Transmission type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function

Abstract

The invention provides a transmission type vortex metasurface antenna with a focusing function, and relates to the technical field of microwaves and antennae, and the transmission type vortex metasurface antenna is manufactured through the following steps: constructing a plurality of transmission units; wherein the transmission unit comprises a plurality of metal dielectric layers, a plurality of filling dielectric layers and a plurality of metal patches, each metal patch comprises a square ring and a circular patch, and the circular patch is located in the center of the square ring; arranging the plurality of transmission units according to an array to obtain a transmission array; and the feed source is utilized to perform forward feed on the transmission array, the patch radius of the circular patch in the transmission array is adjusted according to a forward feed result until the transmission array generates a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feed effect of the feed source, and a target antenna is obtained based on the adjusted transmission array. According to the embodiment of the invention, the problem of beam divergence of a traditional vortex antenna is solved, so that vortex electromagnetic waves have the characteristics of high gain, high directivity and the like; and meanwhile, the transmission array adopts a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) process technology, so that the manufacturing process is simplified, and the loss is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of microwave and antenna technology, and in particular to a transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with a focusing function. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology, the requirements for accuracy and resolution of radar imaging and Doppler detection are constantly increasing, and traditional electromagnetic wave measurement methods are gradually unable to meet the increasingly complex needs. Especially in the fields of aerospace, military detection, etc., traditional radar technology mainly relies on frequency and polarization as a way to distinguish targets, which is limited by the improvement of resolution and information volume. Therefore, vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have become a new research hotspot. Vortex electromagnetic waves have a spiral structure. In addition to the conventional frequency and polarization degrees of freedom, they also introduce a new dimension of orbital angular momentum, which makes them show higher spatial resolution and rich information characteristics in radar imaging and target detection, becoming an important direction to break through traditional technologies.

[0003] In the related art, the method of generating vortex electromagnetic waves mainly includes a uniform circular array, which generates vortex waves by precisely controlling the phase distribution of the cells. However, although different modes can be obtained, its complex feeding network design makes the system relatively large and costly. Summary of the invention

[0004] The disclosed embodiments at least provide a transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with a focusing function, which controls the transmission phase by changing the radius of the circular patch, thereby generating a vortex electromagnetic wave of the required mode, solving the divergence problem of the traditional vortex antenna beam, and making the vortex electromagnetic wave have the characteristics of high gain, high directivity, etc.; at the same time, the transmission array adopts PCB process technology, which not only simplifies the production process, but also reduces the loss.

[0005] The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with a focusing function, which is manufactured by the following steps:

[0006] Constructing a plurality of transmission units; wherein the transmission units include a plurality of metal dielectric layers, a plurality of filling dielectric layers and a plurality of metal patches, the metal patches include square circles and circular patches, and the circular patches are located at the center of the square circles;

[0007] Arranging the plurality of transmission units in an array to obtain a transmission array;

[0008] The transmission array is forward fed by a feed source, and the patch radius of the circular patch in the transmission array is adjusted according to the forward feeding result, until the transmission array generates a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feeding action of the feed source, and the target antenna is obtained based on the adjusted transmission array.

[0009] In some possible embodiments, the metal dielectric layer and the filling dielectric layer are in a square shape;

[0010] The side length of the metal layer medium is 1.7 mm, the thickness is 0.254 mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.2;

[0011] The side length of the filling layer medium is 1.7 mm, the thickness is 0.102 mm, and the dielectric constant is 3.52;

[0012] The size of the square circle is the same as that of the filling medium layer; the width of the square circle is 0.07 mm.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch in the transmission array according to the forward feeding result includes:

[0014] Determining a modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array based on the forward feeding result, and judging whether the modal vortex beam is the specific modal vortex beam;

[0015] When the modal vortex beam is not the specific modal vortex beam, the patch radius of the circular patch corresponding to each transmission unit in the transmission array is adjusted to adjust the modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array until the transmission array generates a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feeding action of the feed source.

