Method for greenhouse cucumber planting by using perilla straw filling and application thereof

Abstract

A method for greenhouse cucumber planting by using perilla straw filling and its application belong to the technical field of plant disease control. In order to solve the problems of soil compaction, poor quality and downy mildew disease of greenhouse cucumber planting, the perilla straw is reasonably filled into the soil after the autumn harvest of greenhouse cucumber, the nutrient components rich in perilla straw are effectively utilized to increase soil fertility, improve organic matter content, improve soil structure, enhance plant growth, effectively prevent and control the occurrence of cucumber downy mildew, and improve the yield and quality of cucumber, which provides effective technical support for the ecological cultivation of greenhouse cucumber. At the same time, the problems of resource waste caused by improper treatment and random disposal of perilla straw, and a large amount of pollutants produced by burning, which harm the air quality, are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant disease control technology, specifically relating to a method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation using perilla straw as filling material and its application, specifically relating to the application of this method in controlling downy mildew in greenhouse cucumbers, improving cucumber yield and quality, and improving soil quality. Background Technology

[0002] Cucumbers are one of the main vegetables grown in greenhouses. In the cold climate of northern high-altitude regions, greenhouse cucumbers are generally grown in two or one crop per year, with the greenhouse left idle until the following spring before being planted again. The overuse of chemical fertilizers and insufficient application of organic fertilizers in cucumber cultivation leads to soil compaction and poor quality. Furthermore, the difficulty of crop rotation in greenhouse cucumber cultivation and the increasing severity of continuous cropping obstacles result in deteriorating soil structure, poor cucumber growth and development, increased disease incidence, reduced yield, and decreased quality. Downy mildew is one of the most common diseases in greenhouse cucumber production. In epidemic years, downy mildew can cause a 20%–30% reduction in cucumber yield; in severe outbreaks, losses can reach 50%–60%, and may even lead to total crop failure. Downy mildew is characterized by its rapid and strong spread. Currently, chemical pesticides are widely used for control, but chemical pesticide control has problems such as pesticide residues and environmental pollution, and it is also prone to developing resistance, making its control effect insignificant.

[0003] Currently, agricultural production focuses on reducing the use of chemical pesticides while increasing their efficiency, addressing agricultural waste management, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. Perilla, a crop used for both medicinal and edible purposes, is rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids, which possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have reported that intercropping perilla with chili peppers can effectively control chili pepper blight. However, there are no reports of using perilla stalks to control cucumber downy mildew. Using perilla stalks to control cucumber downy mildew would be of great significance in addressing both stalk management and the disease itself. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address issues such as soil compaction, poor quality, and downy mildew in greenhouse cucumber cultivation, this invention involves rationally incorporating perilla stalks into the soil after the autumn cucumber harvest. This effectively utilizes the rich nutrients in perilla stalks to increase soil fertility, improve organic matter content, enhance soil structure, strengthen plant growth, and effectively control cucumber downy mildew, thereby increasing cucumber yield and quality. Simultaneously, it also solves the problems of resource waste caused by improper disposal and indiscriminate discarding of perilla stalks, while burning them generates large amounts of pollutants and harms air quality.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] The first objective of this invention is to provide a method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation using perilla straw as filling material, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) After the autumn crop of greenhouse cucumbers in northern regions is harvested, the field should be cleaned up promptly;

[0008] 2) Apply base fertilizer to the soil, then mix the crushed perilla straw at a rate of 200-400 kg / 667 m². 2 After spreading the amount of perilla straw evenly on the soil surface, rotary tillage is carried out to ensure that the perilla straw is evenly filled into the soil.

[0009] 3) Wet the soil with clean water and seal the greenhouse for overwintering;

[0010] 4) The following year, when the soil thaws to a depth of 20-25 cm, a second rotary tillage is carried out. In conjunction with the rotary tillage, fertilizer is applied, and Bacillus subtilis inoculant is sprayed evenly onto the soil.

[0011] 5) Land preparation, ridge making, cucumber planting, and field management are the same as usual.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the base fertilizer in step 2) is commercial granular organic fertilizer and Aijia No. 3 bio-fertilizer, and the dosage of both organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer is 40-80 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the perilla stalk in step 2) does not exceed 5 cm.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer mentioned in step 4) is diammonium hydrogen phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, both used at a dosage of 20-25 kg / 667 m³. 2 .

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the effective bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant in step 4) is 4 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of Bacillus subtilis inoculant used in step 4) is 200-300 g / 667 m³. 2 .

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the Bacillus subtilis inoculant in step 4) is diluted by a factor of 400 to 600.

[0018] The second objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned method in the prevention and control of downy mildew in greenhouse cucumbers.

[0019] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-described method in increasing the yield of greenhouse cucumbers.

[0020] A fourth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-described method in improving the quality of greenhouse cucumbers.

