Method for efficiently and rapidly manufacturing plant herbarium specimens

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of specimen manufacturing, and particularly discloses a method for efficiently and quickly manufacturing a plant wax leaf specimen, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting plants, and treating to obtain a specimen material; s2, taking a lower clamping plate of the specimen holder as a bottom plate, sequentially laying corrugated paper, hemp paper and specimen materials from bottom to top, taking the hemp paper and the corrugated paper as a pressing foundation, repeating the operation, placing an upper clamping plate of the specimen holder on the uppermost layer after all the specimen materials are pressed, and fixing to obtain a specimen body; and S3, blowing and drying the obtained specimen body at 45 + / -3 DEG C for 4-7 hours, then changing paper, shaping, blowing and drying at 35 + / -3 DEG C, and shaping and drying the specimen after 2-4 days to obtain the plant wax leaf specimen. The method has the advantages that the quality of the plant wax leaf specimen is improved, and specimen manufacturing time and steps are shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of specimen preparation, and more specifically, to a method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens. Background Art

[0002] Plant specimens have physical functions, information functions and demonstration functions. They are highly conceptual, practical and intuitive. A certain number of original plant specimens are needed in teaching to create a real and intuitive learning environment for students. Herbarium specimens, also known as pressed specimens, are the most intuitive teaching materials in science and teaching. They can not only reflect the morphological characteristics of plants, but also reflect the ecological environment and geographical distribution of plant growth. By observing and comparing herbarium specimens of different plants, students can more intuitively understand the morphology, structure, classification and other characteristics of plants, and deepen their knowledge and understanding of botany; especially due to seasonal and regional restrictions, some plants cannot be directly observed by students at specific times and places, and herbarium specimens make up for seasonal and regional restrictions, and different types of plants can be observed and studied at any time.

[0003] The flatness and color of herbarium specimens are of great significance in the fields of plant teaching, scientific research, etc. A flat specimen can maintain the original morphology and structural characteristics of the plant, allowing the observer to clearly see the morphology and structure of the plant leaves, flowers, fruits and other parts, which is of great significance for plant classification, identification and teaching. Moreover, a flat herbarium specimen is not easy to deform or break, and can maintain its original morphology and structural characteristics for a long time. The color of herbarium specimens can reflect the true color characteristics of the plant, and plant color is one of its important identification characteristics. Herbarium specimens with good color can maintain the original color and gloss of the plant, and can judge the herbarium specimens more accurately.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the specimen quality while shortening the specimen preparation time and steps is of great significance for the preparation of herbarium specimens. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the quality of plant herbarium specimens while shortening the specimen preparation time and steps, the present application provides a method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens.

[0006] The present application provides a method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens, using the following technical solutions: A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens comprises the following steps: S1. Collect herbaceous and woody plants and process them to obtain specimen materials; S2. Using the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp as the bottom plate, lay corrugated paper, hemp paper, specimen material, hemp paper, and corrugated paper in order from bottom to top as a pressing base. Repeat the above operation. After all specimen materials are pressed, place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the top layer and fix it to obtain the specimen body. S3. First, air-dry the obtained specimen at 45±3℃ for 4-7h, then change the paper, shape it, and air-dry it at 35±3℃. After 2-4d, the specimen is shaped and dried to obtain the plant wax leaf specimen.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present application uses a combination of corrugated paper and hemp paper when compressing specimens. Hemp paper, as absorbent paper, helps to absorb excess moisture and maintain the shape of the specimens, and the hemp paper can be reused; and the corrugated ripples on the corrugated paper, which are similar to the state of an arch door, are arranged in a row and support each other to form a triangular structure, which has good mechanical strength, can withstand a certain pressure on the plane, and is elastic and has a certain buffering effect, which is more conducive to specimen compression. More importantly, the corrugated ripples allow the specimens to be ventilated and dried during subsequent compression. The heated air passes through the corrugated paperboard in the direction of the holes formed by the corrugated paperboard with plants in the paperboard to transfer heat to the corrugated paperboard in a convection manner, and takes away the water evaporated by the plants in the paperboard, thereby achieving drying of the specimen plants. Finally, through the regulation of the ventilation and drying temperature system, the temperature in the first stage is relatively high, which can not only keep the chlorophyll in the plant stable and help maintain the original color of the specimen, but also the high temperature helps to quickly remove a large amount of water in the specimen to shorten the drying time. The rapid evaporation of water helps to reduce the discoloration and corruption caused by water retention inside the plant specimen, thereby maintaining the color and flatness of the specimen and playing a role in softening and fixing the color; and then continue to dry at a low temperature, which helps to maintain the color and flatness of the specimen. By drying at a lower temperature and for a longer time, it can ensure that the specimen is dried slowly and evenly, which helps to maintain the color. Finally, in this application, through the laying method of corrugated paper and hemp paper and multiple paper changes and cyclic drying The drying process helps to maintain the flatness of the specimen and ensures that the specimen will not deform or have an odor during the drying process. Combined with the control of drying temperature and time, the natural color of the specimen can be maintained to a greater extent, and on this basis, the time for making wax leaf specimens can be significantly shortened. Compared with the prior art, which requires changing paper more than 6 times and requires more than 6 days to make wax leaf specimens, the system in this application reduces the number of paper changes and completes the preparation of wax leaf specimens in 2-4 days. Herbs can be completed in 2-3 days, and plants with thicker leaves can be completed in 3-4 days. The efficiency of wax leaf specimen preparation is significantly improved, the cycle is shortened, and the flatness and color of the wax leaf specimens are significantly improved, thereby improving the quality and production efficiency at the same time.

