Substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of transformer substation comprehensive monitoring, in particular to a WAPI-based transformer substation wireless sensor network system, which comprises at least two wireless sensor nodes and a self-adaptive wireless communication unit, each wireless sensor node is added into the network by automatically acquiring network parameters; the self-adaptive wireless communication unit comprises an ad hoc network module and a spectrum management module; the ad hoc network module is provided with at least one WAPI gateway, and the networking forms comprise LORA, Bluetooth and WAPI; the frequency spectrum management module is used for dynamically adjusting the wireless communication frequency according to the environment change of the transformer substation and the signal interference condition; and each wireless sensor node is used for evaluating the quality of a communication link in real time and determining an optimal communication path, and comprises an optimal transmission protocol and an optimal WAPI gateway configured to support the optimal transmission protocol. Through automatic network configuration, adaptive spectrum management and dynamic network topology adjustment, efficient and reliable data acquisition and monitoring are realized, and the security and environmental adaptability of the network are enhanced at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of integrated monitoring of substations, and more specifically, to a substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of smart grid technology, the automation level of power systems has been significantly improved. As an important component of the power system, the importance of monitoring and control of substations has become increasingly prominent. Traditionally, the monitoring system of substations mainly relies on wired communication. Although this method can ensure high data transmission stability, its wiring cost is high and its flexibility is poor, making it difficult to adapt to the needs of modern substations for rapid response and flexible adjustment.

[0003] In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have been widely used in the field of substation monitoring due to its advantages such as low cost, easy installation and strong scalability. Through wireless sensor networks, remote monitoring of the status of various equipment in the substation and real-time collection of environmental parameters can be achieved, which is of great significance for improving the safety and efficiency of substation operation.

[0004] However, the substation is a complex electromagnetic environment with a large number of electromagnetic interference sources, such as high-voltage transmission lines, switch operations, etc. These factors seriously interfere with the normal transmission of wireless signals, resulting in many challenges for existing wireless sensor networks in substation applications. For example, the invention patent with announcement number CN103781145B discloses a design method for a multi-channel opportunistic routing protocol in a cognitive wireless sensor network. This method uses spectrum sensing technology to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference, but there is still a problem of signal instability in a strong electromagnetic interference environment. The invention patent with announcement number CN106878928B proposes a performance optimization method for a cognitive wireless sensor network based on multiple relays and multiple antennas, aiming to improve signal reception quality through spatial diversity, but the improvement of signal shielding and multipath effects in a specific environment such as a substation is limited.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the existing wireless sensor networks in substation applications, such as severe signal interference, short transmission distance, small coverage and insufficient data security, has become a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present application provides a substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI, which realizes efficient and reliable data collection and monitoring through automatic network configuration, adaptive spectrum management and dynamic network topology adjustment, while enhancing the security and environmental adaptability of the network.

[0007] The technical solutions provided by this application are as follows:

[0008] A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI, comprising at least two wireless sensor nodes and an adaptive wireless communication unit; each of the wireless sensor nodes joins the network by automatically acquiring network parameters, and constructs a network topology diagram by broadcasting to discover neighbor nodes, including the distribution of sensor nodes, communication links and data flows;

[0009] The adaptive wireless communication unit includes a self-organizing network module and a spectrum management module; the self-organizing network module is provided with at least one WAPI gateway, and the networking forms include LORA, Bluetooth and WAPI; the spectrum management module is used to dynamically adjust the wireless communication frequency according to the substation environment changes and signal interference conditions;

[0010] Each of the wireless sensor nodes is used to evaluate the quality of the communication link in real time and determine the optimal communication path, including the optimal transmission protocol and the optimal WAPI gateway configured to support the optimal transmission protocol.

[0011] One possible implementation also includes a security authentication unit, which is used to authenticate the new wireless sensor node before the new wireless sensor node joins the network to obtain authentication information; wherein the identity authentication includes pre-shared key authentication, certificate authentication or challenge response authentication.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the wireless sensor node automatically obtains network parameters and joins the network, including:

[0013] The newly added wireless sensor sends an access request to the substation wireless sensor network, wherein the access request includes authentication information and parameter information of the newly added wireless sensor;

[0014] The substation wireless sensor network responds to the access request and feeds back network parameters for the newly added wireless sensor, wherein the network parameters include a communication channel and a network ID.

