57 results about "Castanopsis hystrix" patented technology

The invention relates to a micropropagation method for castanopsis hystrix twigs. The micropropagation method comprises the following steps: conventionally accelerating germination of high-quality seeds of castanopsis hystrix of more than 20 years old, and transplanting into a container cup for seedling cultivation; transplanting seedlings capable of receiving complete illumination onto an elevated seedling culturing bed containing base materials in a plastic greenhouse for seedling cultivation; cutting tops to promote sprouting, collecting lateral shoots, and transplanting into a container cup containing base materials in a cuttage way; and placing the container cup on the elevated seedling culturing bed in the plastic greenhouse for seedling cultivation to obtain container cuttage seedlings of castanopsis hystrix. By adopting the elevated seedling culturing bed and the seedling culturing base materials taking yellow soil as the main part to plant parent seedlings, water and nutrition conditions can be favorably controlled, and high-quality cut shoots can be cultured; meanwhile, when an air temperature and humidity regulator of the plastic greenhouse is used to strictly control the relative humidity and temperature of the air in the seedling culturing bed, the cuttage survival rate of castanopsis hystrix reaches more than 90-97%, and each parent seedling can produce 20-40 shoots. The method for culturing cuttage seedlings of castanopsis hystrix is convenient to operate, has low production cost, and can be used for rapidly culturing a large amount of high-quality asexual seedlings for forest planting, thereby having favorable market application prospects.

The invention discloses an uneven-aged mixed plantation method of pine trees and broad-leaved trees. Suitable mixed plantation trees are selected at places where plants do not survive in a pure pine tree forest according to different site conditions; 1 to 3 types of mixed plantation tree seedlings are randomly planted according to a certain ratio. According to the method provided by the invention, the suitable trees with relatively high economic value are subjected to mixed plantation through utilizing a natural law that part of the plants do not survive in a pine tree forest growth process, and protection and acceleration effects on the broad-leaved trees of the pine trees are expressed, so that the planting survival rate of the broad-leaved trees under the different site conditions can be improved, and the forestation effect of a mixed plantation forest is remarkably improved; the forestation cost of the mixed plantation forest is reduced and the forestation time of the mixed plantation forest is shortened. Practice shows that a masson pine pure forest can be effectively modified into the mixed plantation forest, and the mixed plantation trees adaptive to a masson pine planting region can be selected from castanopsis hystrix, erythrophloeum ferdii, castanopsis fissa and the like. Therefore, the method has relatively strong practicability and operability, has a good popularization and application prospect, and has relatively good economic benefits and ecological benefits.

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant tissue culture and discloses a Castanopsis hystrix high efficiency isolated culture plant regeneration method. Through explant treatment, basic medium design and optimization of different hormone types and a concentration level ratio, a Castanopsis hystrix select tree seed is used as an explant and is subjected to adventitious bud induction, bud propagation culture and rooting culture to form a complete plant. The invention discloses a Castanopsis hystrix tissue culture rooting seedling transplanting matrix and a management technology of a transplanted seedling. The method fills the blank of tissue culture rapid propagation of a Castanopsis hystrix select tree seed as an explant, provides a stable and efficient Castanopsis hystrix isolated culture plant regeneration method, can be industrialized, has a low production cost and can culture strong, tidy and uniform Castanopsis hystrix seedlings. Castanopsis hystrix belongs to precious tree species. At present, an afforestation area is large and a market high-quality nursery stock is deficient. The Castanopsis hystrix high efficiency isolated culture plant regeneration method can provide technical support and fine breeding guarantee for fast promotion of high-quality Castanopsis hystrix germplasm and improvement of Castanopsis hystrix artificial forest economic benefits and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses an improved method for great castanopsis hystrix tree high-position grafting. According to the method, the scion grafting is carried out from middle and late January to late February every year when the average daily temperature is raised to 15+/-3 DEG C, good-material castanopsis hystrix lignification branches are selected, wedge-shaped scions with 1 to 2 axillary buds are cut and taken, the scions are inserted into a cut of a stock so that at least one side of a forming layer of the stock and the scions is sufficiently anastomotic, in addition, the sealing binding is carried out on grafting parts, and finally, the high-position grafting process of great castanopsis hystrix trees is completed after the post-grafting management. The method provided by the invention is used for grafting the castanopsis hystrix and has the advantages that the culture period is short, the forming speed is high, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the grafting survival rate is higher than 90 percent.

