Self-feedback type slope splash erosion simulation device and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-feedback type slope splash erosion simulation device and a method thereof.The slope splash erosion simulation device comprises a rainfall system, a test soil bin, a control system and the like, the splash erosion simulation device can accurately simulate different types of rainfall conditions such as light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain, and the test soil bin can accurately simulate the rainfall conditions of different types. Raindrops of different sizes can be generated in the rainfall process, the splash erosion damage process of the raindrops to the soil surface in natural rainfall is simulated, the sizes of the raindrops can be adjusted and controlled according to actual needs, and the technical method of atomization and desublimation in sequence is provided, so that the uniformity of whole rainfall simulation is guaranteed, and the simulation efficiency is improved. And accurate simulation of rainfall intensity and accurate simulation of raindrop size can be realized, and the splash erosion simulation effect is more accurate after the automatic lifting system of the whole model soil tank is linked with rainfall control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical technology, and in particular relates to a self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, extreme climate has occurred frequently. Year-round drought and little rain, as well as short-term concentrated heavy rainfall, have caused serious soil erosion in various plateaus and desertified areas, environmental degradation, and increasingly barren land. At present, research on soil erosion mainly focuses on on-site detection and investigation, but the cost of on-site investigation and detection is high and the internal mechanism of soil erosion cannot be detected during the period of little rain. In order to find out the splash erosion of slope surfaces under rainfall scouring conditions, artificial rainfall simulation tests can be used to study the splash erosion and runoff generation process of slope surfaces under different working conditions, and provide optimized technical solutions for soil erosion prevention and control work and slope engineering protection in areas with concentrated rock and soil distribution. Therefore, a large-scale indoor simulation experimental device that can simulate on-site conditions, terrain environment, and topographic conditions is urgently needed to be developed. This equipment can not only simulate different rainfall intensities, but also solve the problem of slope splash erosion damage process under different rainfall angles. The invention has a wide range of applications. It can conduct real simulation tests on the arsenic sandstone slope soil distributed in the Ordos Plateau at the border between Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and northern Shaanxi, the black soil slope soil in Northeast China, the slope soil in the loess hilly gully area, the slope soil in the meadow area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the clay gravel layer slope soil in the upper reaches of the Wuhu River. It provides an effective method for exploring the mechanism of slope scouring and damage caused by rainfall, and lays a foundation for the control of soil erosion and the protection of slope stability.

[0003] At present, indoor artificial rainfall simulation tests cannot simulate the splash erosion process of slope surfaces under different rainfall angles. The technology is limited to vertical rainfall, and cannot change the rainfall angle and the physical form of water during rainfall. A series of factors make the test unable to restore the various conditions of real rainfall, resulting in a single test result.

[0004] The prior art uses a rain nozzle in the form of a shower or fire sprinkler to test the degree of splash erosion on the slope. The prior art rainfall equipment is in the form of a cube frame water pipe for test simulation. The prior art uses a manually controlled valve to supply the amount of water required for rainfall to test the degree of splash erosion on the slope. The prior art uses vertical rainfall to test the degree of splash erosion on the slope. The prior art uses a test soil trough with one side fixed and the other side variable in height to form different slope angles to test the degree of splash erosion on the slope.

[0005] The disadvantages of the prior art are as follows:

[0006] The rainfall in the indoor artificial rainfall simulation test is uneven. The current nozzle form makes the rainfall appear as an inverted cone-shaped aerosol with a hollow center. The nozzle type is single and cannot restore the various conditions of real rainfall.

[0007] Indoor artificial rainfall simulation tests are limited to vertical rainfall and cannot change the rainfall angle.

[0008] The water supply required for the indoor artificial rainfall simulation test requires manual control of valves, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the valves cannot be controlled on time to change the water, and the rainfall cannot be guaranteed to be uniform.

