Regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing method and device based on ice layer constraint and laser induction

Abstract

The invention discloses a regioselective electrochemical collaborative processing method and device based on ice layer constraint and laser induction, and relates to the field of non-traditional machining.A refrigeration module is used for constructing a solid ice seal layer on the surface of a processing sample, and the processing sample is heated through a transparent cathode head in an integrated cathode through a laser irradiation module; performing phase change melting on the ice layer in the processing area to form a micro-channel; then, under the action of a pulsed electric field, the electrolyte is directionally conveyed to a machining area of a machined sample through an internal flow channel of the integrated cathode, and localized electrochemical machining is triggered. The machining device is designed to achieve the machining method, under the cold state condition, a to-be-machined part is frozen firstly, the energy density of a machining area is enhanced through cooperative coupling of laser irradiation and electrochemical dissolution, the surface of the machining area is frozen and melted, a non-machining area is frozen continuously, and then the purpose of localized electrochemical machining without stray corrosion is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of composite processing in special processing, and in particular to a method and a device for regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing based on ice layer constraint and laser induction. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, from aerospace to biomedicine, from 3C electronics to the automotive industry, whether it is precision instruments or conventional equipment, mechanical manufacturing is an indispensable part. With the development of materials science, traditional mechanical processing methods have been difficult to meet the processing requirements of the mechanism in many aspects, especially in some complex and precise mechanical systems such as aircraft engines. In order to ensure the integrity and functionality of the structure under harsh working environments, high requirements and high standards are placed on materials and processing accuracy. Traditional processing methods will bring manufacturing defects such as cutting heat and tool extrusion leading to cracks under the surface. With the development of special processing, this problem is gradually being solved. Among them, electrochemical processing is a relatively mature special processing method.

[0003] Electrochemical machining is a machining mode that achieves material removal through an electrochemical reaction between the cathode tool and the anode workpiece in an electrolyte environment. As a special machining technology, it can perform high-efficiency machining without tool wear. However, due to the influence of stray current, the affected area of ​​the machining is difficult to control, the non-machining area is seriously affected by stray corrosion, and the localization of the machining is reduced. In response to the stray corrosion problem of electrochemical machining, many experts and scholars have proposed different solutions. The Chinese patent "Method for Preparing a Coating to Prevent Stray Corrosion during Electrolytic Machining of Metal Parts" with application number 202210653573.9 discloses a method of preparing a layer of pure aluminum coating on the surface of the electrolytically processed metal part, and then using anodizing technology to convert the coating into a dense insulating aluminum oxide coating, thereby ensuring that the non-machined surface is protected from stray corrosion. However, the method of adding a coating is difficult to operate when facing the machining of parts with complex surfaces. Some scholars have also proposed a special processing mode of low-temperature electrochemical machining. The Chinese patent "Low-temperature electrolytic precision machining method" with application number 201910608284.5 discloses: by using a refrigeration device to lower the electrolyte temperature, reduce the mobility of ions in the electrolyte, improve the nonlinearity and localization of the electrolyte, and weaken the stray corrosion effect. At the same time, pure water is used to freeze the ice on the workpiece to cover the non-processing area of ​​the workpiece. Since pure water is not conductive, the non-processing area can be isolated from the electrolyte, thereby avoiding the occurrence of stray corrosion in the non-processing area and protecting the non-processing area. In this invention, the reduction in electrolyte temperature will also reduce the electrochemical reaction rate and reduce the processing efficiency. Therefore, in the current electrolytic processing in low-temperature environments, there is still room for further improvement in processing localization and processing efficiency.

[0004] Existing problems: Traditional electrochemical machining has stray corrosion, which has a great impact on surface accuracy; it has high requirements for material conductivity. The addition of a low temperature environment will slow down the electrochemical reaction rate and reduce machining efficiency; ice crystal cracks will damage the surface and reduce machining quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing based on ice layer constraint and laser induction. Under cold conditions, the workpiece to be processed is first frozen, and then the energy density of the processing area is enhanced through the synergistic coupling of laser irradiation and electrochemical dissolution, so that the ice on the surface of the processing area is melted, and the non-processing area is continuously frozen, thereby achieving the purpose of localized electrolytic processing without stray corrosion.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0007] A method for regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing based on ice layer constraint and laser induction includes the following steps: using a refrigeration module to construct a solid ice layer on the surface of a processing sample, heating the processing sample through a laser irradiation module via a transparent cathode head in an integrated cathode, so that the ice layer in the processing area undergoes phase change and melts to form a microchannel; then, under the action of a pulsed electric field, the electrolyte is directionally transported to the processing area of ​​the processing sample through the internal flow channel of the integrated cathode, triggering localized electrochemical processing, while the non-processing area maintains solid constraint under continuous refrigeration; and real-time balance control of the solid-liquid interface is achieved by dynamically adjusting the laser energy and cooling intensity.