The invention belongs to the technical fields of cutting orchards and cuttage of Castanopsis hystrix, and discloses a method for cutting orchard construction and cuttage of the Castanopsis hystrix. The method adopts a series of cutting orchard construction and cuttage breeding technologies like nursery land selection and soil preparation, stock plant height control in a cutting orchard, nutrient control and cutting scion selection, seedbed substrate requirements, cuttage treatment and cuttage management. The method provided by the invention solves current situations like large variation of Castanopsis hystrix seeds and seedlings, unstable sources and uneven quality of seeds, large differentiation and low yield of afforestation stands and difficulty in meeting the demands of production forhigh-quality seedlings of an improved Castanopsis hystrix variety, basically achieves the technical level of rapid breeding of the improved Castanopsis hystrix variety, has significant economic benefits, provides an effective way for asexual breeding of the improved Castanopsis hystrix variety, breaks through a plurality of disadvantages caused by pure dependence on seed sowing for seedling raising of the Castanopsis hystrix for a long time, forms simultaneous development of sexual and asexual breeding from improved variety breeding of the Castanopsis hystrix, and exerts good promotion and acceleration effects on research and development of selective breeding and breeding of the improved Castanopsis hystrix variety.

The invention discloses a method for soaking castanopsis hystrix seeds in running water. The method comprises the following steps: putting the castanopsis hystrix seeds in a basket with 1/3-5 of space unfilled, covering the basket, putting the basket in the running water beside a river or stream, fixing the basket with piles, continuously soaking the basket in the running water for 5-7 days, shaking the basket once or twice in the middle so that the drown pests flow away with water and killing and washing the pests through soaking in the running water, thus obtaining pure and healthy seeds. The method has the advantages that natural river or stream water is utilized to soak the seeds in the running water to drown the pests, so harmful pesticides are not used, the method is safe and environment-friendly, the water contents of the seeds are maintained and the seeds are prevented from getting hot and being easily rotted due to stack retting and the method has a fresh-keeping effect, saves cost and has great economic and social benefits.

The invention discloses a castanopsis hystrix pollen collecting and storing method for increasing the germination rate and improving the pollen viability. The method comprises the following steps that when male parent male flowers are in a transitional period of an early blooming period and a full blooming period, male parent male flower inflorescence is collected at 9:00-11:00 or 15:00-17:00; the male flower inflorescence is dried for 12-24 h in a sterile room at the temperature of 22 DEG C-28 DEG C under illumination of 80 W-160 W, when a large amount of anther blows out and a large amount of yellow pollen scatters during gentle shaking, drying is completed; the dried male flower inflorescence is screened with a pollen sieve, pollen is collected and contained in a container, an opening of the container is sealed, and the container is placed in an environment at the temperature of minue 60 DEG C-minus 100 DEG C or liquid nitrogen to be stored. Furthermore, when the pollen needs to be germinated, the stored pollen is placed in a liquid culture medium and can be germinated at the temperature of 25 DEG C-35 DEG C. Accordingly, a castanopsis hystrix pollen collecting, drying, storing and viability detecting system is formed for the first time, the method is simple, rapid and high in operability, the castanopsis hystrix pollen viability can be improved, and the manual cross pollination success rate of castanopsis hystrix can be increased.

The invention discloses a method for unshelling and extracting seeds of castanopsis hystrix fruits. The method comprises the following steps of: collecting fruits, piling and retting the fruits, unshelling and separating. The method is characterized in that castanopsis hystrix fruits are collected from trees and are placed into bags, drug is sprayed onto the bags, the bags are placed indoor and piled and retted for 4-8 days, after shells of part of fruits are naturally cracked, the fruit unshelling machine designed by the inventor is used for carrying out mechanical unshelling and extracting the seeds, pure castanopsis hystrix seeds are obtained, and large-scale sowing requirement is met. The method disclosed by the invention overcomes the defects of the traditional processing method that fruits with lower maturity are easy to be faded by sunlight and can not be cracked and seed yield is reduced as the fruits are dried for 2-3 days in the sun and the seeds are tapped after involucre is cracked in the traditional processing method; and the method disclosed by the invention also solves the technical problems that firstly dropped seeds are subjected to solarization in the sun and are easy to lose water and crack and germination rate is reduced, quality of the extracted seeds, the seed yield, the germination rate and working efficiency are improved, and advantages are created for rapidly propagating rare trees, thus the method disclosed by the invention has better economic benefit and social benefit.

