Fermented feed prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues as well as preparation method and application of fermented feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a fermented feed prepared from traditional Chinese medicine residues as well as a preparation method and application of the fermented feed. The fermented feed is prepared by mixing and fermenting a mixed bacteria solution formed by fermenting bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, phaffia rhodozyma and lactobacillus plantarum with bran, soybean meal, rice husks, zeolite powder and honeysuckle dregs. The fermented feed disclosed by the invention increases the contents of microbial protein, lactic acid, ethanol, tartaric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria, contains various fermentation substances, can improve the appetite of animals and improve the palatability, and is high in nutritional value. Honeysuckle herb residues are used as main raw materials, so that the preparation method has the characteristic of low production cost, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by random discarding of herb residue wastes is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed, and in particular relates to a fermented feed prepared by utilizing traditional Chinese medicine residues, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As people's living standards improve, beef and mutton account for an increasing proportion of their daily diet. Therefore, the demand for feed usage is also increasing. However, my country still has a huge gap in feed and forage. Actively developing unconventional feed is of great significance to alleviating the pressure of animal husbandry in my country.

[0003] my country has abundant resources of traditional Chinese medicine and uses a huge amount of it. Although these traditional Chinese medicine residues have been initially extracted, they still contain high nutritional and bioactive ingredients. Taking honeysuckle as an example, after crude drug extraction, the nutritional components are 20% crude protein, 4.78% crude fat, 25% crude fiber, and trace elements such as calcium and phosphorus. At present, the utilization of traditional Chinese medicine residues is relatively limited, mainly in the preparation of ethanol, composting, and cultivation of edible fungi. Some of them are also used as feed and fed directly to animals. However, due to the high content of cellulose and hemicellulose in traditional Chinese medicine residues and low digestibility and utilization rate. At the same time, traditional Chinese medicine residues will carry medicinal ingredients with a stronger taste, affecting palatability. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fermented feed prepared by using traditional Chinese medicine residues, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fermented feed has high nutritional value and good palatability.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The invention provides a fermented feed prepared by using Chinese medicine residues, which comprises mixed bacterial liquid, bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and Chinese medicine residues; the mixed bacterial liquid comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Phaffia rhodozyma and Lactobacillus plantarum.

[0006] Furthermore, the Chinese medicine residues include honeysuckle residues.

[0007] Furthermore, the Bacillus subtilis is selected from Bacillus subtilis S2 with a deposit number of CGMCC No. 19824, and its viable bacterial concentration is 5.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 9 CFU / ml; the coagulant Bacillus is selected from the coagulant Bacillus E21 with a preservation number of CGMCC No.13044, and its viable bacteria concentration is 1.0×10 8 ~3.0×10 8CFU / ml; the red Phaffia yeast is selected from the red Phaffia yeast GOY1 with a preservation number of CGMCC No.22504, and its viable bacteria concentration is 1.0×10 8 ~3.0×10 8 CFU / ml; the plant lactobacillus is selected from the plant lactobacillus GBW-LP001 with a preservation number of CGMCC No.22078, and its viable bacteria concentration is 3.0×10 8 ~5.0×10 8 CFU / ml.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the fermented feed, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Phaffia rhodozyma, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and fermenting the mixture at 37°C to 40°C for 3 to 5 hours to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; (2) mixing the mixed bacterial liquid of step (1) with bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and Chinese medicinal residues, and adjusting the water content to 60% to 70% to obtain a premix; (3) The premix of step (2) is anaerobically fermented at 37° C. to 40° C. for 5 to 7 days to obtain a fermented feed.

[0009] Furthermore, in the step (2), the pH of the Chinese medicinal residue is adjusted to 6.0-6.9 using sodium bicarbonate having a concentration of 3%-5%.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid, bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and traditional Chinese medicine residue is 0.5:5:5:5:4.5:80.

[0011] Furthermore, in the step (2), the mixed bacterial liquid is preferentially stirred with bran, and the obtained bran bacterial liquid mixture is then stirred with soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and Chinese medicinal residue in sequence, with the stirring speed being 500 to 1500 r / min and the stirring time being 5 to 10 min.

[0012] Furthermore, the particle size of the zeolite powder is 60-100 meshes, and the particle size of the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 1-3 cm.