[0015] In one possible implementation, after the wireless sensor node joins the network by automatically acquiring network parameters, the process further includes:

[0016] After the wireless sensor node joins the substation wireless sensor network, the existing wireless sensor node notifies the newly joined wireless sensor node of network parameters, including network ID, communication channel and node role;

[0017] Based on the network parameters, determining whether there is a channel conflict between the newly added wireless sensor node and the existing wireless sensor;

[0018] If it exists, the network parameters of the newly added wireless sensor node are adjusted through the negotiation mechanism.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the WAPI gateway has an adaptive network topology function for adjusting the network topology according to changes in the substation environment and the status of each sensor node.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the WAPI gateway is integrated with an edge computing module for preprocessing the environmental data collected by each wireless sensor node, including data cleaning, denoising, formatting and normalization; after the data preprocessing is completed, it is also used to distribute computing tasks among the edge nodes and perform substation fault prediction analysis based on the environmental data.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the wireless sensor nodes added to the substation wireless sensor network system include temperature and humidity sensors, water immersion sensors, smoke sensors, liquid level sensors, infrared temperature sensors, pile head temperature sensors, gas concentration sensors, pressure sensors, vibration sensors, partial discharge sensors, door magnetic sensors, and sound sensors.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the wireless sensor node includes a wireless sensor for sensing changes in the electromagnetic environment of the substation in real time;

[0023] The spectrum management submodule dynamically adjusts the wireless communication frequency according to the substation environment changes and signal interference conditions, including:

[0024] Monitor the electromagnetic environment and signal interference in the substation, and trigger instant spectrum scanning when changes in the electromagnetic environment or signal interference are detected; wherein the signal interference includes radio frequency interference and electromagnetic interference;

[0025] Perform frequency allocation based on spectrum scanning results and determine the frequency allocation plan;

[0026] According to the frequency allocation plan, the communication frequency and communication link between each wireless sensor are planned.

[0027] One possible implementation method further includes a background management unit and a user interaction interface;

[0028] The user interaction interface is used to define and configure event trigger conditions, including data thresholds, logical expressions, and event response actions;

[0029] The background management unit includes a condition evaluation module, a feedback module and a security module; the condition evaluation module is used to evaluate user-defined logical expressions and conditions in real time, and trigger corresponding events when the data meets the preset conditions; the feedback module is used to notify the user through interface prompts after the event is triggered and the policy is executed; the security module is used to control the permissions of the user to define and configure the event triggering conditions.

[0030] In one possible implementation manner, the communication link quality of each wireless sensor node is determined based on the received signal strength RSSI and the signal-to-noise ratio SNR of each wireless sensor node.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] Through the automatic network parameter acquisition and neighbor discovery mechanism of wireless sensor nodes, new nodes can quickly join the existing network without manual intervention, greatly improving the deployment efficiency and scalability of the network. The self-organizing network module and spectrum management module of the adaptive wireless communication unit enable the network to dynamically adjust according to environmental changes and interference conditions to ensure the stability of the communication link and the reliability of data transmission. By evaluating the quality of the communication link in real time and determining the optimal communication path, including selecting the optimal transmission protocol and configuring the optimal WAPI gateway, the data transmission efficiency is improved and the delay is reduced. Due to the self-organizing and adaptive characteristics of the network, the dependence on professionals is reduced, and the maintenance cost and complexity of the network are reduced. At the same time, the system design supports multiple communication protocols (LORA, Bluetooth and WAPI), so that the network can flexibly adapt to different application scenarios and needs, while facilitating future technology upgrades and expansions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI provided in Example 1 of the present application.

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a substation wireless sensor network system with a WAPI gateway as the core and an integrated edge computing module provided in Example 2 of the present application.

[0036] Figure 3This is a structural diagram of a substation wireless sensor network system with interactive functions provided in Example 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] See also Figure 1 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of a substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI provided in Example 1 of the present application. Figure 1 As shown in , the system integrates an adaptive wireless communication unit and multiple wireless sensor nodes, thereby realizing efficient and secure collection and transmission of data in the substation. Below, this embodiment will describe in detail the preliminary construction of the network system, especially the deployment of wireless sensor nodes, the automatic acquisition of network parameters and the construction of network topology.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown in , the above-mentioned adaptive wireless communication unit specifically includes a self-organizing network module and a spectrum management module. The self-organizing network module includes at least one Wireless LAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as WAPI) gateway, which supports multiple networking forms such as LORA, Bluetooth and WAPI to ensure the flexibility and compatibility of the network.