[0021] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-described method in improving greenhouse soil.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] The method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation using perilla straw filling provided by this invention can effectively control cucumber downy mildew, with a control efficacy of 38.5%–51.6%, and delay the occurrence of downy mildew by 5–7 days compared to the control group without perilla straw filling. Compared to the control group, the method provided by this invention significantly increases the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and chlorophyll content in the leaves, promoting photosynthesis in cucumber plants. It also significantly increases the activity of soil-related enzymes (soil urease, soil sucrase, and soil phosphatase) and the content of soil nutrients (organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) in the rhizosphere, improving the soil environment and thus enhancing the disease resistance of cucumber plants and promoting cucumber growth. Compared to the control group, the method provided by this invention increases cucumber yield by 12.1%–26.0%, and also improves the nutritional quality of greenhouse cucumbers (soluble sugar content increases by 113.9%–163.2%, and vitamin C content increases by 7.1%–10.0%).

[0024] This invention effectively controls downy mildew in greenhouse cucumbers by rationally filling the soil with perilla stalks, promotes cucumber growth, improves its internal nutritional quality, and improves the soil environment, providing effective technical support for the ecological cultivation of greenhouse cucumbers. It also solves the problems of resource waste caused by improper handling and random discarding of perilla stalks, and the large amount of pollutants and air pollution caused by burning them. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The embodiments described in this invention are not all embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods. The fertilizers, reagents and instruments used are conventional fertilizers, reagents and instruments in the art, which can be obtained by those skilled in the art through commercial channels.

[0027] The organic fertilizer used in this invention is commercial granular organic fertilizer, purchased from Harbin Baidu Technology Development Co., Ltd.; the bio-fertilizer used is Aijia No. 3 bio-fertilizer, purchased from Harbin Aijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] The determination method involved in this invention is as follows:

[0029] a. Determination of the effectiveness of downy mildew control

[0030] Downy mildew is graded into levels 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Level 0 leaves have no lesions; Level 1 leaves have lesions covering less than 5% of the leaf area; Level 3 leaves have lesions covering 6% to 10% of the leaf area; Level 5 leaves have lesions covering 11% to 25% of the leaf area; Level 7 leaves have lesions covering 26% to 50% of the leaf area; and Level 9 leaves have lesions covering more than 50% of the leaf area.

[0031] Disease Index (DI) Measurement: Disease Index (DI) = ∑(Disease grade value × Number of leaves at that disease grade) / (Highest disease grade value × Number of leaves surveyed) × 100

[0032] Control efficacy of downy mildew (%) = (Control disease index - Treatment disease index) / Control disease index × 100%.

[0033] b. Determination of cucumber fruit quality

[0034] The soluble sugar content was determined by the anthrone colorimetric method, and the vitamin C content was determined by the molybdenum blue colorimetric method.

[0035] c. Determination of photosynthetic indices in cucumber leaves

[0036] Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration were measured using a portable photosynthetic rate meter; chlorophyll content was measured using spectrophotometry.

[0037] d. Determination of soil indicators

[0038] Soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen content were determined using a soil nutrient rapid analyzer; soil phosphatase activity was determined using the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method; sucrase activity was determined using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method; and urease activity was determined using the sodium phenolate colorimetric method.

[0039] Example 1: A method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation using perilla straw as filling material.

[0040] (1) After the autumn crop of greenhouse cucumbers in northern China is harvested, the garden should be cleaned up in a timely manner;

[0041] (2) After the perilla harvest, collect the waste straw and crush it. The crushed length is ≤5cm.

[0042] (3) Combine with the application of base fertilizer (40kg / 667m³ of commercial granular organic fertilizer) 2 +Aiga No. 3 Bio-fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2The crushed perilla stalks were then processed at a ratio of 200 kg / 667 m³. 2 After spreading the amount of perilla straw evenly on the soil surface, rotary tillage is carried out to ensure that the perilla straw is evenly filled into the soil.

[0043] (4) After filling with perilla straw, wet the soil with clean water and seal the greenhouse for overwintering;

[0044] (5) The following year, after the soil thaws to a depth of 20 cm, a second rotary tillage is carried out. During the rotary tillage, fertilizers (diammonium hydrogen phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, 20 kg each per 667 m²) are applied as usual. 2 At the same time, the soil is evenly sprayed with Bacillus subtilis agent (effective bacterial concentration of 4×10⁻⁶). 10 CFU / g), dosage 250g / 667m 2 The dilution factor is 500 times;

[0045] (6) Land preparation, seedbed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

[0046] Example 2: A method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation using perilla straw as filling material.

[0047] (1) After the autumn crop of greenhouse cucumbers in northern China is harvested, the garden should be cleaned up in a timely manner;

[0048] (2) After the perilla harvest, collect the waste straw and crush it. The crushed length is ≤5cm.

