Flocculation residue detection method based on machine vision

Abstract

The invention discloses a flocculation residue detection method based on machine vision, relates to the technical field of flocculation residue detection, and solves the technical problem that in the prior art, flocculation residue detection cannot be carried out according to the flocculation reaction progress and flocculation reaction analysis, in particular to flocculation reaction monitoring. Whether the reaction process of the flocculating agent is abnormal or not is inferred according to the sub-frame pictures, and the reaction process of the flocculating agent is inspected through image recognition; monitoring the characteristics of the flocculating constituent, namely monitoring the characteristics of the flocculating constituent generated after the flocculating constituent is put after the flocculating constituent is deduced to fully react through image recognition; flocculation residue detection: carrying out flocculation residue detection according to the flocculation reaction progress and flocculating constituent reaction analysis, and deducing whether a residue risk exists in the current treated water through residue detection; and performing residue analysis and checking, and detecting the execution process of the flocculation reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of flocculation residue detection, and in particular to a flocculation residue detection method based on machine vision. Background Art

[0002] Machine vision is a multidisciplinary technical field involving computer science, optics, mechanical engineering, etc. It uses extracted features to identify and classify targets through machine learning or deep learning algorithms; flocculation is a process widely used in the fields of chemistry and environmental engineering, mainly used to aggregate tiny particles suspended in liquids to form larger flocs, thereby facilitating the separation and removal of these particles.

[0003] However, in the prior art, the efficiency of flocculant delivery cannot be evaluated at the initial stage of the flocculation reaction, which increases the risk of the flocculation reaction. At the same time, the flocculent characteristics of the flocculation reaction cannot be monitored, which reduces the control efficiency of the flocculation reaction. In addition, the flocculation residue cannot be detected based on the flocculation reaction progress and flocculent reaction analysis, which reduces the residual risk estimation and affects the water treatment efficiency of the flocculation reaction.

[0004] In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to propose a flocculation residue detection method based on machine vision.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A flocculation residue detection method based on machine vision, the specific flocculation residue detection method process is as follows:

[0008] Image recognition and acquisition: use machine vision technology to collect images of the flocculant use process, divide the collected images into several sub-frame images, and sort them according to the image acquisition time sequence;

[0009] Floc reaction monitoring: infer whether there is any abnormality in the reaction process of the flocculant based on each sub-frame image, and inspect the reaction process of the flocculant through image recognition;

[0010] Flocculant feature monitoring: after inferring that the flocculant has reacted sufficiently through image recognition, the flocculants produced after the flocculant is added are monitored for their features;

[0011] Flocculation residue detection: Flocculation residue detection is carried out according to the flocculation reaction progress and flocculent reaction analysis, and the residue detection is used to infer whether there is a residual risk in the current treated water;

[0012] Residue analysis check to detect the flocculation reaction process.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the floc reaction monitoring process is as follows:

[0014] Powder reaction information and liquid reaction information are collected. If the powder reaction information exceeds the span-to-time ratio threshold and the liquid reaction information does not exceed the concentration floating span threshold, an efficient delivery signal is generated; if the powder reaction information does not exceed the span-to-time ratio threshold, or the liquid reaction information exceeds the concentration floating span threshold, an inefficient delivery signal is generated.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the powder reaction information and the liquid reaction information are respectively the ratio of the increase in the span of the dissipation rate of the surface components of the flocculant after the powder flocculant is put into the water to the span time corresponding to the residence time of the flocculant powder particles, and the concentration fluctuation span value of the liquid flocculant corresponding to each area in the water after the liquid flocculant is put into the water.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the floc characteristics monitoring process is as follows:

[0017] The duration characteristic data and the formation characteristic data are collected. If the duration characteristic data exceeds the time ratio threshold and the formation characteristic data exceeds the volume quantity ratio threshold, a flocculent characteristic qualified signal is generated; if the duration characteristic data does not exceed the time ratio threshold, or the formation characteristic data does not exceed the volume quantity ratio threshold, a flocculent characteristic unqualified signal is generated.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the duration characteristic data and the formation characteristic data are respectively the ratio of the duration of the rising trend of the volume increase rate during the floc formation period in the flocculation reaction process to the duration of the constant trend of the volume increase rate, and the volume quantity ratio of the peak value of the volume increase of a single floc in the flocculation reaction process to the quantity deviation of multiple flocs at different water positions.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flocculation residue detection process is as follows:

