Bud slice pruning, seedling budding and management method for woody budding sticks

Abstract

The invention provides a bud slice pruning, seedling budding and management method for a woody budding stick, and belongs to the technical field of nursery stock cultivation. The bud slice pruning method comprises the following steps: cutting a bud slice from a woody bolting bud stick, and enabling a leaf bud mark to be positioned in the middle of the bud slice; dividing the bud slice into two parts, namely a morphological upper end part and a morphological lower end part, by taking the leaf bud mark of the bud slice as a boundary, and obliquely cutting off the tail ends of the morphological upper end and the morphological lower end of the bud slice respectively by taking the left side and the right side of the leaf bud mark as starting points, so that the morphological upper end and the morphological lower end of the bud slice take the shape of two isosceles trapezoids by taking the leaf bud mark as the boundary; then xylem of the bud slices is removed, and the trimmed bud slices are obtained. The bud grafting difficulty can be reduced and the survival rate can be increased by using the bud slices obtained by the pruning method for bud grafting. In addition, callus is in contact with air one week after the seedlings are transplanted, and mould breeding is prevented. Finally, by means of the bud grafting method, the bud grafting survival rate of the suberized bud sticks can be increased to 78.41%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and in particular relates to a bud pruning, seedling bud grafting and management method of corky bud strips. Background Art

[0002] Prior art discloses a technology of cultivating rubber tree seedlings---rubber tree seedling budding seedling raising method, this method can shorten the seedling raising time by 12~14 months compared with traditional budding pile seedling raising method, while reducing seedling raising cost and labor intensity, also improves the nursery productivity per unit area.But in rubber tree seedling budding production practice, because the stock of seedling budding is young and tender and diameter is little (0.3cm), so the bud bar that best matches with budding seedling is micro bud bar and young tender bud bar, but micro bud bar is the bud bar obtained by tissue culture means, though budding survival rate is extremely high, but cultivation and budding difficulty are larger, cost is high; And though young tender bud bar is short in cultivation time, budding survival rate is high, but cultivation obtains bud bar amount very few (CN103688768B, Yunnan Tropical Crops Science Research Institute, application date 2013.12.20).Therefore, no matter micro bud bar or young tender bud bar are all unfavorable for large-scale application. Although the green buds with a slightly smaller diameter (0.5-0.6 cm in diameter) are slightly thicker than the rootstock, the survival rate of bud grafting can still reach more than 80%. The cork-like buds commonly used in bud grafting have the advantages of large quantity and easy acquisition, but they have a low survival rate due to their thick diameter (generally more than 1.2 cm in diameter), mismatch with the rootstock size, and improper bud grafting methods (four buds such as Figure 1 Therefore, it is hoped that a method for pruning or budding of corky buds can be provided to improve the budding survival rate of corky buds. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a bud pruning, seedling bud grafting and management method of corky bud strips with high survival rate.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a bud pruning method for corky bud strips, and the bud pruning method comprises:

[0006] (1) Cut the buds from the corky buds so that the leaf bud scar is in the middle of the buds;

[0007] (2) Using the leaf bud scar as the boundary, the bud is divided into two parts, namely, the morphological upper part and the morphological lower part. Then, starting from the left and right sides of the leaf bud scar, the bud is cut obliquely to the ends of the morphological upper and lower ends of the bud, respectively, so that the morphological upper and lower ends of the bud are in the shape of two isosceles trapezoids with the leaf bud scar as the boundary. Then, the wood of the bud is removed to obtain a trimmed bud.

[0008] Preferably, the bud pieces in step (1) are 1.5 to 2.5 cm long and 1.2 to 1.5 cm wide, and are cut to a thickness that reaches the xylem.

[0009] Preferably, the method for cutting bud pieces is the pushing method.

[0010] Preferably, the leaf bud scar is a trace of a leaf bud on the stem axis of the plant.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the end of the morphological upper end portion is 0.4-0.5 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the width of the end of the morphological lower end portion is less than 0.3 cm, so that the overall width of the lower half of the leaf bud scar is narrower than the overall width of the upper half.

[0013] The present invention also provides a seedling budding method of corky bud strips, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (a) Select rootstocks in the budding or bronze stage and use the half-open window method to open the bud interface;

[0015] (b) collecting semi-cork buds as scions, trimming the buds using the above-mentioned bud trimming method, inserting the morphological lower part of the trimmed buds into the bud interface, holding the buds with the retained abdominal sac skin, and tying them to obtain bud-grafted seedlings;

[0016] (c) transplanting the grafted seedlings within 0.5 to 1 day after the grafting.