[0013] The invention also provides application of the fermented feed in livestock breeding.

[0014] Furthermore, the fermented feed is fed during the fattening period of livestock; and the fermented feed replaces 50% of the mass of miscellaneous meal in the livestock diet by weight.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) The various microbial fermentation agents selected in the present invention have good enzyme and acid production capabilities, and can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of roughage raw materials; (2) The compound yeast and lactic acid bacteria in the present invention are combined to secrete aromatic hydrocarbons and lactic acid, which can effectively improve the pungent smell of the Chinese medicine raw materials and improve the palatability of the feed; (3) The present invention uses microbial fermentation technology to effectively destroy the cell wall components in the Chinese medicine residues and release the effective ingredients such as chlorogenic acid remaining in the Chinese medicine residues, which can be used as an alternative product to antibiotics to a certain extent; (4) In actual production, the use of the product of the present invention can increase the milk production of dairy cows by 10%, increase the daily weight gain of mutton sheep by 13%, and reduce the feed-to-weight ratio of mutton sheep by 10%.

[0016] Starting from the physiological characteristics of ruminants, the composite microecological preparations for ruminants are studied from the perspectives of rumen microecology and systemic animal nutrition, emphasizing that the location of the action of the microecological preparations is mainly in the rumen, rather than in the small intestine like monogastric animals. The effect of microecological preparations fermenting feed raw materials on ruminants depends on the type of bacteria used and their scientific combination, the activity of the preparations, the application dose, and is also related to factors such as the physiological state of the animals and the type of diet. Therefore, the present invention adopts modern biological fermentation and compounding technology, selects suitable microorganisms for matching, ferments the honeysuckle residue, and prepares fermented feed suitable for ruminants. Compared with conventional fermented cellulose feed, the invented product has the dual effects of composite microecology and fermented Chinese herbal medicine, and has outstanding advantages in regulating the rumen physiology of ruminants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples.

[0018] In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used are all conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used can be purchased from biological or chemical reagent companies.

[0019] Example 1 A method for preparing fermented feed using Chinese medicinal residues, comprising the following steps: 1) Mix 10g molasses with 1L water evenly and add 5.0×10 8 CFU / ml Bacillus subtilis S2, 1.0×10 8 CFU / ml Bacillus coagulans E21, 1.0×10 8 CFU / ml Phaffia rhodozyma GOY1, 3.0×10 8 CFU / ml GBW-LP001 After the mixed bacterial solution is evenly mixed, seal it and place it at 37℃ for 3 hours.

[0020] 2) The bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and honeysuckle residue are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 5:5:5:4.5:80 to prepare a premix, and then the activated mixed bacterial liquid is uniformly stirred in the mixed premix at a mass ratio of 0.5:99.5 to obtain a mixture. The pH value of the mixed residue is 6.5-6.8.

[0021] 3) The mixture of step 2) is anaerobically fermented at 37° C. for 5 days to obtain fermented feed.

[0022] In the present invention, the honeysuckle residue is the solid matter after the Chinese medicine is extracted with water, that is, the solid residue remaining after the Chinese medicine is extracted with water to extract the medicinal components.

[0023] In the present invention, the pH value of honeysuckle residues is generally about 5.0, therefore, the pH value of honeysuckle residues needs to be adjusted to 6.0-6.9, which is conducive to the growth of fermentation microorganisms and the fermentation of the residues, and can accumulate more microbial protein, lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol. The pH value of honeysuckle residues is preferably adjusted by sodium bicarbonate. The amount of sodium bicarbonate is preferably 3%.

[0024] In the present invention, the live bacteria concentration of the mixed bacterial solution is 1×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0025] In the present invention, a mixed bacterial liquid is obtained by culturing for 3 to 5 days in a modified MRS liquid medium. The components of the modified MRS medium are: 10.0 g of peptone, 10.0 g of beef extract, 5.0 g of yeast extract, 25.0 g of glucose, 5.0 g of sodium acetate, 2.0 g of diamine citrate, 1.0 g of Tween, 0.4 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.10 g of manganese sulfate, and 15.0 g of calcium carbonate. Distilled water is added in sequence and the distilled water is supplemented to 1000 mL. The pH of the modified MRS medium is 6.3.