[0020] The filtration impact data and concentration impact data are collected, and the filtration impact data and concentration impact data are respectively the excess of the flocculant particle diameter whose adsorption volume does not exceed the set volume threshold during the flocculation reaction and the current filtration diameter, and the reduced span of the flocculant concentration before and after the flocculation reaction corresponding to the treated water position where the number of flocs formed during the flocculation reaction is the lowest.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if the filtering impact data does not exceed the diameter excess threshold, or the concentration impact data does not exceed the concentration decrease span threshold, a high residual risk signal is generated; if the filtering impact data exceeds the diameter excess threshold, and the concentration impact data exceeds the concentration decrease span threshold, a low residual risk signal is generated.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the residual analysis verification process is as follows:

[0023] Collect residual analysis information, obtain the residual impact check coefficient through calculation, and compare the residual impact check coefficient with the residual impact check coefficient threshold: if the residual impact check coefficient exceeds the residual impact check coefficient threshold, generate a reaction execution rectification signal; if the residual impact check coefficient does not exceed the residual impact check coefficient threshold, generate a reaction execution qualified signal and send the reaction execution qualified signal to the reaction monitor terminal.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the residual analysis information includes the maximum increase span value of the flocculant concentration in the treated water corresponding to the flocculant dosage increase stage, the non-overlapping time length of the flocculation reaction insufficient period and the flocculation reaction intervention period, and the proportion of floccules sinking to the bottom of the treated water corresponding to the treated water position when the real-time hydraulic value of the treated water is at the valley value.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. In the present invention, whether there is any abnormality in the reaction process of the flocculant is inferred based on each subframe image, and the reaction process of the flocculant is inspected through image recognition to ensure that the flocculant reacts sufficiently, so as to ensure the high efficiency of the flocculation water treatment technology, avoid the influence of flocculant residue on water quality, and reduce the feasibility of the flocculation water treatment technology;

[0027] After inferring that the flocculant has reacted fully through image recognition, the characteristics of the floccules produced after the flocculant is added are monitored. The real-time treatment efficiency of the real-time flocculation water treatment process after the flocculant reacts is judged based on the characteristic monitoring of the floccules, to avoid the situation where the flocculant reacts fully but the floc formation is affected, so as to achieve the efficiency of real-time progress control of flocculation water treatment, ensure the controllability of the flocculation water treatment process, reduce the impact of external reactions, and make timely adjustments when impacts occur to ensure the progress of flocculation water treatment.

[0028] 2. In the present invention, flocculation residue detection is performed according to the flocculation reaction progress and flocculent reaction analysis, and whether there is a residual risk in the current treated water is inferred through the residue detection, thereby improving the timeliness of the regulation of flocculation water treatment, ensuring that the side effects of flocculation water treatment are minimized, and ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of flocculation water treatment;

[0029] The flocculation reaction execution process is detected, and the flocculation reaction execution process detection is used to infer whether there is flocculation residual influence in the flocculation water treatment execution process. According to the execution process detection, the residual risk of flocculation water treatment operation can be effectively reduced, and the efficiency of flocculation water treatment operation is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the overall method of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 The flowchart of floc reaction monitoring in the present invention is shown in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0035] See also Figure 1 As shown, a flocculation residue detection method based on machine vision is shown, and the specific flocculation residue detection method process is as follows:

[0036] Image recognition and acquisition: Use machine vision technology to collect images of the flocculant use process, divide the collected images into several sub-frames, and sort them according to the image acquisition time sequence; detect flocculation residues through image recognition analysis;

[0037] Floc reaction monitoring: infer whether there are any abnormalities in the reaction process of the flocculant based on each sub-frame image, and inspect the reaction process of the flocculant through image recognition to ensure that the flocculant reacts fully, so as to ensure the efficiency of the flocculation water treatment technology, avoid the impact of flocculant residue on water quality, and reduce the feasibility of flocculation water treatment technology;

[0038] Flocculant characteristic monitoring: after inferring that the flocculant has reacted sufficiently through image recognition, the characteristic monitoring of the flocculants generated after the flocculant is added is carried out. The real-time treatment efficiency of the real-time flocculation water treatment process after the flocculant has reacted is judged based on the characteristic monitoring of the flocculants, so as to avoid the situation where the flocculant has reacted sufficiently but the flocculant formation is affected, so as to achieve the efficiency of real-time progress control of flocculation water treatment, ensure the controllability of the flocculation water treatment process, reduce the impact of external reactions, and make timely adjustments when impacts occur to ensure the progress of flocculation water treatment;

[0039] Flocculation residue detection: Flocculation residue detection is carried out according to the flocculation reaction progress and flocculent reaction analysis. Through residue detection, it is inferred whether there is a residual risk in the current treated water, so as to improve the timeliness of the regulation of flocculation water treatment, to ensure that the side effects of flocculation water treatment are minimized, and to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of flocculation water treatment;