[0016] In some possible embodiments, adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch corresponding to each transmission unit in the transmission array includes:

[0017] Determine a target transmission unit whose transmission phase is to be adjusted and position information corresponding to the target transmission unit, and calculate a phase value of the target transmission unit according to the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit and a preset modal value based on a phase calculation formula;

[0018] Acquire the transmission wavelength and phase center of the feed source, and determine the feed source incident wave phase value with respect to the target transmission unit according to the transmission wavelength and the phase center based on the feed source incident wave phase calculation formula;

[0019] Determining a phase compensation value of the target transmission unit based on a phase compensation formula according to a phase value of the target transmission unit and a phase value of a feed source incident wave of the target transmission unit;

[0020] Determine the focus phase value of the target transmission unit according to the preset focal length and the unit phase shift value based on the focus phase calculation formula; and adjust the patch radius of the circular patch based on the phase compensation value and the focus phase value to adjust the transmission phase of the target transmission unit;

[0021] According to the adjustment result of the transmission phase of each target transmission unit in the transmission array, the adjustment of the modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array is achieved.

[0022] In some possible embodiments, the patch radius of the circular patch varies in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.58 mm; and the transmission phase varies in the range of -78° to 363°.

[0023] In some possible embodiments, the phase calculation formula includes:

[0024]

[0025] in, is the phase value of the target transmission unit; l is the preset mode value; x m Represented as the horizontal coordinate in the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit; y n It is represented as the ordinate in the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit;

[0026] The feed source incident wave phase calculation formula includes:

[0027]

[0028] in, Expressed as the phase value of the incident wave from the feed source; |r m,n | represents the distance between the phase center of the feed source and the target transmission unit; λ represents the transmission wavelength;

[0029] The phase compensation formula includes:

[0030]

[0031] in, It is expressed as the phase compensation value of the target transmission unit;

[0032] The focusing phase calculation formula includes:

[0033]

[0034] in, It is represented by the focus phase value; f is represented by the preset focal length; Expressed as a unit phase shift value.

[0035] In some possible embodiments, the preset modal value includes 0, 1, and 2;

[0036] When the preset modal value is 0, the focal plane is located 27 mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35 mm×35 mm;

[0037] When the preset modal value is 1, the focal plane is located 5 mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35 mm×35 mm;

[0038] When the preset mode value is 2, the focal plane is located 3 mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35 mm×35 mm.

[0039] In some possible embodiments, the transmission unit includes a metal patch, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, and a metal patch, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0040] In some possible embodiments, arranging the plurality of transmission units in an array includes:

[0041] The transmission units are distributed in a 21×21 array in the transmission metasurface to obtain the transmission array; wherein the side length of the transmission array is 35 mm.

[0042] In some possible embodiments, the feed source is a horn antenna with an aperture size of 7.84 mm×11.8 mm and a gain of 15 dB; the distance between the feed source and the transmission metasurface is 45 mm.

[0043] A transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with a focusing function provided in the embodiments of the present invention controls the transmission phase by changing the radius of the circular patch, thereby generating a vortex electromagnetic wave of the required mode, solving the divergence problem of the traditional vortex antenna beam, and making the vortex electromagnetic wave have the characteristics of high gain, high directivity, etc.; at the same time, the transmission array adopts PCB process technology, which not only simplifies the production process but also reduces the loss.

[0044] In order to make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are specifically cited below and described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required to be cited in the embodiments. The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification. These drawings illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and are used together with the specification to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for manufacturing a transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a transmission unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a metal patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0049] Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for adjusting the patch radius of a circular patch provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0050] Figure 5 A flow chart of a transmission phase adjustment method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present disclosure generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0052] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0053] The term "and / or" herein only describes an association relationship, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the term "at least one" herein represents any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C may represent including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0054] The following is a detailed description of a transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function provided by an embodiment of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 As shown, it is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the method includes the following S101 to S103:

[0055] S101, construct a plurality of transmission units.

[0056] It can be understood that the transmission unit is the basic component unit of the antenna (i.e., the transmission type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function), and the transmission unit includes multiple metal dielectric layers, multiple filling dielectric layers, and multiple metal patches; specifically, the transmission unit includes metal patches, metal dielectric layers, metal patches, filling dielectric layers, metal dielectric layers, metal patches, filling dielectric layers, metal dielectric layers, metal patches, filling dielectric layers, metal dielectric layers, metal patches, filling dielectric layers, metal dielectric layers, and metal patches arranged from top to bottom. In this way, through this kind of stacked structure, its arrangement is relatively compact and the electrical size is relatively small, which can achieve more efficient electromagnetic wave transmission and regulation.