[0008] The above scheme specifically includes the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: placing the processing surface of the processing sample under the integrated cathode and clamping it in the working chamber through the anode pressing sheet; the integrated cathode is connected to the negative electrode of the pulse power supply through a wire, and the processing sample is connected to the positive electrode of the pulse power supply through a wire, and the temperature of the refrigeration module is set through a computer so that the electrolyte condenses into ice and wraps around the surface of the processing sample;

[0010] Step S2: through the instructions issued by the computer, the scanning parameters of the laser and the electrical parameters of the electrolytic processing are set, the pulse power supply is turned on, and the electrolyte lost by the laser beam irradiation is replenished; the laser beam is irradiated on the processing area on the surface of the processing sample through the transparent cathode head; a local transient high-temperature area is formed at the processing area position to melt the ice layer in the scanned area, thereby locally enhancing the conductive performance, and starting the laser-enhanced local electrolytic processing;

[0011] Step S3: As the laser scans, the ice layer in the laser irradiation area melts and vaporizes, and the laser irradiation area is supplemented with electrolyte to form a processing area. At the same time, the material in the melted area and the transparent cathode head are electrolytically processed; after the laser scanning path passes, the processed area will be frozen, and a layer of solid electrolyte will be formed on its surface again, and the electrolytic processing is terminated; after the electrochemical test is completed, the scanned area is frozen to achieve a dynamic balance between the melted area and the solidified area, and the solid-liquid boundary is operated smoothly as the processing proceeds; since the solid electrolyte area is difficult to electrolytically process, localized electrolytic processing is achieved; at the same time, stray corrosion in the unprocessed area is well suppressed;

[0012] Step S4: When the processing is completed, the computer sends a command to the control cabinet to stop working, remove the processed sample, and complete the localized electrolytic processing under freezing.

[0013] A processing device based on the regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing method of ice layer constraint and laser induction comprises an integrated cathode, an integrated cathode motion module, a laser irradiation module and a refrigeration module; the refrigeration module is used to cool the electrolyte; the integrated cathode comprises a transparent cathode head, an insulating left cathode rod and an insulating right cathode rod; the two sides of the transparent cathode head are respectively arranged on the insulating left cathode rod and the insulating right cathode rod, and the insulating left cathode rod and the insulating right cathode rod are respectively provided with a reflux groove and a liquid inlet groove, and the electrolyte enters through the liquid inlet and flows out to the surface of the processed sample and then flows out through the outlet; the integrated cathode can be driven by the integrated cathode motion module to adjust its position in two directions along the X-axis and the Y-axis; the laser irradiation module comprises a laser, a reflector, a galvanometer and a lens; the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the reflector and then through the galvanometer and the lens to irradiate the processing area of ​​the processed sample.

[0014] In the above solution, the refrigeration module includes a condenser and a compressor, and the condenser is placed in the working chamber and below the processing material.

[0015] In the above scheme, the integrated cathode motion module includes a right movable side wall, a right servo motor, a lead screw, a slider, a Y-axis lifting platform, a left movable side wall, a base, a left servo motor, a turbine and a worm; the left movable side wall and the right movable side wall are driven upward or downward by the worm and the Y-axis lifting platform respectively; the left servo motor drives the turbine to drive the worm upward or downward, and the right servo motor drives the lead screw to drive the slider to move along the X-axis, thereby driving the integrated cathode to move along the X-axis.

[0016] In the above scheme, the left movable side wall and the right movable side wall are arranged in the grooves provided in the base; and sealing rings are arranged at the connection between the left movable side wall and the right movable side wall and the grooves.

[0017] In the above scheme, the liquid inlet is arranged on the lower side of the tail of the insulating right cathode rod, the outlet is arranged at the tail of the insulating left cathode rod, and the jet port and the reflux port are arranged on the transparent cathode head at a certain angle; the jet port is connected to the outlet end of the liquid inlet tank, and the reflux port is connected to the inlet end of the reflux tank.

