Switching type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell automobile

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell automobile switch type energy management strategy which comprises the steps that operation parameters such as the speed, the accelerated speed, the instantaneous load power, the hydrogen storage amount and the battery electric quantity of an automobile are collected in real time through a sensor system, data are transmitted to an energy management system, and according to the instantaneous load requirement of the automobile, the energy management system is started. Dynamically adjusting the energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell, the super capacitor and the lithium battery; under the low-load working condition, the lithium battery is preferentially used for providing power, and the use frequency of the fuel battery is reduced; in a medium load, the fuel cell and the lithium battery work cooperatively; under a high-load or acceleration working condition, the fuel cell system performs full-power output, and meanwhile, the super capacitor provides instantaneous high-power output, so that the high-power requirement is met; by flexibly switching the energy modules, the use efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, the hydrogen consumption is reduced, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged, and the dynamic response capability and the cruising ability of the vehicle are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy management of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Background Art

[0002] As the global energy crisis and environmental problems intensify, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have become one of the important directions for the development of new energy vehicles due to their high efficiency and cleanliness. However, existing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have some problems in energy management. Traditional energy management strategies are often unable to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual load requirements of the vehicle, resulting in unreasonable energy distribution, reduced fuel cell utilization efficiency, excessive hydrogen consumption, and insufficient endurance. In addition, the existing energy management system does not respond in a timely manner when dealing with the vehicle's instantaneous power requirements, resulting in insufficient power output or excessive reliance on the fuel cell system, thereby shortening the service life of the fuel cell.

[0003] Based on this, a switching energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: a switch-type energy management strategy for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising:

[0005] The sensor system installed on the vehicle collects vehicle operating parameters in real time, including vehicle speed v, acceleration a, instantaneous load power P load 、Hydrogen storage Q H2 and battery level E bat , data is transmitted to the energy management system EMS;

[0006] The energy management system EMS dynamically adjusts the energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell system, supercapacitor and battery module according to the monitored vehicle operating status, and adopts the following strategy power allocation:

[0007] (1) When the vehicle is in a low load condition, that is, the vehicle instantaneous load power P load <P th When the battery module P is used first bat Provides power, and the fuel cell output power P fc ≈0, supercapacitor P su =0, reduce the frequency of using fuel cells to save hydrogen consumption;

[0008] (2) When the vehicle is in medium load condition, that is, P th ≤P load ≤P hi When the fuel cell and the battery module work together to provide power, the fuel cell automatically adjusts the power output according to the load demand. Its output power is given by the formula: P fc=P load -P bat Decide;

[0009] (3) When the vehicle is in a high load condition, that is, the vehicle instantaneous load power P load ≥P hi When the fuel cell system runs at full power P fc =P fcmax , while the supercapacitor P su Provide instantaneous high power output to supplement the instantaneous demand of insufficient response of fuel cells;

[0010] The hydrogen fuel cell system is responsible for providing the main power output at medium and high loads. The output power of the fuel cell is P fc The energy management system is dynamically adjusted according to the vehicle's real-time load demand, and its output follows: Among them, η fc For the efficiency of the fuel cell, is the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell;

[0011] Supercapacitor module, used to provide fast power response, is mainly used in vehicle acceleration or high power demand situations. pe Provides fast response power when it occurs, the formula is:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, C su is the capacitance of the supercapacitor, dV su is the voltage change rate of the supercapacitor;

[0014] The lithium battery module is used to provide auxiliary energy under low-load conditions. Under low power demand conditions, the battery module provides the main power and works in conjunction with the fuel cell. When the system is in energy recovery mode, the battery can store excess energy from brake energy recovery or the fuel cell.

[0015] Further preferably, the energy management system includes: a central control unit for real-time collection of vehicle operating status data, the central control unit having a communication function with a sensor system, receiving data by wireless or wired transmission, and an optimization algorithm module based on operating condition data, which compares the vehicle real-time load P load With the preset threshold P th To determine the energy distribution mode, and perform self-learning adjustments based on the vehicle's historical operation data.

[0016] Further preferably, the power output regulation of the fuel cell system is achieved through a closed-loop control system, and the closed-loop control system includes: a negative feedback signal regulator for adjusting the power output of the fuel cell system according to the real-time vehicle load Pload With the target power output P se The difference between the output power P of the hydrogen fuel cell is dynamically adjusted. fc , the closed-loop control adjustment formula is: P fc =P se +k(P load -P se );

[0017] Where k is the gain coefficient of the control system, which is used to balance the power output between the actual load and the target load.

