Fertilization optimization method for promoting increase of leaf area of malus spectabilis

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of the leaf area of malus spectabilis, and relates to the technical field of plant fertilization, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting malus spectabilis plants with consistent characteristics, planting the malus spectabilis plants in selected soil according to a preset line spacing, and dividing the planted malus spectabilis plants into a plurality of groups; 2, applying compound fertilizers with different proportions to each group of malus spectabilis plants at the fertilization nodes; 3, measuring the leaf area mean value of each group of malus spectabilis plants at the measurement nodes; and 4, fitting a regression equation according to the compound fertilizer ratio and the corresponding leaf area mean value, and screening out an optimal compound fertilizer ratio range by utilizing the regression equation according to a preset result constraint. The accuracy and effectiveness of the fertilizing amount can be improved, and the leaf area of the malus spectabilis can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant fertilization, and more particularly to a fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of crabapple leaf area. Background Art

[0002] 'Prairifire' (M. Prairifire) crabapple is a plant of the genus Malus in the family Rosaceae. Its flowers and leaves are bright and colorful and do not fade. It also has the advantages of large flowers and leaves, and has extremely high ornamental value. It has a wide adaptability and strong resistance. It is a variety of ornamental crabapple with excellent neutral traits. It can be used as a tree species for urban and rural greening and landscape ecological forest afforestation. It has broad market prospects in the future, strong market competitiveness, and extremely high economic and ecological value.

[0003] Leaves are an important medium for plants to exchange substances and energy with the outside world. They are not only numerous in the plant structure, but also responsible for photosynthesis, nutrient production and other functions. They are the most important tissue structure for plants to obtain energy. Therefore, the growth of leaves directly determines the growth and development of plants. Among them, the size of leaf area is often considered to be the basis for whether the "source" of plants is sufficient. It can quickly and sensitively reflect the growth status of plants and is an important growth observation indicator of plants. In addition, as a foliage plant, the leaf area of ​​'Gaoyuanhong' is an important ornamental trait. Its size directly affects the ornamental value of crabapples. Therefore, improving the leaf area of ​​'Gaoyuanhong' crabapples is an important way to enhance their economic and ornamental value.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of fertilizer application and effectively increase the leaf area of ​​crabapple is an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of the leaf area of ​​the crabapple, which helps to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the fertilization amount and increase the leaf area of ​​the crabapple.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of crabapple leaf area comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Select crabapple plants with consistent characteristics and plant them in the selected soil according to the preset row spacing, and divide the planted crabapple plants into several groups;

[0009] Step 2: Apply compound fertilizers of different proportions to each group of crabapple plants at the fertilization node;

[0010] Step 3: Measure the mean leaf area of ​​each group of crabapple plants at the measurement node;

[0011] Step 4: Fit a regression equation based on the compound fertilizer ratio and the corresponding leaf area mean, and use the regression equation to screen out the optimal compound fertilizer ratio range based on the preset result constraints.

[0012] Preferably, the preset row spacing in step 1 is 2m×3m; the selected soil is yellow-brown soil; and normal field maintenance and management are carried out after planting.

[0013] Preferably, the compound fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the urea content of the nitrogen fertilizer, the superphosphate content of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium chloride content of the potassium fertilizer are taken as three factors, and four levels are set for each factor to construct a three-factor four-level orthogonal table, and the compound fertilizer is proportioned according to the orthogonal table; the crabapple plants are fertilized by the ring application method.

[0014] Preferably, the levels of urea content include 0, 45%, 90% and 135%; the levels of superphosphate content include 0, 25%, 50% and 75%; and the levels of potassium chloride content include 0, 30%, 60% and 90%.

[0015] Preferably, at least three crabapple plants are randomly selected for sampling in each group of measurement nodes, the leaf areas of the sampled crabapple plants are measured, and the mean leaf area is calculated.

[0016] Preferably, the expression of the fitted regression equation is:

[0017] Y=a+bx 1 +cx 2 +dx 3 +ex 1 2 +fx 2 2 +gx 3 2 +hx 1 x 2 +ix 1 x 3 +jx 2 x 3

[0018] Where Y is the mean leaf area; x 1 is the urea content; x 2 is the superphosphate content; x 3 is the potassium chloride content; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j are the regression coefficients of the equation.

[0019] Preferably, the prediction result constraints include leaf area, confidence level and maximum selection frequency. The regression equation is solved according to the leaf area to obtain multiple groups of compound fertilizer ratios, the frequency of each group of compound fertilizer ratios is counted, the compound fertilizer ratio with the maximum frequency is selected, and the selected compound fertilizer ratio is adjusted according to the confidence level to obtain the optimal compound fertilizer ratio range.