[0041] In wireless sensor networks, the application of WAPI technology can effectively prevent unauthorized access and data leakage, ensuring the security of data transmission. In addition, WAPI technology supports a variety of wireless communication protocols, including LORA, Bluetooth, etc., which provides flexibility for the networking of wireless sensor networks.

[0042] In other embodiments, when multiple WAPI gateways are provided in the ad hoc network module, these gateways can be responsible for managing wireless sensor nodes in different regions. In addition, the WAPI gateway also has an adaptive network topology function, which can adjust the network topology according to environmental changes and sensor node status to maintain the optimal performance of the network.

[0043] For example, for the special environment and application scenarios of substations, common dynamic wireless sensors such as temperature and humidity, smoke, and water immersion are used as the main access objects. The above WAPI gateway is designed based on multiple indicators such as signal characteristics, transmission distance, environmental conditions, power consumption conditions, data upload rate, and future scalability. The WAPI gateway supports WAPI technology for uplink and LoRa and Bluetooth technology for data collection for downlink. LoRa technology adopts the LoRaWAN standard. Bluetooth technology adopts the BLE5.0 standard. The WAPI gateway supports Modbus and 104 protocols to forward data to the digital UHV platform. A single WAPI gateway can support the access of up to 250 sensors within a radius of 1km.

[0044] The dynamic changes in the substation environment require that the wireless sensor network be able to adjust the communication strategy in real time to adapt to environmental changes and signal interference. Therefore, the present application adds a spectrum management module in the adaptive wireless communication unit. This module can monitor the electromagnetic environment and signal interference within the substation, and trigger an immediate spectrum scan when changes in the electromagnetic environment or signal interference are detected. Based on the spectrum scanning results, the module will perform frequency allocation, determine the frequency allocation plan, and plan the communication frequency and communication link between each wireless sensor node to ensure the stability and reliability of communication, and ensure that the substation wireless sensor network maintains the best communication performance in various environments.

[0045] In a specific application scenario, the changes in the electromagnetic environment and signal interference in the substation are simulated. The spectrum management module triggers an instant spectrum scan by monitoring the electromagnetic environment and signal interference. If the spectrum management module detects radio frequency interference, it immediately triggers a spectrum scan and allocates frequencies based on the scan results. This process ensures the communication reliability of the wireless sensor network in a complex electromagnetic environment. For example, before the interference occurred, the communication frequency between wireless sensor node D and wireless sensor node E was 2.4 GHz, but after the interference occurred, the system adjusted their communication frequency to 5 GHz to avoid interference.

[0046] As the data collection end of the network system, each wireless sensor node has WAPI communication capability to ensure data security and reliability. According to the actual deployment, the sensor network can cover all key areas of the substation, including the high-voltage equipment area, control room, etc. Optionally, the wireless sensor nodes include but are not limited to temperature and humidity sensors, water immersion sensors, smoke sensors, liquid level sensors, infrared temperature sensors, pile temperature sensors, gas concentration sensors, pressure sensors, vibration sensors, partial discharge sensors, door magnetic sensors, and sound sensors, which are responsible for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters in the substation.

[0047] Each wireless sensor node can automatically obtain network parameters and join the substation wireless sensor network system, wherein the obtained network parameters include communication channel and network ID.

[0048] In a specific application scenario, 10 wireless sensor nodes are deployed in the substation, including temperature and humidity sensors, water immersion sensors, etc. When these wireless sensor nodes are started, they can automatically send access requests to the network system, including the authentication information and parameter information of the above wireless sensor nodes. After receiving the above access request, the substation wireless sensor network system can allocate network parameters to each newly added wireless sensor node, including communication channels and network IDs. Through this process, each newly added wireless sensor node can join the network without manual intervention and start monitoring and transmitting data.