[0008] Optionally, during the blow drying at 35±3° C. in step S3 , the paper is changed once a day.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, in this application, a specific drying temperature system is used to start the treatment at 45°C, and when it is subsequently dried at 35°C, it only needs to change the paper once a day, which reduces the number of paper changes and shortens the specimen preparation time. The prepared specimens have better color and flatness.

[0010] Optionally, the specific operation of step S3 is to first blow dry at 45°C for 6 hours, then change the paper, shape, and blow dry at 35°C, during which the paper is changed every 24 hours, and the specimen is shaped and dried after 3 days.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution and the above system, the preparation time of the wax leaf specimens can be significantly shortened, and the prepared wax leaf specimens have better color and flatness.

[0012] Optionally, the specific operation of step S2 is: place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp, then lay 3-4 sheets of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, then place the plant specimen material on the hemp paper, then cover the specimen material with 3-4 sheets of hemp paper, and then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper, repeat the above operation until all the specimen materials are pressed, and finally place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the corrugated cardboard, and fix the specimen clamp with a strap.

[0013] Optionally, the hemp paper is made from hemp paper hand-fished in Zaoshui using paper mulberry bark as raw material.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, the hemp paper in this application selects the hemp paper made by hand using paper bark in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province as raw material, collects the paper bark and cuts out paper by drying, adding lime, soaking in bleaching, scooping, pressing and wall-sticking processes, and then hammering and hammering. The obtained hemp paper has better flexibility and elasticity, so that the specimen material can be better fitted, ensuring that the specimen can be evenly stressed during the pressing process, avoiding deformation or wrinkling of the specimen due to uneven stress, and the flexible hemp paper can better wrap and protect the fragile parts of the specimen such as petals and leaf edges, avoiding damage during the pressing and drying process, thereby maintaining the integrity and flatness of the specimen, and the texture of the hemp paper is soft and highly absorbent, and can more effectively absorb the moisture on the surface of the specimen while reducing the damage and loss of the pigment in the specimen, which helps to maintain the original color of the specimen. Moreover, the hemp paper is flexible, wear-resistant, and highly elastic, and can be used repeatedly.

[0015] Optionally, the specific operation of step S1 is: after collecting the plants, they are also cleaned and soil, insect eggs and impurities on the plants are wiped off to keep them in a natural state.

[0016] Optionally, when collecting plants, for woody plants, select branches with intact leaves and some old branches from normal and healthy plants with flowers or fruits; The whole plant of the herb is collected, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits.

[0017] Optionally, the specimen material obtained in step S1 is first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at a temperature of 70-80°C, and after immersion for 60-90s, an aspartic acid solution is added, and then the immersion is continued. When the specimen material returns to its original color, it is immersed in clean water, taken out, and then treated with hemp paper to absorb water before entering step S2.