The invention discloses a primer pair, a castanopsis hystrix SSR7 (Simple Sequence Repeat 7) marker and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, the total DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of castanopsis hystrix is subjected to PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification by using the specific primer pair HZ7, thereby obtaining the SSR7 marker. The method is simple and feasible and is simple and convenient in operation; shown by tests which are carried out in members of two natural castanopsis hystrix populations and among the members, the obtained SSR has relatively high polymorphism. The castanopsis hystrix SSR7 marker is a co-dominant marker; compared with other molecular markers, the SSR marker is good in repeatability and high in reliability, can be applied to the genetic diversity evaluation of castanopsis hystrix, the genetic map construction of castanopsis hystrix, the research on the spatial distribution pattern of the genetic variation of castanopsis hystrix population and the origination and evolution of castanopsis hystrix and the standardization of target genes, and can also be applied to the molecular marker assisted breeding and QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) research of castanopsis hystrix.

The invention discloses a primer pair, a castanopsis hystrix SSR5 (Simple Sequence Repeat 5) marker and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, the total DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of castanopsis hystrix is subjected to PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification by using the specific primer pair HZ5, thereby obtaining the SSR5 marker. The method is simple and feasible and is simple and convenient in operation; shown by tests which are carried out in members of two natural castanopsis hystrix populations and among the members, the obtained SSR has relatively high polymorphism. The castanopsis hystrix SSR5 marker is a co-dominant marker; compared with other molecular markers, the SSR marker is good in repeatability and high in reliability, can be applied to the genetic diversity evaluation of castanopsis hystrix, the genetic map construction of castanopsis hystrix, the research on the spatial distribution pattern of the genetic variation of castanopsis hystrix population and the origination and evolution of castanopsis hystrix and the standardization of target genes, and can also be applied to the molecular marker assisted breeding and QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) research of castanopsis hystrix.

The invention discloses a primer pair, a castanopsis hystrix SSR3 (Simple Sequence Repeat 3) marker and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, the total DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of castanopsis hystrix is subjected to PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification by using the specific primer pair HZ3, thereby obtaining the SSR3 marker. The method is simple and feasible and is simple and convenient in operation; shown by tests which are carried out in members of two natural castanopsis hystrix populations and among the members, the obtained SSR has relatively high polymorphism. The castanopsis hystrix SSR3 marker is a co-dominant marker; compared with other molecular markers, the SSR marker is good in repeatability and high in reliability, can be applied to the genetic diversity evaluation of castanopsis hystrix, the genetic map construction of castanopsis hystrix, the research on the spatial distribution pattern of the genetic variation of castanopsis hystrix population and the origination and evolution of castanopsis hystrix and the standardization of target genes, and can also be applied to the molecular marker assisted breeding and QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) research of castanopsis hystrix.

The invention relates to a castanopsis hystrix mushroom production processing method, which belongs to the field of mushroom type production processing. An environment-friendly retainer cup is sleeved in a castanopsis hystrix mushroom growth process, so that castanopsis hystrix mushrooms can grow in a non-parachate-opening manner, and the price of dried mushrooms growing in a non-parachate-opening manner is improved greatly compared with that of dried mushrooms growing in a parachate-opening manner; then the castanopsis hystrix mushrooms are subjected to harvesting, cup removal, drying and package. The method is easy to operate and effective; the quality of the castanopsis hystrix mushrooms is improved, mushrooms with high value are obtained, and the income of employees is promoted.

