Waste lithium battery electrolyte recovery processing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste lithium battery electrolyte recovery processing method which comprises the following steps: classifying electrolyte states based on the states of waste lithium batteries; obtaining a liquid electrolyte mixture; various parameters of an electrolyte mixture are obtained based on a distributed sensor, and the standing time is optimized according to a layering time optimization formula by adjusting temperature and height-diameter ratio parameters; based on historical recovery processing data, obtaining the influence of each factor of the liquid electrolyte mixture on a layering result, and constructing an electrolyte layering prediction model; injecting the electrolyte mixture into a layering pool, and obtaining an electrolyte layering condition based on the electrolyte layering prediction model; and based on the properties of the upper layer and the lower layer of the electrolyte subjected to layered separation treatment, recycling treatment is performed. The method has the advantages that a layering separation and cooperative treatment system is innovatively constructed, a layering pool standing separation technology is adopted, the waste lithium battery electrolyte is separated through precise layering, the layering efficiency is optimized, the recovery efficiency is effectively improved, and resource waste is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to electrolyte recovery, and in particular to a method for recovering and treating electrolyte of waste lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] As lithium batteries are widely used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, energy storage systems and other fields, the number of waste lithium batteries has increased year by year. The electrolyte is a key component of lithium batteries, usually composed of organic solvents (such as carbonates) and lithium salts. The electrolyte in waste batteries contains a certain amount of harmful chemicals, which may cause serious pollution to the environment if not handled properly.

[0003] The current recycling methods for waste lithium battery electrolytes on the market mainly include chemical precipitation, membrane filtration and evaporation concentration. These methods generally remove harmful substances from waste electrolytes through chemical reactions or physical means to recover useful components. However, these traditional methods generally have problems such as low recycling efficiency, complex processing, and environmental pollution. In particular, when dealing with different states of waste lithium battery electrolytes, accurate and efficient classification and recycling are often not achieved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to improve the existing waste lithium battery electrolyte recovery and treatment method, a waste lithium battery electrolyte recovery and treatment method is provided, which efficiently extracts valuable components by classifying and stratifying waste lithium battery electrolyte, optimizes stratification efficiency, and improves resource recovery rate. By accurately processing different layers of electrolyte, pollution is reduced and the effect of recycling treatment is improved.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for recycling and treating electrolyte of waste lithium batteries, comprising: Based on the state of waste lithium batteries, the electrolyte state is classified; based on the classified electrolyte state, the liquid electrolyte mixture is processed to obtain; based on the distributed sensors, various parameters of the electrolyte mixture are obtained, and the temperature and aspect ratio parameters are adjusted to optimize the standing time according to the stratification time optimization formula; based on historical recycling and processing data, the influence of various factors of the liquid electrolyte mixture on the stratification result is obtained, and an electrolyte stratification prediction model is constructed; based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, it is injected into a stratification pool, and based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model, the electrolyte stratification situation is obtained; based on the properties of the upper and lower layers of the electrolyte after stratification separation treatment, recycling is carried out.

[0006] Preferably, the classification of the electrolyte state based on the state of the waste lithium battery specifically includes: The electrolyte states include: liquid electrolyte, leaked electrolyte, and solid electrolyte; the liquid electrolyte is the electrolyte that has not been decomposed or leaked in a complete battery; the leaked electrolyte is: the electrolyte that has come into contact with the air and is mixed with moisture, impurities or decomposition products; the solid electrolyte is the electrolyte crystals on the electrode after the battery is disassembled.

[0007] Preferably, the processing based on the classified electrolyte state to obtain the liquid electrolyte mixture specifically includes: Based on the electrolyte that has not been decomposed or leaked in the complete battery, the battery is completely discharged and the outer shell is disassembled using non-metallic tools, and the electrolyte is slowly extracted with a glass syringe or a pipette; based on the leaked electrolyte that has been in contact with the air and mixed with water, impurities or decomposition products, its pH value is detected for chemical neutralization, and after the static reaction is completed, the neutralization product is obtained and dissolved to obtain the electrolyte; based on the electrolyte crystallization on the electrode after the battery is disassembled, the surface of the electrode is lightly scraped with a ceramic scraper or a soft brush, and the crystalline powder is collected in a glass dish. For crystals that are difficult to peel off, an ultrasonic cleaner is used to obtain electrolyte crystals; based on DSC / TGA analysis of the thermal stability of the electrolyte in each state; based on The liquid electrolyte and the leaked electrolyte are slowly mixed and stirred under certain conditions; after the mixing is completed, the solid electrolyte solution is added dropwise to the electrolyte; and the colloid agglomeration is broken by ultrasonic treatment of the mixed solution.