[0049] Furthermore, after joining the network, the wireless sensor node can discover neighbor nodes by broadcasting or monitoring neighbor nodes and build a network topology. In this process, each wireless sensor node can exchange network parameters, including network ID, communication channel and node role. Based on the above network parameters, if it is found that there is a channel conflict between the newly added wireless sensor node and the existing wireless sensor, the network parameters of the newly added wireless sensor node can be adjusted through the negotiation mechanism to ensure that the communication link is unobstructed.

[0050] After the network system is built, each wireless sensor node evaluates the quality of the communication link in real time and determines the optimal communication path. In this process, the link quality can be evaluated based on the received signal strength RSSI and signal-to-noise ratio SNR of each wireless sensor node. For example, the RSSI value between wireless sensor node A and wireless sensor node B is -60dBm, the SNR value is 25dB, and the RSSI value between wireless sensor node A and wireless sensor node C is -65dBm, and the SNR value is 20dB. Based on these data, the link between node A and node B is selected as the optimal path for data transmission.

[0051] In addition, in the substation wireless sensor network, the addition of new nodes may bring security risks. Figure 1 As shown in , the substation wireless sensor network system provided by the present application also includes a security authentication unit. Before a new wireless sensor node joins the network, the security authentication unit can authenticate the new wireless sensor node to ensure the security of the network. Among them, the above-mentioned identity authentication includes but is not limited to pre-shared key authentication, certificate authentication or challenge response authentication.

[0052] For example, in a specific application scenario, when a new temperature and humidity sensor node requests to join the network, its identity is verified through the pre-shared key. After the verification is passed, the new node is allowed to join the network and start transmitting data, thereby ensuring the security of the network and preventing unauthorized nodes from joining.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] In this embodiment, through the automatic network parameter acquisition and neighbor discovery mechanism of wireless sensor nodes, new nodes can quickly join the existing network without manual intervention, which greatly improves the deployment efficiency and scalability of the network. The self-organizing network module and spectrum management module of the adaptive wireless communication unit enable the network to dynamically adjust according to environmental changes and interference conditions, ensuring the stability of the communication link and the reliability of data transmission. By evaluating the quality of the communication link in real time and determining the optimal communication path, including selecting the optimal transmission protocol and configuring the optimal WAPI gateway, the data transmission efficiency is improved and the delay is reduced. Due to the self-organizing and adaptive characteristics of the network, the dependence on professionals is reduced, and the maintenance cost and complexity of the network are reduced. At the same time, the system design supports multiple communication protocols (LORA, Bluetooth and WAPI), so that the network can flexibly adapt to different application scenarios and needs, while facilitating future technology upgrades and expansions.

[0055] Embodiment 2

[0056] Embodiment 2 of the present application provides a substation wireless sensor network system with a WAPI gateway as the core and an integrated edge computing module.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown in , the substation wireless sensor network system includes multiple wireless sensor nodes. The wireless sensor nodes are deployed at key locations in the substation to monitor environmental parameters in real time. These wireless sensor nodes send the collected data to the WAPI gateway through WAPI technology. The data that can be transmitted include but are not limited to: data such as temperature and humidity for monitoring the internal environmental conditions of the substation, gas concentration data for detecting possible gas leaks, and electrical parameter data such as current and voltage for monitoring the operating status of the equipment.

[0058] The WAPI gateway provided in Example 2 of the present application integrates edge computing functions as a center for data aggregation and processing to preprocess and analyze data from wireless sensor nodes. For example, in a fault prediction analysis, the edge computing module preprocesses the collected environmental data, including data cleaning and denoising to remove outliers and noise, and formatting and normalization to ensure that the data format is unified for easy processing. The preprocessed data is used for substation fault prediction analysis. The edge computing module uses machine learning algorithms, such as random forests or neural networks, to analyze the data to identify patterns and trends that may lead to failures. At the same time, the prediction results can be sent to the cloud platform or control center through the WAPI gateway, and the operation and maintenance personnel can take preventive measures based on the prediction results, such as advance maintenance or emergency response, to avoid or mitigate the impact of the failure.

[0059] In a specific application scenario, after preprocessing, the edge computing module distributes computing tasks among the edge nodes, extracts features useful for fault prediction from the raw data, and performs substation fault prediction analysis based on environmental data. For example, through the analysis of temperature and humidity data, the system predicts that a transformer may be at risk of overheating, and promptly notifies the operation and maintenance personnel to conduct inspections, thus avoiding potential failures.