[0018] Further preferably, the supercapacitor module includes a voltage monitoring unit for instantaneous high power output, and the voltage monitoring unit monitors the voltage change V of the supercapacitor in real time. su Determine the charge and discharge status of the supercapacitor;

[0019] The supercapacitor discharges quickly when the vehicle accelerates, providing additional power to meet the acceleration requirements of the vehicle. Its charge and discharge time constant τ=R su ×C su is optimized to ensure efficient release of energy in a short time.

[0020] Further preferably, the charging and discharging control strategy of the lithium battery module includes: the discharge of the battery is controlled by the energy management system according to the low load demand of the vehicle, and when the vehicle power demand P load Less than the preset threshold P th When the battery is used for power output, it will be used as the priority.

[0021] The battery charging is controlled by the brake energy recovery system. When the vehicle is in a deceleration or braking state, the battery recovers kinetic energy through the regenerative braking system and stores it as electrical energy;

[0022] The battery status monitoring includes the battery charge E batt , voltage V batt and the charge and discharge rate I batt , the energy management system monitors the battery to always operate within a safe voltage range.

[0023] Further preferably, the system switches between different modes according to changes in working conditions, including:

[0024] Energy-saving mode: Under low-load conditions, the energy management system will prioritize the vehicle's power demand to the lithium battery, and the hydrogen fuel cell system will enter a low-power or standby state;

[0025] Standard mode: Under medium load conditions, the fuel cell and lithium battery work together to provide energy output according to load requirements;

[0026] High-performance mode: Under high load or rapid acceleration conditions, the fuel cell outputs full power, the supercapacitor provides instantaneous high power, and the lithium battery assists the fuel cell to meet instantaneous peak power requirements.

[0027] Further preferably, the supercapacitor charge and discharge management system includes a detection module based on the vehicle acceleration a, which detects the acceleration changes of the vehicle in real time. When the acceleration a exceeds a preset threshold, the energy management system triggers the supercapacitor to discharge quickly and provide instantaneous power support; when the vehicle decelerates or brakes, the supercapacitor stores the braking energy through the energy recovery module and releases it during the next acceleration.

[0028] Further preferably, the energy management system has a dynamic adjustment function based on environmental factors, wherein the environmental factors include the external temperature T am 、Humidity am and atmospheric pressure P am When changes in external environmental parameters are detected, the energy management system adjusts the operating temperature, air flow and operating status of the fuel cell system to ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell can operate stably and efficiently under different environmental conditions.

[0029] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention flexibly distributes energy under low-load, medium-load and high-load conditions according to the instantaneous load demand of the vehicle. By dynamically switching the energy supply between the fuel cell, lithium battery and supercapacitor, it ensures that the vehicle can achieve optimal energy utilization under different working conditions, avoids the fuel cell from working when it is not necessary, thereby reducing hydrogen consumption and improving fuel efficiency.

[0031] 2. The present invention quickly responds to the instantaneous high power demand of the vehicle, reduces the instantaneous load pressure of the fuel cell through the instantaneous high power output of the supercapacitor, and improves the power response speed. It not only enhances the driving performance of the vehicle under complex working conditions, but also extends the service life of the fuel cell and improves the vehicle's endurance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in this embodiment includes:

[0038] The sensor system installed on the vehicle collects vehicle operating parameters in real time, including vehicle speed v, acceleration a, instantaneous load power P load 、Hydrogen storage Q H2 and battery level E bat , data is transmitted to the energy management system EMS;

[0039] The energy management system EMS dynamically adjusts the energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell system, supercapacitor and battery module according to the monitored vehicle operating status, and adopts the following strategy power allocation:

[0040] (1) When the vehicle is in a low load condition, that is, the vehicle instantaneous load power P load <P th When the battery module P is used first bat Provides power, and the fuel cell output power P fc ≈0, supercapacitor P su =0, reduce the frequency of using fuel cells to save hydrogen consumption;

[0041] (2) When the vehicle is in medium load condition, that is, P th ≤P load ≤P hi When the fuel cell and the battery module work together to provide power, the fuel cell automatically adjusts the power output according to the load demand. Its output power is given by the formula: P fc =P load -P bat Decide;