[0008] Preferably, the method of obtaining various parameters of the electrolyte mixture based on distributed sensors, adjusting the temperature and aspect ratio parameters, and optimizing the standing time according to the stratification time optimization formula specifically includes: The various parameters of the electrolyte mixture are obtained through distributed sensors. Based on the kinetic separation term, the low-index electrolyte viscosity is obtained by adjusting the temperature rise within a reasonable range. The diameter height of the stratified pool is adjusted to reduce the height-to-diameter ratio, obtain a low initial electrolyte height, and obtain the minimum standing time t. The stratification time optimization formula is: in, is the stratification efficiency threshold, and temperature regulation affects viscosity , height-to-diameter ratio regulation affects the initial height of the electrolyte ; Based on the parameter data obtained from the layering time optimization formula that minimizes the resting time, the actual resting time is obtained experimentally, and the error value between the two is calculated; based on the error value, the temperature and height-to-diameter ratio parameters are collaboratively optimized, and different combinations of temperature and height-to-diameter ratio are tested through the orthogonal experimental method to obtain the optimized minimum resting time Repeat the above steps until the minimum resting time and parameter model with the smallest error value from the actual resting time are obtained.

[0009] Preferably, the process of obtaining the influence of various factors of the liquid electrolyte mixture on the stratification result based on historical recycling and processing data and constructing an electrolyte stratification prediction model specifically includes: Obtain the electrolyte stratification pool diameter d, electrolyte volume V, stratification temperature T, electrolyte density of each batch in the historical data , electrolyte viscosity , the volume fraction of light solvent in the total electrolyte Based on historical data, an electrolyte stratification prediction model is constructed to obtain the thickness of each layer after stratification under the influence of various factors. The formula is: , in, is the kinetic separation term, describing the stratification rate, is the density difference between the upper and lower layers, is an empirical constant obtained based on historical data experiments, To minimize the rest time, is the viscosity of the electrolyte at temperature T, Initial electrolyte height.

[0010] Preferably, the electrolyte mixture obtained is injected into a stratification tank, and based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model, the electrolyte stratification situation is obtained, which specifically includes: Based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, inject it into the stratification tank for static treatment; based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model, obtain the minimum static time The thickness prediction data of each layer after the electrolyte is stratified; Based on the thickness prediction data, the volumes of the upper and lower layer solvents are obtained, and the real-time solvent transfer flow rate is obtained through the valve port flowmeter; based on the solvent volume and the transfer flow rate, a valve opening sequence is constructed, and timestamps are marked for each time point in the valve opening, full opening and closing stages, and the valve is closed according to the closing time of the valve in the valve opening sequence; the valve opening sequence is specifically as follows: initially, the valve is opened and linearly increased to 100% opening, and the volume of the solution passing through the valve during the opening period is obtained, and after the valve is fully opened, the solvent transfer flow rate is controlled to be stable, the volume of the solution passing through the full opening period is obtained, and the remaining volume is calculated, and based on the predicted thickness and the remaining volume, the valve is closed in advance, and the closing valve is linearly decreased to 0% opening; after the stratification is completed, the stratification pool valve set in advance based on the predicted thickness transfers the upper light organic solvent to the upper treatment pool, and the lower high-density component is transferred to the lower treatment pool, and immediately cooled with an ice bath to suppress HF volatilization.

