device 4, an energy coupler 5 and a supercapacitor 6; the microwave reflection device 4 is arranged on the ground and is arranged close to the blade 100 to be deiced; the output end of the energy coupler 5 is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor 6, and the output end of the supercapacitor 6 is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator 3; the microwave reflection device 4 is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiation antenna 2 to the energy coupler 5; the energy coupler 5 is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; the supercapacitor 6 is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler 5, and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator 3.

[0025] In the present invention, by arranging a microwave reflection device, an energy coupler and a microwave energy recovery device composed of a supercapacitor, it is possible to convert the unabsorbed microwave energy into electrical energy and store the generated electrical energy; when the power demand of the microwave generator increases, the electrical energy is quickly released through the supercapacitor to meet the needs of the system.

[0026] The following is a further explanation of the deicing system for wind turbine blades provided by the present invention with some specific embodiments: Example As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a deicing system for wind power blades, including an ice quality monitoring device 1, a microwave radiation antenna 2, a microwave generator 3, a microwave reflection device 4, an energy coupler 5, a super capacitor 6 and a control module 7; the output end of the ice quality monitoring device 1 is connected to the input end of the control module 7, the output end of the control module 7 is connected to the input end of the microwave generator 3, and the output end of the microwave generator 3 is connected to the input end of the microwave radiation antenna 2; the microwave reflection device 4, the energy coupler 5 and the super capacitor 6 are connected in sequence to form a microwave energy recovery device, and the super capacitor 6 is also connected to the power supply end of the microwave generator 3.

[0027] The ice quality monitoring device 1 is arranged at a preset position of the blade 100 to be deiced, and is used to collect the blade surface ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment, and send the blade surface ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment to the control module 7; wherein the blade surface ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment includes the ice layer water content, ice layer thickness and ice layer hardness.

[0028] Specifically, the ice quality monitoring device 1 is arranged at the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade 100 to be deiced; at the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade 100 to be deiced, one ice quality monitoring device 1 is arranged at a preset distance; preferably, the preset spacing is 0.5m, that is, a monitoring point is arranged at every 0.5m at the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade 100 to be deiced, and the ice layer monitoring device 1 arranged at each monitoring point can be used to comprehensively and accurately obtain the physical property data of the ice layer on the surface of the blade 100 to be deiced.

[0029] The ice quality monitoring device 1 includes a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument, and an ice hardness sensor; the humidity sensor is used to collect the water content of the ice layer on the blade surface of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment, the ice thickness measuring instrument is used to collect the thickness of the ice layer on the blade surface of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment, and the ice hardness sensor is used to collect the hardness of the ice layer on the blade surface of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment; wherein the humidity sensor adopts a capacitive humidity sensor, the ice thickness measuring instrument adopts an ultrasonic ice thickness measuring instrument, and the ice hardness sensor adopts a piezoelectric ice hardness sensor.

[0030] In this embodiment, the ice quality monitoring device 1 adopts a multi-parameter composite probe including a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument, and an ice hardness sensor. It is distributed on the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade, and a monitoring point is set every 0.5m to comprehensively and accurately obtain the physical property data of the ice layer on the blade surface, thereby providing an accurate data basis for the control module 7 to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment.

[0031] The microwave radiation antennas 2 are arranged at intervals along the axis of the blade 100 to be deiced, and are used to receive the microwave energy excited by the microwave generator 3, and radiate to the ice layer on the deicing fan blade 100 in the form of electromagnetic waves; from the root to the tip of the blade 100 to be deiced, the distance between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas 2 gradually decreases; preferably, the microwave radiation antenna 2 adopts a multi-layer nested structure, and the distance between each layer of antennas is designed according to the aerodynamic shape of the blade 100 to be deiced; from the root to the tip of the blade 100 to be deiced, the distance between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas 2 gradually decreases from 10 cm to 5 cm, so that the microwave radiation antennas 2 arranged on the blade 100 to be deiced form a multi-focus microwave radiation antenna array, ensuring that the microwave energy forms a plurality of uniformly distributed focusing areas on the blade surface of the blade 100 to be deiced and changes with the blade shape, thereby controlling the microwave energy density deviation on the blade surface within ±10%, effectively avoiding deicing dead corners.