[0018] In the above scheme, the inlet end of the liquid inlet tank is communicated with the liquid inlet, the liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe passes the electrolyte in the liquid inlet box into the liquid inlet; the outlet end of the reflux tank is communicated with the outlet, the outlet is communicated with the reflux pipe, and the reflux pipe passes the electrolyte in the working chamber into the waste liquid tank; the liquid outlet on the left movable side wall is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe passes the used electrolyte into the waste liquid tank.

[0019] In the above solution, the transparent cathode head is made of ITO glass.

[0020] In the above scheme, the gap between the processing sample and the bottom of the integrated cathode is the working chamber; during the laser composite electrolytic processing, the working chamber is filled with electrolyte; the processed area is quickly frozen, and the transparent cathode head, the insulated left cathode rod, the insulated right cathode rod and the solid-liquid boundary are all the outer walls of the working chamber.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The method of the present invention is to first freeze the workpiece under cold conditions, and then enhance the energy density of the processing area through the synergistic coupling of laser irradiation and electrochemical dissolution, so that the surface ice of the processing area melts, and the non-processing area continues to be frozen, thereby achieving the purpose of localized electrolytic processing without stray corrosion. At the same time, by designing the electrolyte transport circuit inside the integrated ITO cathode, the low-temperature electrolyte is injected tangentially into the processing surface, forming a stable jet on the processing surface, which is conducive to taking away electrolytic products such as bubbles, and at the same time replenishing the electrolyte vaporized by the laser in the processing area. The device is provided with an integrated cathode designed by the electrolyte depth adjustment device and combined with a CNC platform. The integrated cathode can perform reciprocating vibration processing, and then through the coordinated setting of the cathode and the laser, it is ensured that the laser thermal effect and the electrochemical anode dissolution in the material surface processing area are stably coordinated; thereby, the obtained processing surface has strong localization, good surface quality, high processing efficiency, and low thermal damage.

[0023] 2. Compared with the traditional electrolytic machining mode, the cold state can reduce the conductivity and reduce the stray corrosion in the non-machining area, thereby improving the machining quality; at the same time, the addition of laser can melt the electrolyte in the machining area from solid to liquid, thereby improving the conductivity of the machining area, and then realizing efficient electrochemical anode dissolution at the location where the conductivity is locally enhanced, achieving the purpose of localized electrolytic machining without stray corrosion.

[0024] 3. Compared with the traditional electrolyte stirring flow mode under static state of anode and cathode, the integrated cathode head designed by this method realizes the following advantages through the dynamic action of directional injection of electrolyte fluid: first, the tangential jet can effectively remove bubbles and electrolysis by-products in the processing area; second, the uniform electric field distribution established based on fluid mechanics characteristics ensures the dynamic balance between the laser induced area and the electrochemical dissolution process; more importantly, this technology breaks through the processing defects of local over-etching or under-etching of the processing surface caused by uneven current density distribution in the traditional electrolyte stirring method, thereby obtaining a high-quality processing surface.