[0020] Preferably, the confidence level may be taken as 95%.

[0021] It can be known from the above technical scheme that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of the leaf area of ​​crabapple, selects the number and level of compound fertilizer factors, determines the ratio according to the orthogonal test, cultivates crabapple with compound fertilizers of different ratios, and statistically analyzes the leaf area data. The polynomial solution is performed by fitting the regression equation, so that the best compound fertilizer ratio can be obtained according to the demand, which can effectively guide the production fertilization and realize scientific planting. It can effectively increase the leaf area of ​​crabapple and improve the economic value and ornamental value of crabapple. The orthogonal test can quickly find the optimal level combination and consider the interaction between factors; the optimal compound fertilizer ratio is determined by fitting the regression equation, which can avoid the situation where the compound fertilizer ratio is not included in the experimental treatment combination, making the fertilizer application more objective and accurate; the confidence level is set to obtain the optimal compound fertilizer ratio, so that the obtained results are standardized, simplified and normalized, which has important guiding significance for crabapple planting and high-quality development of the industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of crabapple leaf area provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for optimizing fertilization to promote the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0026] S1: selecting crabapple plants with consistent characteristics and planting them in selected soil according to a preset row spacing, and dividing the planted crabapple plants into several groups;

[0027] S2: Apply compound fertilizers with different proportions to each group of crabapple plants at the fertilization node;

[0028] S3: The mean leaf area of ​​each group of crabapple plants was measured at the measurement node;

[0029] S4: fitting a regression equation according to the compound fertilizer ratio and the corresponding leaf area mean, and using the regression equation to screen out the optimal compound fertilizer ratio range according to the preset result constraints.

[0030] Furthermore, the preset row spacing in S1 is 2m×3m; the selected soil is yellow-brown soil; and normal field maintenance and management are carried out after planting.

[0031] Furthermore, the compound fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The urea content of the nitrogen fertilizer, the superphosphate content of the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium chloride content of the potassium fertilizer are taken as three factors, and four levels are set for each factor. A three-factor four-level orthogonal table is constructed, and the compound fertilizer is proportioned according to the orthogonal table; the crabapple plants are fertilized by the ring application method.

[0032] Further, the level values ​​of urea (N) content include 0, 45%, 90% and 135%; the level values ​​of superphosphate (P) content include 0, 25%, 50% and 75%; the level values ​​of potassium chloride (K) content include 0, 30%, 60% and 90%. The constructed three-factor four-level orthogonal table is shown in Table 1 below:

[0033] Table 1 Three-factor four-level orthogonal table

[0034]

[0035] Furthermore, at least three crabapple plants were randomly selected for sampling in each group of measurement nodes, the leaf areas of the sampled crabapple plants were measured, and the mean leaf area was calculated.

[0036] Furthermore, the expression of the fitted regression equation is:

[0037] Y=a+bx 1 +cx 2 +dx 3 +ex 1 2 +fx 2 2 +gx 3 2 +hx 1 x 2 +ix 1 x 3 +jx 2 x 3

[0038] Where Y is the mean leaf area; x 1is the urea content (g / plant); x 2 is the superphosphate content (g / plant); x 3 is the potassium chloride content (g / plant); a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j are the regression coefficients of the equation.

[0039] Furthermore, the prediction result constraints include leaf area, confidence level and maximum selection frequency. The regression equation is solved according to the leaf area to obtain multiple groups of compound fertilizer ratios. The frequency of each group of compound fertilizer ratios is counted, and the compound fertilizer ratio with the maximum frequency is selected. The selected compound fertilizer ratio is adjusted according to the confidence level to obtain the optimal compound fertilizer ratio range.

[0040] Furthermore, the confidence level may be taken as 95%.

[0041] Furthermore, the reliability of the fitted regression equation was verified. The variance inflation factors (VIF values) of the independent variables of the regression equation were all less than 10, which showed that there was no multicollinearity problem in the data and that multiple linear regression analysis could be performed. The correlation coefficient R of the regression equation was greater than or equal to 0.8, which proved that the regression equation had a good fit. The F significance statistic of the variance analysis was less than 0.05, indicating that the regression effect of the regression equation was significant and that reasonable fertilization of crabapple could be decided.