[0032] In this embodiment, the microwave radiation antenna 2 adopts a multi-layer nested structure, and the spacing between each layer of antennas is optimized according to the aerodynamic shape of the blade; secondly, in the direction from the root of the blade to the tip of the blade, the spacing between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas 2 is gradually reduced from 10 cm to 5 cm, ensuring that the microwave energy forms a plurality of evenly distributed focusing areas on the surface of the blade 100 to be de-iced and changes with the shape of the blade, and then when the power and frequency generated by the microwave generator 3 are adjusted by the control module 7, the radiation angle and gain of the antenna array are adjusted to ensure that the microwave energy density deviation on the blade surface is controlled within ±10%, thereby effectively avoiding deicing blind spots.

[0033] The microwave generator 3 is located on the blade 100 to be de-iced and is arranged near the root of the blade 100 to be de-iced; the microwave generator 3 receives and responds to the control instructions sent by the control module 7, generates and sends microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiation antenna 2; wherein, the power supply end of the microwave generator 3 is also connected to the output end of the supercapacitor 6 to receive the electrical energy provided by the supercapacitor 6.

[0034] The microwave reflecting device 4 is arranged on the ground and close to the blade 100 to be de-iced, and is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiation antenna 2 to the energy coupler 5; preferably, the microwave reflecting device 4 adopts a microwave reflector, the microwave reflecting surface of the microwave reflector is a parabola, and the focusing efficiency of the microwave reflector is greater than or equal to 92%; the output end of the energy coupler 5 is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor 6, and the output end of the supercapacitor 6 is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator 3; the energy coupler 5 is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; the supercapacitor 6 is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler 5, and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator 3; wherein, the energy conversion efficiency of the energy coupler 5 is greater than or equal to 80%, and the charge and discharge cycle life of the supercapacitor 6 is greater than or equal to 10,000 times.

[0035] In this embodiment, a microwave energy recovery device is formed by sequentially connected microwave reflection device 4, energy coupler 5 and super capacitor 6; wherein, the microwave reflection device 4 adopts a high-efficiency microwave reflector, and the reflector adopts a parabolic shape to focus the reflected microwave on the energy coupler 5, and uses the energy coupler 5 to convert the microwave energy into electrical energy, and then converts the recovered microwave energy into electrical energy and stores it in the super capacitor group; wherein, the conversion efficiency of the energy coupler is required to reach more than 80%; when the power demand of the microwave generator 3 increases, the super capacitor can quickly release the stored electrical energy within 1-2s to supplement the energy required by the microwave generator 3, so that the energy utilization rate of the whole system is improved by 30%-40%, the external energy input demand is reduced, and the additional consumption of the wind turbine power generation power is reduced.

[0036] The input end of the control module 7 is also connected to the real-time data interface of the weather station to obtain the weather data of the area where the blades 100 to be deiced are located; wherein the weather data of the area where the blades 100 to be deiced are located includes temperature, humidity and wind speed.

[0037] The control module 7 is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer state data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be deiced is located; wherein the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be deiced at the next moment includes a predicted value of the ice layer thickness and a predicted value of the ice layer water content; secondly, according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be deiced at the next moment, the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator 3 are controlled and adjusted.

[0038] Specifically, based on the ice layer state data of the blade surface of the deiced blade 100 and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the deiced blade 100 is located, the process of obtaining the ice layer thickness prediction data on the deicing fan blade 100 is as follows: The blade surface ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment and the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be deiced is located are used as input data and input into the ice layer thickness prediction model, and the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be deiced at the next moment is output; wherein the ice layer thickness prediction model is a prediction model based on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural network.

[0039] It should be noted that the prediction model based on the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural network includes an input layer, an LSTM layer and an output layer; the input layer is responsible for receiving the blade surface ice layer status data of the de-iced blade 100 at the current moment and the meteorological data of the area where the de-iced blade 100 is located; the LSTM layer is used to learn the time dependency in the data; the output layer generates the predicted data of the ice layer thickness on the de-icing fan blade 100; wherein, the number of units and the network depth of the LSTM layer are set according to the data characteristics and prediction requirements.