[0025] 4. The liquid level control module and the integrated cathode motion module designed in the present invention can be specifically set according to processing requirements to realize personalized settings of parameters such as ice layer thickness, laser defocus, and inter-electrode distance between the two electrodes; the composite control system can optimize the laser-electrochemical energy coupling efficiency and maintain the stability of the microenvironment in the processing area through intelligent matching of process parameters, thereby achieving controllable processing of ultra-precision complex surfaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the device based on ice layer confinement and laser-induced regional selective electrochemical co-processing;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of laser localized induced electrochemical machining process under freezing;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of laser-induced electrochemical processing under freezing.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 1-left movable side wall; 2-first one-way valve; 3-liquid outlet; 4-reflux pipe; 5-specimen support seat; 6-anode pressing sheet; 7-hexagon socket bolt; 8-flow outlet; 9-insulated left cathode rod; 10-reflux groove; 11-processed specimen; 12-working chamber; 13-transparent cathode head; 14-reflector; 15-galvanometer; 16-lens; 17-right insulated cathode rod; 18-laser beam; 19-beam expander; 20-right movable side wall; 21-X-axis sealing ring; 22-connecting rod block; 23-laser; 24-connecting rod; 25-first support seat; 26-slider; 27-screw; 28-second support seat; 29-coupling; 30-pulse power supply; 31-right servo motor; 32-control cabinet; 33 -computer; 34-Y-axis lifting platform; 35-liquid inlet; 36-liquid inlet pipe; 37-centrifugal pump; 38-liquid inlet tank; 39-first filter; 40-first pressure gauge; 41-second one-way valve; 42-Y-axis sealing ring; 43-base; 44-liquid inlet tank; 45-jet port; 46-reflux port; 47-condenser; 48-waste liquid tank; 49-second filter; 50-second pressure gauge; 51-third one-way valve; 52-turbine; 53-left servo motor; 54-sealing ring; 55-liquid outlet pipe; 56-valve; 57-worm; 58-liquid electrolyte; 59-solid electrolyte; 60-processing contour; 61-solid-liquid boundary; 62-laser scanning path; 63-processing area; 64-processing product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, the device for regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing based on ice layer constraint and laser induction includes a computer 33, a control cabinet 32, a Y-axis lifting platform 34, a right servo motor 31 and a left servo motor 53; the computer 33 is connected to the control cabinet 32, and the control cabinet 32 ​​is connected to the right servo motor 31, the left servo motor 53, the Y-axis lifting platform 34 and the laser 23; the computer 33 controls the movement of the right servo motor 31, the left servo motor 53, the Y-axis lifting platform 34 and the laser 23 through the control cabinet 32; wherein, the output end of the right servo motor 31 is connected to the lead screw 27 through a coupling 29, and the two ends of the lead screw 27 are supported by a first support seat 25 and a second support seat 28 respectively, and the lead screw 27 is used to drive a slider 26 arranged on the upper side; one end of the connecting rod 24 is hinged on the slider 26, and the other end of the connecting rod 24 is connected to the connecting rod block 22 through a hexagon socket bolt, so as to drive the integrated cathode to move along the X-axis direction. The Y-axis lifting platform 34 drives the integrated cathode to move along the Y-axis direction through the command of the control cabinet 32. The output end of the left servo motor 53 drives the worm 57 to drive the left movable side wall to move along the Y-axis direction through the connection with the turbine 52, so as to adjust the liquid level; the control cabinet 32 ​​adjusts each motion device to control the defocus amount of the laser irradiated on the processing surface during processing.

[0035] Combined with Figure 1As shown, the integrated cathode includes a transparent cathode head 13, an insulating left cathode rod 9 and an insulating right cathode rod 17; the jet port 45, the reflux port 46, the liquid inlet tank 44, the reflux tank 10, the liquid inlet port 35 and the outlet port 8 are all designed on the integrated cathode; one end of the liquid inlet pipe 36 is connected to the liquid inlet box 38, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet port 35. Along the liquid inlet direction of the electrolyte, the centrifugal pump 37, the first pressure gauge 40, the first filter 39 and the first filter 40 are sequentially arranged on the inlet pipe 36. Two one-way valves 41; one end of the reflux pipe 4 is connected to the reflux port 4, and along the reflux direction of the electrolyte, the electrolyte flows into the liquid outlet pipe 55 through the first one-way valve 2 in the reflux pipe 4; one end of the liquid outlet pipe 55 is connected to the liquid outlet 3, and the other end is connected to the waste liquid tank 48. In the outflow direction of the electrolyte, the third one-way valve 51, the second pressure gauge 50 and the second filter 49 are sequentially arranged on the liquid outlet pipe 55; wherein the outlet ends of the first one-way valve 2 and the third one-way valve 51 are connected to the valve 56.

[0036] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, the working chamber 12 is slotted above the base 43, and a blind hole is opened in the slot; wherein the blind hole is connected to the anode pressing sheet 6 by the hexagon socket bolt 7 to fix the anode pressing sheet 6 on the specimen support seat 5; the anode pressing sheet 6 is provided with a countersunk hole and a through slot, the anode pressing sheet 6 is placed on the upper surface of the anode, and the processed sample 11 is guided and positioned by the hexagon socket bolt 7, and the through slot is used to expose the electrolytic processing area of ​​the processed sample 11. The processed sample 11 is suspended on the condenser 47, and the condenser 47 is fixed on the base 43; the processed sample 11 is fixed in the working chamber 12 by the anode pressing sheet 6, connected to the positive pole of the pulse power supply 30, and the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the pulse power supply 30.