[0018] Optionally, the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:(4-5), wherein the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to glacial acetic acid with a mass concentration of 50% to obtain a saturated copper acetate solution; The aspartic acid solution is an aspartic acid solution with a mass concentration of 20-30%, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 8-15wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0019] By adopting the above technical scheme, the specimen material in the present application is first placed in a copper acetate treatment solution for immersion treatment. In the copper acetate system, copper is used to replace the magnesium element in the chlorophyll molecules, forming chlorophyll molecules with copper as the core, which are more stable and not easy to decompose and destroy. In this way, the long-term color stability of the wax leaf specimens is further improved. After the specimen material is immersed in the copper acetate treatment solution for a period of time, an aspartic acid solution is added to the treatment. Aspartic acid and magnesium ions are more easily complexed, thereby promoting the complexation of the replaced dissolved magnesium element with aspartic acid, reducing the concentration of free magnesium ions in the solution, and promoting the copper ions in the treatment solution to further form a stable structure with the chlorophyll molecules, further improving its color retention performance.

[0020] Optionally, aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the amount of aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) added is 3-5wt% of the amount of aspartic acid added.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, aminotri(methylene)phosphoric acid, as an organic phosphoric acid compound, can form a stable complex with magnesium ions, and shows a tendency to complex with magnesium ions between magnesium ions and copper ions, thereby affecting the substitution equilibrium between magnesium and copper ions, making the reaction equilibrium proceed in the direction of forming copper atoms, thereby promoting copper to replace magnesium to form a more stable structure with chlorophyll, thereby improving its color retention ability.

[0022] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this application, the laying method of corrugated paper and hemp paper, multiple paper changes and cyclic drying processes help maintain the flatness of the specimen, ensure that the specimen will not deform or have odor during the drying process, and the control of drying temperature and time can maintain the natural color of the specimen to a greater extent, and on this basis, significantly shorten the time for making wax leaf specimens. Compared with the prior art, which requires more than 6 paper changes and takes more than 6 days to make wax leaf specimens, the system in this application reduces the number of paper changes, and completes the wax leaf specimen production in 2-4 days, improves the efficiency of wax leaf specimen production, shortens the cycle, and significantly improves the flatness and color of the wax leaf specimens, thereby improving the quality and production efficiency; 2. The hemp paper in the present application is handmade hemp paper made from mulberry bark in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. The mulberry bark is collected and then dried, added with lime, soaked and bleached, scooped, pressed and dried, and pasted to the wall before being steamed and hammered to cut into paper. The obtained hemp paper has better flexibility and elasticity, so that it can better fit the specimen material, ensuring that the specimen can be evenly stressed during the pressing process, avoiding deformation or wrinkling of the specimen due to uneven stress, and the flexible hemp paper can better wrap and protect the fragile parts of the specimen such as petals and leaf edges, avoiding damage during the pressing and drying process, thereby maintaining the integrity and flatness of the specimen, and the hemp paper is soft and absorbent, which can more effectively absorb moisture on the surface of the specimen while reducing damage and loss of pigments in the specimen, helping to maintain the original color of the specimen, and the hemp paper is flexible, wear-resistant, highly elastic, and can be used repeatedly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The compressed specimen material is obtained by compressing the 9 specimens obtained in step S2 of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 The specimen material obtained in step S1 of the method in Example 1 is obtained by using Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia latifolia and Chrysanthemum as plants in this application; Figure 3 It is a photograph of the state of Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia latifolia and Chrysanthemum after being air-dried at 45° C. for 6 hours in step S3 of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 4 It is a photograph of the state of Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia latifolia and Chrysanthemum after being air-dried at 35° C. for 24 hours in step S3 of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 5 It is a photograph of the state of Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia latifolia and Chrysanthemum after being air-dried at 35° C. for 48 hours in step S3 of Example 1 of the present application; Figure 6 This is a photograph of the status of broad-leaved Mahonia and chrysanthemum on the third day of air drying at 35° C. in step S3 of Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It is particularly noted that if no specific conditions are specified in the following examples, the experiments are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following examples can be obtained from common commercial sources.