[0011] Preferably, the processing based on the properties of the upper and lower layers of the electrolyte after the layered separation process specifically includes: Based on the obtained carbonate solvent of the upper low-density component, the water content is reduced by molecular sieve adsorption, and the solvent is purified by vacuum distillation; based on the dehydrated and purified solvent, activated carbon is added to the solvent to filter and remove the low-density decomposition product; the filtered solution is cooled to The product was allowed to stand for crystallization, and the precipitated decomposition residue was filtered out; based on the obtained lower layer high-density component, Saturated sodium carbonate solution is slowly added under low temperature to neutralize HF; the neutralized lower high-density component is separated into solid and liquid through a filter funnel; the obtained solid is washed with anhydrous ethanol to remove organic matter adsorbed on the surface, and dried to obtain LiF powder; based on the separated metal oxide, the metal is electrolytically recovered by dissolution and filtration; based on the obtained high-density phosphorus-containing organic liquid, calcium chloride is added to form calcium phosphate precipitation.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: Based on the classification treatment of the electrolyte state, it can accurately divert according to the characteristics of different electrolytes, improve the recovery efficiency, and avoid the problems of resource waste and improper treatment in traditional methods. Secondly, the design of the stratification pool optimizes the stratification separation efficiency, and accurately separates different components through multiple levels to ensure the efficient recovery of useful components without the occurrence of mixed components. The optimized stratification efficiency significantly shortens the processing cycle, reduces energy consumption, and improves overall production efficiency. Finally, because the recycling process can maximize the extraction of valuable components and reduce waste emissions, the negative impact on the environment is also greatly reduced. This method not only improves the recycling effect, but is also more environmentally friendly, providing a sustainable solution for the recovery of waste lithium battery electrolytes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the method proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the classification of electrolyte states proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of obtaining the electrolyte mixture proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of optimizing the static time proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolyte stratification prediction model proposed by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the layered processing proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolyte treatment proposed by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device in this solution; Fig. 9This is a schematic diagram of the computer-readable storage medium structure in this solution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0015] See also Figure 1 As shown, a method for recycling and treating electrolyte of waste lithium batteries comprises: Step 1: Classify the electrolyte status based on the status of the waste lithium battery; Step 2: Processing based on the classified electrolyte state to obtain a liquid electrolyte mixture; Step 3: Obtain various parameters of the electrolyte mixture based on distributed sensors, optimize the standing time according to the stratification time optimization formula by adjusting the temperature and height-to-diameter ratio parameters; Step 4: Based on historical recycling and processing data, the influence of various factors of the liquid electrolyte mixture on the stratification results is obtained, and an electrolyte stratification prediction model is constructed; Step 5: Based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, inject it into the stratification tank, and obtain the electrolyte stratification situation based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model; Step 6: Based on the properties of the upper and lower layers of the electrolyte after the stratified separation treatment, the electrolyte is recycled.

[0016] See also Figure 2 As shown, based on the state of the waste lithium battery, the electrolyte state is classified into: The electrolyte states include: liquid electrolyte, leaked electrolyte, and solid electrolyte; the liquid electrolyte is the electrolyte that has not been decomposed or leaked in a complete battery; the leaked electrolyte is: the electrolyte that has come into contact with the air and is mixed with moisture, impurities or decomposition products; the solid electrolyte is the electrolyte crystals on the electrode after the battery is disassembled.

[0017] See also Figure 3 As shown, processing is performed based on the classified electrolyte state to obtain a liquid electrolyte mixture, specifically including: Based on the electrolyte that has not been decomposed or leaked in the complete battery, the battery is completely discharged and the outer shell is disassembled using non-metallic tools, and the electrolyte is slowly extracted with a glass syringe or a pipette; based on the leaked electrolyte that has been in contact with the air and mixed with water, impurities or decomposition products, its pH value is detected for chemical neutralization, and after the static reaction is completed, the neutralization product is obtained and dissolved to obtain the electrolyte; based on the electrolyte crystallization on the electrode after the battery is disassembled, the surface of the electrode is lightly scraped with a ceramic scraper or a soft brush, and the crystalline powder is collected in a glass dish. For crystals that are difficult to peel off, an ultrasonic cleaner is used to obtain electrolyte crystals; based on DSC / TGA analysis of the thermal stability of the electrolyte in each state; based on The liquid electrolyte and the leaked electrolyte are slowly mixed and stirred under certain conditions; after the mixing is completed, the solid electrolyte solution is added dropwise to the electrolyte; and the colloid agglomeration is broken by ultrasonic treatment of the mixed solution.

[0018] Specifically, solid electrolytes are usually formed after the battery is disassembled, when liquid electrolytes crystallize or convert to solid form due to temperature changes, moisture or chemical reactions. Such electrolyte crystals usually adhere to the surface of the battery poles, are highly corrosive and chemically active, and may cause further damage to other components inside the battery.