[0026] In the present invention, the depository of Bacillus subtilis S2 is: General Microbiology Center of China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration (CGMCC); Address: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing; Deposit Date: May 15, 2020; Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis The deposit number is CGMCC No.19824.

[0027] Bacillus coagulans E21 is deposited at the General Microbiology Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration (CGMCC); Address: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing; Deposit date: September 26, 2016; Bacillus coagulans Bacillus coagulans The deposit number is CGMCC No.13044.

[0028] The depository of Lactobacillus plantarum GBW-LP001 is: China General Microbiology Center (CGMCC); Address: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing; Deposit date: March 26, 2021; Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus plantarum The deposit number is CGMCC No.22078.

[0029] The depository of Phaffia rhodozyma GOY1 is: China General Microbiology Center (CGMCC); Address: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing; Deposit date: May 11, 2021; Phaffia rhodozyma Phaffia rhodozyma The deposit number is CGMCC No.22504.

[0030] In the present invention, when mixing, it is preferred to first mix the mixed bacterial solution with bran, and then sequentially mix the obtained bran bacterial solution mixture with soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and honeysuckle residue. The mixing method is preferably stirring. The stirring speed is preferably 500 to 1500 r / min. The stirring time is preferably 5 to 10 min.

[0031] In the present invention, the bran, soybean meal powder and rice husk are in the natural state of commodities, the particle size of the zeolite powder is preferably 60-100 meshes, more preferably 80 meshes. The particle size of the honeysuckle residue is preferably 1-3 cm.

[0032] In the present invention, after the mixed bacterial liquid, bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and honeysuckle residue are mixed, the water content is adjusted to 65% to 70%. In the present invention, the mixed bacterial liquid, bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and honeysuckle residue are mixed, lactic acid bacteria ferment the honeysuckle residue to produce lactic acid, acetic acid, etc., soybean meal, rice husk and zeolite powder absorb lactic acid bacteria liquid, supplement feed protein and energy, and can also regulate the water content of honeysuckle residue; honeysuckle residue contains a variety of health care ingredients, and also contains a large amount of sugar and protein substances, which can provide nutrients for livestock.

[0033] The present invention has no special limitation on the sources of the bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk and zeolite powder, and conventional commercial products in the art can be used.

[0034] The present invention uses the fermented feed prepared by the above method in feeding livestock. The livestock is preferably cattle or sheep. In the present invention, the feeding period of the fermented feed is preferably during the fattening period of the livestock. By weight percentage, the fermented feed can replace 50% of the miscellaneous meal.

[0035] Example 2: Sheep experiment Weigh 10 kg of the above mixed bacterial solution (the number of viable bacteria in the mixed bacterial solution is 1.0×10 9 CFU / mL) was mixed with 100kg bran, 100kg soybean meal powder, 100kg rice husk, 90kg zeolite powder and 1600kg honeysuckle residue and stirred at 500r / min for 8min to obtain a bran lactic acid bacteria mixture. The water content was adjusted to 65% to obtain a premix. The premix was placed in a fermentation tank and fermented anaerobically at 37°C for 5d to obtain a fermented feed.

[0036] A total of 120 healthy 4-month-old lambs of the same breed, sex, and weight (19.4kg±1.24) were randomly divided into two groups, including a control group and an experimental group, with 30 lambs in each group. There was no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).

[0037] The formula and nutritional level of concentrate diet are shown in Table 1. The supply of concentrate and roughage, feeding methods, management measures and daily arrangements for the experimental sheep were carried out according to the conventional methods of the sheep farm. The sheep were raised in groups, and the conditions of drinking water, light, exercise, etc. were the same. The nutritional level of the control group and the experimental group was exactly the same. Two fasting weighings were carried out at the beginning and end of the experiment, and each weighing was carried out for 2 consecutive days. The average value was taken to determine the daily weight gain. The feed amount was recorded, the average daily consumption of each group was calculated, and the feed conversion rate was calculated based on the weight gain. At the same time, the number of defecation, the amount of feces and the shape of the feces were observed. The experiment lasted for 70 days, the first 10 days were the pre-feeding period, and the formal period was 60 days.