[0060] In Example 2 of this application, by integrating the edge computing module in the WAPI gateway, the substation can achieve real-time monitoring of environmental data and fault prediction. This method not only improves the accuracy of fault prediction, but also reduces the delay of data transmission and enhances the responsiveness of the system. The example shows that the system can effectively predict potential faults in substations and provide strong support for the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0061] Embodiment 3

[0062] Embodiment 3 of the present application provides a substation wireless sensor network system with interactive functions, aiming to realize intelligent management and monitoring of substations. Figure 3 As shown in , the substation wireless sensor network system mainly consists of three parts: an adaptive wireless communication unit, multiple wireless sensor nodes, a background management unit and a user interaction interface.

[0063] The multiple wireless sensor nodes include but are not limited to temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors and current sensors. These sensors can send data to the background management unit at fixed time intervals (for example, every 5 seconds) to ensure the continuity and real-time monitoring. Furthermore, all data transmitted through the WAPI network is encrypted. This embodiment uses the SM4 algorithm to ensure the security of data during transmission and prevent the data from being intercepted or tampered with.

[0064] The background management unit, which specifically includes a condition evaluation module, a feedback module and a security module, is used to analyze and process sensor data in real time, execute user-defined logical expressions and condition evaluations, and trigger corresponding events when preset conditions are met.

[0065] The condition evaluation module is specifically used to monitor sensor data in real time, evaluate the logical expressions and conditions defined by the operation and maintenance personnel, and immediately trigger an event once the data meets the preset conditions. For example, if the temperature sensor reading exceeds the set threshold, the condition evaluation module will trigger an early warning event. Alternatively, if the temperature sensor reading exceeds the set high temperature threshold for three consecutive times, the condition evaluation module will trigger a high temperature early warning event.

[0066] The feedback module is specifically used to send notifications to the operation and maintenance personnel through the user interaction interface after the event is triggered and the policy is executed, so as to ensure that the operation and maintenance personnel can understand the status changes of the system in a timely manner. Optionally, the above notification can be a sound alarm, a visual prompt, or a text message / email notification, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0067] The security module is specifically used to control the permissions of the operation and maintenance personnel, ensuring that only authorized users can define and configure event trigger conditions to ensure system security. For example, the security module can define different levels of user permissions, and only users with corresponding permissions can access sensitive data or modify system configurations.

[0068] All user operations will be recorded in the audit log, including user ID, operation time, operation type, etc., to facilitate post-audit and problem tracking. The security module ensures that all data transmitted through the WAPI network is encrypted and uses the SM4 algorithm to ensure the security of data during transmission.

[0069] The user interaction interface is used to provide a user-friendly operation interface, allowing users to customize and configure event trigger conditions, view system status in real time, and receive feedback information from the background management unit. It includes at least an event trigger condition configuration interface, a real-time data monitoring interface, and an event response action execution interface. Users can define data thresholds, logical expressions, and event response actions through a graphical interface. For example, users can set the system to automatically start the cooling system when the temperature exceeds 40°C. View sensor data in real time, including historical data trends and current status. The interface displays data in the form of charts and dashboards, allowing users to quickly understand the operating status of the substation. When the background management unit triggers an event, the user interaction interface will display the corresponding prompt information and allow users to perform predefined response actions, such as starting an emergency plan or notifying maintenance personnel.

[0070] In a specific application scenario, the operation and maintenance personnel can define data thresholds, logical expressions and event response actions to monitor and respond to specific situations. The interface displays the data collected by the sensors in real time, allowing the operation and maintenance personnel to understand the operating status of the substation at any time. When the background management unit evaluates that the preset conditions are met, the user interaction interface will display the corresponding prompt information and execute the response action defined by the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0071] Through the functions of the above-mentioned background management unit, the substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI can realize efficient and safe monitoring and management of substations, ensuring the stable operation of power facilities and the security of data. Taking a high temperature warning event as an example, when the temperature sensor reading exceeds the set threshold, the condition evaluation module triggers the warning event. The feedback module immediately notifies the duty personnel through the user interaction interface in the form of pop-up windows and sound alarms. The duty personnel confirmed the event through the user interaction interface and executed the preset response action, that is, starting the cooling system. From event triggering to response action execution, the entire process takes less than 30 seconds, effectively preventing possible equipment overheating problems.