[0009] The height of the test soil trough in the indoor artificial rainfall simulation test cannot be changed as a whole, and the size and state of the raindrops received are different, so the degree of splash erosion on the slope cannot be guaranteed to be the same. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a self-fed slope splash erosion simulation device, which has the following structure: a drain outlet is arranged at the lower part of the rainfall rack, a test observation window, a rainfall rod, a rainfall linkage rod and a windproof cloth are all arranged at the upper part of the rainfall rack, rainfall nozzles are evenly arranged at a certain distance on the rainfall rod, and a gear is arranged at the extended end to make it mesh with the rainfall linkage rod, hydraulic telescopic rods are installed at both ends of the rainfall linkage rod, and the telescopic amount of the hydraulic telescopic rod is set by the line connection control terminal, so that the gear on the rainfall linkage rod drives the rainfall rod to tilt to achieve the rainfall angle required for the test, and cooperates with the liftable test soil trough to form a rainfall system that meets the test purpose and ensures the uniformity of rainfall, the top end of the test soil trough is connected to the drain outlet, the test soil trough base is connected to the test soil trough universal wheel, and a hydraulic telescopic system is respectively installed around the base, and the height and slope required for the test are calculated by a computer in cooperation with the rainfall linkage rod, and the connection line is connected to the control terminal for automatic adjustment, and the hydraulic telescopic system uses hydraulic The telescopic rod is pressed to ensure the height and load-bearing requirements of the test conditions. The hydraulic telescopic system is connected to the test soil trough slot upwards, so that the test soil trough and the test soil trough base equipped with the telescopic system can be detached. The lower part of the water tank base is connected to the water tank universal wheel, and the upper part supports the water tank. The water tank is connected to the pressure tank through a solenoid valve to accurately control the water replacement, water supply and drainage of the water tank. The water tank exhaust valve maintains the pressure balance in the water tank by excluding air, and cooperates with the linkage mechanism of the pressure tank for pressurization to ensure the normal operation of the water storage, water replacement and drainage process of the water storage system. A pressure tank drain valve is set at the bottom of the pressure tank. The air compressor and the pressure tank are connected to the control terminal through a line, and the solenoid valve between the water tank and the pressure tank is cooperated to achieve automatic control. The water supply system composed of the water tank and the air compressor provides the water required for rainfall, which is connected to the rainfall rod by a water pipe, and then the rainfall linkage rod system and the sprinkler condensation system cooperate to carry out rainfall, and the changes in the height and slope of the test soil trough are matched to simulate the rainfall conditions of different working conditions.

[0011] The hydraulic telescopic rod is an SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0012] The air compressor and the pressure tank are linked to each other, and the compressed air generated by the air compressor is stored in the pressure tank for use in subsequent rainfall. This can realize the centralized supply and management of compressed air, improve the working efficiency and stability of the air compressor, and meet the compressed air needs of different equipment.

[0013] The water inlet pipe is connected to the faucet through a water pipe to supply water to the water tank, completing the water flow from the faucet to the water storage line of the water tank through the water inlet pipe.

[0014] It also includes a hydraulic telescopic rod -, which enables the test soil trough to be raised and lowered according to test requirements, while forming the slope angle required for the test, and can also ensure the stability and firmness of the entire hydraulic telescopic system; a hydraulic rod bolt - is arranged between the test soil trough base and the test soil trough, and the hydraulic rod bolt - connects the hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0015] The upper part of the rain rack is provided with a rain rack diagonal support, a rain rod positioning hole, and a rain linkage rod positioning hole. The rain rod is installed between the rain rod positioning holes, and the rain linkage rod and the hydraulic telescopic rod are installed between the rain linkage rod positioning holes. The rain linkage rod positioning holes enable the rain linkage rod to be closely combined with the hydraulic rod when installed, thereby avoiding misalignment during the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod and making the change of the rainfall angle more accurate.

[0016] A condenser is provided on the outer surface of the condensation cone. The low-temperature circulation of the antifreeze in the condenser cools down the condensation cone, causing the rain mist sprayed from the nozzle to cool and condense, and finally the rainfall form changes from atomization to condensation of raindrops. The nozzle condensation device is connected to the control system by a connecting line. The temperature of the antifreeze in the condenser is set according to the test requirements, and the temperature and wind speed of the cold air generated by the cold air displacer are controlled to achieve raindrop control.