[0038] Table 1 Diet composition of mutton sheep

[0039] The effect of fermented honeysuckle residue on the daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio of mutton sheep is shown in Table 2. As can be seen from the table, the daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of the experimental group are improved compared with the control group. The daily weight gain of the experimental group is increased by 13.72%; the feed conversion rate of the experimental group is increased by 17.44% compared with the control group. It can be seen that the use of fermented honeysuckle to replace conventional miscellaneous meal can significantly improve the daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of mutton sheep.

[0040] Table 2 Changes in daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio of mutton sheep

[0041] The invention mixes mixed bacterial liquid, soybean meal, rice husk, zeolite powder and honeysuckle residue in proportion, and the mixed bacteria ferments the honeysuckle residue to produce lactic acid, acetic acid and the like, and the soybean meal, rice husk and zeolite powder absorb the lactic acid bacteria liquid, supplement the feed protein and energy, and can also regulate the moisture content of the honeysuckle residue; the honeysuckle residue contains a variety of health care ingredients and a large amount of sugar and protein substances. Through fermentation, the lactic acid bacteria decomposes the sugar and other substances in the honeysuckle residue to produce small molecular substances such as lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol. The prepared fermented feed has high nutritional value and good palatability. The results show that the fermented feed prepared by the invention has microbial protein, lactic acid, ethanol, tartaric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria increased by 14% to 18%, 70% to 89%, 28% to 35%, 35% to 50%, 116% to 168% and 25% to 58% respectively.

[0042] The fermented feed contains a variety of fermented substances, which can increase animal appetite and improve palatability. The contents of Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, As and aflatoxin B1 are all lower than the national safety standard (feed hygiene standard: GB / 13078-2001), indicating that the fermented feed prepared by the present invention is safe to use and can be stored for a long time. At the same time, the method provided by the present invention uses honeysuckle residues as the main raw material, which not only has the characteristics of low production cost, but also solves the environmental pollution problem caused by the random discarding of residue waste.

[0043] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for a person skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions claimed to be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented feed prepared using Chinese medicinal residues, characterized in that: The fermented feed comprises mixed bacterial liquid, bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and traditional Chinese medicine residues; the mixed bacterial liquid comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, rhodozyma and lactobacillus plantarum.

2. The fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traditional Chinese medicine residues include honeysuckle residues.

3. The fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Bacillus subtilis is selected from Bacillus subtilis S2 with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 19824, and its live bacteria concentration is 5.0×10 8 ~1.0×10 9 CFU / ml; the coagulant Bacillus is selected from the coagulant Bacillus E21 with a preservation number of CGMCC No.13044, and its viable bacteria concentration is 1.0×10 8 ~3.0×10 8 CFU / ml; the red Phaffia yeast is selected from the red Phaffia yeast GOY1 with a preservation number of CGMCC No.22504, and its viable bacteria concentration is 1.0×10 8 ~3.0×10 8 CFU / ml; the plant lactobacillus is selected from the plant lactobacillus GBW-LP001 with a preservation number of CGMCC No.22078, and its viable bacteria concentration is 3.0×10 8 ~5.0×10 8 CFU / ml.

4. The method for preparing a fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Phaffia rhodozyma, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and fermenting the mixture at 37°C to 40°C for 3 to 5 hours to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; (2) mixing the mixed bacterial liquid of step (1) with bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and Chinese medicinal residues, and adjusting the water content to 60% to 70% to obtain a premix; (3) The premix of step (2) is anaerobically fermented at 37° C. to 40° C. for 5 to 7 days to obtain a fermented feed.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (2), the pH of the Chinese medicinal residue is adjusted to 6.0-6.9 using sodium bicarbonate having a concentration of 3%-5%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the mixed bacterial liquid, bran, soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and traditional Chinese medicine residue is 0.5:5:5:5:4.5:

80.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mixed bacterial liquid is preferably stirred with bran, and the obtained bran bacterial liquid mixture is then stirred with soybean meal powder, rice husk, zeolite powder and traditional Chinese medicine residue in sequence, with a stirring speed of 500 to 1500 r / min and a stirring time of 5 to 10 min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the zeolite powder is 60-100 meshes, and the particle size of the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 1-3 cm.

9. Use of the fermented feed according to claim 1 in livestock breeding.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The feeding period of the fermented feed is during the fattening period of livestock; in terms of weight percentage, the fermented feed replaces 50% of the mass of miscellaneous meal in the livestock diet.

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