[0040] Residual analysis and verification: the flocculation reaction execution process is tested. Through the flocculation reaction execution process test, it is inferred whether there is flocculation residual influence in the flocculation water treatment execution process. According to the execution process test, the residual risk of the flocculation water treatment operation can be effectively reduced, and the efficiency of the flocculation water treatment operation is improved;

[0041] See also Figure 2 As shown, the floc reaction monitoring process is as follows:

[0042] During the flocculation reaction, the ratio of the span of the increase in the dissipation speed of the surface components of the flocculant after the powder flocculant is added to the water to the span time corresponding to the retention time of the flocculant powder particles is obtained. At the same time, the concentration floating span value of the liquid flocculant in each area of ​​the water corresponding to the liquid flocculant after the liquid flocculant is added is obtained. The ratio of the span of the increase in the dissipation speed of the surface components of the flocculant after the powder flocculant is added to the water to the span time corresponding to the retention time of the flocculant powder particles and the concentration floating span value of the liquid flocculant in each area of ​​the water after the liquid flocculant is added are marked as powder reaction information and liquid reaction information, respectively, and compared with the span time ratio threshold and the concentration floating span threshold, respectively:

[0043] If the ratio of the increase in the span of the dissipation rate of the surface components of the flocculant after the powder flocculant is added to the water and the span time corresponding to the residence time of the flocculant powder particles exceeds the span time ratio threshold, and the concentration fluctuation span values ​​of the corresponding liquid flocculants in each area of ​​the water after the liquid flocculant is added do not exceed the concentration fluctuation span threshold, it is inferred that the flocculant delivery of the flocculation reaction is efficient, and an efficient delivery signal is generated and sent to the reaction monitor terminal at the current moment;

[0044] If the ratio of the increase in the span of the dissipation rate of the surface components of the flocculant after the powder flocculant is added to the water and the span-time ratio corresponding to the retention time of the flocculant powder particles does not exceed the span-time ratio threshold, or the concentration fluctuation span values ​​of the corresponding liquid flocculants in each area of ​​the water after the liquid flocculant is added exceed the concentration fluctuation span threshold, it is inferred that the flocculant delivery of the flocculation reaction is inefficient, and an inefficient delivery signal is generated and sent to the reaction monitor terminal at the current moment. After receiving the inefficient delivery signal, the reaction monitor manually intervenes in the current flocculation reaction to improve the delivery efficiency of the flocculant, that is, to ensure that the reaction is sufficient;

[0045] The floc characteristics monitoring process is as follows:

[0046] After the flocculant is added, the water is treated in real time to produce a flocculation reaction and form flocs, and the duration of the rising trend of the volume increase rate in the floc formation period during the flocculation reaction and the duration of the constant trend of the volume increase rate are obtained. At the same time, the volume quantity ratio corresponding to the volume increase peak value of a single floc in the flocculation reaction and the number deviation of multiple flocs at different water positions are obtained. The duration ratio of the rising trend of the volume increase rate in the floc formation period during the flocculation reaction and the duration of the constant trend of the volume increase rate, and the volume quantity ratio corresponding to the volume increase peak value of a single floc in the flocculation reaction and the number deviation of multiple flocs at different water positions are marked as time characteristic data and formation characteristic data, respectively, and compared with the time ratio threshold and the volume quantity ratio threshold, respectively: the numerical ratio is expressed as a numerical comparison of the corresponding data, without considering the problem of inconsistent data units, and only the impact of numerical fluctuations is analyzed;

[0047] If the duration of the rising trend of volume increase rate in the floc formation period during the flocculation reaction and the duration of the constant trend of volume increase rate during the flocculation reaction process have a time ratio ratio that exceeds a time ratio threshold, and the volume quantity ratio of the peak value of volume increase corresponding to a single floc and the quantity deviation of multiple flocs corresponding to different water positions during the flocculation reaction process exceeds a volume quantity ratio threshold, it is inferred that the characteristic monitoring of the flocs during the flocculation reaction process is qualified, a floc characteristic qualified signal is generated, and the floc characteristic qualified signal is sent to the reaction monitor terminal;

[0048] If the duration of the rising trend of the volume increase rate in the floc formation period during the flocculation reaction and the duration of the constant trend of the volume increase rate do not exceed the time ratio threshold, or the volume quantity ratio of the peak value of the volume increase of a single floc and the quantity deviation of multiple flocs at different water positions during the flocculation reaction does not exceed the volume quantity ratio threshold, it is inferred that the characteristic monitoring of the flocs during the flocculation reaction is unqualified, and a floc characteristic unqualified signal is generated and sent to the reaction monitor terminal. After receiving the floc characteristic unqualified signal, the reaction monitor intervenes in the flocculation reaction to increase the floc production rate;

