Planting method of selenium-rich apricots

Abstract

The invention provides a selenium-rich apricot planting method, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The planting method comprises the following steps: soil preparation and fertilization management; performing planting; fertilization: respectively carrying out topdressing before flowering, in a flower bud differentiation period and in a fruit expansion period; and harvesting. A fertilizer for topdressing is a selenium-rich fertilizer, and the selenium-rich fertilizer is composed of a microbial fertilizer, animal manure, waste plant rhizomes, monopotassium phosphate, urea and a substance containing a selenium element; the microbial fertilizer is prepared from saline-alkaline tolerant bacillus, pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. According to the selenium-rich fertilizer disclosed by the invention, the saline-alkaline tolerant bacillus, the pseudomonas and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are added into the selenium-rich fertilizer, and the enrichment effect of apricot trees on selenium in soil is improved through the synergistic effect of the saline-alkaline tolerant bacillus, the pseudomonas and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, so that the content of selenium in apricots is greatly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and in particular to a method for planting selenium-enriched apricots. Background Art

[0002] The whole body of the apricot tree is a treasure with a wide range of uses and high economic value. Apricot fruit is rich in nutrients, containing a variety of organic ingredients and vitamins and inorganic salts necessary for the human body. It is a fruit with high nutritional value. Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body. Most of the selenium compounds in the soil are insoluble selenium salts with extremely low bioavailability and cannot be effectively used by plants. Supplementing selenium is particularly important for humans to maintain physiological functions. Therefore, selenium-rich foods have emerged.

[0003] In the prior art, methods for obtaining selenium-enriched apricots have also been provided. First, inorganic selenium solution is sprayed in the late stage of fruit growth. In this method, the selenium-enriched nutrient has low technical content, the implementation method is relatively complicated, and repeated spraying is required. In addition, the inorganic selenium residue in the final fruit is very large, which is toxic to the human body. Second, it is planted in naturally selenium-enriched areas. This method can produce apricots with a high selenium content, but due to the regional differences in selenium content in the soil of selenium-enriched areas, it is impossible to quantitatively control the selenium content in apricots. Third, selenium-enriched fertilizer is applied to the soil of the fruit field. This method can ensure that the apricots meet the selenium-enriched standard and increase the organic selenium content in the apricots. However, because the root application is adopted in the field in the middle stage of crop growth, it cannot be guaranteed that the nutrient is fully absorbed by the fruit. Most of the selenium in the nutrient will remain in the soil, reducing the utilization rate of selenium fertilizer.

[0004] In summary, the existing technology realizes the cultivation of selenium-rich apricots by continuously applying inorganic selenium fertilizers to the roots, spraying on the leaves or spraying on the fruit surface during the planting period. However, due to poor absorption, the applied selenium flows out, which has a certain impact on the environment and the pollution-free nature of the fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for planting selenium-rich apricots. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting selenium-enriched apricots.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for planting selenium-enriched apricots comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1. Land preparation and fertilization management: Deeply till the soil and apply organic fertilizer to increase soil nutrients;

[0009] Step 2. Planting: Plant apricot seedlings in late March to early April;

[0010] Step 3. Fertilization: topdressing before flowering, during flower bud differentiation and during fruit expansion;

[0011] Step 4. Harvesting;

[0012] The topdressing fertilizer is a selenium-rich fertilizer, which is composed of microbial fertilizer, animal feces, discarded plant rhizomes, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and selenium-containing substances; the microbial fertilizer includes salt-alkali tolerant Bacillus, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the bacterial content in the microbial fertilizer is 5-10%; the mass ratio of the salt-tolerant Bacillus, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is (1-1.5):(1-2):(1-2); the mass ratio of the microbial fertilizer, animal feces, discarded plant rhizomes, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and selenium-containing substances is (1-3):(50-60):(20-30):(1-5):(5-25):(0.5-1).

[0014] In the microbial fertilizer of the present invention, the remaining 90-95% is a carrier matrix commonly used in the art for carrying and preserving live bacteria. In the microbial fertilizer, the survival rate of bacteria is greater than 90%.

[0015] In the present invention, the waste plant rhizomes are rhizomes of crops rich in selenium, such as rhizomes of crops such as wheat, corn, and potato.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the substance containing selenium is selenite and / or selenate.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 1, the soil is deep plowed to a depth of 30-40 cm; the organic fertilizer is animal manure; and the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1000-1500 kg / mu.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 2, during the planting of apricot seedlings, the planting density is 50-90 plants / mu, the row spacing is 3-4 meters, and the plant spacing is 2.5-3.5 meters.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 3, before flowering, the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 2-3 kg / plant, during the flower bud differentiation period, the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 5-8 kg / plant, and during the fruit expansion period, the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 10-15 kg / plant.

[0020] In the present invention, the animal excrement involved is sheep excrement or cow excrement.