[0037] Among them, the transparent cathode head 13 is made of ITO glass, the insulating left cathode shaft 12 and the insulating right cathode shaft 17 are made of 304 stainless steel and covered with an insulating layer on the outside. The purpose of setting the insulating left cathode shaft and the insulating right cathode shaft to be insulated is to achieve local electrification and precise local electrochemical processing; the insulating left cathode shaft 12 is provided with a liquid inlet 35 on the lower side of the tail, a blind hole is provided at the rear and is connected to the connecting rod block 22 through a hexagon socket bolt, and a liquid inlet groove 44 is provided inside; the insulating right cathode shaft 17 is provided with an outlet 8 at the tail, and a reflux groove 10 is provided inside; the transparent cathode head 13 is provided with a jet port 45 and a reflux port 46 at the bottom; the liquid inlet 35 is connected to the liquid inlet groove 44, and the liquid inlet groove 44 is connected to the jet port 4 5; the outlet 8 is connected to the reflux groove 10, and the reflux groove 10 is connected to the reflux port 46; the electrolyte enters from the liquid inlet 35 through the liquid inlet pipe 36; the jet port 45 is located below the integrated cathode head 13, at the rear end of the working chamber 12, and the electrolyte is injected into the working chamber 12 at the jet port 45 in a tangential direction to the processing surface of the processing material; the liquid outlet 3 is located on the left movable side wall. In the preparation stage, the valve 56 is closed, the electrolyte is injected into the working chamber 12, and after passing through the processing surface, it enters the liquid outlet pipe 49 through the liquid outlet 3; the reflux port 46 is located below the integrated cathode head 13, at the front end of the working chamber 12. In the processing stage, the valve 56 is opened, the electrolyte is injected into the working chamber 12, and after passing through the processing surface, it enters the reflux pipe 4 through the reflux port 46.

[0038] Combined with Figure 2 The processing surface of the processing specimen 11 is first wrapped by the liquid electrolyte 58, and then cooled by the condenser 47 until the electrolyte solidifies; the processing area is scanned by the laser beam 18, and the electrolyte in the scanned area is converted from solid to liquid or gas, and the electrolyte is supplemented by the transparent cathode head 13. The melted area forms electrochemical processing conditions and becomes the processing area 63; as the laser scanning path 62 proceeds, the scanned area is frozen after the electrochemical test, achieving a dynamic balance between the melted area and the solidified area, and the solid-liquid boundary 61 achieves smooth movement as the processing proceeds.

[0039] Combined with Figure 3 The laser beam 18 irradiates an electrolytic channel under the transparent cathode head 13 to form a dynamic processing area 63.

[0040] The jet of the integrated cathode of the present invention is ejected tangentially from the jet port, which is beneficial to taking away electrolysis products such as bubbles and making the current on the processed surface uniform.

[0041] Combined with Figure 1, the laser beam 18 is located below the processing sample 11, and the laser beam 18 emitted by the laser 23 passes through the beam expander 19, is reflected by the reflector 14 set at 45 degrees, and then irradiates the frozen area to be processed of the processing sample 11 through the galvanometer 15 and the lens 16. The laser 23 can use either a conventional nanosecond pulse laser or a picosecond / femtosecond ultrashort pulse laser. The use of ultrashort pulse lasers helps to concentrate the temperature field in the material, further strengthens the localization of the electrolytic processing on the surface of the material, and improves the processing quality.

[0042] Specifically, the method for realizing regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing based on ice layer confinement and laser induction is as follows:

[0043] Step S1: The processing surface of the processing specimen 11 is placed on one side of the integrated cathode and clamped in the working chamber 12 through the anode pressing sheet 6; the left movable side wall 1 is adjusted to control the liquid level through the control cabinet 32 ​​to the left servo motor 53, and at the same time, the spatial position of the integrated cathode head 13 is adjusted through the right servo motor 31 and the Y-axis lifting platform 34. According to the instructions of the computer 33, the control cabinet 32 ​​adjusts the laser 23 to the initial processing position, so that the surface to be processed of the processing specimen 11 is below the integrated cathode head 13, and the left side The height of the liquid outlet 3 is higher than the lower surface of the integrated cathode head 13; the processed specimen 11 is connected to the positive electrode of the pulse power supply 30, and the integrated cathode is connected to the negative electrode of the pulse power supply 30; the temperature of the refrigeration module is set by the computer 33; the valve 56 is closed, and the power of the centrifugal pump 37 is turned on, so that the electrolyte flows from the liquid inlet box 38 through the liquid inlet tank 44 into the working chamber 12; when the height of the electrolyte reaches the expected height, the centrifugal pump 37 is turned off, and the refrigeration module switch is turned on to cool the electrolyte until the electrolyte condenses into ice and wraps around the surface of the processed specimen;