[0019] For leaked electrolyte, it is very important to detect its pH value and perform chemical neutralization because it may react chemically with air to form moisture, impurities or decomposition products. Through the neutralization reaction, it can not only eliminate its potential corrosiveness, but also ensure the stability and purity of the further recycled electrolyte.

[0020] See also Figure 4 As shown, various parameters of the electrolyte mixture are obtained based on distributed sensors, and the temperature and height-diameter ratio parameters are adjusted. The static time is optimized according to the stratification time optimization formula, which specifically includes: The various parameters of the electrolyte mixture are obtained through distributed sensors. Based on the kinetic separation term, the low-index electrolyte viscosity is obtained by adjusting the temperature rise within a reasonable range. The diameter height of the stratified pool is adjusted to reduce the height-to-diameter ratio, obtain a low initial electrolyte height, and obtain the minimum standing time t. The stratification time optimization formula is: in, is the stratification efficiency threshold, and temperature regulation affects viscosity , height-to-diameter ratio regulation affects the initial height of the electrolyte ; Based on the parameter data obtained from the layering time optimization formula that minimizes the resting time, the actual resting time is obtained experimentally, and the error value between the two is calculated; based on the error value, the temperature and height-to-diameter ratio parameters are collaboratively optimized, and different combinations of temperature and height-to-diameter ratio are tested through the orthogonal experimental method to obtain the optimized minimum resting time Repeat the above steps until the minimum resting time and parameter model with the smallest error value from the actual resting time are obtained.

[0021] See also Figure 5 As shown in the figure, based on the historical recycling and processing data, the influence of various factors of the liquid electrolyte mixture on the stratification results is obtained, and the electrolyte stratification prediction model is constructed, which specifically includes: Obtain the electrolyte stratification pool diameter d, electrolyte volume V, stratification temperature T, electrolyte density of each batch in the historical data , electrolyte viscosity , the volume fraction of light solvent in the total electrolyte Based on historical data, an electrolyte stratification prediction model is constructed to obtain the thickness of each layer after stratification under the influence of various factors. The formula is: , in, is the kinetic separation term, describing the stratification rate, is the density difference between the upper and lower layers, is an empirical constant obtained based on historical data experiments, To minimize the rest time, is the viscosity of the electrolyte at temperature T, Initial electrolyte height.

[0022] See also Figure 6 As shown, based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, it is injected into the stratification tank, and based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model, the electrolyte stratification situation is obtained, which specifically includes: Based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, inject it into the stratification tank for static treatment; based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model, obtain the minimum static time The thickness prediction data of each layer after the electrolyte is stratified; Based on the thickness prediction data, the volumes of the upper and lower layer solvents are obtained, and the real-time solvent transfer flow rate is obtained through the valve port flowmeter; based on the solvent volume and the transfer flow rate, a valve opening sequence is constructed, and timestamps are marked for each time point in the valve opening, full opening and closing stages, and the valve is closed according to the closing time of the valve in the valve opening sequence; the valve opening sequence is specifically as follows: initially, the valve is opened and linearly increased to 100% opening, and the volume of the solution passing through the valve during the opening period is obtained, and after the valve is fully opened, the solvent transfer flow rate is controlled to be stable, the volume of the solution passing through the full opening period is obtained, and the remaining volume is calculated, and based on the predicted thickness and the remaining volume, the valve is closed in advance, and the closing valve is linearly decreased to 0% opening; after the stratification is completed, the stratification pool valve set in advance based on the predicted thickness transfers the upper light organic solvent to the upper treatment pool, and the lower high-density component is transferred to the lower treatment pool, and immediately cooled with an ice bath to suppress HF volatilization.

[0023] It is understandable that when transferring the upper light solvent to the upper treatment tank, the solvent may be contaminated due to improper operation, especially if there are particles or impurities that are not completely stratified, which will affect the purity of the upper solvent. Therefore, during the transfer process, avoid violent stirring or sudden dumping, and use a slow flow control valve to ensure that the upper solvent is not contaminated. Suitable filters can also be added to ensure that possible particles or impurities are filtered out to ensure the purity of the upper solvent. If necessary, multiple stratification operations can be performed to ensure that the upper solvent is as pure as possible. The operation of the stratification tank may have insufficient precision of manual control or operational errors, resulting in low stratification efficiency or increased safety hazards. Regular inspection and maintenance of the stratification tank and related equipment can ensure that the equipment operates normally and avoid safety problems caused by equipment failure.