[0017] Preferably, the half-window method is: a bud interface about 4 to 5 cm long and 1 / 4 to 3 / 4 stem circumference wide is opened on the flat and wide side of the seedling stem, the lower end of the bud interface has an ion leaf of 1.8 to 2.2 cm, and 0.45 to 0.55 cm of the abdominal sac skin is retained for clamping the bud piece.

[0018] Preferably, the semi-cork buds are branches whose top leaves are in a stable or sprouting stage in a proliferation nursery.

[0019] Preferably, the bud grafting method further comprises the step (d) of removing the plastic film at the bud grafting point 6 to 8 days after transplanting.

[0020] The buds obtained by pruning the present invention are used for budding, which can reduce the difficulty of budding. At the same time, the budding survival rate of the cork bud bud provided by the present invention is as high as 78.41%, which is 47.86% higher than that of the rubber tree seedling budding method in the prior art. In addition, compared with the rubber tree seedling budding method in the prior art, the present invention also opens the plastic bundle film at the budding point about one week after transplanting, so that the wound after healing can be properly exposed to air, effectively preventing the original warm and humid microenvironment from breeding mold and then endangering the healed wound, and significantly improving the budding survival rate.

[0021] In summary, the budding method provided by the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of budding of corky bud seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The following is a comparison of four types of bud sticks (from left to right: micro bud sticks, young bud sticks, small-stemmed green bud sticks and semi-corked bud sticks.

[0023] Figure 2 The semi-corked buds are pruned by different methods (A is the bud pruned by the method of Example 1, and B is the bud pruned in Comparative Example 1).

[0024] Figure 3 These are seedlings that have been budded by different methods (the plants on the left are the seedlings that have been budded in Comparative Example 1, and the plants on the right are the seedlings that have been budded in Example 2).

[0025] Figure 4 The bud grafted seedlings of Example 2 survived. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A bud pruning method comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Use a budding knife to cut a bud piece from the morphological lower end to the morphological upper end of the bud stick by pushing the top method. The bud piece is 2 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, and the thickness reaches the xylem, with the leaf bud scar in the middle of the bud piece;

[0030] (2) Using the leaf bud scar as the boundary, the bud is divided into two parts, namely, the morphological upper part and the morphological lower part. Then, starting from the left and right sides of the leaf bud scar, the bud is cut obliquely to the ends of the morphological upper and lower ends of the bud, respectively, so that the end width of the morphological upper part is 0.4 cm, and the end width of the morphological lower part is 0.3 cm. The overall width of the lower half of the leaf bud scar is narrower than the overall width of the upper half, and finally two isosceles trapezoidal shapes are formed with the leaf bud scar as the boundary. Then, the wood of the bud is removed to obtain a trimmed bud (such as Figure 2 A).

[0031] The leaf bud scar is a trace of a leaf bud on the stem axis of a plant.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A budding method for corky buds comprises the following steps:

[0034] (a) collecting rootstocks at the sprouting stage on a sand bed, opening a bud interface about 4.5 cm long and 1 / 2 stem circumference wide on the flat wide side of the seedling stem, leaving 2 cm of lobes below the bud interface, and retaining 0.5 cm of the ventral sac skin for bud support;

[0035] (b) Collect semi-cork buds with top leaves in the proliferation nursery at the sprouting stage as scions, trim the buds using the pruning method of Example 1, insert the morphological lower part of the trimmed buds into the bud interface, hold the buds with the retained ventral sac skin, and use a binding belt to bind them from the morphological lower end to the morphological upper end (be careful not to slide the buds during binding, adjust the binding angle along the shape of the buds, apply force evenly, and do not break the rootstock seedlings), and obtain bud-grafted seedlings (such as Figure 3 The budded seedlings are stored in a wide-mouthed container filled with water, and the bud interface cannot be immersed in water;

[0036] (c) half a day after budding, the budded seedlings are transplanted into a nutrient bag. Before transplanting, a hole is made in the middle of the bag with a wooden stick, which is longer than the main root of the seedling and wider than the seed. The main root of the seedling is inserted into the hole, and the surrounding soil is pressed toward the main root with a wooden stick. Water the bag with enough water to allow the roots to settle;

[0037] (d) 7 days after transplanting, remove the plastic wrap at the bud junction to allow the healed wound to have adequate contact with the air and prevent the original warm and humid microenvironment from breeding mold and damaging the healed wound.