[0025] The plants used in making the herbarium specimens provided in the present application can be woody plants or herbaceous plants. For woody plants, normal and healthy growing plants with flowers or fruits and complete branches with leaves and some old branches are often taken to keep the specimens neat and tidy, while for herbaceous plants, the whole plant is collected, and the roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits must be complete.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens comprises the following steps: S1. Plant collection: First, perform preliminary sorting. Cut off the extra branches, leaves, flowers and fruits according to the size of the specimen folder, keep 3-5 flowers and fruits, and keep small sections of flowers, fruits and leaf stalks to show their growth conditions. After classifying and sorting the plants, clean and wipe off the dirt, insect eggs and other impurities on the plants to keep them in a natural state. After preliminary pruning, arrange the plants on hemp paper, keep the flowers and leaves flat, the leaves cannot be wrinkled or overlapped, and a leaf is placed on the back. The flowers, fruits and stems should have different observation sides as much as possible. If the herbs and vines are too long, they can be folded once or twice to form a "V", "N" or "W" shape, so that the hemp paper is not exposed, and the specimen material is obtained; S2, place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp, then lay 3 pieces of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, then place the plant specimen material sorted in step S1 on the hemp paper, then cover the specimen material with 3 pieces of hemp paper, and then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper. The above operation is the basis for pressing one specimen material. Repeat the above operation to achieve the pressing of 9 specimen materials. Figure 1 , finally, place the upper clamp of the specimen clamp on the corrugated cardboard and fix the specimen clamp with a strap; Among them, the hemp paper is made from the bark of the mulberry tree in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. The bark is collected and dried, limed, soaked, bleached, scooped, pressed, and pasted on the wall. The paper is then steamed, hammered, and cut into paper. S3. The obtained specimens were first dried at 45℃ for 6h, then the paper was changed, shaped, and dried at 35℃. The paper was changed every 24h. After 3d (days), the specimens were shaped and dried to obtain plant wax leaf specimens. Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia latifolia and Chrysanthemum were used as specimen materials. The state diagrams after baking with the above parameters are as follows: Figure 2-6 shown.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens comprises the following steps: S1. Plant collection: First, perform preliminary sorting. Cut off the extra branches, leaves, flowers and fruits according to the size of the specimen folder, keep 3-5 flowers and fruits, and keep small sections of flowers, fruits and leaf stalks to show their growth conditions. After classifying and sorting the plants, clean and wipe off the dirt, insect eggs and other impurities on the plants to keep them in a natural state. After preliminary pruning, arrange the plants on hemp paper, keep the flowers and leaves flat, the leaves cannot be wrinkled or overlapped, and a leaf is placed on the back. The flowers, fruits and stems should have different observation sides as much as possible. If the herbs and vines are too long, they can be folded once or twice to form a "V", "N" or "W" shape, so that the hemp paper is not exposed, and the specimen material is obtained; S2, placing a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp, and then laying 3 sheets of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, and then placing the plant specimen material arranged in step S1 on the hemp paper, and then covering the specimen material with 3 sheets of hemp paper, and then pressing the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper, the above operation is the basis for pressing one specimen material, repeating the above operation, after achieving the pressing of 8 specimen materials, finally placing the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the corrugated cardboard, and fixing the specimen clamp with a binding tape; Among them, the hemp paper is made from the bark of the mulberry tree in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. The bark is collected and dried, limed, soaked, bleached, scooped, pressed, and pasted on the wall. The paper is then steamed, hammered, and cut into paper. S3. The obtained specimen is first blow-dried at 42°C for 7 hours, and then the paper is changed, shaped, and blow-dried at 32°C. During this period, the paper is changed every 24 hours. After 4 days, the specimen is shaped and dried to obtain the plant wax leaf specimen.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens comprises the following steps: S1. Plant collection: First, perform preliminary sorting. Cut off the extra branches, leaves, flowers and fruits according to the size of the specimen folder, keep 3-5 flowers and fruits, and keep small sections of flowers, fruits and leaf stalks to show their growth conditions. After classifying and sorting the plants, clean and wipe off the dirt, insect eggs and other impurities on the plants to keep them in a natural state. After preliminary pruning, arrange the plants on hemp paper, keep the flowers and leaves flat, the leaves cannot be wrinkled or overlapped, and a leaf is placed on the back. The flowers, fruits and stems should have different observation sides as much as possible. If the herbs and vines are too long, they can be folded once or twice to form a "V", "N" or "W" shape, so that the hemp paper is not exposed, and the specimen material is obtained; S2, placing a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp, and then laying 4 sheets of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, and then placing the plant specimen material sorted in step S1 on the hemp paper, and then covering the specimen material with 4 sheets of hemp paper, and then pressing the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper. The above operation is the basis for pressing one specimen material. Repeat the above operation to achieve the pressing of 9 specimen materials, and finally place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the corrugated cardboard, and fix the specimen clamp with a strap; Among them, the hemp paper is made from the bark of the mulberry tree in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. The bark is collected and dried, limed, soaked, bleached, scooped, pressed, and pasted on the wall. The paper is then steamed, hammered, and cut into paper. S3. The obtained specimen is first blow-dried at 48°C for 4 hours, and then the paper is changed, shaped, and blow-dried at 38°C. During this period, the paper is changed every 24 hours. After 3 days, the specimen is shaped and dried to obtain the plant wax leaf specimen.