[0049] (3) Combine with the application of base fertilizer (40kg / 667m³ of commercial granular organic fertilizer) 2 +Aiga No. 3 Bio-fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 The crushed perilla stalks were then processed at a ratio of 400 kg / 667 m³. 2 After spreading the amount of perilla straw evenly on the soil surface, rotary tillage is carried out to ensure that the perilla straw is evenly filled into the soil.

[0050] (4) After filling with perilla straw, wet the soil with clean water and seal the greenhouse for overwintering;

[0051] (5) The following year, after the soil thaws to a depth of 20 cm, a second rotary tillage is carried out. During the rotary tillage, fertilizers (diammonium hydrogen phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, 20 kg each per 667 m²) are applied as usual. 2 At the same time, the soil is evenly sprayed with Bacillus subtilis agent (effective bacterial concentration of 4×10⁻⁶). 10 CFU / g), dosage 250g / 667m 2 The dilution factor is 500 times;

[0052] (6) Land preparation, seedbed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

[0053] Comparative example:

[0054] The difference between this comparative example and the embodiment is that perilla stalks are not added. The specific planting method is as follows:

[0055] (1) After the autumn crop of greenhouse cucumbers in northern China is harvested, the garden should be cleaned up in a timely manner;

[0056] (2) Apply base fertilizer (40 kg / 667 m³ of commercial granular organic fertilizer) to the soil. 2 +Aiga No. 3 Bio-fertilizer 40kg / 667m 2 );

[0057] (3) Wet the soil with clean water and seal the greenhouse for overwintering;

[0058] (4) The following year, after the soil thaws to a depth of 20 cm, a second rotary tillage is carried out. During the rotary tillage, fertilizers (diammonium hydrogen phosphate and agricultural potassium sulfate, 20 kg each per 667 m²) are applied as usual. 2 At the same time, the soil is evenly sprayed with Bacillus subtilis agent (effective bacterial concentration of 4×10⁻⁶). 10 CFU / g), dosage 250g / 667m 2 The dilution factor is 500 times;

[0059] (5) Land preparation, seedbed making, cucumber planting and field management are the same as usual.

[0060] To investigate the effects of the perilla straw filling method for greenhouse cucumber cultivation provided by this invention on the control efficacy against cucumber downy mildew, cucumber yield and quality, and soil quality, the control efficacy (control effect, number of days of delayed onset), cucumber yield (yield and yield increase rate), cucumber quality (fruit soluble sugar content, fruit vitamin C content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll content), and soil indicators (organic matter content, ammonium nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, soil urease activity, soil sucrase activity, and soil phosphatase activity) of the methods described in Examples 1, 2, and the comparative examples were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1 shows the results of downy mildew control efficacy, cucumber yield and quality, and soil quality measurements for the examples and comparative methods.

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] As shown in Table 1, the method of using perilla straw as filler for greenhouse cucumber cultivation provided by this invention can effectively control cucumber downy mildew, with a control efficacy of 38.5%–51.6%. It also delays the occurrence of downy mildew by 5–7 days compared to the control group without perilla straw filler. Compared to the control group, the method provided by this invention significantly increases the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and chlorophyll content in the leaves, promoting cucumber plant photosynthesis. It also significantly increases the activity of soil-related enzymes (soil urease, soil sucrase, and soil phosphatase) and the content of soil nutrients (organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium), improving the soil environment and thus enhancing the disease resistance of cucumber plants and promoting cucumber growth. Compared to the control group, the method provided by this invention increases cucumber yield by 12.1%–26.0%. At the same time, it also improved the nutritional quality of greenhouse cucumbers (soluble sugar content increased by 113.9% to 163.2%, and vitamin C content increased by 7.1% to 10.0%).

[0065] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for filling and preventing cucumber downy mildew in a greenhouse by using perilla straw, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: 1) After the end of the harvest of the northern fall crop greenhouse cucumber, promptly clean the garden; 2) spread base fertilizer to the soil, then spread the crushed perilla straw to the soil surface at a dosage of 200-400 kg / 667 m 2 after rotary tillage to make the perilla straw evenly filled into the soil; 3) Wet the soil with clean water and close the greenhouse over winter; 4) The next year, when the soil is frozen to a depth of 20-25 cm, perform a second rotary tillage, combine rotary tillage with the application of chemical fertilizers, and simultaneously uniformly spray the soil with Bacillus subtilis bacterial agent; 5) Ploughing, cucumber planting, and field management are the same as usual.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step 2) the base fertilizer is commercial granular organic fertilizer and Aiga No. 3 biological fertilizer, the amount of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer is 40-80 kg / 667m 2 .

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step 2) The length of the perilla straw is not more than 5 cm.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step 4) the chemical fertilizer is hydrogen phosphate diamine and agricultural potassium sulfate, and the amount is 20-25 kg / 667 m 2 .

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step 4) the effective bacteria concentration of the Bacillus subtilis microbial agent is 4 x 10 10 CFU / g.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step 4) the use amount of the Bacillus subtilis microbial agent is 200-300 g / 667 m 2 , and the dilution multiple is 400-600 times.

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