[0040] Specifically, according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment, in the process of controlling and adjusting the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator 3, the power mode of the microwave generator 3 is adjusted according to the predicted value of the ice layer thickness, and the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is adjusted according to the predicted value of the water content of the ice layer.

[0041] The specific control process is as follows: (1) When the predicted value of the ice layer thickness is greater than or equal to 3 cm and less than 5 cm, the power mode of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be a low power mode; wherein, in the low power mode, the power of the microwave generator 3 is 500-800 W; when the predicted value of the ice layer thickness exceeds 5 cm, the power mode of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be a high power mode; wherein, in the high power mode, the power of the microwave generator 3 is 1200-1500 W.

[0042] (2) When the predicted value of the water content of the ice layer is between 5% and 10%, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be 2.45±0.05 GHz; when the predicted value of the water content of the ice layer is between 10% and 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be 2.6±0.1 GHz; when the predicted value of the water content of the ice layer is more than 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be 2.8±0.1 GHz.

[0043] It should be noted that the control module 7 is connected to the real-time data interface of the meteorological station in the area where the blades 100 to be deiced are located, and the meteorological data of the area where the blades 100 to be deiced are located is updated every 15 minutes. In combination with the blade surface ice layer state data of the blades 100 to be deiced at the current moment collected by the ice quality monitoring device 1, a prediction model based on the LSTM neural network is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blades 100 to be deiced at the next moment, for example, predicting the blade icing trend and degree 30-60 minutes in advance; wherein, when it is predicted that the blades will have moderate icing, that is, the ice layer thickness reaches 3 cm, microwave deicing is started 10 minutes in advance, so that the microwave generator 3 operates in a low-power mode to inhibit the rapid growth of ice; when the ice layer thickness reaches 5 cm, the microwave generator 3 is controlled to switch to a high-power mode to quickly de-ice; secondly, according to the predicted value of the water content of the ice layer, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is adjusted to enhance the resonance absorption effect of microwaves and ice.

[0044] It should also be noted that the control module 7 can also dynamically adjust the microwave power in real time according to the change of wind speed, so as to ensure the stability of the force on the blades during the de-icing process and reduce the impact of the de-icing operation on the safe operation of the wind turbine; specifically, the control module 7 is used to obtain real-time wind speed data, and the power mode of the microwave generator 3 is adjusted according to the comparison result of the real-time wind speed data and the wind speed threshold.

[0045] Working principle: The deicing system for wind turbine blades described in this embodiment operates as follows: The moisture content, thickness and hardness of the ice layer on the blade surface of the deiced blade 100 at the current moment are collected by using the humidity sensor, ice thickness measuring instrument and ice hardness sensor in the ice quality monitoring device 1; and the moisture content, thickness and hardness of the ice layer collected at the current moment are sent to the control module 7 as the state data of the ice layer on the blade surface at the current moment; in the control module 7, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade surface 100 to be deiced is predicted in combination with the state data of the ice layer on the blade surface at the current moment and the meteorological data of the area where the blade surface 100 to be deiced is located, so as to obtain the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade surface 100 to be deiced at the next preset moment, and then according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade surface 100 to be deiced at the next preset moment, the power mode and frequency of the microwave generator 3 are controlled and adjusted, so that the microwave generator 3 generates microwave energy of preset power and frequency to excite the microwave radiation antenna 2, and then the microwave radiation antenna 2 radiates microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer, so as to achieve the effect of dynamically adjusting the microwave energy and achieve the effect of optimal resonance absorption with the ice layer, thereby improving the deicing efficiency.

[0046] Among them, by adjusting the power mode of the microwave generator 3 according to the predicted value of the ice layer thickness and adjusting the frequency of the microwave generator 3 according to the predicted value of the ice layer water content, the melting of the ice layer can be monitored in real time, and the microwave power can be dynamically adjusted according to the change of wind speed. By dynamically adjusting the power and frequency of the microwave energy, the force on the fan blades is ensured to be stable during the de-icing process, thereby reducing the impact on the safe operation of the fan.

[0047] In addition, the de-icing system is equipped with a microwave energy recovery device, which can focus the unabsorbed microwave energy through a high-efficiency microwave reflector and an energy coupler and convert it into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is stored in a supercapacitor. When the power demand of the microwave generator increases, the supercapacitor group can quickly release the electrical energy to meet the needs of the system.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a deicing method for wind turbine blades, comprising the following steps: Firstly, the ice quality monitoring device 1 is used to collect the data on the status of the ice layer on the blade surface of the blade 100 to be de-iced.