[0057] Here, the metal patch consists of two parts, one is the outer square circle, and the other is the circular patch. The interaction between the square circle and the circular patch can affect the phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic wave, thereby forming a specific electromagnetic wave propagation mode. Specifically, the length of the square circle is 1.7mm, which is consistent with the unit size, and the thickness is 0.07mm attached to the top of the metal layer; the center of the circular patch coincides with the center of the unit. By adjusting the radius of the circular patch, the response of the transmission unit to the electromagnetic wave can be controlled, thereby generating a vortex beam of a specific mode.

[0058] Specifically, the combination of the metal dielectric layer and the filling dielectric layer is the basis in the design of the transmission unit. The metal dielectric layer is usually used to regulate the reflection, transmission and absorption characteristics of light, while the filling dielectric layer affects the propagation speed and phase of the electromagnetic wave, thereby controlling the effect of optical transmission. The material of the metal dielectric layer is usually selected from metals with high conductivity, such as copper, silver or gold, while the filling dielectric layer is selected from dielectric materials with low loss and specific refractive index, so that electromagnetic waves in different frequency bands can be accurately controlled. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the shape of the metal dielectric layer and the filling dielectric layer are both square; the side length of the metal layer medium is 1.7mm, the thickness is 0.254mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.2; the side length of the filling layer medium is 1.7mm, the thickness is 0.102mm, and the dielectric constant is 3.52.

[0059] For example, refer to Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission unit provided by the present disclosure; FIG. Figure 2 Taking the transmission unit shown as an example, the transmission unit is composed of a metal patch (composed of a square circle 1 and a circular patch 2), a metal dielectric layer 3 and a filling dielectric layer 4; the metal dielectric layer 3 and the filling dielectric layer 4 are square plates, with the straight lines where the two sides of one of the right angles are located as the x-direction and the y-direction respectively, and the height direction of the filling dielectric layer 4 as the z-direction; the metal patch includes a square circle 1 and a circular patch 2, which are attached to the xoy plane; the size of the square circle 1 is consistent with that of the filling dielectric layer 4 and is attached to the filling dielectric layer 4. Specifically, the arrangement from top to bottom in the transmission unit is metal patch, metal dielectric layer 3, metal patch, filling dielectric layer 4, metal dielectric layer 3, metal patch, filling dielectric layer 4, metal dielectric layer 3, metal patch, filling dielectric layer 4, metal dielectric layer 3, metal patch, filling dielectric layer 4, metal dielectric layer 4, metal patch, metal patch. Here, refer to Figure 3 As shown, in the metal patch, the circular patch 2 is located at the center of the square circle 1, and the center of the circular patch 2 coincides with the center of the unit.

[0060] S102, arranging the plurality of transmission units in an array to obtain a transmission array.

[0061] It is understandable that after constructing multiple transmission units, when constructing a transmission array, the transmission units are distributed in a 21×21 array in the transmission metasurface, thereby realizing transmission control of different frequencies, angles and wavelengths, thereby affecting the propagation characteristics of the transmitted wave, wherein the side length of the transmission array is 35 mm. Here, the transmission metasurface is an electromagnetic structure that can regulate electromagnetic waves. By phase modulating each unit, vortex waves of different modes can be realized, and it has the advantages of simple processing and low loss. In the disclosed embodiment, the transmission array adopts PCB process technology, which not only simplifies the manufacturing process, but also reduces the loss.

[0062] S103, using a feed source to perform forward feeding to the transmission array, and adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch in the transmission array according to the forward feeding result, until the transmission array generates a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feeding action of the feed source, and obtaining the target antenna based on the adjusted transmission array.

[0063] It can be understood that the feed source refers to a signal source used to provide electromagnetic wave input for the antenna array. During this process, the feed source transmits the electromagnetic wave energy to the transmission array in some way (such as microwave transmission lines, waveguides, etc.), so that the transmission units in the array can respond to these signals and generate corresponding electromagnetic wave outputs. Forward feeding means that the signal direction of the feed source is consistent with the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave, that is, the signal enters the array from the feed source and drives each transmission unit in the array to produce radiation or transmission effects. In the present disclosure, the feed source adopts a horn antenna with an aperture size of 7.84mm×11.8mm and a gain of 15dB; the distance between the feed source and the above-mentioned transmission metasurface is 45mm.