[0042] (3) When the vehicle is in a high load condition, that is, the vehicle instantaneous load power P load ≥P hi When the fuel cell system runs at full power P fc =Pfcmax , while the supercapacitor P su Provide instantaneous high power output to supplement the instantaneous demand of insufficient response of fuel cells;

[0043] The hydrogen fuel cell system is responsible for providing the main power output at medium and high loads. The output power of the fuel cell is P fc The energy management system is dynamically adjusted according to the vehicle's real-time load demand, and its output follows: Among them, η fc For the efficiency of the fuel cell, is the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell;

[0044] Supercapacitor module, used to provide fast power response, is mainly used in vehicle acceleration or high power demand situations. pe Provides fast response power when it occurs, the formula is:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, C su is the capacitance of the supercapacitor, dV su is the voltage change rate of the supercapacitor;

[0047] The lithium battery module is used to provide auxiliary energy under low-load conditions. Under low-power demand conditions, the battery module provides the main power and works in conjunction with the fuel cell. When the system is in energy recovery mode, the battery can store excess energy from brake energy recovery or fuel cells.

[0048] By monitoring the instantaneous power demand of the vehicle, different energy modules are selected to achieve an optimized energy distribution effect. Under low-load conditions, the battery module is used first to provide power, thereby reducing the frequency of use of the fuel cell and hydrogen consumption; under medium-load conditions, the fuel cell and the battery work together to optimize energy output through synergy; under high-load conditions, the fuel cell system runs at full power, and the supercapacitor provides instantaneous high-power response to supplement the deficiency of the fuel cell. Through such a power management mechanism, the vehicle can achieve optimal energy distribution under different working conditions, significantly improve fuel efficiency, extend the life of the fuel cell, and ensure sufficient power when there is an instantaneous high power demand (acceleration or climbing).

[0049] The energy management system includes: a central control unit for real-time collection of vehicle operating status data, which has the function of communicating with the sensor system, receiving data through wireless or wired transmission, and an optimization algorithm module based on the operating condition data, which compares the vehicle's real-time load P load With the preset threshold P thTo determine the energy distribution mode, and perform self-learning adjustment in combination with the vehicle's historical operation data. The central control unit is responsible for communicating with the sensor system to obtain the vehicle's operating status data in real time, while the optimization algorithm module analyzes and learns based on the data and the vehicle's historical operation data to dynamically adjust the energy distribution mode. Its function is to select the most suitable energy source under different load requirements by comparing the current load with the preset threshold, thereby achieving adaptive adjustment of energy management. Through the self-learning function, the vehicle can continuously optimize its energy utilization efficiency during long-term operation to adapt to the driver's driving habits and driving needs in different environments.

[0050] The power output regulation of the fuel cell system is achieved through a closed-loop control system, which includes: a negative feedback signal regulator for adjusting the power output of the fuel cell system according to the real-time vehicle load P load With the target power output P se The difference between the output power P of the hydrogen fuel cell is dynamically adjusted. fc , the closed-loop control adjustment formula is: P fc =P se +k(P load -P se );

[0051] Where k is the gain coefficient of the control system, which is used to balance the power output between the actual load and the target load;

[0052] The closed-loop control system uses a negative feedback signal regulator to dynamically adjust the output power of the fuel cell according to the difference between the vehicle's real-time load and the target power. Its function is to monitor and adjust the output of the fuel cell in real time so that it operates at the optimal efficiency point. Through dynamic adjustment, it can effectively reduce power output fluctuations and errors, avoid excessive work or energy waste of the fuel cell, thereby improving the overall efficiency and stability of the fuel cell, while also ensuring that the vehicle's power needs under different operating conditions can be responded to quickly.

[0053] The supercapacitor module includes a voltage monitoring unit for instantaneous high power output. The voltage monitoring unit monitors the voltage change V of the supercapacitor in real time. su Determine the charge and discharge state of the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor discharges quickly when the vehicle accelerates, providing additional power to meet the acceleration requirements of the vehicle. Its charge and discharge time constant τ=R su ×C su Optimized to ensure efficient release of energy in a short time;

[0054] The voltage monitoring unit monitors the voltage changes of the supercapacitor in real time to ensure that it can discharge quickly when the vehicle accelerates or urgently needs high power output, and charge in time when the vehicle decelerates or brakes. Its function is to optimize the charging and discharging time constant of the supercapacitor, ensuring instantaneous high power output when needed, and efficient energy recovery when not needed.