[0049] The flocculation residue detection process is as follows:

[0050] The excess of the floc particle diameter whose adsorption volume does not exceed the set volume threshold during the flocculation reaction and the current filtration diameter is obtained, and at the same time, the decrease span of the flocculant concentration before and after the flocculation reaction corresponding to the treated water position with the lowest number of flocs formed during the flocculation reaction is obtained. The excess of the floc particle diameter whose adsorption volume does not exceed the set volume threshold during the flocculation reaction and the current filtration diameter, and the decrease span of the flocculant concentration before and after the flocculation reaction corresponding to the treated water position with the lowest number of flocs formed during the flocculation reaction are marked as filtration impact data and concentration impact data, respectively, and compared with the diameter excess threshold and the concentration decrease span threshold, respectively:

[0051] If the excess of the diameter of the flocculant particles whose adsorption volume does not exceed the set volume threshold during the flocculation reaction and the current filtration diameter does not exceed the diameter excess threshold, or the decrease span of the flocculant concentration before and after the flocculation reaction corresponding to the treated water position where the number of flocculants formed in the flocculation reaction is the lowest does not exceed the concentration decrease span threshold, then it is inferred that the flocculation residual detection risk is high, and a high residual risk signal is generated and sent to the reaction monitor terminal. After receiving the high residual risk signal, the reaction monitor terminal does not stop the flocculation reaction temporarily, and performs flocculation reaction on the treated water after filtering the large-particle flocculants;

[0052] If the excess between the diameter of the flocculent particles whose adsorption volume does not exceed the set volume threshold during the flocculation reaction and the current filtration diameter exceeds the diameter excess threshold, and the decrease span of the flocculant concentration before and after the flocculation reaction corresponding to the treated water position where the number of floccules formed is the lowest during the flocculation reaction exceeds the concentration decrease span threshold, it is inferred that the flocculation residual detection risk is low, a low residual risk signal is generated and sent to the reaction monitor terminal;

[0053] The residual analysis verification process is as follows:

[0054] The maximum increase span value of the flocculant concentration in the treated water corresponding to the flocculant dosage increase stage during the flocculation reaction execution is obtained, and the non-overlapping duration of the flocculation reaction insufficient period and the flocculation reaction intervention period during the flocculation reaction execution is obtained, and the maximum increase span value of the flocculant concentration in the treated water corresponding to the flocculant dosage increase stage during the flocculation reaction execution, and the non-overlapping duration of the flocculation reaction insufficient period and the flocculation reaction intervention period during the flocculation reaction execution are marked as SK and SCZ respectively; wherein the reaction intervention is represented by increasing the stirring time, accelerating the stirring speed, etc.;

[0055] Obtain the percentage of floccules that sink to the bottom of the corresponding treated water position when the real-time hydraulic value of the treated water is at a valley value during the execution of the flocculation reaction, and mark the percentage of floccules that sink to the bottom of the corresponding treated water position when the real-time hydraulic value of the treated water is at a valley value during the execution of the flocculation reaction as SLB;

[0056] The above collected data are uniformly marked as residual analysis information, and substituted into the formula to obtain the residual influence verification coefficient during the flocculation reaction execution process. The formula is: Wherein, X is the residual effect verification coefficient, fac1, fac2 and fac3 are preset proportional coefficients, and gf is the error correction factor, which is 1.2;

[0057] Compare the residual impact check factor to the residual impact check factor threshold:

[0058] If the residual impact check coefficient exceeds the residual impact check coefficient threshold, it is inferred that the residual impact analysis of the flocculation reaction execution process is abnormal, a reaction execution rectification signal is generated and the reaction execution rectification signal is sent to the reaction monitor terminal. After receiving the reaction execution rectification signal, the reaction monitor rectify the flocculation reaction execution;

[0059] If the residual impact check coefficient does not exceed the residual impact check coefficient threshold, it is inferred that the residual impact analysis of the flocculation reaction execution process is normal, and a reaction execution qualified signal is generated and sent to the reaction monitor terminal;

[0060] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation, and a formula close to the actual value is selected. The coefficients in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions;

[0061] When the present invention is in use, image recognition and collection are performed, and images of the flocculant use process are collected through machine vision technology, and the collected images are divided into a number of sub-frame pictures, and are sorted according to the image collection time sequence; flocculant reaction monitoring is performed, and whether there is an abnormality in the reaction process of the flocculant is inferred according to each sub-frame picture, and the reaction process of the flocculant is inspected through image recognition; flocculant feature monitoring is performed, and after inferring that the flocculant has reacted sufficiently through image recognition, the feature of the flocculent generated after the flocculant is added is monitored; flocculation residue detection is performed, and flocculation residue detection is performed according to the flocculation reaction progress and flocculant reaction analysis, and whether there is a residual risk in the current treated water is inferred through residue detection; residue analysis verification is performed to detect the flocculation reaction execution process.