The invention discloses a construction method of a castanopsis hystrix rejuvenation cutting orchard and application thereof. According to the method, castanopsis hystrix seed bag seedlings serve as rootstocks, a selected excellent family serves as a scion source, rejuvenation of scions is kept through the technologies of bark grafting, high-strength top cutting, branch bending, subcutaneous rooting and the like, rapid propagation expanding can be achieved, the excellent clonal cutting orchard can be constructed, and a large number of high-quality scions can be provided, and are used for production and application in the aspects of subsequent cuttage, grafting, in-vitro culture and the like. According to the method, high-juvenile-state explants are provided for clonal propagation manners such as cuttage and tissue culture, and the survival rate is high; the current situations of developed main roots, few fibrous roots and low afforestation survival rate of seedlings at present are solved; and meanwhile, the current situation that the castanopsis hystrix fructification productivity and less production phenomenon exists and less-production seeds difficultly meet the requirements can also be quickly solved.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of castanopsis hystrix grafting, and discloses a castanopsis hystrix grafting method and system. The method comprises the steps of grafting time selection, stock selection, cuttings selection, grafting operation and post-grafting management. Cuttings having at least one spore are adopted by the scion for grafting, the castanopsis hystrix grafting survival rate can be obviously increased, and grafting efficiency is high. The castanopsis hystrix grafting is carried out at the end of December to the middle and last ten-day of January, namely 2-5 days before and after the Great Cold, the principle that branches are not yet germinated and bud eyes are plump is adopted, and the survival rate is effectively increased. The method has the characteristics that good germplasm materials of castanopsis hystrix are cultivated and preserved in a short period, shaping can be rapid, fructification can be carried out ahead of time, operation is simple, and cost is low, the survival rate according to the method reaches more than 70%, and the method is suitable for grafting of castanopsis hystrix nursery seedlings. Grafted seedlings are cultivated for establishing an improved variety cutting orchard and a clonal seed orchard. The method is an effective approach for exsitu-conservation and utilization of the good germplasm materials of castanopsis hystrix, and is an agroforestry genetic inheritance and improvement technology with extremely high practicability.

The invention discloses a method for carrying out colourimetry on castanopsis hystrix wood, which comprises the following steps of: (1) sampling: cutting out wood discs to form colourimetry samples, and air-drying to a constant weight state; (2) preparation of colourimetry boards: carrying out longitudinal chord cutting on the colourimetry samples to form colourimetry boards with a certain specification, and respectively taking a plurality of colourimetry boards from heartwood and sapwood; (3) preprocessing: polishing the colourimetry boards to make the surfaces of the colourimetry boards smooth; (4) color measurement: measuring Hunter indexes brightness 1*, chromaticity a* and chromaticity b* of wood colors of the colourimetry boards by a colourimetry color difference meter, and taking aplurality of points of each colourimetry board to carry out multi-point testing; and (5) wood color determination: determining an average value of Hunter indexes brightness 1*, chromaticity a* and chromaticity b* of wood colors of colourimetry points in each colourimetry board as a colourimetry board wood color, and determining an average value of the Hunter indexes brightness 1*, chromaticity a*and chromaticity b* of the wood colors of the colourimetry boards as a colourimetry sample wood color. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and practical to operate and low in requirement for color sensitivity of colourimetry personnel; and the colourimetry method is easy to master, stable in colourimetry result and small in error.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating the FD (Functional Dyspepsia) with a depression and anxiety state. In the traditional Chinese medicine, the FD generally belongs to the scopes of stomachache, distention and fullness of the traditional Chinese medicine according to the characteristics of symptoms of the FD, and the most common symptoms of the FD include spleen deficiency, qi stagnation, liver-stomach disharmony, liver stagnation and spleen deficiency. The traditional Chinese medicines, namely jasminum grandiflorum, begonia yunnanensis, cyperus michelianus, habenaria buchneroides, polyalthia nemoralis, cicerbita cyanea, castanopsis hystrix, flos mume, plagiopus oederi and rhodobryum roseum are selected and decocted into a decoction with water. Clinical tests show that the total effective rate of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation reaches 90% and is obviously superior to that of a control group.