[0064] Reference Figure 4 As shown, when adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch in the transmission array according to the forward feeding result until the transmission array generates a specific mode vortex beam under the forward feeding of the feed source, the following steps S401-S402 may be included:

[0065] S401, determining a modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array based on the forward feeding result, and judging whether the modal vortex beam is the specific modal vortex beam.

[0066] Specifically, after forward feeding the transmission array using the feed source and exciting each transmission unit in the transmission array, a forward feeding result is obtained, that is, a modal vortex beam is generated. Here, when judging whether the modal vortex beam is a specific modal vortex beam, the beam scanning technology can be used to analyze the key characteristics of the beam such as shape, direction, and intensity distribution, and the beam generated by the current array is compared with the target specific modal beam to determine whether they are consistent. Specific modal vortex beams usually have clear characteristics, such as having a specific spiral phase distribution, directionality, and propagation characteristics. Among them, mode refers to the propagation mode of electromagnetic waves or the specific form of waves. It describes the characteristic distribution mode of waves in space, especially in the propagation direction, phase distribution, frequency, and other physical quantities of the waves. Different modes are manifested as different propagation characteristics of waves, such as phase structure, frequency, intensity distribution, etc. Here, the specific modal vortex beams in the present disclosure can be divided into three types, namely, 0-order modal vortex beams, 1-order modal vortex beams, and 2-order modal vortex beams.

[0067] S402, when the modal vortex beam is not the specific modal vortex beam, adjust the patch radius of the circular patch corresponding to each transmission unit in the transmission array to adjust the modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array, until the transmission array generates a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feeding action of the feed source.

[0068] It is understandable that, when the modal vortex beam is not a specific modal vortex beam, the beam can be optimized by adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch corresponding to each transmission unit in the transmission array. Figure 5 As shown, it specifically includes S4021~S4025:

[0069] S4021, determining a target transmission unit whose transmission phase is to be adjusted and position information corresponding to the target transmission unit, and calculating a phase value of the target transmission unit according to the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit and a preset modal value based on a phase calculation formula.

[0070] It is understandable that, since each transmission unit has its own vortex phase, the phase distribution mainly adopts the focusing transmission array phase superposition vortex phase, so that the transmitted beam can have a smaller divergence angle by focusing. Therefore, for the focusing transmission array, each transmission unit needs to be phase compensated, so each transmission unit in the transmission array is calculated as the target transmission unit whose transmission phase is to be adjusted.

[0071] Specifically, based on the position information of the selected target transmission unit and the preset modal value (i.e., 0, 1, 2) corresponding to the specific modal vortex beam, the phase value of the target transmission unit can be calculated using the phase calculation formula. Here, the phase calculation formula can be expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] in, is the phase value of the target transmission unit; l is the preset mode value; x m Represented as the horizontal coordinate in the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit; y n Represented as the ordinate in the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit.

[0074] S4022, acquiring the transmission wavelength and phase center of the feed source, and determining a feed source incident wave phase value with respect to the target transmission unit according to the transmission wavelength and the phase center based on a feed source incident wave phase calculation formula.

[0075] Here, the feed source is the excitation source of the beam, and its transmission wavelength (i.e., the propagation wavelength of the electromagnetic wave) and phase center (the reference point of the feed source generating the beam) both affect the beam forming, so in the process of adjusting the phase, it is also necessary to calculate the phase value of the incident wave of the feed source. Therefore, by obtaining the transmission wavelength and phase center of the feed source, and then using the calculation formula of the incident wave phase of the feed source, combined with the transmission wavelength and phase center information of the feed source, the incident wave phase value of each target transmission unit can be obtained, which represents the phase change of the wave from the feed source when it reaches the target transmission unit.

[0076] Among them, the calculation formula of the feed source incident wave phase can be expressed as:

[0077]

[0078] in, Expressed as the phase value of the incident wave from the feed source; |r m,n | represents the distance between the phase center of the feed source and the target transmission unit; λ represents the transmission wavelength.