[0038] The bud grafted plants are as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] Rubber tree seedling budding method (refer to DB5328 / T 10-2019 Rubber tree seedling budding production technical regulations)

[0041] The difference from Example 2 is that:

[0042] In step (b), the bud pieces cut are 2 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and rectangular in shape (the shape of the bud pieces is as follows Figure 2 As shown in B, the budded seedlings are Figure 3 The plant on the left is shown);

[0043] Step (d) is not included.

[0044] Test Example 1

[0045] The survival of seedling budding was performed using Yunyan 77-4 conventional semi-corked buds as scions and GT1 seedlings as rootstocks. Eight bud grafters were selected and divided into two groups. The grouping conditions are shown in Table 1. The budding was performed using the schemes given in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. The budding time was from October 20 to November 20, 2021. The cultivation management method referred to DB5328 / T 10-2019. The survival rate was investigated two weeks after budding. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0046] Table 1 Survival rate of bud grafting by different methods

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rates of the bud grafting methods of Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 are quite different. The survival rate of Example 2 (bud grafting with the method mastered) is as high as 78.41%, while that of Comparative Example 1 (bud grafting with the method not mastered) is only 30.55%, a difference of 47.86%.

[0050] In the actual operation process, it is found that when the bud pieces are trimmed into rectangles by the bud piece trimming method in comparative example 1, on the one hand, if the bud pieces are bundled a little tighter, the bud points will be tilted, the bud pieces will be separated from the stock, and the stock and scion will not heal easily; on the other hand, if the bud pieces are bundled loosely, although the situation of the bud points being separated from the stock is avoided, it will cause the bud points to slide, resulting in the stock and scion not being easy to heal, so the bud piece trimming method of comparative example 1 will increase the difficulty of bundling. After adopting the bud piece trimming method of the present invention, as long as the bud pieces are guaranteed not to slide during bud grafting, the problem of bud point tilting will not occur even if the bundle is slightly tight, which greatly reduces the difficulty of bud grafting. In addition, during the bud grafting process, if the plastic bundle film at the bud grafting point is not opened about a week after transplanting, the high temperature and humid environment will easily cause the healing tissue to be contaminated by bacteria, which will further reduce the survival rate of bud grafting.

[0051] In summary, the budding method provided by the present invention has low operating difficulty and can significantly improve the survival rate of seedling budding.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for pruning buds of corky buds, characterized in that: The bud pruning method is as follows: (1) Cut the buds from the corky buds so that the leaf bud scar is in the middle of the buds; (2) Using the leaf bud scar as the boundary, the bud is divided into two parts, namely, the morphological upper part and the morphological lower part. Then, starting from the left and right sides of the leaf bud scar, the bud is cut obliquely to the ends of the morphological upper and lower ends of the bud, respectively, so that the morphological upper and lower ends of the bud are in the shape of two isosceles trapezoids with the leaf bud scar as the boundary. Then, the wood of the bud is removed to obtain a trimmed bud.

2. The bud pruning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bud pieces in step (1) are 1.5 to 2.5 cm long and 1.2 to 1.5 cm wide, and are cut to a thickness that reaches the xylem.

3. The bud pruning method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for cutting bud pieces is a pushing method.

4. The bud pruning method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The leaf bud scar is a trace of a leaf bud on the stem axis of a plant.

5. The bud pruning method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The terminal width of the morphological upper end portion is 0.4 to 0.5 cm.

6. The bud pruning method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The terminal width of the morphological lower end portion is less than 0.3 cm, so that the overall width of the lower half of the leaf bud scar is narrower than the overall width of the upper half.

7. A method for budding seedlings of corky buds, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (a) Select rootstocks in the budding or bronze stage and use the half-open window method to open the bud interface; (b) collecting semi-cork buds as scions, and then trimming the buds using the bud trimming method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, inserting the morphological lower part of the trimmed buds into the bud interface, holding the buds with the retained ventral sac skin, and tying them to obtain bud-grafted seedlings; (c) transplanting the grafted seedlings within 0.5 to 1 day after the grafting.

8. The seedling budding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The half-open window method is as follows: a bud interface about 4 to 5 cm long and 1 / 4 to 3 / 4 stem circumference wide is opened on the flat and wide side of the seedling stem, the lower end of the bud interface has an ion leaf of 1.8 to 2.2 cm, and 0.45 to 0.55 cm of the abdominal sac skin is retained for clamping the bud piece.

9. The seedling budding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The semi-cork buds are branches whose top leaves in the proliferation nursery are in a stable or sprouting stage.

10. The seedling budding method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bud grafting method further comprises the step (d) of removing the plastic film at the bud grafting point 6 to 8 days after transplanting.

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