Method for planting cucumbers in greenhouse by filling perilla straw and application of method

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting greenhouse cucumbers by filling perilla straw and application of the method, and belongs to the technical field of plant disease control. In order to solve the problems of soil hardening, poor quality, downy mildew disease and the like in greenhouse cucumber planting, perilla straw is reasonably filled into soil after harvesting of greenhouse cucumbers in autumn is finished, and nutrient components rich in the perilla straw are effectively utilized to increase soil fertility, increase organic matter content, improve soil structure and enhance plant growth vigor; the cucumber downy mildew is effectively prevented and controlled, the yield and quality of cucumbers are improved, and an effective technical guarantee is provided for ecological cultivation of greenhouse cucumbers. Meanwhile, the problems that resources are wasted due to improper treatment and random discarding of the perilla straw, a large number of pollutants are generated by incineration, and the air quality is harmed are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease prevention and control, and specifically relates to a method for planting greenhouse cucumbers using perilla straw as filling material and an application thereof, and specifically relates to the application of the method in preventing and controlling greenhouse cucumber downy mildew, increasing cucumber yield and quality, and improving soil quality. Background Art

[0002] Cucumber is one of the main vegetables grown in greenhouses. The climate in the northern high-altitude cold regions is cold, and greenhouse cucumbers are generally planted twice or once a year. After the end of autumn, the greenhouse is idle until the spring of the following year when cucumbers are planted. In cucumber planting, chemical fertilizers are applied more often than organic fertilizers, which leads to problems such as soil compaction and poor quality. In addition, due to the difficulty of crop rotation in greenhouse cucumbers, perennial planting leads to more and more obstacles to continuous cropping, resulting in deterioration of soil structure, poor growth and development of cucumbers, aggravated diseases, reduced yields, and reduced quality. Downy mildew is the most common disease in greenhouse cucumber production. In epidemic years, cucumber downy mildew can cause a 20% to 30% reduction in cucumber production. In severe epidemics, the loss can reach 50% to 60%, and may even lead to a total crop failure. Downy mildew has the characteristics of fast transmission speed and strong transmission ability. At present, chemical pesticides are mostly used in production, but chemical pesticides have problems such as pesticide residues and environmental pollution. At the same time, they are also prone to drug resistance, and their control effect is not obvious.

[0003] At present, agricultural production is committed to reducing the use of chemical pesticides and increasing their efficiency, solving the problems of agricultural waste treatment and agricultural sustainable development. Perilla, as a dual-purpose crop for medicine and food, is rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have reported that intercropping of perilla and pepper can effectively prevent and control pepper blight. However, there are no reports on the use of perilla straw to prevent and control cucumber downy mildew. If perilla straw can be used to prevent and control cucumber downy mildew, it will be of great significance to solve the straw treatment and downy mildew disease. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of soil compaction, poor quality and downy mildew in greenhouse cucumber planting, the present invention reasonably fills perilla straw into the soil after the autumn harvest of greenhouse cucumbers, effectively utilizes the nutrients rich in perilla straw to increase soil fertility, improve organic matter content, improve soil structure, enhance plant growth, effectively prevent and control the occurrence of cucumber downy mildew, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. At the same time, it also solves the problems of improper treatment and random discard of perilla straw, which causes waste of resources, and burning produces a large amount of pollutants and harms air quality.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting greenhouse cucumbers using perilla straw as filling material, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) After the autumn greenhouse cucumber harvest in the north is completed, the garden should be cleaned up in time;

[0008] 2) Spread base fertilizer on the soil, and then add crushed perilla straw at a rate of 200-400 kg / 667 m 2 Evenly spread the amount on the soil surface and then perform rotary tillage to evenly fill the soil with perilla straw;

[0009] 3) Wet the soil with clean water and close the greenhouse for wintering;

[0010] 4) The next year, the soil is thawed to 20-25 cm and then rotary tilled for the second time. Fertilizer is applied in combination with rotary tillage, and Bacillus subtilis is evenly sprayed on the soil.

[0011] 5) Land preparation, bed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the base fertilizer in step 2) is commercial granular organic fertilizer and Aijia No. 3 biological fertilizer, and the amount of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer is 40-80 kg / 667 m 2 .

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the perilla stalk in step 2) does not exceed 5 cm.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer in step 4) is diammonium phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, and the dosage is 20-25 kg / 667 m 2 .

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the effective bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant in step 4) is 4×10 10 CFU / g.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the dosage of the Bacillus subtilis agent in step 4) is 200-300 g / 667 m 2 .

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the dilution multiple of the Bacillus subtilis agent in step 4) is 400 to 600 times.

[0018] The second object of the present invention is to provide application of the above method in preventing and controlling downy mildew of greenhouse cucumber.

[0019] The third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above method in increasing the yield of greenhouse cucumbers.

[0020] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide application of the above method in improving the quality of greenhouse cucumbers.