[0062] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A flocculation residue detection method based on machine vision, characterized in that: The specific flocculation residue detection method process is as follows: Image recognition and acquisition: use machine vision technology to collect images of the flocculant use process, divide the collected images into several sub-frame images, and sort them according to the image acquisition time sequence; Floc reaction monitoring: infer whether there is any abnormality in the reaction process of the flocculant based on each sub-frame image, and inspect the reaction process of the flocculant through image recognition; Flocculant feature monitoring: after inferring that the flocculant has reacted sufficiently through image recognition, the flocculants produced after the flocculant is added are monitored for their features; Flocculation residue detection: Flocculation residue detection is carried out according to the flocculation reaction progress and flocculent reaction analysis, and the residue detection is used to infer whether there is a residual risk in the current treated water; Residue analysis check to detect the flocculation reaction process.

2. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floc reaction monitoring process is as follows: Powder reaction information and liquid reaction information are collected. If the powder reaction information exceeds the span-to-time ratio threshold and the liquid reaction information does not exceed the concentration floating span threshold, an efficient delivery signal is generated; if the powder reaction information does not exceed the span-to-time ratio threshold, or the liquid reaction information exceeds the concentration floating span threshold, an inefficient delivery signal is generated.

3. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder reaction information and liquid reaction information are respectively the ratio of the increase in the span of the dissipation rate of the surface components of the flocculant after the powder flocculant is added into the water to the span time corresponding to the residence time of the flocculant powder particles, and the concentration fluctuation span value of the liquid flocculant corresponding to each area in the water after the liquid flocculant is added.

4. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floc characteristics monitoring process is as follows: The duration characteristic data and the formation characteristic data are collected. If the duration characteristic data exceeds the time ratio threshold and the formation characteristic data exceeds the volume quantity ratio threshold, a flocculent characteristic qualified signal is generated; if the duration characteristic data does not exceed the time ratio threshold, or the formation characteristic data does not exceed the volume quantity ratio threshold, a flocculent characteristic unqualified signal is generated.

5. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 4, characterized in that: The duration characteristic data and formation characteristic data are respectively the ratio of the duration of the rising trend of volume increase rate during the floc formation period in the flocculation reaction process to the duration of the constant trend of volume increase rate, and the volume quantity ratio of the peak value of volume increase of a single floc in the flocculation reaction process to the quantity deviation of multiple flocs at different water positions.

6. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flocculation residue detection process is as follows: The filtration impact data and concentration impact data are collected, and the filtration impact data and concentration impact data are respectively the excess of the flocculant particle diameter whose adsorption volume does not exceed the set volume threshold during the flocculation reaction and the current filtration diameter, and the reduced span of the flocculant concentration before and after the flocculation reaction corresponding to the treated water position where the number of flocs formed during the flocculation reaction is the lowest.

7. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 6, characterized in that: If the filtering impact data does not exceed the excess diameter threshold, or the concentration impact data does not exceed the concentration decrease span threshold, a high residual risk signal is generated; if the filtering impact data exceeds the excess diameter threshold and the concentration impact data exceeds the concentration decrease span threshold, a low residual risk signal is generated.

8. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The residual analysis verification process is as follows: Collect residual analysis information, obtain the residual impact check coefficient through calculation, and compare the residual impact check coefficient with the residual impact check coefficient threshold: if the residual impact check coefficient exceeds the residual impact check coefficient threshold, generate a reaction execution rectification signal; if the residual impact check coefficient does not exceed the residual impact check coefficient threshold, generate a reaction execution qualified signal and send the reaction execution qualified signal to the reaction monitor terminal.

9. The method for detecting flocculation residues based on machine vision according to claim 8, characterized in that: The residual analysis information includes the maximum increase span value of the flocculant concentration in the treated water corresponding to the stage of increasing the flocculant dosage, the non-overlapping time between the period of insufficient flocculation reaction and the period of intervention in the flocculation reaction, and the proportion of floccules that sink to the bottom of the treated water at the corresponding position when the real-time hydraulic value of the treated water is at the valley value.

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