Mechanized operation method for soil-cultivated strawberries in greenhouse

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of facility soil cultivation strawberry planting, in particular to a mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil cultivation strawberries. According to the mechanical operation method for the soil-cultivated strawberries in the greenhouse, agricultural machinery and agricultural technology are integrated, mechanical and efficient transplanting of the soil-cultivated strawberries in the greenhouse is achieved, the problem that the strawberries can only be manually planted at present is solved, the labor intensity is reduced, the labor input is reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, the planting standard is standardized, and the growth quality of the strawberries is ensured; and an efficient and standardized solution is provided for modern strawberry planting development. A mechanical operation method for soil cultivation of strawberries in a greenhouse is characterized in that a planting facility is a sunlight greenhouse (1) or a plastic greenhouse (3), and the strawberries are cultivated along a ridge direction, namely an east-west direction, and comprises the following steps: 1, directionally breeding seedlings; 2, mechanically ploughing and preparing soil; 3, mechanical ridging; and 4, mechanical transplanting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of greenhouse soil-planted strawberry planting, and in particular to a mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil-planted strawberries. Background Art

[0002] Strawberries are rich in nutritional, medical and ecological value, and are deeply favored by consumers. The market demand continues to grow, and the planting area is expanding year by year. It is mainly cultivated in soil in facilities such as solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses. However, there are complex agronomic requirements when planting strawberry seedlings, that is, the arch must be outward. The current transplanter is difficult to effectively solve this problem, resulting in the current strawberry planting in my country relying on manual labor. During manual planting operations, workers need to frequently bend over to make holes, take seedlings, plant seedlings, and cover the soil, which is labor-intensive and has low work efficiency. In addition, with the annual reduction of agricultural labor in my country, the problem of labor shortage has become increasingly prominent, further exacerbating the severity of strawberry production and making it difficult to meet the growing market demand for strawberries. Therefore, solving the problem of the arch direction during the mechanized planting of strawberries and realizing the mechanized transplanting of strawberries have become key technical bottlenecks that need to be overcome. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil-planted strawberries that integrates agricultural machinery and agronomy, realizes mechanized and efficient transplanting of greenhouse soil-planted strawberries, solves the current dilemma that strawberries can only be planted manually, reduces labor intensity, reduces labor input, improves operation efficiency, standardizes planting standards, ensures the growth quality of strawberries, and provides an efficient and standardized solution for the development of modern strawberry planting.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil-planted strawberries, wherein the planting facility is a solar greenhouse 1 or a plastic greenhouse 3, and the strawberries are cultivated along the ridge direction, i.e., the east-west direction, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0006] 1. Directed breeding of seedlings

[0007] 1.1. Strawberry seedling cuttings: Cut the runners of the strawberry mother seedlings and cut them into the seedling cup to cultivate strawberry seedlings;

[0008] 1.2. Arrangement of seedling cups: Place the seedling cups that have been grafted on a non-porous tray so that the arched backs of the entire tray of strawberry seedlings 2 are in the same direction; by arranging in a uniform direction, the strawberry seedlings 2 can maintain a consistent growth direction during the cultivation process;

[0009] 1.3. Cultivation of strawberry seedlings: Cultivate strawberry seedlings 2 in a greenhouse or shed, ensure a certain temperature, humidity and light, and cultivate them for 40 to 50 days until the seedlings grow strong and reach a state suitable for transplanting;

[0010] The temperature, humidity and light intensity include: daytime temperature of 25-35 degrees, nighttime temperature of 13-17 degrees; humidity of 50-70%; light intensity of 25,000-30,000 lux;

[0011] 2. Mechanized tillage and land preparation

[0012] 2.1. Deep ploughing: In the strawberry planting area, deep ploughing machines or moldboard plows are used for deep ploughing to loosen the soil, break the plow bottom layer, and improve the soil's water storage capacity and drought resistance;

[0013] 2.2. Rotary tillage: After deep tillage, use a deep rotary tiller to break up the soil in layers. The first rotary tillage depth is 15-20 cm, and the second rotary tillage depth is 7-10 cm. If the soil breaking rate reaches or exceeds 85% after the operation, the rotary tillage operation is terminated. Otherwise, perform another rotary tillage operation, and the third rotary tillage depth is 7-10 cm to ensure that the soil meets the standard of loose upper part and solid lower part.