[0024] See also Figure 7 As shown, based on the properties of the upper and lower layers of the electrolyte after the layered separation treatment, the treatment specifically includes: Based on the obtained carbonate solvent of the upper low-density component, the water content is reduced by molecular sieve adsorption, and the solvent is purified by vacuum distillation; based on the dehydrated and purified solvent, activated carbon is added to the solvent to filter and remove the low-density decomposition product; the filtered solution is cooled to The product was allowed to stand for crystallization, and the precipitated decomposition residue was filtered out; based on the obtained lower layer high-density component, Saturated sodium carbonate solution is slowly added under low temperature to neutralize HF; the neutralized lower high-density component is separated into solid and liquid through a filter funnel; the obtained solid is washed with anhydrous ethanol to remove organic matter adsorbed on the surface, and dried to obtain LiF powder; based on the separated metal oxide, the metal is electrolytically recovered by dissolution and filtration; based on the obtained high-density phosphorus-containing organic liquid, calcium chloride is added to form calcium phosphate precipitation.

[0025] It should be noted that the sequence of the above embodiments of the present invention is only for description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The above is a description of a specific embodiment of this specification. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0026] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. Example

[0027] Application of a waste lithium battery electrolyte recovery and treatment method in a basic laboratory treatment program; Step 1: Classify the electrolyte status based on the status of the waste lithium battery; Liquid electrolyte extraction includes confirmation of cell voltage using a digital multimeter After 1V, the steel shell is cut longitudinally with a ceramic cutter. A glass microtube (inner diameter 0.5mm) is connected to a vacuum pump (-80kPa) to extract the complete electrolyte; the treatment of the leaked electrolyte includes spraying pH test paper to confirm the acidity (pH≈3) for batteries with white crystals on the surface. Spray a mixed solution of propylene carbonate and triethylamine in a 1:1.2 molar ratio for neutralization, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 25°C; the recovery of the solid electrolyte includes placing the electrode in an ultrasonic cleaning tank (frequency 40kHz, power 120W) and adding dimethyl carbonate as a solvent. After 3 cycles of cleaning (5 minutes each), the crystal dissolution rate can reach 85%.

[0028] Step 2: Processing based on the classified electrolyte state to obtain a liquid electrolyte mixture; A dedicated stratification tank (20 cm in diameter, 50 cm in height) was configured, the three types of electrolytes were mixed in a ratio of 7:2:1, 0.5% by mass of sodium dodecyl sulfate was added as a dispersant, the magnetic stirrer was started (speed 300 rpm) and maintained for 30 minutes, and the refrigeration system at the bottom of the stratification tank was turned on (-10°C) to promote phase separation.

[0029] Step 3: Based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, inject it into the stratification tank for stratification separation and optimize the stratification efficiency; install a temperature-viscosity sensor (accuracy ±0.1℃), collect data in real time, and substitute it into the stratification efficiency formula: , according to the empirical value When the temperature is >2.5, the best standing time is 90 minutes. The actual measured clarity of the stratified interface is 95%, which is 30% higher than the conventional treatment.

[0030] Step 4: Recycling is performed based on the properties of the upper and lower layers of the electrolyte after the stratified separation treatment.

[0031] The upper treatment includes dynamic adsorption with 3A molecular sieve (flow rate 2ml / min), the moisture content is reduced from 1200ppm to 50ppm, and the purity of DEC reaches 99.2% after distillation on a rotary evaporator (60℃, -0.095MPa); the lower treatment includes HF neutralization stage, temperature control <5℃, pH online monitoring to ensure the endpoint value is 6.8-7.2, and in the calcium phosphate precipitation reaction, CaCl 2 The addition amount was 1.1 times the theoretical value, the precipitation rate was 98.5%, and after the LiF powder was washed with ethanol, XRD detection showed a purity of 99.3%.

[0032] Example 2 Layered efficiency optimization system operation, Step 1: Data collection, measuring the viscosity of the mixed liquid =12.3cP, temperature T=25℃, density difference =0.15g / cm³, equipment coefficient K=0.92.

[0033] Step 2: Substitute into the stratification efficiency formula to calculate the optimal standing time.