[0042] On the other hand, in a specific embodiment, a certain crabapple planting resource garden (199°55'E, 32°42'N) was selected to conduct an experiment using the method of the present invention. The planting location has a northern subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, an average annual temperature of 14.85°C, an annual precipitation of 1063mm, an average annual sunshine duration of 2172.3h, and an average annual frost-free period of 320d. The soil texture of the test site is sandy loam, deep and fertile, with a flat terrain and good drainage conditions. The soil in the plough layer (0-20cm) contains 1.72g / kg of total N, 0.146g / kg of total P, 13.87mg / kg of effective P, and 3.5mg / kg of quick-acting K. 97.07mg / kg, organic matter 26.91g / kg, pH≈6.72; 5-year-old healthy and pest-free 'Gaoyuanhong' crabapple grafted seedlings were selected as test materials, with plant height of 2.5-3m, crown width of 1.5-2m, plant row spacing of 2m×3m, and normal field management before the start of the experiment.

[0043] The combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was designed with a "3414" experiment, with three factors of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, four levels and a total of 14 treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times, with a total of 42 experimental plots, with an area of ​​20 m 2 , isolation ridges were set between each experimental plot. There were 5 crabapple trees in each plot, totaling 210 trees. The tree vigor of the crabapple trees was basically the same. The specific fertilization design is shown in Table 2.

[0044] Table 2 Fertilization ratio

[0045]

[0046] The fertilizers used in the experiment were urea containing 46% nitrogen and P 2 O 5 12% superphosphate, containing K 2 O60% potassium chloride, urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate are evenly mixed according to the fertilizer application amount of each treatment formula in Table 2, and bagged after weighing using an electronic balance. The fertilization method adopts furrow application (ring), digging a ring furrow at a radius of 0.3 to 0.5m from the root of the tree, close to the outer periphery of the crown projection, and evenly spreading the weighed fertilizer and covering it with soil. The fertilization time is December 15, 2021.

[0047] The measurement time was selected as June 15, July 15 and August 15, 2022. Three crabapple plants were randomly selected in each treatment at each measurement time node. The leaf area was measured using a LI-3000 portable leaf area meter. The average value was taken as the leaf area value of the plants in the treatment group and recorded. The relationship table between fertilization ratio and leaf area was compiled, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0048] Table 3 Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application on leaf area of ​​crabapple (cm 2 )

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 3, different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have a great impact on the leaf area of ​​'Gaoyuanhong' crabapple. Compared with the control (treatment 1), the leaf area of ​​the crabapple in each fertilization group increased to varying degrees, and there were significant differences in leaf area between different fertilization treatments (P < 0.05). Among them, treatment 11 had the best effect, increasing by 45.35%, 45.38%, and 25.01% compared with the control group at each time point, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05).

[0051] The leaf area data of 'Gaoyuanhong' Malus in Table 3 were used to fit the regression equation, and the effects of three-factor fertilizers on leaf area were further analyzed. 1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ) The regression model of three factors, the established ternary quadratic fertilizer effect regression equation is as follows:

[0052] Y=335.202+4.486x 1 -323.853x 2 +704.116x 3 -1.607x 1 2 -3.702x 2 2 -2.273x3 2 +8.

[0053] 129x 1 x 2 -4.324x 1 x 3 -151.309x 2 x 3

[0054] The coefficient table of the regression equation is shown in Table 4 below. In the regression equation, urea content (N), superphosphate (P) and potassium chloride (K) are used as independent variables. The VIF values ​​of the independent variables N, P and K are all less than 10, which means that the data basically meets the assumptions of multivariate linear analysis and there is no multicollinearity problem, so multivariate linear regression analysis can be performed.

[0055] Table 4 Regression equation coefficients

[0056] Model Tolerance VIF N 0.865 1.156 P 0.863 1.159 K 0.811 1.233

[0057] The regression statistics of the regression equation are shown in Table 5. The multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.973, indicating that the relationship between the independent variable x and the dependent variable Y is highly positively correlated; the multiple determination coefficient R2 = 0.946, indicating that the explanation of the independent variable to the dependent variable reached 94.60%, which also shows that the degree of fit is good. The adjusted multiple determination coefficient reached 0.919, indicating that the independent variable x can explain 91.90% of the dependent variable Y.