[0017] The function of the condensation device connecting thread is to connect the rainfall nozzle and the nozzle condensation device so that the nozzle condensation device can be installed or disassembled according to the test requirements.

[0018] A self-fed slope splash erosion simulation method, the relationship between the slope angle α formed by the test soil trough being raised and the distance h between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after being raised and the rainfall rack is as follows: according to the test requirements, the distance of the raindrop splash erosion slope can be set by raising or lowering the height of the rainfall rack or raising and lowering the test soil trough to achieve the splash erosion degree required by the test design. It can be assumed that the distance between the rainfall rack and the test soil trough before being raised, that is, parallel to the ground, is a certain value M, then the relationship between the test h, l, and M is: l = Mh - ①. From the trigonometric function relationship, it can be seen that in the triangle whose bottom is formed by the soil trough length L, the soil trough rising height l, and the soil trough rising angle α, it can be obtained that: l = L × sinα - ②. From the relationship ① and ②, it can be obtained that the relationship between the distance h between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after being raised and the rainfall rack and the slope angle α formed by the test soil trough being raised is: h = ML × sinα;

[0019] Wherein: h is the distance between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rainfall rack; l is the height of the end of the test soil trough; L is the length of the test soil trough; α is the slope angle formed by the elevation of the test soil trough; β is the angle between the raindrops and the slope during rainfall.

[0020] When the device provided by the present invention is used for indoor artificial rainfall, the slope angle during rainfall and the lifting height of the test soil trough are used in coordination, and the control terminal is connected and the required slope angle and the test soil trough height are directly set using computer software, so as to realize various possibilities of rainfall, break the traditional mode of manual calculation and manual setting, make the experimental results richer and more realistic, and reproduce the outdoor rainfall splash erosion and runoff generation process based on the model.

[0021] After the device provided by the present invention is connected to the water supply equipment, no manual control of the valve is required, which saves time and effort while ensuring stable water supply, making rainfall uniform and greatly reducing data errors caused by rainfall.

[0022] The rainfall nozzle provided by the present invention can be connected to a control system, and the condenser temperature can be set and the cold air displacer can be controlled according to test requirements to achieve raindrop control and form various modes of rainfall, thereby solving the problem that the raindrop type in previous tests is single and cannot be changed, and at the same time increasing the authenticity and reliability of the simulation test.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention changes the angle of the rainfall nozzle through automatic motor control, so that the slope surface can receive splash erosion under rainfall conditions of different angles. The main components of the device are obtained by modifying the existing nozzles and pipelines. The motor controls the hydraulic rod to extend and retract to drive the rainfall linkage rod to move, thereby changing the inclination angle of the pipeline. At the same time, in conjunction with the height change of the soil trough in the model test, the existing rainfall equipment can only rain vertically, increase the diversity of rainfall types, make the simulated rainfall closer to real rainfall, and the test results are more accurate, rich and reliable.

[0025] 2. The present invention changes the structure of the nozzle so that the rainfall form is no longer limited to the shower type or fire nozzle type. The device changes the physical form of rain during rainfall by adding a condensing device composed of a condenser and a cold air displacer to the existing nozzle. At the same time, a wireless signal transmitter and a control system are added to connect the nozzle to the computer software. During rainfall, the condenser temperature can be set and the cold air displacer can be controlled according to the test requirements to achieve raindrop control and restore the actual outdoor rainfall conditions as much as possible.

[0026] 3. The present invention changes the traditional manual control of the water tank valve to supply rainfall, and adopts a solenoid valve to control the water storage, water replacement and water supply of the water tank, which saves time and can accurately control the amount of water required for rainfall in the water tank, thus overcoming the shortcomings of large errors in experimental results caused by untimely manual control leading to changes in rainfall and uneven rainfall.

[0027] 4. The present invention changes the traditional cubic frame water pipe form of rainfall equipment, and is no longer limited to producing uneven raindrops, but instead changes the water supply pressure to atomize the rainfall drops to produce a solid cone rainfall surface.