[0021] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide application of the above method in improving greenhouse soil.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The method for greenhouse cucumber planting using perilla straw filling provided by the present invention can effectively prevent and control cucumber downy mildew, with a prevention efficiency of 38.5% to 51.6%, and delay the occurrence of downy mildew by 5 to 7 days compared with the control ratio without perilla straw filling; compared with the control ratio, the method provided by the present invention significantly improves the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO 2 The concentration and chlorophyll content of the present invention promote the photosynthesis of cucumber plants, significantly increase the activity of relevant enzymes (soil urease, soil sucrase and soil phosphatase) in the cucumber rhizosphere soil and the content of soil nutrients (organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium), improve the soil environment, and thus improve the disease resistance of cucumber plants and promote the growth of cucumbers; compared with the comparative example, the method provided by the present invention increases the cucumber yield by 12.1% to 26.0%, and at the same time, also improves the nutritional quality of greenhouse cucumbers (soluble sugar content increases by 113.9% to 163.2%, and vitamin C content increases by 7.1% to 10.0%).

[0024] The present invention can effectively prevent and control greenhouse cucumber downy mildew by reasonably filling the soil with perilla straw, promote cucumber growth, improve its intrinsic nutritional quality, improve the soil environment, and provide effective technical guarantee for the ecological cultivation of greenhouse cucumbers; at the same time, it also solves the problems of waste of resources caused by improper treatment and random discard of perilla straw, and burning of perilla straw generates a large amount of pollutants and harms air quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. The embodiments described in the present invention are not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the fertilizers, reagents and instruments used are all conventional fertilizers, reagents and instruments in the art unless otherwise specified, and can be obtained by those skilled in the art through commercial channels.

[0027] The organic fertilizer used in the present invention is commercial granular organic fertilizer purchased from Harbin Baidu Technology Development Co., Ltd.; the biological fertilizer used is Aiga No. 3 biological fertilizer purchased from Harbin Aiga Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] The determination method involved in the present invention is as follows:

[0029] a. Determination of the control effect of downy mildew

[0030] The downy mildew disease is graded into levels 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, among which, level 0 leaves have no lesions, level 1 leaves have lesion area less than 5% of the leaf area, level 3 leaves have lesion area 6% to 10% of the leaf area, level 5 leaves have lesion area 11% to 25% of the leaf area, level 7 leaves have lesion area 26% to 50% of the leaf area, and level 9 leaves have lesion area more than 50% of the leaf area.

[0031] Disease index determination: Disease index (DI) = ∑ (disease level value × number of leaves at that disease level) / (highest disease level value × number of leaves surveyed) × 100

[0032] The control effect of downy mildew (%) = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100%.

[0033] b. Determination of cucumber fruit quality

[0034] The soluble sugar content was determined by anthrone colorimetry, and the vitamin C content was determined by molybdenum blue colorimetry.

[0035] c. Determination of photosynthetic indexes in cucumber leaves

[0036] Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO 2 The concentration was determined using a portable photosynthetic rate meter; the chlorophyll content was determined by spectrophotometry.

[0037] d. Determination of soil indicators

[0038] The contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were determined using a soil nutrient rapid tester; the phosphatase activity in the soil was determined using the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method; the sucrase activity was determined using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method; and the urease activity was determined using the sodium phenol colorimetric method.

[0039] Example 1: A method for growing cucumbers in greenhouses using perilla stalks as filling material

[0040] (1) After the autumn greenhouse cucumber harvest in the north is over, the garden should be cleaned up in time;

[0041] (2) After the perilla is harvested, the discarded straw is collected and crushed to a length of ≤5 cm;

[0042] (3) Combined with spreading base fertilizer (commercial granular organic fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 +Aiga No. 3 biological fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 ), crushed perilla straw at 200kg / 667m 2 Evenly spread the amount on the soil surface and then perform rotary tillage to evenly fill the soil with perilla straw;

[0043] (4) After filling with perilla straw, wet the soil with clean water and close the greenhouse for wintering;

[0044] (5) The soil thawed 20 cm the following year and then rotary tilled for the second time. Combined with rotary tillage, fertilizers were applied according to the conventional method (diammonium hydrogen phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, each at a rate of 20 kg / 667 m 2 ), and at the same time, the soil was evenly sprayed with Bacillus subtilis agent (effective bacterial concentration was 4×10 10 CFU / g), dosage 250g / 667m 2 , the dilution factor is 500 times;

[0045] (6) Land preparation, bed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

[0046] Example 2: A method for growing cucumbers in greenhouses using perilla stalks as filling material

[0047] (1) After the autumn greenhouse cucumber harvest in the north is over, the garden should be cleaned up in time;

[0048] (2) After the perilla is harvested, the discarded straw is collected and crushed to a length of ≤5 cm;