[0055] The charging and discharging control strategy of the lithium battery module includes: the battery discharge is controlled by the energy management system according to the low load demand of the vehicle, and when the vehicle power demand P load Less than the preset threshold P th When the vehicle is in a deceleration or braking state, the battery recovers kinetic energy through the regenerative braking system and stores it as electrical energy. The battery status monitoring includes the battery charge E batt , voltage V batt and the charge and discharge rate I batt , the energy management system monitors the battery to always operate within a safe voltage range;

[0056] Through the charge and discharge control strategy of the lithium battery module, it is ensured that the lithium battery provides power output first under low-load conditions to avoid unnecessary power output of the fuel cell. In addition, through the brake energy recovery system, the battery can recover kinetic energy and store it as electrical energy when the vehicle decelerates or brakes. The role of this strategy is to reduce the operating frequency of the fuel cell at low loads, extend its life, and improve energy recovery efficiency through the rational use of lithium batteries. In the actual driving process, the participation of lithium batteries can not only optimize energy distribution, but also effectively recover braking energy, further improving the vehicle's fuel economy and endurance.

[0057] Switch between different modes according to the working conditions, including energy-saving mode: Under low-load conditions, the energy management system will prioritize the vehicle's power demand to the lithium battery, and the hydrogen fuel cell system will enter a low-power or standby state;

[0058] Standard mode: Under medium load conditions, the fuel cell and lithium battery work together to provide energy output according to load requirements;

[0059] High-performance mode: Under high-load or rapid acceleration conditions, the fuel cell outputs full power, the supercapacitor provides instantaneous high power, and the lithium battery assists the fuel cell to meet instantaneous peak power requirements;

[0060] Different modes are switched according to changes in vehicle load, including energy-saving mode, standard mode and high-performance mode. Its function is to flexibly adjust the collaborative working mode of fuel cells, lithium batteries and supercapacitors according to different working conditions such as low load, medium load, high load or rapid acceleration, so as to optimize energy utilization under each working condition. In energy-saving mode, the lowest hydrogen consumption is achieved by reducing the use of fuel cells; in standard mode, the fuel cell and lithium battery work together to ensure the stability of the system; in high-performance mode, the fuel cell outputs full power and provides instantaneous high power through the supercapacitor to ensure that the vehicle's power requirements in situations such as rapid acceleration are met.

[0061] In this embodiment, specifically, the supercapacitor charge and discharge management system includes a detection module based on the vehicle acceleration a, the detection module detects the acceleration change of the vehicle in real time, when the acceleration a exceeds the preset threshold, the energy management system triggers the supercapacitor to discharge quickly and provide instantaneous power support; when the vehicle decelerates or brakes, the supercapacitor stores the braking energy through the energy recovery module and releases it at the next acceleration;

[0062] By introducing a detection module based on vehicle acceleration, the charge and discharge management of the supercapacitor is further enhanced. When it is detected that the vehicle acceleration exceeds the preset threshold, the system triggers the supercapacitor to discharge quickly and provide instantaneous high-power support. Its function is that when the vehicle needs to accelerate quickly, the supercapacitor can respond quickly and provide additional instantaneous power to prevent the fuel cell from being subjected to excessive load pressure in a short period of time. At the same time, when the vehicle decelerates or brakes, the supercapacitor can recover kinetic energy and store it for the next acceleration.

[0063] In this embodiment, specifically, the energy management system has a dynamic adjustment function based on environmental factors, and the environmental factors include the external temperature T am 、Humidity am and atmospheric pressure P am When changes in external environmental parameters are detected, the energy management system adjusts the operating temperature, air flow and operating status of the fuel cell system to ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell can operate stably and efficiently under different environmental conditions.