[0044] Step S2: The scanning parameters of the laser 23 and the electrical parameters of the electrolytic machining are set by the instructions issued by the computer 33; the pulse power supply 30, the valve 56 and the centrifugal pump 37 are turned on to replenish the electrolyte lost by the irradiation of the laser beam 18; the laser beam 18 can be irradiated on the surface to be processed through the transparent cathode head 13; the laser beam 18 emitted by the laser 23 passes through the reflector 14 and then the galvanometer 15 and the lens 16 to irradiate the processing area 63 of the processing sample 11, and a local transient high temperature area is formed at the specified position of the processing sample 11, and the ice layer in the scanned area is melted, thereby enhancing the conductive performance locally, and starting the laser enhanced local electrolytic machining;

[0045] Step S3: As the laser scans, the ice layer in the irradiated area melts and vaporizes under the influence of its heat, and the transparent cathode head 13 replenishes the electrolyte in the area to form a processing area 63, and the material in the melted area and the integrated cathode head 13 are electrolytically processed at the same time; after the laser scanning path 62 passes, the area will be frozen, and a layer of solid electrolyte 59 will be formed on its surface again, and the electrolytic processing of the area will be terminated; after the electrochemical test is completed, the scanned area is frozen to achieve a dynamic balance between the melted area and the solidified area, and the solid-liquid boundary 61 is stable as the processing proceeds; the solid electrolyte 59 area is difficult to be electrolytically processed, thereby realizing localized electrolytic processing; at the same time, stray corrosion in the unprocessed area is well suppressed;

[0046] Step S4: When the processing is completed, the computer sends a command to the control cabinet to stop working, remove the processed sample, and complete the localized electrolytic processing under freezing.

[0047] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and intent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing method based on ice layer confinement and laser induction, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: constructing a solid ice layer on the surface of a processing sample (11) by using a refrigeration module, heating the processing sample (11) through a transparent cathode head (13) in an integrated cathode by using a laser irradiation module, so that the ice layer in the processing area undergoes a phase change and melts to form a microchannel; subsequently, under the action of a pulsed electric field, the electrolyte is directionally transported to the processing area of ​​the processing sample (11) through the internal flow channel of the integrated cathode, triggering localized electrochemical processing, while the non-processing area maintains solid-state constraints under the action of continuous refrigeration; and achieving real-time balance control of the solid-liquid interface (61) by dynamically adjusting the laser energy and cooling intensity.

2. The method of regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing based on ice layer confinement and laser induction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step S1: placing the processing surface of the processing sample (11) under the integrated cathode and clamping it in the working chamber (12) through the anode pressing sheet (6); the integrated cathode is connected to the negative electrode of the pulse power supply (30) through a wire, and the processing sample (11) is connected to the positive electrode of the pulse power supply (30) through a wire, and the temperature of the refrigeration module is set through the computer (33) so that the electrolyte condenses into ice and wraps around the surface of the processing sample (11); Step S2: The scanning parameters of the laser (23) and the electrical parameters of the electrolytic processing are set by means of instructions issued by the computer (33), the pulse power supply (30) is turned on, and the electrolyte lost by the irradiation of the laser beam (18) is replenished; the laser beam (18) is irradiated on the processing area (63) on the surface of the processing sample (11) through the transparent cathode head (13); a local transient high temperature area is formed at the processing area (63) so that the ice layer in the scanned area melts, thereby locally enhancing the conductive performance, and laser-enhanced local electrolytic processing begins; Step S3: As the laser scans, the ice layer in the laser irradiation area melts and vaporizes, and the laser irradiation area is supplemented with electrolyte to form a processing area (63). At the same time, the material in the melted area and the transparent cathode head (13) are electrolytically processed; after the laser scanning path (62) passes, the processed area will be frozen, and a layer of solid electrolyte (59) will be formed on its surface again, and the electrolytic processing will be terminated; after the scanned area is subjected to the electrochemical test, it is frozen to achieve a dynamic balance between the melted area and the solidified area, and the solid-liquid boundary (61) is operated smoothly as the processing proceeds; since the solid electrolyte (59) area is difficult to be electrolytically processed, localized electrolytic processing is achieved; at the same time, stray corrosion in the unprocessed area is well suppressed; Step S4: When the processing is completed, the computer (33) sends a command to the control cabinet to stop working, remove the processed sample (11), and complete the localized electrolytic processing under freezing.