[0049] (3) Combined with spreading base fertilizer (commercial granular organic fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 +Aiga No. 3 biological fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 ), crushed perilla straw at 400kg / 667m 2 Evenly spread the amount on the soil surface and then perform rotary tillage to evenly fill the soil with perilla straw;

[0050] (4) After filling with perilla straw, wet the soil with clean water and close the greenhouse for wintering;

[0051] (5) The soil thawed 20 cm the following year and then rotary tilled for the second time. Combined with rotary tillage, fertilizers were applied according to the conventional method (diammonium hydrogen phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, each at a rate of 20 kg / 667 m 2 ), and at the same time, the soil was evenly sprayed with Bacillus subtilis agent (effective bacterial concentration was 4×10 10 CFU / g), dosage 250g / 667m 2 , the dilution factor is 500 times;

[0052] (6) Land preparation, bed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

[0053] Comparative Example:

[0054] The difference between this comparative example and the embodiment is that no perilla straw is added, and the specific planting method is as follows:

[0055] (1) After the autumn greenhouse cucumber harvest in the north is over, the garden should be cleaned up in time;

[0056] (2) Apply base fertilizer (commercial granular organic fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 +Aiga No. 3 biological fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 );

[0057] (3) Wet the soil with clean water and close the greenhouse for winter;

[0058] (4) The soil was thawed to 20 cm in the following year and then tilled for the second time. Combined with tillage, fertilizers were applied according to the conventional method (diammonium hydrogen phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, each at a dosage of 20 kg / 667 m 2 ), and at the same time, the soil was evenly sprayed with Bacillus subtilis agent (effective bacterial concentration was 4×10 10 CFU / g), dosage 250g / 667m 2 , the dilution factor is 500 times;

[0059] (5) Land preparation, bed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

[0060] In order to study the effect of the greenhouse cucumber planting method provided by the present invention on the prevention effect of cucumber downy mildew, cucumber yield and quality and soil quality, the control effect of downy mildew (prevention effect, delayed onset days), cucumber yield (yield and yield increase rate) and cucumber quality (fruit soluble sugar content, fruit vitamin C content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 content) corresponding to the methods described in Example 1, Example 2 and the comparative example were compared. 2 concentration, chlorophyll content), soil indicators (organic matter content, ammonium nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil urease activity, soil sucrase activity, soil phosphatase activity) were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1 Test results of downy mildew control efficacy, cucumber yield and quality, and soil quality corresponding to the embodiments and comparative examples

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the method for greenhouse cucumber planting using perilla straw filling provided by the present invention can effectively prevent and control cucumber downy mildew, with a prevention efficiency of 38.5% to 51.6%, and delay the occurrence of downy mildew by 5 to 7 days compared with the control group without perilla straw filling; compared with the control group, the method provided by the present invention significantly increases the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO 2 The concentration and chlorophyll content of the present invention promoted the photosynthesis of cucumber plants, significantly increased the activity of cucumber rhizosphere soil-related enzymes (soil urease, soil sucrase and soil phosphatase) and soil nutrient content (organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, effective phosphorus and available potassium), improved the soil environment, and thus improved the disease resistance of cucumber plants and promoted the growth of cucumbers; compared with the control group, the method provided by the present invention increased the cucumber yield by 12.1% to 26.0%. At the same time, the nutritional quality of greenhouse cucumbers was also improved (soluble sugar content increased by 113.9% to 163.2%, and vitamin C content increased by 7.1% to 10.0%).

[0065] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for growing cucumbers in greenhouses using perilla straw as filling material, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) After the autumn greenhouse cucumber harvest in the north is completed, the garden should be cleaned up in time; 2) Spread base fertilizer on the soil, and then add crushed perilla straw at a rate of 200-400 kg / 667 m 2 Evenly spread the amount on the soil surface and then perform rotary tillage to evenly fill the soil with perilla straw; 3) Wet the soil with clean water and close the greenhouse for wintering; 4) The next year, the soil is thawed to 20-25 cm and then rotary tilled for the second time. Fertilizer is applied in combination with rotary tillage, and Bacillus subtilis is evenly sprayed on the soil. 5) Land preparation, bed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2) The base fertilizer is commercial granular organic fertilizer and Aijia No. 3 biological fertilizer, and the dosage of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer is 40-80kg / 667m 2 .

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2) The length of the perilla stalk does not exceed 5 cm.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4) The fertilizers are diammonium phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, and the dosage is 20-25 kg / 667 m 2 .

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4) The effective bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant is 4×10 10 CFU / g.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4) The dosage of the Bacillus subtilis agent is 200-300 g / 667 m 2 , the dilution multiple is 400 to 600 times.

7. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in preventing and controlling downy mildew of greenhouse cucumbers.

8. Application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in increasing greenhouse cucumber yield.

9. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving the quality of greenhouse cucumbers.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving greenhouse soil.

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