[0021] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0022] The invention adds salt-alkali tolerant Bacillus, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into selenium-enriched fertilizer, and increases the enrichment effect of apricot trees on selenium in the soil through the synergistic effect of the salt-alkali tolerant Bacillus, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, thereby greatly increasing the selenium content in apricots. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0025] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0026] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0027] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0028] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0029] In the present invention, the apricot trees are subjected to enhanced cultivation and pest and disease control according to conventional technical means of those skilled in the art.

[0030] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0031] This embodiment carried out a planting experiment in an apricot orchard in Qinghai.

[0032] The variety of apricot used in the embodiment is Qinghong apricot, and the selenium content in the apricot was detected when it was in the third year of fruiting.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Step 1. Land preparation and fertilization management: Deeply till the soil to a depth of about 30-40 cm, and apply sheep manure (1000 kg / mu) to increase soil nutrients;

[0035] Step 2. Planting: Plant apricot seedlings on April 3. During the planting process, the planting density is 60 plants / mu, the row spacing is about 4 meters, and the plant spacing is about 3 meters;

[0036] Step 3. Fertilization: Topdressing is performed before flowering, during the flower bud differentiation period, and during the fruit expansion period; the fertilizer used for topdressing is selenium-rich fertilizer, which is composed of microbial fertilizer, sheep manure, discarded plant rhizomes, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 3:60:30:5:20:0.8, and the content of bacteria in the microbial fertilizer (the mass ratio of salt-tolerant Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is 1.5:1:1) is 10%. Before flowering, the amount of selenium-rich fertilizer applied is 3kg / plant, during the flower bud differentiation period, the amount of selenium-rich fertilizer applied is 7kg / plant, and during the fruit expansion period, the amount of selenium-rich fertilizer applied is 15kg / plant;

[0037] Step 4. Harvest the fruits when they are ripe.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of microbial fertilizer is omitted in the selenium-rich fertilizer, and the remaining steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] The only difference from Example 1 is that the microorganisms in the microbial fertilizer are only arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the remaining steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0042] Comparative Example 3

[0043] The only difference from Example 1 is that the microbial fertilizer consists of salt-alkali tolerant Bacillus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mass ratio of 1.5:1, and the remaining steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0044] Comparative Example 4

[0045] The only difference from Example 1 is that the microbial fertilizer consists of Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the remaining steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 5

[0047] The only difference from Example 1 is that the microbial fertilizer consists of salt-alkali tolerant Bacillus and Pseudomonas in a mass ratio of 1.5:1, and the remaining steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0048] The quality of apricot samples produced according to the above embodiments and comparative examples was measured, and apricots grown with selenium-rich fertilizer replaced with sheep manure, waste plant rhizomes, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and sodium selenite in a mass ratio of 60:30:5:20:0.8 were used as controls.

[0049] Quality measurement

[0050] Determination of selenium content: Take out the fruit sample from the -80℃ refrigerator and grind the sample into powder with a sample grinder. Weigh the samples separately, randomly select 4 samples for each example, weigh 2g of each sample, put it into a 10mL centrifuge tube, repeat 4 times for each sample, and determine the average value. Pour the weighed sample into a digestion tube, add nitric acid and perchloric acid (the ratio of nitric acid and perchloric acid is 7:1), soak the sample at room temperature overnight, then pre-digest in a digestion furnace at 100℃ for 1d, use a microwave digester, and then completely digest in a digestion furnace at 150℃ until the digestate is clear and transparent. Dilute the digestate with ultrapure water and make up to 25mL. The selenium content in the digested sample was determined by ICP-MS, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1

[0052]

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting selenium-enriched apricots, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1. Land preparation and fertilization management: Deeply till the soil and apply organic fertilizer to increase soil nutrients; Step 2. Planting: Plant apricot seedlings in late March to early April; Step 3. Fertilization: topdressing before flowering, during flower bud differentiation and during fruit expansion; Step 4. Harvesting; The topdressing fertilizer is a selenium-rich fertilizer, which is composed of microbial fertilizer, animal feces, discarded plant rhizomes, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and selenium-containing substances; the microbial fertilizer includes salt-alkali tolerant Bacillus, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

2. The method for planting selenium-enriched apricots according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial content in the microbial fertilizer is 5-10%; the mass ratio of the salt-tolerant Bacillus, Pseudomonas and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is (1-1.5):(1-2):(1-2); the mass ratio of the microbial fertilizer, animal feces, discarded plant rhizomes, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and selenium-containing substances is (1-3):(50-60):(20-30):(1-5):(5-25):(0.5-1).

3. The planting method of selenium-enriched apricot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substance containing selenium element is selenite and / or selenate.

4. The method for planting selenium-enriched apricots according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the soil is deep plowed to a depth of 30-40 cm; the organic fertilizer is animal manure; and the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1000-1500 kg / mu.

5. The method for planting selenium-enriched apricots according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, during the planting of apricot seedlings, the planting density is 50-90 plants / mu, the row spacing is 3-4 meters, and the plant spacing is 2.5-3.5 meters.

6. The method for planting selenium-enriched apricots according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, before flowering, the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 2-3 kg / plant, during the flower bud differentiation period, the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 5-8 kg / plant, and during the fruit expansion period, the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 10-15 kg / plant.

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