A micro-cutting rapid breeding method for castanopsis hystrix seedlings is disclosed. The method includes inoculating a castanopsis hystrix seed to a germination culture medium, culturing to obtain a seedling, cutting the seedling into stem segments, inserting the stem segments into a micro-cutting culture medium, culturing until lateral buds occur, cutting the lateral buds into stem segments, inserting the stem segments into a fresh micro-cutting culture medium, culturing, cutting the obtained lateral buds into stem segments, inserting the stem segments into a rooting culture medium, and culturing until the stem segments root, thus preparing the castanopsis hystrix seedlings. The method is simple and feasible in process and high in breeding speed, overcomes the problem that castanopsis hystrix seeds are difficult to collect due to biennial bearing, achieves long-term large-scale rapid breeding of the castanopsis hystrix seedlings, can prepare high-quality castanopsis hystrix test-tube plantlets in a large-scale, rapid and continuous manner, and is high in practicality.

The invention discloses a primer pair, a castanopsis hystrix SSR4 (Simple Sequence Repeat 4) marker and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, the total DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of castanopsis hystrix is subjected to PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification by using the specific primer pair HZ4, thereby obtaining the SSR4 marker. The method is simple and feasible and is simple and convenient in operation; shown by tests which are carried out in members of two natural castanopsis hystrix populations and among the members, the obtained SSR has relatively high polymorphism. The castanopsis hystrix SSR4 marker is a co-dominant marker; compared with other molecular markers, the SSR marker is good in repeatability and high in reliability, can be applied to the genetic diversity evaluation of castanopsis hystrix, the genetic map construction of castanopsis hystrix, the research on the spatial distribution pattern of the genetic variation of castanopsis hystrix population and the origination and evolution of castanopsis hystrix and the standardization of target genes, and can also be applied to the molecular marker assisted breeding and QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) research of castanopsis hystrix.

The invention relates to a nutrient application method at the seedling stage of castanopsis hystrix and belongs to the technical field of applying fertilizer at the seedling stage of the castanopsis hystrix. The method includes the steps of 1), determining the nutrient NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) content of seedlings during transplanting of the castanopsis hystrix; 2), determining theNPK content of castanopsis hystrix seedlings out of nursery; 3), according to the difference of the nutrient NPK content of seedlings and NPK content of the castanopsis hystrix seedlings out of nursery, cultivating the amount of NPK needed for seedling growth; 4), distributing nutrients to each month according to an index fertilizer method in the nursery period; 5), according to the monthly dosage of NPK, preparing NPK fertilizer with ammonium nitrate HN4NO3, potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4 and potassium nitrate KNO3, that is, according to the calculated NPK content, preparing a solution; 7), according to the monthly nutrient content needed, preparing the solution for quantitative application. The nutrient application method is simple, efficient and highly practical.

The invention discloses a primer pair, a castanopsis hystrix SSR2 (Simple Sequence Repeat 2) marker and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, the total DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of castanopsis hystrix is subjected to PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification by using the specific primer pair HZ2, thereby obtaining the SSR2 marker. The method is simple and feasible and is simple and convenient in operation; shown by tests which are carried out in members of two natural castanopsis hystrix populations and among the members, the obtained SSR has relatively high polymorphism. The castanopsis hystrix SSR2 marker is a co-dominant marker; compared with other molecular markers, the SSR marker is good in repeatability and high in reliability, can be applied to the genetic diversity evaluation of castanopsis hystrix, the genetic map construction of castanopsis hystrix, the research on the spatial distribution pattern of the genetic variation of castanopsis hystrix population and the origination and evolution of castanopsis hystrix and the standardization of target genes, and can also be applied to the molecular marker assisted breeding and QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) research of castanopsis hystrix.