[0028] 5. The present invention changes the traditional test soil trough and adds a detachable upper soil trough slot to make the sample loading and cleaning processes of the soil trough more convenient and simple; a hydraulic telescopic system is added to control the overall lifting of the test soil trough and achieve the required slope for the test, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of uneven rainfall on the slope and different forms of water during rainfall, which cause large errors in the test results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Overall schematic diagram of the present invention

[0030] Figure 2 Water tank diagram

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the test soil trough

[0032] Figure 4 Rain rack diagram

[0033] Figure 5 Detailed diagram of the rainfall linkage system

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of nozzle condensation system

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the relationship between slope angle and test soil trench lifting height. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the present invention Figure 1-7 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device, the present invention is composed of the following components: Figure 1Middle: 1-Drainage outlet: The drainage outlet is mainly used to discharge the accumulated water and silt generated during rainfall to prevent long-term accumulation of mud on the ground; 2-Test observation window: The test observation window is mainly used to place the photography bracket, and the test can be observed and recorded at any angle; 3-Rainfall rod: The rainfall nozzles are evenly arranged on the rain rod; 4-Gear: It is set at the end of the extended rain rod, and the gear engagement drives the rain rod to deflect; 5-Rainfall linkage rod: The side of the rain linkage rod that contacts the rain rod is set to a serrated shape that matches the gear. The main function is to deflect the rain rod by driving the gear rotation; 6-Windbreak cloth: The main function of the windbreak cloth is to reduce the influence of external wind on the angle of raindrops; 7-SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic Rod: The main function of the hydraulic telescopic rod is to control the movement of the rainfall linkage rod by extending a certain length; 8-Rainfall nozzle: The rainfall nozzle cannot be clearly shown in this figure. The main function of the rainfall nozzle is to make the rainwater present the form of atomization or raindrops under pressure; 9-Test soil trough slot: The main function is to connect the upper box of the test soil trough with the lower base. The slot is designed to be flexible and detachable, making the loading and cleaning of the soil trough convenient and fast; 10-Hydraulic telescopic system: The test soil trough can be raised and lowered and the slope angle can be set according to the test requirements; 11-Test soil trough: The test soil trough is used to fill the soil sample to form the slope required for the test; 12-Test soil trough universal wheel: used to move the test soil trough, easy to change the experiment The location and direction of the soil trough; 13- Drainage port: The drainage port of the test soil trough is used to observe and calculate the splash erosion degree and soil and water loss of the slope, so as to realize the scientific simulation of the rainfall erosion process, and can completely and effectively collect the runoff sediment generated by rainfall erosion, and ensure the accurate measurement of rainfall erosion; 14- Test soil trough base: used to support the upper box of the test soil trough and provide a carrier for the installation of the hydraulic telescopic system; 15- Control terminal: The main function of the control terminal is to control and monitor each part through the connection line, and to set the conditions of each part according to the test requirements; 16- Connection line: used to connect the motors of each part to the control terminal for unified control; 17- Water tank: used to store rainfall test The amount of water required for the test; 18-Water tank exhaust valve: The main function of the water tank exhaust valve is to exhaust air and maintain the pressure balance in the water tank; 19-Solenoid valve: The solenoid valve is used to accurately control the flow of rainfall water supply, and can be automatically opened or closed by an electrical signal to achieve self-feeding control of the water supply to the water tank; 20-Pressure tank drain valve: The pressure tank drain valve can discharge the water that flows back into the pressure tank during pressure reduction to ensure the normal operation of the pressure tank; 21-Water tank universal wheel: Convenient for moving the water tank and controlling the placement and direction of the water tank; 22-Water tank base: The function is to support the water tank; 23-Pressure tank: The pressure tank is used to pressurize the water in the water tank; 24-Air compressor: The function of the air compressor is to generate compressed air and store it in the pressure tank. The linkage operation between the various devices of the present invention is as follows: In the present invention, 1-the drain port is set Figure 4At the lower part of the rain rack, 2-test observation window, 3-rain rod, 5-rain linkage rod and 6-windproof cloth are all set at the upper part of the rain rack. 8-rain sprinklers are evenly arranged at a certain distance on the rain rod and 4-gears are set at the extended end to make it engage with the rain linkage rod. 7-SMC-NH hydraulic telescopic rods are installed at both ends of the rain linkage rod. The telescopic amount of the hydraulic telescopic rod is set through 16-line connection 15-control terminal, so that the gear on the rain linkage rod drives the rain rod to tilt and achieve the rainfall angle required for the test. Figure 3 The test soil trough forms a rainfall system that meets the test purpose and ensures the uniformity of rainfall. The top end of the 11-test soil trough is connected to the 13-drainage port, and the 14-test soil trough base is connected to the 12-test soil trough universal wheel. A 10-hydraulic telescopic system is installed around the base. The required height and slope of the test are calculated by the computer in conjunction with the rainfall linkage rod, and the connection line is connected to the control terminal for automatic adjustment. The SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rod is used in the hydraulic telescopic system to ensure the height and load-bearing requirements of the test conditions. The hydraulic telescopic system is connected to the 9-test soil trough card slot upward, so that the soil trough and the test soil trough base equipped with the telescopic system can meet the requirements of detachability. The lower part of the 22-water tank base is connected to the 21-water tank universal wheel, and the upper part supports the 17-water tank. The water tank is connected to the 23-pressure tank through the 19-solenoid valve, which can accurately control the water tank water change, water supply and drainage. The 18-water tank exhaust valve maintains the pressure balance in the water tank by excluding air, and cooperates with the linkage mechanism of the pressure tank for pressurization to ensure the normal operation of the water storage system during water storage, water change and drainage. A pressure tank drain valve 20 is set at the bottom of the pressure tank. 24-The linkage between the air compressor and the pressure tank refers to a working mode in which the compressed air generated by the air compressor is stored in the pressure tank through a specific control system and equipment for use in subsequent rainfall. This linkage can realize the centralized supply and management of compressed air, improve the working efficiency and stability of the air compressor, and meet the compressed air needs of different equipment. The system characteristics of the linkage between the air compressor and the pressure tank are high efficiency and energy saving, stable supply, safety and reliability. The air compressor and the pressure tank also need to be connected to the control terminal by line. The computer software can be used to set the rainfall intensity, observe the water storage situation in the water tank in real time, and cooperate with the solenoid valve between the water tank and the pressure tank to achieve automatic control. The overall linkage of the present invention is to provide the water required for rainfall through a water supply system composed of a water tank and an air compressor, which is connected to the rainfall rod by a water pipe, and then by the rainfall linkage rod system and Figure 6 The sprinkler condensation system is used in conjunction with the test soil trough to simulate rainfall conditions in different working conditions by changing the height and slope.