[0032] Example 4

[0033] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing a wax leaf specimen of a plant is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that the specimen material obtained in step S1 is first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at a soaking temperature of 75°C, an aspartic acid solution is added after immersion for 80 seconds, and then the immersion is continued, and when the specimen material is in its original color, it is immersed in clean water, taken out, and then treated with hemp paper for water absorption before entering step S2, wherein the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:4.5, wherein the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to glacial acetic acid with a mass concentration of 50% to saturate the copper acetate solution; The aspartic acid solution is an aspartic acid solution with a mass concentration of 25%, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 12wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0034] Example 5

[0035] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing a plant wax leaf specimen is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that the specimen material obtained in step S1 is first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at a soaking temperature of 70°C, an aspartic acid solution is added after immersion for 90 seconds, and then the immersion is continued, and when the specimen material is in its original color, it is immersed in clean water, taken out, and then treated with hemp paper for water absorption before entering step S2, wherein the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:4, wherein the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to glacial acetic acid with a mass concentration of 50% to saturate the copper acetate solution; The aspartic acid solution is an aspartic acid solution with a mass concentration of 20%, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 8wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0036] Example 6

[0037] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing a plant wax leaf specimen is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that the specimen material obtained in step S1 is first placed in a copper acetate treatment solution for immersion at a immersion temperature of 80° C. After immersion for 60 seconds, an aspartic acid solution is added, and then the immersion is continued. When the specimen material is in its original color, it is placed in clean water for immersion, taken out, and then subjected to a hemp paper water absorption treatment before entering step S2, wherein the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:5, wherein the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to glacial acetic acid with a mass concentration of 50% to saturate the copper acetate solution; The aspartic acid solution is an aspartic acid solution with a mass concentration of 30%, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 15wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0038] Example 7

[0039] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 4, except that no aspartic acid solution is added.

[0040] Example 8

[0041] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant wax leaf specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 4, except that aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the amount of aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) added is 4wt% of the amount of aspartic acid added.

[0042] Example 9

[0043] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant wax leaf specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 4, except that aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the amount of aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) added is 3wt% of the amount of aspartic acid added.

[0044] Example 10

[0045] A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant wax leaf specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 4, except that aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the amount of aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) added is 5wt% of the amount of aspartic acid added.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant wax leaf specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that an equal amount of the hemp paper in step S2 is replaced by absorbent paper, more specifically filter paper.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant wax leaf specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that in step S3, the specimen sample is blow-dried at 45° C. for 6 days, the paper needs to be changed twice a day in the first two days, and once a day in the next three days.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant wax leaf specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that in step S3, the specimen sample is blow-dried at 35° C. for 7 days, the paper needs to be changed twice a day for the first three days, and once a day for the next four days.

[0049] Comparative Example 4 A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant wax leaf specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that in step S3, cold and hot air are alternately dried. More specifically, the specimens are first dried at 45° C. for 6 hours, the paper is changed, the specimens are shaped, and the specimens are dried at 15° C. for 20 minutes, and the drying cycle is repeated for 4 days.

[0050] Performance Testing First, the wax leaf specimens obtained in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present application are observed, and it can be seen that the wax leaf specimens obtained in the embodiments have good flatness, the leaves are pressed flat, the leaves are close to the specimen clamp and are evenly distributed between the parts, and the wax leaf specimens have no browning or discoloration, the leaf color is uniform, the color retention effect is high, and it is basically original color, while the flatness and color retention of the wax leaf specimen in comparative example 1 are lower than those in embodiment 1; combined with the wax leaf specimens obtained in comparative example 2, although the color is well preserved, black spots are occasionally seen, and the wax leaf specimens in comparative example 3 are not dried after 3 days of drying, and are dried after 7 days of treatment but black spots are occasionally seen, and the color retention effect is lower than that in embodiment 1, and the flatness in comparative example 4 is equivalent to that in embodiment 1, and the color retention effect is also good.