[0014] 3. Mechanized ridging

[0015] Use a special high ridge ridger for strawberries to make ridges, with a ridge height of 30-40 cm, a ridge width of 50-60 cm, and a ridge distance of 100-110 cm to increase the ventilation and light transmittance of the plants and provide a suitable growth environment for strawberries;

[0016] 4. Mechanized transplanting

[0017] 4.1. Planting operation specifications: After the directional propagation seedlings reach the transplanting standard, the transplanter will plant them according to the set plant spacing of 13-17cm and row spacing of 25-30cm;

[0018] 4.2. Use a high ridge semi-automatic transplanter for strawberries for transplanting:

[0019] Two operators take out the directional breeding seedlings from the non-perforated tray and put them directly into the seedling cup of the transplanter without adjusting the arch direction of the seedlings one by one. The seedling cup transports the strawberry pot seedlings to the top of the planter. Then the base of the seedling cup opens, and the pot seedlings automatically fall into the planter. The seedlings are accurately planted on the ridge through the duckbill planter.

[0020] Wherein, in step 1.1, the material of the seedling cup is a non-woven bag.

[0021] Among them, in step 2.1, the deep plowing depth is 30 to 35 cm to break the plow bottom layer.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention realizes mechanized and efficient transplanting of greenhouse soil-planted strawberries, solves the current dilemma that strawberries can only be planted manually, reduces labor intensity, reduces labor input, improves operation efficiency, standardizes planting standards, ensures the growth quality of strawberries, and provides an efficient and standardized solution for the development of modern strawberry planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of strawberry soil cultivation in a solar greenhouse;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of strawberry soil cultivation in a plastic greenhouse;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a picture of strawberry seedlings in pots before mechanized transplanting;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the operation of a semi-automatic transplanter.

[0028] The accompanying drawings are denoted as follows:

[0029] 1. Solar greenhouse 2. Strawberry seedlings

[0030] 3. Plastic greenhouse DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil-grown strawberries, the planting facility is a solar greenhouse 1 or a plastic greenhouse 3, and the cultivation along the ridge, i.e., the east-west direction, includes the following steps:

[0033] 1. Directed breeding of seedlings

[0034] 1.1. Strawberry seedling cuttings: Cut the runners of the strawberry mother seedlings and cut them into the seedling cup to cultivate the strawberry seedlings. Preferably, the seedling cup is made of a non-woven bag.

[0035] 1.2. Arrangement of seedling cups: Figure 3 As shown, the seedling cups for cutting are placed in a non-porous tray so that the arched backs of the whole tray of strawberry seedlings 2 are in the same direction. By arranging in a unified direction, the strawberry seedlings 2 can maintain a consistent growth direction during the cultivation process, which is convenient for subsequent mechanized transplanting.

[0036] 1.3. Cultivation of strawberry seedlings: Cultivate strawberry seedlings 2 in a greenhouse or shed, ensuring a certain temperature, humidity and light. Cultivate the seedlings for 40 to 50 days until the seedlings grow strong and reach a state suitable for transplanting.

[0037] The temperature, humidity and light intensity include: daytime temperature of 25 to 35 degrees, nighttime temperature of 13 to 17 degrees; humidity of 50 to 70%; and light intensity of 25,000 to 30,000 lux.

[0038] 2. Mechanized tillage and land preparation

[0039] 2.1. Deep plowing: In the strawberry planting area, use a deep tiller or a moldboard plow for deep plowing to loosen the soil, break the plow bottom layer, and improve the soil's water storage capacity and drought resistance.

[0040] Preferably, in step 2.1, the deep plowing depth is 30 to 35 cm to break up the plow bottom layer.

[0041] 2.2. Rotary tillage: After deep tillage, use a deep rotary tiller to break up the soil in layers. The first rotary tillage depth is 15-20 cm, and the second rotary tillage depth is 7-10 cm. If the soil breaking rate after the operation reaches or exceeds 85%, the rotary tillage operation is terminated; otherwise, perform another rotary tillage, and the third rotary tillage depth is 7-10 cm to ensure that the soil reaches the standard of loose upper part and solid lower part.

[0042] 3. Mechanized ridging

[0043] Use a special high ridge-forming machine for strawberries for ridge-forming operations. The ridge height is 30-40 cm, the ridge width is 50-60 cm, and the ridge spacing is 100-110 cm. This increases the ventilation and light transmittance of the plants and provides a suitable growth environment for strawberries.

[0044] 4. Mechanized transplanting

[0045] 4.1. Planting operation specifications: After the directional propagation seedlings reach the transplanting standards, the transplanter will plant them according to the set plant spacing of 13 to 17 cm and row spacing of 25 to 30 cm.