[0058] Table 5 Regression statistical results

[0059] project Numeric Multiple correlation coefficient R 0.973 Multiple determination coefficient R2 0.946 Adjusted multiple determination coefficient R2 0.919 Standard error 1.0163

[0060] The results of the regression analysis of the regression equation are shown in Table 6 below. Significance F = 0.002 < 0.01, and the F significance statistic is less than the significance level of 0.05, indicating that the above regression equation has a significant regression effect. Therefore, this equation can determine the appropriate fertilization of the 'Gaoyuanhong' crabapple. 1 、x 2 and x 3 By taking the derivatives of each factor, we can get the factor combination and the maximum leaf area. That is, when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate reaches 101.5g / plant, the phosphorus fertilizer application rate reaches 59.74g / plant, and the potassium fertilizer application rate reaches 37.90g / plant, the leaf area of ​​'Gaoyuanhong' crabapple can reach the theoretical maximum value of 34.896cm 2 .

[0061] Table 6 Results of regression analysis and variance analysis

[0062] project df SS MS F SignificanceF Regression analysis 3 71.395 23.799 10.336 0.002 Residual 10 23.025 2.303 total 3 94.421

[0063] By solving the polynomial, the best fertilizer ratio combination is obtained. However, this ratio is only a point on the function curve. In production, a 95% confidence range is usually adopted to set an optimal result interval. The range of the optimal fertilizer dosage and ratio scheme is obtained through simulation method, thereby guiding production fertilization.

[0064] In this embodiment, the leaf area is set to be greater than or equal to 29 cm 2 As the most suitable result interval, four levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were set, and 15 application schemes were further selected through step-by-step optimization and statistical analysis by computer simulation. As shown in Table 7 below, through frequency analysis, it can be seen that the frequencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers falling into the most suitable result interval are: nitrogen: 0, 0, 0.40, 0.60; phosphorus: 0.06, 0.30, 0.40, 0.20; potassium: 0.26, 0.40, 0.34, 0. The average value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was substituted into the above three-dimensional quadratic fertilizer effect regression equation as the optimized fertilizer amount, and the corresponding leaf area values ​​were obtained. The recommended fertilization range was determined with a 95% confidence interval, which were 92.4556-147.3685 g / plant for nitrogen fertilizer, 24.9689-78.3014 g / plant for phosphorus fertilizer, and 28.3325-51.8541 g / plant for potassium fertilizer.

[0065] Table 7 Leaf area greater than or equal to 29 cm 2 Frequency distribution table of

[0066]

[0067] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0068] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing fertilization to promote the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select crabapple plants with consistent characteristics and plant them in the selected soil according to the preset row spacing, and divide the planted crabapple plants into several groups; Step 2: Apply compound fertilizers of different proportions to each group of crabapple plants at the fertilization node; Step 3: Measure the mean leaf area of ​​each group of crabapple plants at the measurement node; Step 4: Fit a regression equation based on the compound fertilizer ratio and the corresponding leaf area mean, and use the regression equation to screen out the optimal compound fertilizer ratio range based on the preset result constraints.

2. A fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the preset row spacing is 2m×3m; the selected soil is yellow-brown soil.

3. A fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple according to claim 1, characterized in that: Compound fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer. The urea content of nitrogen fertilizer, the superphosphate content of phosphate fertilizer and the potassium chloride content of potash fertilizer are taken as three factors. Four levels are set for each factor to construct a three-factor four-level orthogonal table, and compound fertilizers are proportioned according to the orthogonal table.

4. A fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple according to claim 3, characterized in that: The levels of urea content include 0, 45%, 90% and 135%; the levels of superphosphate content include 0, 25%, 50% and 75%; and the levels of potassium chloride content include 0, 30%, 60% and 90%.

5. A fertilization optimization method for promoting the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least three crabapple plants were randomly selected from each group at the measurement node for sampling, the leaf area of ​​the sampled crabapple plants was measured, and the mean leaf area was calculated.

6. A method for optimizing fertilization for promoting the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple according to claim 3, characterized in that: The expression of the fitted regression equation is: Y=a+bx1+cx2+dx3+ex1 2 +fx2 2 +gx3 2 +hx1x2+ix1x3+jx2x3 Among them, Y is the mean leaf area; x1 is the urea content; x2 is the superphosphate content; x3 is the potassium chloride content; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, and j are the regression coefficients of the equation respectively.

7. A method for optimizing fertilization for promoting the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prediction result constraints include leaf area, confidence level and maximum frequency of selection; step 4 also includes solving the regression equation according to the leaf area, obtaining multiple groups of compound fertilizer ratios, counting the frequency of each group of compound fertilizer ratios, selecting the compound fertilizer ratio with the maximum frequency, and adjusting the selected compound fertilizer ratio according to the confidence level to obtain the optimal compound fertilizer ratio range.

8. A method for optimizing fertilization for promoting the increase of leaf area of ​​crabapple according to claim 7, characterized in that: The confidence level can be taken as 95%.

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