[0038] Figure 2In the middle: 16-connection line; 18-exhaust valve; 19-solenoid valve; 20-pressure tank drain valve; 21-water tank universal wheel; 22-water tank base; 23-pressure tank; 25-water inlet pipe: The main function of the water inlet pipe is to supply water to 17-water tank through the water pipe connecting the faucet, completing the water flow from the faucet to the water storage line of the water tank through the water inlet pipe.

[0039] Figure 3 Middle: 9-test soil trough slot; 10-hydraulic telescopic system; 10-1-hydraulic telescopic rod: the main function of the hydraulic telescopic rod is to enable the test soil trough to be raised and lowered according to the test requirements, while forming the slope angle required for the test, and also ensuring the stability and firmness of the entire hydraulic telescopic system; 10-2-hydraulic rod bolt: the hydraulic rod bolt is used to connect the hydraulic telescopic rod; 11-test soil trough; 12-test soil trough universal wheel; 13-drainage port; 14-test soil trough base.

[0040] Figure 4 Middle: 1-drainage outlet; 2-test observation window; 6-windproof cloth; 26-rain rack diagonal brace: the function of the rain rack diagonal brace is to make the foundation of the rain rack stable and not easy to be damaged; 27-rain rod positioning hole: the rain rod positioning hole is used to install the rain rod with a sprinkler head to ensure equal and uniform rainfall spacing; 28-rain linkage rod positioning hole: the function of the rain linkage rod positioning hole is to install the rain linkage rod so that it is closely combined with the hydraulic rod to avoid misalignment during the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod, so that the rainfall angle changes more accurately. The connections between the components are: 26-rain rack diagonal brace, 27-rain rod positioning hole, 28-rain linkage rod positioning hole are all set Figure 4 On the upper part of the rainfall rack, 3-rainfall rod is installed between the rainfall rod positioning holes, 5-rainfall linkage rod and 7-SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rod are installed between the rainfall linkage rod positioning holes.