[0079] S4023, determining a phase compensation value of the target transmission unit based on a phase compensation formula according to the phase value of the target transmission unit and the phase value of the feed source incident wave of the target transmission unit.

[0080] Specifically, since the phase of each unit of the transmission array may be affected by different phase differences during the propagation process, it is necessary to compensate for it to ensure that the overall beam formation conforms to the expected mode. Therefore, after obtaining the phase value of the target transmission unit and the phase value of the feed source incident wave, the phase compensation value of each target transmission unit can be calculated based on the phase compensation formula. In this way, the phase deviation caused by the phase difference between different units, propagation loss or other factors can be compensated by the compensation value to optimize the overall structure and performance of the beam.

[0081] Here, the phase compensation formula can be expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] in, Expressed as the phase compensation value of the target transmission unit.

[0084] S4024, determining the focusing phase value of the target transmission unit based on the focusing phase calculation formula according to the preset focal length and the unit phase shift value; and adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch based on the phase compensation value and the focusing phase value to achieve adjustment of the transmission phase of the target transmission unit.

[0085] Specifically, according to the focus phase calculation formula, combined with the preset focal length and unit phase shift value, the focus phase value of the target unit can be calculated. Here, the preset focal length refers to the working distance of the transmission unit or the distance of the target focal point that has been determined in the design, and the unit phase shift value refers to the phase change caused by the excitation signal of each transmission unit; the focus phase value determines whether the radiation pattern of the transmission unit can form an effective focused beam. Among them, the focus phase calculation formula can be expressed as:

[0086]

[0087] in, It is represented by the focus phase value; f is represented by the preset focal length; Expressed as a unit phase shift value.

[0088] It can be understood that after obtaining the phase compensation value and the focusing phase value, the radius of the circular patch can be adjusted according to the phase compensation value and the focusing phase value, thereby affecting its radiation characteristics and phase, and adjusting the transmission phase of the target transmission unit. Among them, the patch radius of the circular patch varies in the range of 0.1mm to 0.58mm. Adjustment within this range can affect the radiation characteristics of the transmission unit, and then affect the phase of the beam. Within the radius adjustment range (0.1mm to 0.58mm), the transmission phase can vary in the range of -78° to 363°.

[0089] S4025, adjusting the modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array according to the adjustment result of the transmission phase of each target transmission unit in the transmission array.

[0090] It can be understood that after the phase adjustment of all target transmission units is completed (i.e., the patch radius of the circular patch corresponding to each transmission unit has been adjusted), the modal vortex beam corresponding to the entire transmission array is also adjusted. The transmission phase adjustment of each unit will directly affect the formation of the beam, especially the vortex beam, which has a spiral phase characteristic. It requires the phase of each unit to be accurately matched to ensure that the transmission array can generate a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feeding of the feed source.

[0091] After the transmission array can generate a specific mode vortex beam under the forward feeding action of the feed source, the target antenna can be obtained according to the transmission array, that is, a transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function, and the operating center frequency of the antenna is 80 GHz.

[0092] Exemplarily, the present disclosure also conducts simulation experiments on the obtained transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function, and obtains the specific position selection of the focal plane. Specifically, when the preset modal value of the antenna is 0 (that is, the antenna type is an antenna that generates a 0th-order modal vortex beam), the focal plane is located 27mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35mm×35mm; when the preset modal value of the antenna is 1 (that is, the antenna type is an antenna that generates a 1st-order modal vortex beam), the focal plane is located 5mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35mm×35mm; when the preset modal value of the antenna is 2 (that is, the antenna type is an antenna that generates a 2nd-order modal vortex beam), the focal plane is located 3mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35mm×35mm.

[0093] A transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with a focusing function provided in the embodiments of the present invention controls the transmission phase by changing the radius of the circular patch, thereby generating a vortex electromagnetic wave of the required mode, solving the divergence problem of the traditional vortex antenna beam, and making the vortex electromagnetic wave have the characteristics of high gain, high directivity, etc.; at the same time, the transmission array adopts PCB process technology, which not only simplifies the production process but also reduces the loss.

[0094] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in the above method of specific implementation, the order in which the steps are written does not imply a strict execution order and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process. The specific execution order of the steps should be determined by their functions and possible internal logic.