[0072] Through the above embodiments, the actual operation effect of the substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI and the efficiency of the management system can be fully demonstrated. The real-time, reliability and security of the system have been fully verified, providing strong technical support for the intelligent management and monitoring of substations.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0074] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0075] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI, characterized in that: It includes at least two wireless sensor nodes and an adaptive wireless communication unit; each of the wireless sensor nodes joins the network by automatically acquiring network parameters, and builds a network topology diagram by broadcasting to discover neighbor nodes, including the distribution of sensor nodes, communication links and data flow; The adaptive wireless communication unit includes a self-organizing network module and a spectrum management module; the self-organizing network module is provided with at least one WAPI gateway, and the networking forms include LORA, Bluetooth and WAPI; the spectrum management module is used to dynamically adjust the wireless communication frequency according to the substation environment changes and signal interference conditions; Each of the wireless sensor nodes is used to evaluate the quality of the communication link in real time and determine the optimal communication path, including the optimal transmission protocol and the optimal WAPI gateway configured to support the optimal transmission protocol.

2. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a security authentication unit, which is used to authenticate the new wireless sensor node before the new wireless sensor node joins the network to obtain authentication information; wherein the identity authentication includes pre-shared key authentication, certificate authentication or challenge response authentication.

3. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 2, characterized in that: Wireless sensor nodes automatically obtain network parameters and join the network, including: The newly added wireless sensor sends an access request to the substation wireless sensor network, wherein the access request includes authentication information and parameter information of the newly added wireless sensor; The substation wireless sensor network responds to the access request and feeds back network parameters for the newly added wireless sensor, wherein the network parameters include a communication channel and a network ID.

4. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the wireless sensor node joins the network by automatically acquiring network parameters, the method further includes: After the wireless sensor node joins the substation wireless sensor network, the existing wireless sensor node notifies the newly joined wireless sensor node of network parameters, including network ID, communication channel and node role; Based on the network parameters, determining whether there is a channel conflict between the newly added wireless sensor node and the existing wireless sensor; If it exists, the network parameters of the newly added wireless sensor node are adjusted through the negotiation mechanism.

5. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1, characterized in that: The WAPI gateway has an adaptive network topology function, which is used to adjust the network topology according to the changes in the substation environment and the status of each sensor node.

6. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1, characterized in that: The WAPI gateway is integrated with an edge computing module for preprocessing the environmental data collected by each wireless sensor node, including data cleaning, denoising, formatting and normalization; After data preprocessing is completed, it is also used to distribute computing tasks among various edge nodes and perform substation fault prediction analysis based on environmental data.

7. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless sensor nodes added to the substation wireless sensor network system include temperature and humidity sensors, water immersion sensors, smoke sensors, liquid level sensors, infrared temperature sensors, pile head temperature sensors, gas concentration sensors, pressure sensors, vibration sensors, partial discharge sensors, door magnetic sensors, and sound sensors.

8. The substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wireless sensor node includes a wireless sensor for sensing changes in the electromagnetic environment of the substation in real time; The spectrum management submodule dynamically adjusts the wireless communication frequency according to the substation environment changes and signal interference conditions, including: Monitor the electromagnetic environment and signal interference in the substation, and trigger instant spectrum scanning when changes in the electromagnetic environment or signal interference are detected; wherein the signal interference includes radio frequency interference and electromagnetic interference; Perform frequency allocation based on spectrum scanning results and determine the frequency allocation plan; According to the frequency allocation plan, the communication frequency and communication link between each wireless sensor are planned.

9. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a background management unit and a user interaction interface; The user interaction interface is used to define and configure event trigger conditions, including data thresholds, logical expressions, and event response actions; The background management unit includes a condition evaluation module, a feedback module and a security module; The condition evaluation module is used to evaluate user-defined logical expressions and conditions in real time, and trigger corresponding events when the data meets the preset conditions; The feedback module is used to notify the user through interface prompts after the event is triggered and the strategy is executed; The security module is used to perform permission control on operations of user definition and configuration of event triggering conditions.

10. A substation wireless sensor network system based on WAPI according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication link quality of each wireless sensor node is determined based on the received signal strength RSSI and the signal-to-noise ratio SNR of each wireless sensor node.

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