[0041] Figure 5 Middle: 2-test observation window; 3-rain rod; 4-gear; 5-rain linkage rod; 6-windproof cloth; 7-SMC-NH hydraulic telescopic rod; 8-rain sprinkler. The main functions of 2-8 have been mentioned before, so they will not be introduced in detail in this paragraph.

[0042] Figure 6Chinese: 29-Nozzle pressure chamber: The main function of the nozzle pressure chamber is to apply a certain pressure to the nozzle, which can accurately control a series of parameters of rainfall spraying, so that uniform and continuous water is sprayed out from the nozzle mouth connected at the bottom in atomized form; 30-Condensation device connecting thread: The function of the condensation device connecting thread is to connect the nozzle and the condensation system, so that the condensation system can be installed or disassembled according to the test requirements: if the test requires vertical rainfall raindrops or drizzle, the condensation device can be installed on the nozzle; if the test requires atomized rain with a changeable rainfall angle, the condensation device can be removed; 31-Condenser: The main function of the condenser is to cool the wound condenser cone by circulating the antifreeze in the tube. The outside of the condenser is wrapped with a heat insulation layer to maintain the stability of the antifreeze temperature in the condenser and ensure that the condensation degree of rain and fog is equal; 32-Condensation cone: The main function of the condenser cone is to provide a low-temperature environment for the condensation and sublimation of rain and fog, and it is a carrier for installing condensers and cold air displacers. The inner and outer surfaces of the condensation cone are coated with a material that prevents the water mist from cooling and condensing into water droplets, so as to prevent the water droplets formed by cooling and condensation from sliding down the inner and outer surfaces of the condensation cone, causing splashing on the slope, and making the test precision and accuracy results questionable; 33-cold air displacer: The function of the cold air displacer is to produce cold air with a certain degree of saturation, which will intersect with the early micro-raindrops after entering the rain collection pipe, produce condensation, and make the raindrops larger; 34-wireless signal transmitter: The wireless signal receiver is the interactive end between the nozzle and the computer software. The condensation system operates in linkage as follows: 31-condensation tube is set on the outer surface of the 32-condensation cone. The low-temperature circulation of antifreeze in the condensation tube cools the condensation cone, causing the rain mist sprayed from the 29-nozzle to cool and condense, and finally changes the rainfall form from atomization to raindrops. Different types of rainfall can be set according to the test requirements: if the rainfall test requires raindrops, the condensation tube and 33-cold air displacer are turned on at the same time to make the atomized water condense and sublimate to form raindrops; if drizzle or water mist is simulated, Figure 6 The condensation system is removed; the condensation tube or the cold air displacer can also be used alone to meet the different rainfall simulations in various working conditions. The nozzle condensation device is connected to the control system by a connecting line. The temperature of the antifreeze in the condensation tube is set according to the test requirements, and the temperature and wind speed of the cold air generated by the cold air displacer are controlled to achieve raindrop control.

[0043] Figure 7In: h-the distance between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rainfall rack; l-the height of the end of the test soil trough; L-the length of the test soil trough; α-the slope angle formed by the test soil trough being raised; β-the angle between the raindrops and the slope during rainfall. The relationship between the slope angle α formed by the test soil trough being raised and the distance h between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rainfall rack is as follows: According to the test requirements, the distance of the raindrop splashing the slope can be set by raising or lowering the height of the rainfall rack or raising and lowering the test soil trough to achieve the splashing degree required by the test design. It can be assumed that the distance between the rainfall rack and the test soil trough before it is raised, that is, parallel to the ground, is a certain value M. Then the relationship between h, l, and M is: l = Mh-①. From the trigonometric function relationship, it can be seen that in the triangle formed by the soil trough length L, the soil trough raising height l, and the soil trough raising angle α at the bottom, it can be obtained: l = L×sinα-②. From the combined relationship of ① and ②, it can be concluded that the relationship between the distance h between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rainfall rack and the slope angle α formed by the raised test soil trough is: h = ML × sinα.

