The invention relates to detection primers for molecular markers in close linkage with a major QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) of wheat ear length and an application of the detection primers. The detection primers for the molecular markers include an upstream primer, having a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.1, of the molecular marker XWMC112 and a downstream primer, having a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.2, of the molecular marker XWMC112, and an upstream primer, having a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.3, of the molecular marker XCFD53 and a downstream primer, having a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO.4, of the molecular marker XCFD53. The molecular marker XWMC112 and the molecular marker XCFD53 are studied and found for the first time, and can be used for quickly determining whether a wheat variety or strain has the QTL of the ear length, and thus quickly screening out the wheat variety or strain having the QTL for increasing the ear length, and therefore, the breeding progress of a high-yield wheat variety can be accelerated.