[0049] Next, the control module 7 is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be deiced at the current moment and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be deiced is located; wherein the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade to be deiced at the next moment includes the predicted value of the ice layer thickness and the predicted value of the ice layer water content.

[0050] Secondly, the control module 7 is used to control and adjust the operation mode of the microwave generator 3 according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment, so that the microwave generator 3 excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiation antenna 2, and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be de-iced; specifically, the control module 7 is used to generate a control instruction to the microwave generator 3 according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment, so that the microwave generator 3 excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiation antenna 2, and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the fan blade 100 to be de-iced, and the microwave energy of preset power and frequency is used to resonate with the ice layer to achieve the deicing effect; wherein, the control instruction is used to control and adjust the operation mode of the microwave generator 3.

[0051] The deicing system of this embodiment and a conventional deicing device are used as examples to illustrate the deicing process of the blades of a wind turbine generator set in a certain place, and the effect of the deicing system of this embodiment is described as follows: Example 1: Under a -5°C environment, for an ice layer with a thickness of 2 cm, the deicing system described in this embodiment and a traditional microwave deicing device are used for deicing; wherein, the traditional microwave deicing device uses a microwave deicing technology with a fixed frequency of 2.45 GHz for deicing; from the deicing results, the average deicing time of the deicing system described in this embodiment is 15 minutes, while the deicing time of the traditional microwave deicing device is 22 minutes; compared with the traditional microwave deicing device, the deicing time of the deicing system described in this embodiment is reduced by about 32%; secondly, under a -15°C environment, for an ice layer with a thickness of 4 cm; the average deicing time of the deicing system described in this embodiment is 30 minutes, while the deicing time of the traditional microwave deicing device is 43 minutes, and the deicing time of the deicing system described in this embodiment is shortened by about 30%.

[0052] Cause analysis: In the de-icing system described in this embodiment, based on the ice layer status data and combined with meteorological data, the predicted value of the water content of the ice layer is obtained, and the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled and adjusted according to the predicted value of the water content of the ice layer, so as to realize de-icing by microwave energy with dynamically adjusted frequency. Compared with the traditional fixed-frequency microwave de-icing technology, it can greatly shorten the de-icing time and thus improve the de-icing efficiency.

[0053] Example 2: Under a -10°C environment, for an ice layer with a thickness of 3 cm, the deicing system described in this embodiment and a traditional microwave deicing device are used for deicing; wherein, the traditional microwave deicing device uses a planar antenna array microwave deicing technology for deicing; from the deicing results, the deicing coverage rate of the deicing system described in this embodiment can reach 92%, and the deicing time is about 25 minutes; the deicing coverage rate of the traditional microwave deicing device is only about 65%, and the deicing time is as long as 40 minutes; compared with the traditional microwave deicing device, the deicing efficiency of the deicing system described in this embodiment is improved by about 38%; secondly, under a -20°C environment, for an ice layer with a thickness of 5 cm, the deicing coverage rate of the deicing system described in this embodiment can reach 85%, and the deicing time is about 40 minutes; the deicing coverage rate of the traditional microwave deicing device is less than 50%, and the deicing time is about 65 minutes; compared with the traditional microwave deicing device, the deicing efficiency of the deicing system described in this embodiment is improved by about 38%.

[0054] Cause analysis: In the deicing system described in this embodiment, the microwave radiation antennas are arranged at intervals along the axis of the blade to be deiced, and the distance between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas in the direction from the root to the tip of the blade to be deiced is designed to gradually decrease, forming a multi-focus microwave radiation antenna array, thereby ensuring that the microwave energy forms multiple focusing areas that are evenly distributed on the blade surface and change with the shape of the blade, avoiding uneven distribution of microwave energy, eliminating deicing blind spots, and thereby improving the deicing efficiency.