[0095] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working process of the system and device described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. In the several embodiments provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed system and method can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some communication interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0096] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0097] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present disclosure, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Although the present disclosure is described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above-described embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure, or can easily think of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A transmission-type vortex metasurface antenna with focusing function, characterized in that: Produced by the following steps: Constructing a plurality of transmission units; wherein the transmission units include a plurality of metal dielectric layers, a plurality of filling dielectric layers and a plurality of metal patches, the metal patches include square circles and circular patches, and the circular patches are located at the center of the square circles; Arranging the plurality of transmission units in an array to obtain a transmission array; The transmission array is forward fed by a feed source, and the patch radius of the circular patch in the transmission array is adjusted according to the forward feeding result, until the transmission array generates a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feeding action of the feed source, and the target antenna is obtained based on the adjusted transmission array.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal dielectric layer and the filling dielectric layer are in a square shape; The side length of the metal layer medium is 1.7 mm, the thickness is 0.254 mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.2; The side length of the filling layer medium is 1.7 mm, the thickness is 0.102 mm, and the dielectric constant is 3.52; The size of the square circle is the same as that of the filling medium layer; the width of the square circle is 0.07 mm.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch in the transmission array according to the forward feeding result includes: Determining a modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array based on the forward feeding result, and judging whether the modal vortex beam is the specific modal vortex beam; When the modal vortex beam is not the specific modal vortex beam, the patch radius of the circular patch corresponding to each transmission unit in the transmission array is adjusted to adjust the modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array until the transmission array generates a specific modal vortex beam under the forward feeding action of the feed source.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the patch radius of the circular patch corresponding to each transmission unit in the transmission array comprises: Determine a target transmission unit whose transmission phase is to be adjusted and position information corresponding to the target transmission unit, and calculate a phase value of the target transmission unit according to the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit and a preset modal value based on a phase calculation formula; Acquire the transmission wavelength and phase center of the feed source, and determine the feed source incident wave phase value with respect to the target transmission unit according to the transmission wavelength and the phase center based on the feed source incident wave phase calculation formula; Determining a phase compensation value of the target transmission unit based on a phase compensation formula according to a phase value of the target transmission unit and a phase value of a feed source incident wave of the target transmission unit; Determine the focus phase value of the target transmission unit according to the preset focal length and the unit phase shift value based on the focus phase calculation formula; and adjust the patch radius of the circular patch based on the phase compensation value and the focus phase value to adjust the transmission phase of the target transmission unit; According to the adjustment result of the transmission phase of each target transmission unit in the transmission array, the adjustment of the modal vortex beam corresponding to the transmission array is achieved.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The patch radius of the circular patch varies in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.58 mm; the transmission phase varies in the range of -78° to 363°.

6. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phase calculation formula includes: in, is the phase value of the target transmission unit; l is the preset mode value; x m Represented as the horizontal coordinate in the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit; y n It is represented as the ordinate in the position information corresponding to the target transmission unit; The feed source incident wave phase calculation formula includes: in, Expressed as the phase value of the incident wave from the feed source; |r m,n | represents the distance between the phase center of the feed source and the target transmission unit; λ represents the transmission wavelength; The phase compensation formula includes: in, It is expressed as the phase compensation value of the target transmission unit; The focusing phase calculation formula includes: in, It is represented by the focus phase value; f is represented by the preset focal length; Expressed as a unit phase shift value.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The preset modal values ​​include 0, 1, and 2; When the preset modal value is 0, the focal plane is located 27 mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35 mm×35 mm; When the preset modal value is 1, the focal plane is located 5 mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35 mm×35 mm; When the preset mode value is 2, the focal plane is located 3 mm away from the transmission array and has a size of 35 mm×35 mm.

8. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission unit includes a metal patch, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, a metal patch, a filling dielectric layer, a metal dielectric layer, and a metal patch, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that Arranging the plurality of transmission units in an array comprises: The transmission units are distributed in a 21×21 array in the transmission metasurface to obtain the transmission array; wherein the side length of the transmission array is 35 mm.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The feed source is a horn antenna with an aperture size of 7.84mm×11.8mm and a gain of 15dB; the distance between the feed source and the transmission metasurface is 45mm.

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