[0034] Step 3: When the layer interface detector (capacitive type) shows that the separation degree reaches 95%, open the stratification valve in advance, start the semiconductor refrigeration module when the lower layer material is transferred, and maintain the temperature <10℃ to inhibit HF volatilization.

[0035] Step 4: Verify the optimization effect, solvent recovery rate and HF capture rate.

[0036] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Furthermore, the method according to the embodiment of the present application can also be performed by Figure 8 The electronic device architecture shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device 500 may include a bus 501, one or more CPUs 502, a read-only memory (ROM) 503, a random access memory (RAM) 504, a communication port 505 connected to a network, an input / output component 506, a hard disk 507, etc. The storage device in the electronic device 500, such as the ROM 503 or the hard disk 507, may store a method for recycling and treating electrolyte of a waste lithium battery provided in the present application. The electronic device 500 may also include a terminal interface 508. Of course, Figure 8 The architecture shown is only exemplary and can be omitted according to actual needs when implementing different devices. Figure 8 One or more components of an electronic device are shown.

[0039] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the computer-readable storage medium structure provided by an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9As shown, a computer-readable storage medium 600 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Computer-readable instructions are stored on the computer-readable storage medium 600. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, a method for recycling and treating electrolyte of a waste lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present application described with reference to the above figures can be executed. The storage medium 600 includes, but is not limited to, for example, volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and cache memory (cache), etc. Non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0040] It should be noted that the sequence of the above embodiments of the present invention is only for description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The above is a description of a specific embodiment of this specification. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0041] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling and treating electrolyte of waste lithium batteries, characterized in that: include: Classify the electrolyte status based on the status of the used lithium batteries; Performing processing based on the classified electrolyte states to obtain a liquid electrolyte mixture; Based on distributed sensors, various parameters of the electrolyte mixture are obtained, and the standing time is optimized according to the stratification time optimization formula by adjusting the temperature and height-to-diameter ratio parameters; Based on historical recycling and processing data, the influence of various factors of liquid electrolyte mixture on the stratification results is obtained, and an electrolyte stratification prediction model is constructed; Based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, inject it into the stratification tank, and obtain the electrolyte stratification situation based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model; Based on the properties of the upper and lower layers of the electrolyte after the stratified separation process, recovery processing is carried out.

2. The method for recycling electrolyte of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The classification of the electrolyte state based on the state of the waste lithium battery specifically includes: The electrolyte state includes: liquid electrolyte, leaking electrolyte, and solid electrolyte; The liquid electrolyte is the electrolyte that has not been decomposed or leaked in the complete battery; The leaked electrolyte is: electrolyte that has come into contact with air and is mixed with water, impurities or decomposition products; The solid electrolyte is the electrolyte crystals on the pole pieces after the battery is disassembled.

3. A method for recycling and treating waste lithium battery electrolyte according to claim 2, characterized in that: The processing based on the classified electrolyte state to obtain the liquid electrolyte mixture specifically includes: Based on the electrolyte that has not been decomposed or leaked in the complete battery, the battery is completely discharged and the outer shell is disassembled using a non-metallic tool, and the electrolyte is slowly extracted using a glass syringe or a pipette; Based on the leaked electrolyte that has been in contact with air and mixed with water, impurities or decomposition products, its pH value is detected for chemical neutralization. After the static reaction is completed, the neutralization product is obtained and dissolved to obtain the electrolyte; Based on the electrolyte crystallization on the electrode after battery disassembly, gently scrape the surface of the electrode with a ceramic scraper or a soft brush, collect the crystal powder into a glass dish, and use an ultrasonic cleaner to obtain the electrolyte crystals for the crystals that are difficult to peel off; The thermal stability of the electrolyte in each state was analyzed based on DSC / TGA; based on The liquid electrolyte is slowly mixed with the leaked electrolyte under the following conditions and stirred; After the mixing is completed, the solid electrolyte solution is added dropwise to the electrolyte; The colloid agglomerates were broken by sonicating the mixture.