[0064] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0065] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, characterized in that: include: The sensor system installed on the vehicle collects vehicle operating parameters in real time, including vehicle speed v, acceleration a, instantaneous load power P load 、Hydrogen storage Q H2 and battery level E bat , data is transmitted to the energy management system EMS; The energy management system EMS dynamically adjusts the energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell system, supercapacitor and battery module according to the monitored vehicle operating status, and adopts the following strategy power allocation: (1) When the vehicle is in a low load condition, that is, the vehicle instantaneous load power P load <P th When the battery module P is used first bat Provides power, and the fuel cell output power P fc ≈0, supercapacitor P su =0, reduce the frequency of using fuel cells to save hydrogen consumption; (2) When the vehicle is in medium load condition, that is, P th ≤P load ≤P hi When the fuel cell and the battery module work together to provide power, the fuel cell automatically adjusts the power output according to the load demand. Its output power is given by the formula: P fc =P load -P bat Decide; (3) When the vehicle is in a high load condition, that is, the vehicle instantaneous load power P load ≥P hi When the fuel cell system runs at full power P fc =P fcmax , while the supercapacitor P su Provide instantaneous high power output to supplement the instantaneous demand of insufficient response of fuel cells; The hydrogen fuel cell system is responsible for providing the main power output at medium and high loads. The output power of the fuel cell is P fc The energy management system is dynamically adjusted according to the vehicle's real-time load demand, and its output follows: Among them, η fc For the efficiency of the fuel cell, is the hydrogen consumption rate of the fuel cell; Supercapacitor module, used to provide fast power response, is mainly used in vehicle acceleration or high power demand situations. pe Provides fast response power when it occurs, the formula is: Among them, C su is the capacitance of the supercapacitor, dV su is the voltage change rate of the supercapacitor; The lithium battery module is used to provide auxiliary energy under low-load conditions. Under low power demand conditions, the battery module provides the main power and works in conjunction with the fuel cell. When the system is in energy recovery mode, the battery can store excess energy from brake energy recovery or the fuel cell.

2. The switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy management system comprises: A central control unit for real-time collection of vehicle operating status data, the central control unit has the function of communicating with the sensor system, receiving data through wireless or wired transmission, and an optimization algorithm module based on the operating condition data, which compares the vehicle's real-time load P load With the preset threshold P th To determine the energy distribution mode, and perform self-learning adjustments based on the vehicle's historical operation data.

3. The switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power output regulation of the fuel cell system is achieved through a closed-loop control system, and the closed-loop control system includes: Negative feedback signal regulator is used to adjust the vehicle load P according to the real-time load With the target power output P se The difference between the output power P of the hydrogen fuel cell is dynamically adjusted. fc , the closed-loop control adjustment formula is: P fc =P se +k(P load -P se ); Where k is the gain coefficient of the control system, which is used to balance the power output between the actual load and the target load.

4. The switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercapacitor module includes a voltage monitoring unit for instantaneous high power output, which monitors the voltage change V of the supercapacitor in real time. su Determine the charge and discharge status of the supercapacitor; The supercapacitor discharges quickly when the vehicle accelerates, providing additional power to meet the acceleration requirements of the vehicle. Its charge and discharge time constant τ=R su ×C su is optimized to ensure efficient release of energy in a short time.

5. The switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The charge and discharge control strategy of the lithium battery module includes: The discharge of the battery is controlled by the energy management system according to the low load demand of the vehicle. load Less than the preset threshold P th When the battery is used for power output, it will be used first; The battery charging is controlled by the brake energy recovery system. When the vehicle is in a deceleration or braking state, the battery recovers kinetic energy through the regenerative braking system and stores it as electrical energy; The battery status monitoring includes the battery charge E batt , voltage V batt and the charge and discharge rate I batt , the energy management system monitors the battery to always operate within a safe voltage range.

6. The switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system switches between different modes according to the changes in working conditions, including: Energy-saving mode: Under low-load conditions, the energy management system will prioritize the vehicle's power demand to the lithium battery, and the hydrogen fuel cell system will enter a low-power or standby state; Standard mode: Under medium load conditions, the fuel cell and lithium battery work together to provide energy output according to load requirements; High-performance mode: Under high load or rapid acceleration conditions, the fuel cell outputs full power, the supercapacitor provides instantaneous high power, and the lithium battery assists the fuel cell to meet instantaneous peak power requirements.

7. The switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercapacitor charge and discharge management system includes a detection module based on the vehicle acceleration a. The detection module detects the acceleration changes of the vehicle in real time. When the acceleration a exceeds a preset threshold, the energy management system triggers the supercapacitor to discharge quickly and provide instantaneous power support. When the vehicle decelerates or brakes, the supercapacitor stores the braking energy through the energy recovery module and releases it during the next acceleration.

8. The switch-type energy management strategy for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy management system has a dynamic adjustment function based on environmental factors, including the external temperature T am 、Humidity am and atmospheric pressure P am When changes in external environmental parameters are detected, the energy management system adjusts the operating temperature, air flow and operating status of the fuel cell system to ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell can operate stably and efficiently under different environmental conditions.

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