The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of castanopsis hystrix cutting orchards, and discloses a construction method and system for a castanopsis hystrix cutting orchard. The selected orchard building material is 1-year-old super seedlings cultivated by castanopsis hystrix excellent provenance seeds and plus tree seeds, the 1-year-old super seedlings are used as seedlings forbuilding the orchard, excellent genetic genes of mother plants can be retained to the maximum extent, the seeds are easy to germinate, the growth is quicker, the thicknesses of cuttings are moderate,the yield of the cuttings and the survival rate of cutting are greatly improved, 15-20 effective cuttings used for cutting (the cuttings can be taken for two times one year in autumn and winter and spring) can be produced every plant in a first year after the mother plants are planted, 30-40 effective cuttings can be produced every plant in a second year, and 80,000-100,000 cuttings can be produced every year per mu of the cutting orchard. The whole technology provided by the invention is easy to understand, and has strong operability, a good effect, greater transformation potentiality of technical achievements and broad application prospects; and the method has obvious economic benefits, and provides an effective way for improved-variety breeding of castanopsis hystrix.

The invention discloses a castanopsis hystrix tender branch tissue culture and propagation method which comprises the following procedures of explant selection, explant treatment, initial bud induction culture, multiplication culture, strong bud culture and rooting culture. Underyearling semi-lignified and robustly growing castanopsis hystrix tender branches are collected as explants, the explants are inoculated into an initial bud induction medium after being treated by trimming and sterilization and disinfection treatment to acquire initial buds, then the initial buds are inoculated into a proliferation medium to carry out proliferation culture for 3-4 cycles to form multiple bud clusters, the multiple bud clusters access to a strong bud medium to be cultured, and finally, single buds with height being larger than or equal to 2cm are inserted into a rooting medium to be induced to grow roots. According to the castanopsis hystrix tender branch tissue culture and propagation method, the castanopsis hystrix seedling cycle is shortened, a seedling material is saved, the problems that the amount of materials needed by seedling is more, the cycle is long and the like in the traditional seedling method are overcome, the production cost is greatly lowered, the production efficiency is improved, and the castanopsis hystrix tender branch tissue culture and propagation method has better economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.

The invention discloses a method for obtaining large-batch high-quality explants by a castanopsis hystrix branch bending and germination promoting technology and application thereof. The method comprises the steps of matrix treatment, pruning treatment, field planting, branch bending, soil covering, germination management and the like. According to the method, a branch bending and germination promoting mode suitable for castanopsis hystrix is established through experimental research on a bent branch culture medium, a branch pruning method before branch bending, a branch bending method and the like, the number and quality of the castanopsis hystrix explants can be remarkably improved, the problem that the number of high-quality castanopsis hystrix explants is insufficient can be effectively solved, and feasible theoretical basis and technical support can be provided for preparation of rejuvenized explants through vegetative propagation.

The invention discloses a disinfection method and tissue culture reproduction method for castanopsis hystrix explants. When the explants are seeds, the disinfection method comprises the steps that the seeds are soaked with boiling water, seed coats are removed, and then a mercuric chloride solution is utilized for soak disinfection; when the explants are stems, the disinfection method comprises the step that soaking with alcohol and soaking with the mercuric chloride solution are conducted in sequence for mercuric chloride solution. The tissue culture reproduction method comprises the steps that the castanopsis hystrix plants which grow robustly and are free of pest and disease damage and high in seed setting rate are selected, and seeds or stems are collected, disinfected by means of the above-mentioned disinfection methods and then inoculated onto an improved MS culture medium for tissue culture. According to the disinfection method and tissue culture reproduction method for the castanopsis hystrix explants, a castanopsis hystrix tissue culture explant disinfection system is established, the premise and guarantee are provided for further conducting series of research on castanopsis hystrix explant induction, propagation, rooting and the like, and the important and practical research and production significance in achieving large-scale seedling of optimum seeds and industrialization development is achieved.

The invention provides a castanopsis hystrix afforestation pruning method, and belongs to the technical field of garden management. The castanopsis hystrix afforestation pruning method comprises the steps that after afforestation is conducted for 4-5 years, pruning is conducted when the plant height of castanopsis hystrix reaches 6-7 m, the pruning amplitude is 1/4-1/2 of the crown length, and after pruning, a cut is smeared with a protective agent. According to the method, based on the research on adult single-plant wood knot scar distribution, the formation of wood knot scars is reduced through a pruning mode in the early growth stage, so that the wood income is improved; investigation on tree growth and scar healing conditions after pruning shows that reasonable pruning and protection measures are crucial to reduction of scar formation and improvement of the roundness of a trunk.