[0055] Example 3: In an environment of 0°C, the deicing system described in this embodiment and a microwave deicing device without an energy recovery device are used to perform deicing operations for 4 times with a deicing time of 25 minutes each time and an interval of 45 minutes; compared with the microwave deicing device without an energy recovery device, the energy utilization rate of the deicing system described in this embodiment is improved by about 35%, the external energy input demand is reduced, the deicing efficiency is effectively guaranteed and improved, and the overall deicing operation time is shortened by about 25%; in addition, in an environment of -10°C, for the same deicing cycle operation, the energy utilization rate of the present invention is improved by about 30%, and the deicing operation time is shortened by about 20%.

[0056] Cause analysis: In the de-icing system described in this embodiment, a microwave reflection device is used to receive and reflect the electromagnetic waves radiated by the microwave radiation antenna to the energy coupler, and the recovered microwave energy is converted into electrical energy and stored in a supercapacitor. The stored electrical energy is released to the microwave generator through the supercapacitor to supplement the energy required by the microwave generator, reduce the demand for external energy input, and reduce the extra consumption of wind turbine power generation.

[0057] Example 4: In the low temperature environment of -5℃~5℃ in winter, combined with local meteorological conditions, the deicing system described in this embodiment can effectively reduce the fan downtime caused by icing by about 45%, indirectly improving the deicing efficiency and ensuring the continuous and stable power generation of the fan.

[0058] The deicing system described in this embodiment sets a monitoring point every 0.5m at a preset key position of the blade, and arranges an ice quality monitoring device 1 at each monitoring point to accurately obtain the physical property data of the ice layer, and automatically adjusts the frequency and power of the microwave generator 3 accordingly; secondly, the microwave radiation antenna 2 adopts a multi-layer nested structure, and the spacing between each layer of antennas is optimized according to the aerodynamic shape of the blade. From the root to the tip of the blade 100 to be deiced, the spacing between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas 2 is gradually reduced from 10cm to 5cm, so that the microwave radiation antennas 2 arranged on the blade 100 to be deiced can be effectively controlled. The microwave radiation antenna 2 forms a multi-focus microwave radiation antenna array; at the same time, based on the electromagnetic simulation software, the radiation angle and gain parameters of the antenna are accurately adjusted to control the microwave energy density deviation on the blade surface within ±10%; actual tests show that under a -15°C environment, for an ice layer with a thickness of 5 cm, the deicing coverage rate of the multi-focus antenna array of the present invention can reach more than 95%, and the deicing time is about 30 minutes; while the deicing coverage rate of the traditional planar antenna array is only 60%-70%, and the deicing time is as long as 45-50 minutes. The deicing efficiency of the present invention is improved by 35%-40%.

[0059] In this embodiment, a high-efficiency parabolic microwave reflector and energy coupler combination structure is adopted, and the microwave energy recovered by the energy coupler is stored in a supercapacitor and can quickly replenish the energy required by the microwave generator; experimental data show that in continuous deicing operations (30 minutes for each deicing, 1 hour interval, and 5 deicing cycles in total); compared with the traditional microwave deicing system without an energy recovery device, the system of the present invention has an energy utilization rate increased by 30%-40%, and the external energy input demand is reduced, thereby reducing the additional consumption of wind turbine power generation, ensuring the continuous and efficient deicing operation, and the overall deicing efficiency is effectively guaranteed and improved; secondly, the control module is connected to the real-time data interface of the meteorological station, and the deep learning prediction model is used to predict the icing situation in advance, and the microwave power and frequency are dynamically adjusted according to the predicted icing situation, ensuring the resonance absorption effect of microwaves and ice, thereby improving the deicing efficiency, and at the same time can significantly improve the operating efficiency and reliability of wind turbines under severe weather conditions, ensuring the continuity and stability of wind power generation.

[0060] The deicing system and method for wind turbine blades described in the present invention achieves a deicing coverage rate of ≥ 95% and a 35% reduction in energy consumption by real-time monitoring of the ice layer status, dynamically adjusting the microwave frequency and power, and combining the parabolic reflector energy recovery technology; wherein, by accessing meteorological data and using the LSTM model to predict the icing trend, the downtime is reduced by 40%-50%. It is suitable for high-cold and high-humidity environments, significantly improving the safety of wind turbine operation and the power generation efficiency, and providing a reliable solution for the safe and efficient operation of wind turbines in high-cold areas.