4. The method for recycling electrolyte of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining various parameters of the electrolyte mixture based on the distributed sensor, adjusting the temperature and the aspect ratio parameters, and optimizing the standing time according to the stratification time optimization formula specifically includes: Obtain various parameters of the electrolyte mixture through distributed sensors; Based on the kinetic separation term, the low-index electrolyte viscosity is obtained by adjusting the temperature rise within a reasonable range. By adjusting the diameter height of the stratified pool, the height-to-diameter ratio is reduced to obtain a low initial electrolyte height and minimize the standing time t. The stratification time optimization formula is: in, is the stratification efficiency threshold, and temperature regulation affects viscosity , height-to-diameter ratio regulation affects the initial height of the electrolyte ; Based on the parameter data obtained from the layering time optimization formula that minimizes the resting time, the actual resting time is obtained experimentally, and the error value between the two is calculated; Based on the error value, the temperature and height-to-diameter ratio parameters are optimized collaboratively. The orthogonal experimental method is used to test the combination of different temperatures and height-to-diameter ratios to obtain the optimized minimum standing time. ; Repeat the above steps until the minimum rest time and parameter model with the smallest error value from the actual rest time are obtained.

5. The method for recycling electrolyte of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the influence of various factors of the liquid electrolyte mixture on the stratification result based on the historical recycling and processing data and constructing the electrolyte stratification prediction model specifically includes: Obtain the electrolyte stratification pool diameter d, electrolyte volume V, stratification temperature T, electrolyte density of each batch in the historical data , electrolyte viscosity , the volume fraction of light solvent in the total electrolyte ; Based on historical data, an electrolyte stratification prediction model is constructed to obtain the thickness of each layer after stratification under the influence of various factors. The formula is: ， ， in, is the kinetic separation term, describing the stratification rate, is the density difference between the upper and lower layers, is an empirical constant obtained based on historical data experiments, To minimize the rest time, is the viscosity of the electrolyte at temperature T, Initial electrolyte height.

6. The method for recycling electrolyte of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte mixture obtained is injected into a stratification tank, and based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model, the electrolyte stratification situation is obtained, which specifically includes: Based on the obtained electrolyte mixture, inject it into a stratification tank for static treatment; Based on the electrolyte stratification prediction model, the minimum standing time is obtained The thickness prediction data of each layer after the electrolyte is stratified; Based on the thickness prediction data, the volume of the upper and lower layers of solvent is obtained, and the real-time solvent transfer flow rate is obtained through the valve port flow meter; Based on the solvent volume and transfer flow rate, a valve opening sequence is constructed, and timestamps are marked on each time point of the valve opening, full opening and closing stages. The valve is closed according to the closing time of the valve in the valve opening sequence. The valve opening sequence is specifically as follows: initially, the valve is opened and linearly increased to 100% opening, the volume of the solution passing through the valve during the opening period is obtained, after the valve is fully opened, the solvent transfer flow rate is controlled to be stable, the volume of the solution passing through the fully opened period is obtained, and the remaining volume is calculated, and based on the predicted thickness and the remaining volume, the valve is closed in advance, and the valve is closed and linearly decreased to 0% opening; After the stratification is completed, the stratification pool valve set in advance based on the predicted thickness transfers the upper light organic solvent to the upper treatment pool, and the lower high-density components to the lower treatment pool, and immediately cools with an ice bath to inhibit HF volatilization.

7. The method for recycling electrolyte of waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing based on the properties of the upper and lower layers of the electrolyte after the layered separation process specifically includes: Based on the obtained upper low-density component carbonate solvent, the water content is reduced by molecular sieve adsorption, and then purified by vacuum distillation; Based on the dehydrated and purified solvent, activated carbon is added thereto to filter and remove low-density decomposition products; The filtered solution was cooled to The mixture is allowed to stand for a period of time to obtain crystals, and the precipitated decomposition residue is filtered out; Based on the obtained lower layer high density components, Slowly add saturated sodium carbonate solution to neutralize HF; The neutralized lower layer high-density components are separated into solid and liquid by a filter funnel; Based on the obtained solid, washing with anhydrous ethanol to remove organic matter adsorbed on the surface thereof, and drying to obtain LiF powder; Based on the separated metal oxides, electrolytic metal recovery is performed by dissolution filtration; Based on the obtained high-density phosphorus-containing organic liquid, calcium chloride is added to generate calcium phosphate precipitation.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute a method for recycling and processing electrolyte of waste lithium batteries as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, characterized in that: When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, a method for recycling and treating electrolyte of waste lithium batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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