[0046] 4.2. Use a high ridge semi-automatic transplanter for strawberries for transplanting:

[0047] Two operators take out the directional breeding seedlings from the non-perforated tray and put them directly into the seedling cup of the transplanter without adjusting the arch direction of the seedlings one by one. The seedling cup transports the strawberry pot seedlings to the top of the planter. Then the base of the seedling cup opens, and the pot seedlings automatically fall into the planter. The seedlings are accurately planted on the ridge through the duckbill planter.

[0048] The machines used in this application are all vegetable operation machines currently available on the market, including deep plowing machines, moldboard plows, high ridge forming machines specifically for strawberries, and high ridge semi-automatic transplanters specifically for strawberries.

[0049] Embodiment 1

[0050] The planting facility of this embodiment is a solar greenhouse 1, which is cultivated along the ridge, i.e., the east-west direction. It includes the following steps:

[0051] 1. Directed breeding of seedlings

[0052] 1.1. Strawberry seedling cuttings: Cut the runners of the strawberry mother seedlings and cut them into non-woven seedling cups to cultivate strawberry seedlings.

[0053] 1.2. Arrangement of seedling cups: Place the seedling cups that have been grafted on a non-porous tray so that the arched backs of the entire tray of strawberry seedlings 2 are in the same direction. By arranging in a uniform direction, the strawberry seedlings 2 can maintain a consistent growth direction during the cultivation process, which is convenient for subsequent mechanized transplanting.

[0054] 1.3. Strawberry seedling cultivation: Cultivate the strawberry seedlings in a greenhouse or shed. The daytime temperature is 25-35 degrees, the nighttime temperature is 13-17 degrees, the humidity is 50-70%, the light is 25,000-30,000 lux, and the seedlings are raised for 40-50 days. The seedlings grow healthily and reach a state suitable for transplanting.

[0055] 2. Mechanized tillage and land preparation

[0056] 2.1. Deep plowing: In the strawberry planting area, use a deep tiller or a moldboard plow for deep plowing operations with a depth of 30 cm to loosen the soil, break the plow bottom layer, and improve the soil's water storage capacity and drought resistance.

[0057] 2.2. Rotary tillage: After deep tillage, use a deep rotary tiller to break up the soil in layers. The first rotary tillage depth is 15 cm, and the second rotary tillage depth is 7 cm. If the soil breaking rate after the operation reaches or exceeds 85%, the rotary tillage operation is terminated; otherwise, perform another rotary tillage, and the third rotary tillage depth is 7 cm to ensure that the soil reaches the standard of loose upper part and solid lower part.

[0058] 3. Mechanized ridging

[0059] A special high ridge-forming machine for strawberries is used for ridge-forming operations. The ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge spacing is 100cm. This increases the ventilation and light transmittance of the plants and provides a suitable growth environment for strawberries.

[0060] 4. Mechanized transplanting

[0061] 4.1. Planting operation specifications: After the directional propagation seedlings reach the transplanting standards, the transplanter will plant them according to the set plant spacing of 15 cm and row spacing of 25 cm.

[0062] 4.2. Use a high ridge semi-automatic transplanter for strawberries for transplanting:

[0063] Two operators take out the directionally propagated seedlings from the non-perforated tray and put them directly into the seedling cup of the transplanter without adjusting the bow direction of the seedlings one by one, and plant the seedlings on the ridge through the planter.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] The planting facility in this embodiment is a plastic greenhouse 3, and the cultivation is carried out along the ridge, that is, in the east-west direction. The following steps are included:

[0066] 1. Directed breeding of seedlings

[0067] 1.1. Strawberry seedling cuttings: Cut the runners of the strawberry mother seedlings and cut them into non-woven seedling cups to cultivate strawberry seedlings.

[0068] 1.2. Arrangement of seedling cups: Place the seedling cups that have been grafted on a non-porous tray so that the arched backs of the entire tray of strawberry seedlings 2 are in the same direction. By arranging in a uniform direction, the strawberry seedlings 2 can maintain a consistent growth direction during the cultivation process, which is convenient for subsequent mechanized transplanting.

[0069] 1.3. Strawberry seedling cultivation: Cultivate the strawberry seedlings in a greenhouse or shed. The daytime temperature is 25-35 degrees, the nighttime temperature is 13-17 degrees, the humidity is 50-70%, the light is 25,000-30,000 lux, and the seedlings are raised for 40-50 days. The seedlings grow healthily and reach a state suitable for transplanting.