3. A processing device for implementing the regional selective electrochemical collaborative processing method based on ice layer confinement and laser induction as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The invention comprises an integrated cathode, an integrated cathode motion module, a laser irradiation module and a refrigeration module; the refrigeration module is used to cool the electrolyte; the integrated cathode comprises a transparent cathode head (13), an insulating left cathode shaft (9) and an insulating right cathode shaft (17); the two sides of the transparent cathode head (13) are respectively arranged on the insulating left cathode shaft (9) and the insulating right cathode shaft (17); the insulating left cathode shaft (9) and the insulating right cathode shaft (17) are respectively provided with a reflux groove (10) and a liquid inlet groove (44); the electrolyte flows through the inlet groove The liquid enters through the liquid port (35) and flows out to the surface of the processing sample (11) and then flows out through the outlet (8); the integrated cathode can be driven by the integrated cathode motion module to adjust its position along the X-axis and Y-axis directions; the laser irradiation module includes a laser (23), a reflector (14), a galvanometer (15) and a lens (16); the laser beam (18) emitted by the laser (23) passes through the reflector (14) and then through the galvanometer (15) and the lens (16) to irradiate the processing area (63) of the processing sample (11).

4. The processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The refrigeration module comprises a condenser (47) and a compressor, wherein the condenser (47) is placed in the working chamber (12) and below the processed material (11).

5. The processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The integrated cathode motion module comprises a right movable side wall (20), a right servo motor (31), a lead screw (27), a slider (26), a Y-axis lifting platform (34), a left movable side wall (1), a base (43), a left servo motor (31), a turbine (52) and a worm (57); the left movable side wall (1) and the right movable side wall (20) are driven to move upward or downward by the worm (57) and the Y-axis lifting platform (34) respectively; the left servo motor (31) drives the turbine (52) to drive the worm (57) to move upward or downward, and the right servo motor (31) drives the lead screw (27) to drive the slider (26) to move along the X-axis, thereby driving the integrated cathode to move along the X-axis.

6. The processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The left movable side wall (1) and the right movable side wall (20) are arranged in a groove opened in the base (43); and a sealing ring (54) is arranged at the connection between the left movable side wall (1) and the right movable side wall (20) and the groove.

7. The processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid inlet (35) is arranged at the lower side of the tail of the insulating right cathode rod (17), the outlet (8) is arranged at the tail of the insulating left cathode rod (9), and the jet port (45) and the reflux port (46) are arranged at a certain angle on the transparent cathode head (13); the jet port (45) is connected to the outlet end of the liquid inlet groove (44), and the reflux port (46) is connected to the inlet end of the reflux groove (10).

8. The processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inlet end of the liquid inlet groove (44) is communicated with the liquid inlet port (35), the liquid inlet port (35) is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe (36), and the liquid inlet pipe (36) passes the electrolyte in the liquid inlet box (38) into the liquid inlet port (35); the outlet end of the reflux groove (10) is communicated with the outlet port (8), the outlet port (8) is communicated with the reflux pipe (4), and the reflux pipe (4) passes the electrolyte in the working chamber (12) into the waste liquid box (48); the liquid outlet port (3) on the left movable side wall (1) is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe (55), and the outlet pipe (55) passes the used electrolyte into the waste liquid box (48).

9. The processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transparent cathode head (13) is made of ITO glass.

10. The processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gap between the processing sample (11) and the bottom of the integrated cathode (13) is the working chamber (12); during the laser composite electrolytic processing, the working chamber (12) is filled with electrolyte; the processing completed area is quickly frozen, and the transparent cathode head (13), the insulating left cathode rod (9), the insulating right cathode rod (17) and the solid-liquid boundary (61) are all the outer walls of the working chamber (12).

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