[0044] The present invention mainly protects a rainfall pipe driven by a motor and capable of changing its inclination angle, and a technical method of a trough capable of automatically raising and lowering a required height, so that rainfall can evenly cover the entire slope surface.

[0045] The present invention mainly protects the technical method of a nozzle that changes the physical state of rainfall through a condensation device, so that the simulated rainfall form is more comprehensive.

[0046] The present invention mainly protects the technical method of controlling the automatic water storage, water change and water supply of the water tank valve by the solenoid valve, so that the supply of rainfall is more timely.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] 1. Device assembly: First, connect the hydraulic telescopic rod, test soil trough, sensor, water tank, air compressor and condensation system to the control terminal through connecting lines.

[0049] 2. Device settings: According to the test requirements, the required type of rainfall raindrops, rainfall angle, test soil trough height and slope gradient are set through computer software.

[0050] 3. Start the test: After completing the settings of each device, set the rainfall intensity according to the test requirements, turn on the water tank and air compressor to start the rainfall test, observe the remaining water in the water tank in the computer and the readings of the sensor, determine the splashing degree of the slope under the conditions of rainfall scouring and the flow and sand production at the drain outlet of the test soil trough, and provide basic data for the subsequent numerical simulation analysis. Rainfall simulation tests under different working conditions can be carried out as needed.

[0051] 4. Completion of the test: After the indoor artificial rainfall simulation test is completed, the computer controls the stopping of rainfall, fills the water tank with water, cleans the test soil trough, sensors and other devices, and the rainfall equipment needs to be regularly maintained by specialized technicians to ensure the reliability and authenticity of the collected data.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment selected based on the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The specific implementation method is not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements to the technical solution of the present invention. However, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device, characterized in that: The structure is as follows: a drainage port (1) is arranged at the lower part of a rainfall rack (41); a test observation window (2), a rainfall rod (3), a rainfall linkage rod (5) and a windproof cloth (6) are all arranged at the upper part of the rainfall rack (41); rainfall nozzles (8) are evenly arranged at a certain distance on the rainfall rod (3); a gear (4) is arranged at the extended end so as to engage with the rainfall linkage rod (5); hydraulic telescopic rods (7) are installed at both ends of the rainfall linkage rod (5); a control terminal (15) is connected via a line (16) to set the telescopic amount of the hydraulic telescopic rod (7), so that the gear on the rainfall linkage rod (5) drives the rainfall rod (3) to tilt, thereby achieving The rainfall angle required for the test is matched with the test soil trough (11) which can be raised and lowered to form a rainfall system that meets the purpose of the test and ensures the uniformity of rainfall. The top end of the test soil trough (11) is connected to the drain port (13), and the test soil trough base (14) is connected to the test soil trough universal wheel (12). A hydraulic telescopic system (10) is installed around the base. The computer calculates the height and slope required for the test in conjunction with the rainfall linkage rod (5), and the control terminal (15) is connected to the connection line for automatic adjustment. The hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is used in the hydraulic telescopic system (10) to ensure the height requirements and load-bearing requirements of the test conditions. The hydraulic expansion and contraction system (10) is connected to the test soil trough clamping groove (9) upwards, so that the test soil trough (11) and the test soil trough base (14) equipped with the expansion and contraction system can be disassembled. The lower part of the water tank base (22) is connected to the water tank universal wheel (21), and the upper part supports the water tank (17). The water tank (17) is connected to the pressure tank (23) through the electromagnetic valve (19), and the water tank (17) is accurately controlled to change water, supply water and drain water. The water tank exhaust valve (18) maintains the pressure balance in the water tank (17) by exhausting air, and cooperates with the pressure tank (23) to perform a linkage mechanism for pressurization, so as to ensure that the water storage, water change and drainage of the water storage system are smooth. In order to ensure the normal operation of the process, a pressure tank drain valve (20) is provided at the bottom of the pressure tank (23), and the air compressor (24) and the pressure tank (23) are connected to the control terminal (15) through a line, and cooperate with the solenoid valve (19) between the water tank (17) and the pressure tank (23) to achieve automatic control. The water supply system composed of the water tank (17) and the air compressor (24) provides the required amount of water for rainfall, which is connected to the rainfall rod (3) by a water pipe, and then rainfall is carried out by the cooperation of the rainfall linkage rod (5) and the nozzle condensation system (60), and the changes in the height and slope of the test soil trough are matched to achieve the requirements of simulating rainfall conditions under different working conditions.

2. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is an SMC-NH type hydraulic telescopic rod.

3. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air compressor (24) and the pressure tank (23) are linked to each other, and the compressed air generated by the air compressor (24) is stored in the pressure tank (23) for use in subsequent rainfall. This can realize the centralized supply and management of compressed air, improve the working efficiency and stability of the air compressor, and meet the needs of different equipment for compressed air.

4. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet pipe (25) is connected to the faucet through a water pipe to supply water to the water tank (17), completing the water flow from the faucet to the water storage circuit of the water tank (17) through the water inlet pipe (25).

5. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a hydraulic telescopic rod (10-1), which enables the test soil trough (11) to be raised or lowered according to test requirements, while forming a slope angle required for the test, and can also ensure the stability and firmness of the entire hydraulic telescopic system; a hydraulic rod bolt (10-2) is provided between the test soil trough base (14) and the test soil trough (11), and the hydraulic rod bolt (10-2) is connected to the hydraulic telescopic rod (7).

6. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the rain frame (41) is provided with a rain frame diagonal brace (26), a rain rod positioning hole (27), and a rain linkage rod positioning hole (28); the rain rod (3) is installed between the rain rod positioning holes (27); the rain linkage rod (5) and the hydraulic telescopic rod (7) are installed between the rain linkage rod positioning holes (28); the rain linkage rod positioning holes (28) enable the rain linkage rod (5) to be closely combined with the hydraulic rod when installed, thereby avoiding misalignment during the extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod and making the change of the rainfall angle more accurate.

7. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A condensation tube (31) is arranged on the outer surface of the condensation cone (32). The antifreeze in the condensation tube (31) circulates at low temperature to cool the condensation cone (32), causing the rain mist sprayed from the nozzle port (29) to cool and condense, and finally causing the rainfall form to change from atomization to condensation to raindrops. The nozzle condensation device (61) is connected to the control system by a connecting line. The temperature of the antifreeze in the condensation tube is set according to the test requirements, and the temperature and wind speed of the cold air generated by the cold air displacer are controlled to achieve raindrop control.

8. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The function of the condensation device connecting thread (30) is to connect the rainfall nozzle (8) and the nozzle condensation system (60), so that the nozzle condensation system (60) can be installed or disassembled according to test requirements.

9. A self-feeding slope splash erosion simulation method, characterized in that: The relationship between the slope angle α formed by the test soil trough being raised and the distance h between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rainfall rack is as follows: According to the test requirements, the distance of the raindrop splashing slope can be set by raising or lowering the height of the rainfall rack or raising and lowering the test soil trough to achieve the splashing degree required by the test design. It can be assumed that the distance between the rainfall rack and the test soil trough before it is raised, that is, parallel to the ground, is a certain value M. Then the relationship between the test h, l, and M is: l = Mh-①. From the trigonometric function relationship, it can be seen that in the triangle whose bottom is formed by the soil trough length L, the soil trough raising height l, and the soil trough raising angle α, it can be obtained that: l = L×sinα-②. From the relationship ① and ②, it can be obtained that the relationship between the distance h between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rainfall rack and the slope angle α formed by the test soil trough being raised is: h = ML×sinα; Wherein: h is the distance between the highest point of the end of the test soil trough after it is raised and the rainfall rack; l is the height of the end of the test soil trough; L is the length of the test soil trough; α is the slope angle formed by the elevation of the test soil trough; β is the angle between the raindrops and the slope during rainfall.

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