[0061] The above embodiment is only one of the implementation methods that can realize the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment, but also includes changes, replacements and other implementation methods that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A deicing system for wind turbine blades, characterized in that: It comprises an ice quality monitoring device (1), a microwave radiation antenna (2), a microwave generator (3) and a control module (7); The ice quality monitoring device (1) is used to collect and send data on the status of the ice layer on the blade surface of the de-icing blade (100) at the current moment to the control module (7); the microwave radiation antenna (2) is used to receive microwave energy excited by the microwave generator (3) and radiate towards the ice layer on the de-icing fan blade (100); The control module (7) is used to predict preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade (100) to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer state data of the blade (100) to be deiced at the current moment and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blade (100) to be deiced is located; and is also used to control and adjust the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator (3) according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade (100) to be deiced at the next moment.

2. A deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ice quality monitoring device (1) is arranged at the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade (100) to be de-iced; the ice quality monitoring device (1) comprises a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument and an ice hardness sensor; wherein, at the leading edge, middle and trailing edge of the blade (100) to be de-iced, one ice quality monitoring device (1) is arranged at a preset distance.

3. A deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meteorological data of the area where the blades (100) to be de-iced are located include air temperature, humidity and wind speed.

4. A deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave radiation antennas (2) are arranged at intervals along the axis of the blade (100) to be deiced; wherein, in a direction from the blade root to the blade tip of the blade (100) to be deiced, the distance between two adjacent microwave radiation antennas (2) gradually decreases.

5. The deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a microwave reflection device (4), an energy coupler (5) and a super capacitor (6); The microwave reflection device (4) is arranged on the ground and is arranged close to the blade (100) to be de-iced; the output end of the energy coupler (5) is connected to the input end of the super capacitor (6), and the output end of the super capacitor (6) is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator (3); The microwave reflecting device (4) is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiating antenna (2) to the energy coupler (5); the energy coupler (5) is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; the supercapacitor (6) is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler (5) and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator (3).

6. A deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 5, characterized in that: The microwave reflecting device (4) adopts a microwave reflecting mirror; wherein the microwave reflecting surface of the microwave reflecting mirror is a parabola.

7. A deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of predicting preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade (100) to be deiced at the next moment based on the blade surface ice layer state data of the blade (100) to be deiced at the current moment and combining with the meteorological data of the area where the blade (100) to be deiced is located, comprises: The blade surface ice layer status data of the blade to be deiced (100) at the current moment and the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be deiced (100) is located are input as input data to an ice layer thickness prediction model, and the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade to be deiced (100) at the next moment is output; wherein the ice layer thickness prediction model is a prediction model based on an LSTM neural network.

8. The deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment include a predicted value of ice layer thickness and a predicted value of ice layer water content.

9. A deicing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 8, characterized in that: The process of controlling and adjusting the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator (3) according to preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment comprises: When the predicted value of the ice layer thickness is greater than or equal to 3 cm and less than 5 cm, the power mode of the microwave generator (3) is controlled to be a low power mode; wherein, in the low power mode, the power of the microwave generator (3) is 500-800 W; when the predicted value of the ice layer thickness exceeds 5 cm, the power mode of the microwave generator (3) is controlled to be a high power mode; wherein, in the high power mode, the power of the microwave generator (3) is 1200-1500 W; When the predicted value of the water content in the ice layer is between 5% and 10%, the frequency of the microwave generator (3) is controlled to be 2.45±0.05 GHz; when the predicted value of the water content in the ice layer is between 10% and 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator (3) is controlled to be 2.6±0.1 GHz; and when the predicted value of the water content in the ice layer exceeds 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator (3) is controlled to be 2.8±0.1 GHz.

10. A deicing method for wind turbine blades, characterized in that: Utilizing the deicing system for wind turbine blades as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The deicing method for wind power blades comprises: Collecting data on the ice layer status of the blade surface of the blade (100) to be de-iced at the current moment; Based on the blade surface ice layer state data of the blade to be deiced (100) at the current moment, and in combination with the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be deiced (100) is located, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade to be deiced (100) at the next moment is predicted; The operation mode of the microwave generator (3) is controlled and adjusted according to preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the fan blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment, so that the microwave generator (3) excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiation antenna (2), and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the fan blade (100) to be de-iced.

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