[0051] In order to more clearly compare the color preservation effects of the specimens obtained in the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples, the color difference values ​​of the wax leaf specimens in the embodiments of the present application and the comparative examples were statistically analyzed. Five points at different parts of the same leaf in the embodiments and comparative examples (the broad-leaved Euonymus plant) were respectively selected to measure their color values ​​using a colorimeter, and the average value was recorded. Five parts were selected to record their color values ​​respectively. Finally, the leaf whose color was closest to that before treatment among the five parts of the specimen leaf treated by the methods in the embodiments and comparative examples was selected, and the color values ​​of five points at different parts of the leaf were selected, and the average value was recorded. The color data of the above two stages were measured by a colorimeter to calculate the color difference value, which was expressed as ΔE. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0052] Table 1:

[0053] The smaller the color difference value, the smaller the color change, the closer it is to the color at the time of collection, and the better the color preservation effect.

[0054] Through the test results of Table 1 above, it can be seen that the wax leaf specimen prepared by the method in the embodiment of the present application has good color retention ability, excellent color and flatness and a shorter production cycle. Combining the test results of Example 1 with Examples 4-6 and Example 7, it can be seen that in Example 7, the color retention effect of the plant after first pre-treatment in a copper acetate treatment solution is improved compared with that in Example 1, and then combined with the treatment with aspartic acid, its color retention performance is further significantly improved. The color of the wax leaf specimen prepared in Example 4 is closer to the initial plant color. Combined with the test results of Examples 8-10, when aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) is also added to the aspartic acid solution, its color retention performance is further improved.

[0055] Referring to the test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that when hemp paper is used in the present application, its color retention performance is better than that of ordinary filter paper and absorbent paper. On the one hand, this is because the hemp paper with better toughness used in the present application can better fit the specimen material, and finally the flatness is better. The flat specimen can better maintain the original morphology and structural characteristics of the plant during the pressing and drying process, thereby reducing the loss and oxidation of the pigment. Therefore, the flat specimen can better maintain its color. Combined with the test results of Comparative Examples 2 and 3, when a single system is used for drying, its color is reduced, and the alternating hot and cold drying system in Comparative Example 4, although its color is similar, its production cycle is longer.

[0056] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect herbaceous and woody plants and process them to obtain specimen materials; S2. Using the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp as the bottom plate, lay corrugated paper, hemp paper, specimen material, hemp paper, and corrugated paper in order from bottom to top as a pressing base. Repeat the above operation. After all specimen materials are pressed, place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the top layer and fix it to obtain the specimen body. S3. First, air-dry the obtained specimen at 45±3℃ for 4-7h, then change the paper, shape it, and air-dry it at 35±3℃. After 2-4d, the specimen is shaped and dried to obtain the plant wax leaf specimen.

2. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: When drying with air at 35±3° C. in step S3 , the paper is changed once a day.

3. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of step S3 is to first blow dry at 45°C for 6 hours, then change the paper, shape, and blow dry at 35°C. During this period, the paper is changed every 24 hours, and the specimen is shaped and dried after 2-4 days.

4. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of step S2 is: place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp, then lay 3-4 sheets of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, then place the plant specimen material on the hemp paper, then cover the specimen material with 3-4 sheets of hemp paper, and then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper, repeat the above operation until all the specimen materials are pressed, and finally place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the corrugated cardboard, and fix the specimen clamp with a strap.

5. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hemp paper is made from the bark of paper mulberry tree and is obtained by hand-scooping paper in Zaoshui.

6. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of step S1 is: after collecting the plants, they are also cleaned and the soil, insect eggs and impurities on the plants are wiped off to keep them in a natural state.

7. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: When collecting plants, select normal and healthy growing plants, branches with flowers or fruits, complete leaves and some old branches; The whole plant of the herb is collected, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits.

8. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specimen material obtained in step S1 is first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at a temperature of 70-80°C. After immersion for 60-90 seconds, an aspartic acid solution is added, and then the immersion is continued. When the specimen material returns to its original color, it is immersed in clean water, taken out, and then treated with hemp paper to absorb water before entering step S2.

9. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 8, characterized in that: The copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:(4-5), wherein the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to glacial acetic acid with a mass concentration of 50% to obtain a saturated copper acetate solution; The aspartic acid solution is an aspartic acid solution with a mass concentration of 20-30%, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 8-15wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

10. The method for efficiently and quickly preparing plant herbarium specimens according to claim 8, characterized in that: Aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the amount of aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid added is 3-5wt% of the amount of aspartic acid added.

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