[0070] 2. Mechanized tillage and land preparation

[0071] 2.1. Deep plowing: In the strawberry planting area, use a deep tiller or a moldboard plow for deep plowing operations with a depth of 30 cm to loosen the soil, break the plow bottom layer, and improve the soil's water storage capacity and drought resistance.

[0072] 2.2. Rotary tillage: After deep tillage, use a deep rotary tiller to break up the soil in layers. The first rotary tillage depth is 15 cm, and the second rotary tillage depth is 7 cm. If the soil breaking rate after the operation reaches or exceeds 85%, the rotary tillage operation is terminated; otherwise, perform another rotary tillage, and the third rotary tillage depth is 7 cm to ensure that the soil reaches the standard of loose upper part and solid lower part.

[0073] 3. Mechanized ridging

[0074] A special high ridge-forming machine for strawberries is used for ridge-forming operations. The ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 50cm, and the ridge spacing is 100cm. This increases the ventilation and light transmittance of the plants and provides a suitable growth environment for strawberries.

[0075] 4. Mechanized transplanting

[0076] 4.1. Planting operation specifications: After the directional propagation seedlings reach the transplanting standards, the transplanter will plant them according to the set plant spacing of 15 cm and row spacing of 25 cm.

[0077] 4.2. Use a high ridge semi-automatic transplanter for strawberries for transplanting:

[0078] Two operators take out the directionally propagated seedlings from the non-perforated tray and put them directly into the seedling cup of the transplanter without adjusting the bow direction of the seedlings one by one, and plant the seedlings on the ridge through the planter.

Claims

1. A mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil planting strawberries, wherein the planting facility is a solar greenhouse (1) or a plastic greenhouse (3), and the strawberries are cultivated along the ridge, i.e., in the east-west direction, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1. Directed breeding of seedlings 1.

1. Strawberry seedling cuttings: Cut the runners of the strawberry mother seedlings and cut them into the seedling cup to cultivate strawberry seedlings; 1.

2. Arrangement of seedling cups: Place the seedling cups that have been grafted on a non-porous tray so that the arched backs of the entire tray of strawberry seedlings (2) are in the same direction; by arranging in a uniform direction, the strawberry seedlings (2) maintain a consistent growth direction during the cultivation process; 1.

3. Cultivation of strawberry seedlings: Cultivate the strawberry seedlings (2) in a greenhouse or shed, ensuring a certain temperature, humidity and light, and cultivate the seedlings for 40 to 50 days until the seedlings grow strong and reach a state suitable for transplanting; in, The temperature, humidity and light intensity include: daytime temperature of 25-35 degrees, nighttime temperature of 13-17 degrees; humidity of 50-70%; light intensity of 25,000-30,000 lux; 2. Mechanized tillage and land preparation 2.

1. Deep ploughing: In the strawberry planting area, deep ploughing machines or moldboard plows are used for deep ploughing to loosen the soil, break the plow bottom layer, and improve the soil's water storage capacity and drought resistance; 2.

2. Rotary tillage: After deep tillage, use a deep rotary tiller to break up the soil in layers. The first rotary tillage depth is 15-20 cm, and the second rotary tillage depth is 7-10 cm. If the soil breaking rate reaches or exceeds 85% after the operation, the rotary tillage operation is terminated. Otherwise, perform another rotary tillage operation, and the third rotary tillage depth is 7-10 cm to ensure that the soil meets the standard of loose upper part and solid lower part.

3. Mechanized ridging Use a special high ridge ridger for strawberries to make ridges, with a ridge height of 30-40 cm, a ridge width of 50-60 cm, and a ridge distance of 100-110 cm to increase the ventilation and light transmittance of the plants and provide a suitable growth environment for strawberries; 4. Mechanized transplanting 4.

1. Planting operation specifications: After the directional propagation seedlings reach the transplanting standard, the transplanter will plant them according to the set plant spacing of 13-17cm and row spacing of 25-30cm; 4.

2. Use a high ridge semi-automatic transplanter for strawberries for transplanting: Two operators take out the directional breeding seedlings from the non-perforated tray and put them directly into the seedling cup of the transplanter without adjusting the arch direction of the seedlings one by one. The seedling cup transports the strawberry pot seedlings to the top of the planter. Then the base of the seedling cup opens, and the pot seedlings automatically fall into the planter. The seedlings are accurately planted on the ridge through the duckbill planter.

2. The mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil-grown strawberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1.1, the material of the seedling cup is a non-woven bag.

3. The mechanized operation method for greenhouse soil-grown strawberries according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.1, the deep plowing depth is 30 to 35 cm to break up the plow bottom layer.

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